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Electronic collection studies as the key component of library e-science: The challenges in the transforming book market 电子馆藏研究是图书馆电子科学的重要组成部分:图书市场转型的挑战
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2022-10-04 DOI: 10.33186/1027-3689-2022-9-69-83
Y. Shrayberg, K. Y. Volkova, V. Zverevich
   The authors speculate on the essence of electronic collection studies as the key component of library e-science. They offer and substantiate the definitions of electronic document and electronic document in library collection. The ways to acquire e-documents to the libraries are discussed. One of the goals of e-collection studies is to adapt traditional concepts for electronic documents acquired by modern libraries; to describe key processes of e-collection development and use, namely cataloguing, systematization, efficient arrangement in the library virtual space, e-document relegation from the collections, etc. The book market (including the market of audio books) transformations in the context of digitalization and corresponding provisions of e-collection studies are characterized, with the special attention given to the COVID-19 experiences. The role of e-documents within the mixed library and information infrastructure is reviewed: the need for theoretical insights into the problem is emphasized. The authors conclude that e-documents should be studied within the framework of electronic collection studies, the component of library e-science.
本文对电子馆藏研究作为图书馆电子科学的重要组成部分的本质进行了思考。它们提供并充实了电子文献和图书馆馆藏电子文献的定义。论述了图书馆获取电子文献的途径。电子馆藏研究的目标之一是使传统观念适应于现代图书馆电子文献的获取;描述了电子馆藏发展和利用的关键过程,即编目、系统化、图书馆虚拟空间的有效安排、馆藏电子文献的降级等。介绍了数字化背景下图书市场(包括有声书市场)的转型以及电子馆藏研究的相应规定,并特别关注了新冠疫情的经验。电子文档在混合图书馆和信息基础设施中的作用进行了审查:强调了对问题的理论见解的需要。作者认为,电子文献的研究应纳入电子馆藏研究的框架,这是图书馆电子科学的组成部分。
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引用次数: 0
The role of libraries in promoting knowledge: How to make science truly open? 图书馆促进知识的作用:如何使科学真正开放?
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2022-10-04 DOI: 10.33186/1027-3689-2022-9-15-32
A. E. Rykhtorova
   The modern open science makes an ecosystem comprising open scientific knowledge, science infrastructure, dialogue with other systems of knowledge and engaged social actors. The latter is channelized through the concept of wide social involvement in scientific research – the civil science concept. Despite the libraries are mostly oriented toward the former two components, which is due to their information functions, they are also able to build themselves in the ecosystem through collaboration with civil science project. However, such projects have not become popular, which significantly narrows down the potentialities of open science.   The purpose of the article is to analyze the possibilities for libraries; entering the open science ecosystem through supporting is to open engagement of social players in science.   The author discusses the obstacles on the way of the citizen science as a part open science ecosystem, and libraries involvement. Thus, underdevelopment of civil science in Russia may be partially due to insufficient dissemination of scientific thinking in the non-scientific spheres, the closeness of scientific community and its low interest in communicating with the wider audience. The analysis of 431 websites of Russian research institutes proves that just about 42 % of them popularize scientific activities. Besides, many research institute are not so eager to disseminate instructions for developing the sphere of open and citizen science. Consequently, the libraries cannot jump to the collaboration with citizen science. As the first step, the author suggests to contribute to popularization of science and scientific system and in particular, the open science, and within its context, of the citizen science oriented on the community and researchers.
现代开放科学构建了一个生态系统,包括开放的科学知识、科学基础设施、与其他知识系统的对话以及参与其中的社会行动者。后者是通过社会广泛参与科学研究的理念——公民科学理念来引导的。尽管图书馆主要面向前两个组成部分,这是由于它们的信息功能,它们也能够通过与民间科学项目的合作在生态系统中建立自己。然而,这样的项目并没有流行起来,这大大缩小了开放科学的潜力。本文的目的是分析图书馆的可能性;通过支持进入开放的科学生态系统是开放的社会参与者参与科学。本文探讨了公民科学作为开放科学生态系统的组成部分,以及图书馆参与的障碍。因此,俄罗斯民间科学发展不足的部分原因可能是科学思想在非科学领域的传播不足,科学界的紧密性以及与更广泛的受众沟通的兴趣不高。通过对俄罗斯431家科研机构网站的分析,发现其中约42%的网站是科普网站。此外,许多研究机构并不急于传播发展开放和公民科学领域的指示。因此,图书馆不能直接与公民科学合作。作为第一步,笔者建议促进科学和科学体系的普及,特别是开放科学,以及在其背景下以社区和研究人员为导向的公民科学。
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引用次数: 1
Documentosophy as the philosophical conceptualization of document entity 文献哲学是文献实体的哲学概念化
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2022-10-04 DOI: 10.33186/1027-3689-2022-9-127-146
Y. Stolyarov
   The author continues to substantiate the goal set by Arkady Sokolov to conceptualize the document entity.   As the initial point, he took Sokolov’s definition of documentosophy as the segment of sociocultural space to build, transfer, preserve and user meaningful communication messages referred to as documents. Sokolov also refers to the sphere of sociocultural production where the documents emerge, circulate and are preserved, as the documentosphere. The author argues that the adequate definition of the document is possible in its dialectic object-subject perception according to the international definition: the document is an object or recorded information provided that in the given documentation process (rather than generally!) it can be considered (by a subject) as a discrete whole. This results in the need to specify restrictions and to formulate narrower definition of the document specifically for each individual documentation process. The fundamental provision of relativity, conformity and conventionality of the concept “document” is explained; the author criticizes the mediaology claiming to replace documentive concepts with medialogical structures. In fact, the subject of documentology coincides with that of mediaology. However, firstly, each science has its own term, and, secondly, these are just their approaches that differ, i. e. the ontological approach is applied in documentology, and the communicative one in mediaology. The mediaology has been diligently though unreasonably avoiding the concepts of “document” and “information”. Thirdly, as opposed to documentology, the mediaology has been still unable to propose any brand-new and valuable insight into the document phenomenon.
作者继续证实了Arkady Sokolov所设定的将文件实体概念化的目标。他以索科洛夫对文献哲学的定义为出发点,将其作为社会文化空间的一段,用以构建、传递、保存和使用有意义的传播信息,即文献。索科洛夫还将文献产生、流通和保存的社会文化生产领域称为文献圈。作者认为,根据国际定义,在其辩证的主客体感知中,文件的适当定义是可能的:文件是一个物体或记录的信息,只要在给定的文件编制过程中(而不是一般地!)它可以被(由主体)视为一个离散的整体。这导致需要指定限制,并为每个单独的文档过程制定更窄的文档定义。阐释了“文件”概念的相对性、一致性和约定俗成性的基本规定;作者批判了以媒介结构取代文献概念的媒介学。事实上,文献学的主题与媒介学的主题是一致的。然而,首先,每门科学都有自己的术语,其次,这些只是它们不同的方法,即文献学使用本体论方法,而媒介学使用交际方法。媒体界一直在努力地、不合理地回避“文献”和“信息”的概念。第三,相对于文献学而言,媒介学仍然无法对文献现象提出任何全新的、有价值的见解。
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引用次数: 1
Document classification as a theoretical problem of documentology 文献分类是文献学的一个理论问题
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2022-10-04 DOI: 10.33186/1027-3689-2022-9-147-168
G. Shvetsova-Vodka
   The changes and amendments to the general document classification as a theoretical problem of document studies and documentology, are discussed.   The document in the meaning “recorded information” is the subject of classification.   The author examines the faceted-block classification of document based on various characteristics united into six clusters: “Types of documents physical carrier”, “Types of documents by document acquisition circumstances”, “Types of documents by information representational and transfer tools (by signative component)”, “Types of documents by information reception (perceptive component)”, “Types of documents by their environmental circumstances”. The document classification within each facet is independent which enables to characterize any document in various parameters. The changes and amendments are made to the general document classification based on increasing number and weight of electronic documents including digital versions of originally non-digital documents. The refined general classification is to facilitate special classification in particular types (classes, groups) of documents. The general document classification is applicable to various scientific disciplines within documentology, and to teaching documentological disciplines.
作为文献学和文献学的一个理论问题,本文讨论了一般文献分类的变化和修正。文件在“记录的信息”的含义是分类的主题。本文研究了基于各种特征的文件面块分类,并将其分为六类:“文件物理载体类型”、“文件获取环境类型”、“信息表示和传递工具类型(签署成分)”、“信息接收类型(感知成分)”、“文件环境类型”。每个方面中的文档分类是独立的,这使得可以在各种参数中描述任何文档。根据电子文件的数量和重量的增加,包括原来非数字文件的数字版本,对一般文件分类进行了更改和修订。精细化的总分类是为了便于对特定类型(类、组)的文档进行特殊分类。一般文献分类适用于文献学中的各种科学学科,也适用于文献学学科的教学。
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引用次数: 0
Bibliometamorphioses and Bibliologos in the transient world 瞬变世界中的图书馆变形与图书馆
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2022-10-04 DOI: 10.33186/1027-3689-2022-9-189-208
A. Sokolov
   To assess the socio-cultural, scientific and pedagogical novelty and significance of the annual reports of the international forum “Crimea”, read by Ya. L. Shraiberg in 2001–2021, the key words are used – the neologisms “bibliometamorphosis” and “Bibliologos”. Metamorphoses (transformations, transformations) embody the universal variability of the world, and at the same time its stability, since the transforming object does not disappear without a trace, but is transformed into a related entity. Therefore, a book or a library in today's changing world should remain a book and a library, despite external modernization, digitalization and globalization. Bibliometamorphic institutions are religion, ideology, science, art, education, which perform social information and communication functions through book communication (written texts). The bibliologos (literally, “book mind”) performs in a civilized society the function of a productive force that ensures the creation, preservation, and use of the bibliosphere. The bookish mind is realized in two ways: first, the animate Bibliologos in the form of social groups of subjects of the bibliosphere; secondly, the materialized Bibliologos in the form of scientific, educational, normative and administrative texts of intellectuals-scribes devoted to the bookish mind and culture. The animate Bibliologos is the collective mind of library, bibliographic and book professionals (practitioners, scientists, educators), government and commercial figures, bibliophiles, printing engineers, readers' asset directly involved in the production, transformation, preservation and distribution of written and printed works. The technical, political, humanistic metamorphoses of the Logos of modern Russia are considered in detail. The key role of libraries in the socio-cultural metamorphoses of the post-industrial society is shown. The article concludes with a call for continued regular review of library and information science and practice.
评估国际论坛“克里米亚”年度报告的社会文化,科学和教学新颖性和意义,由Ya阅读。L. Shraiberg在2001-2021年,使用的关键词是新词“bibliometamorphosis”和“Bibliologos”。变形(transformphoses,变换)体现了世界的普遍可变性,同时也体现了世界的稳定性,因为变换对象不是消失得无影无踪,而是转化为一个相关的实体。因此,在当今不断变化的世界里,一本书或一个图书馆,不管外部是现代化、数字化和全球化,都应该是一本书和一个图书馆。书目变形机构是指宗教、意识形态、科学、艺术、教育等通过书籍传播(书面文本)履行社会信息和传播功能的机构。bibliologos(字面意思是“书心”)在文明社会中发挥着生产力的作用,确保了图书馆圈的创造、保存和利用。书香心有两种实现方式:第一,以书香圈主体的社会群体为形式的有生气的书香人;第二种是物化的《书目》,以知识分子的科学、教育、规范和行政文本的形式出现,这些书记家致力于书心和文化。有生命的Bibliologos是图书馆、书目和图书专业人士(从业人员、科学家、教育工作者)、政府和商业人士、藏书家、印刷工程师、直接参与书面和印刷作品的生产、转化、保存和分发的读者资产的集体思想。详细讨论了现代俄罗斯逻各斯在技术、政治和人文方面的变形。图书馆在后工业社会的社会文化蜕变中所扮演的关键角色。文章最后呼吁对图书馆情报科学和实践进行持续的定期审查。
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引用次数: 0
Yakov L. Shrayberg in the context of modernity 现代性语境中的雅科夫·l·施赖伯格
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2022-09-07 DOI: 10.33186/1027-3689-2022-8-145-152
V. Zverevich
The article coincides with the jubilee of Yakov L. Shrayberg, a prominent Russian scientist, Doctor of Science in Engineering, Professor, Honored Worker of Culture of the Russian Federation, corresponding member of Russian Academy of Education, founder and president of the International Association of Users and Developers of Electronic Libraries and New Information Technologies (ELNIT Association) National Library Association “Libraries of the Future” (NALF). The author reviews various aspects of Dr. Shrayberg’s professional activities, in particular, development of International Library, Information and Analytical Center (ILIAC) in Russia and the USA, planning and orchestration of international scientific and practical conferences “Crimea” and LIBCOM, and, within their framework, the intellectual show game “What? Where? When? in Library, Information, Book and Publishing Space”, and authoring the memorial three-volume book “My friend Katya Genieva”, etc. The author recalls with warm feelings the milestones of his joint work with the celebrant and congratulates him on his birthday.
这篇文章恰逢雅科夫·l·施赖伯格(Yakov L. Shrayberg)诞辰60周年,他是俄罗斯杰出的科学家,工程学博士,教授,俄罗斯联邦荣誉文化工作者,俄罗斯教育学院通讯委员,国际电子图书馆和新信息技术用户和开发者协会(ELNIT Association)的创始人和主席,国家图书馆协会“未来的图书馆”(nff)。作者回顾了Shrayberg博士专业活动的各个方面,特别是在俄罗斯和美国的国际图书馆,信息和分析中心(ILIAC)的发展,国际科学和实践会议“克里米亚”和LIBCOM的策划和协调,以及在他们的框架内,智力表演游戏“什么?在哪里?什么时候?《图书馆、信息、图书和出版空间》,并撰写了三卷本的纪念书籍《我的朋友卡蒂亚·吉尼瓦》等。作者怀着温暖的心情回忆起他与司仪共同工作的里程碑,并祝贺他的生日。
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引用次数: 0
Тraditional values and book culture Тraditional价值观和书籍文化
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2022-09-07 DOI: 10.33186/1027-3689-2022-7-116-128
A. Sokolov, A. S. Turgaev
The draft Presidential Decree on the fundamentals of state policy for the preservation and strengthening of traditional Russian spiritual and moral values, put out by Likhachev Russian Research Institute for Cultural and Natural Heritage in January 2022, for public consideration, was analyzed. Based on the ancient cult of the book as a sacred revelation, the book culture is understood as a creative and communication activity of human society carried out in the book form through symbols. In the history of Russian civilization, the book culture has acquired the status of traditional national value and productive force that ensures the development of material, spiritual and humanistic culture. The technocratic society of the twentieth century is at risk of self-destruction. Risks such as environmental crisis (environmental pollution, climate change), biological mutations (viral pandemic, genetic degradation), technological accidents (computer program failure, nuclear facility collapse), geopolitical follies (arms race, terrorism, aggressive globalization, loss of national identity and sovereignty, genocide, fanaticism), and many other anthropogenic threats have acquired global proportions. Successful opposition to dangerous technogenic risks is possible only if we rely on the humanistic book and library traditions. The conclusion is made on the expediency of the need to develop a scientifically and practically sound state strategy for humanistic book culture in modern Russia.
分析了利哈乔夫俄罗斯文化和自然遗产研究所于2022年1月提交供公众审议的《关于保护和加强俄罗斯传统精神和道德价值观的国家政策基本原则的总统令草案》。基于古代对书作为神圣启示的崇拜,书文化被理解为人类社会通过符号在书的形式中进行的一种创造和传播活动。在俄罗斯文明史上,图书文化获得了传统民族价值和生产力的地位,保证了物质文化、精神文化和人文文化的发展。20世纪的技术官僚社会正面临自我毁灭的危险。诸如环境危机(环境污染,气候变化),生物突变(病毒大流行,基因退化),技术事故(计算机程序故障,核设施崩溃),地缘政治愚蠢(军备竞赛,恐怖主义,侵略性全球化,国家身份和主权丧失,种族灭绝,狂热)等风险,以及许多其他人为威胁已获得全球比例。只有当我们依靠人文主义的书籍和图书馆传统时,才有可能成功地反对危险的技术风险。本文的结论是,现代俄罗斯人文图书文化需要制定科学可行的国家战略。
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引用次数: 0
The Third scientific and practical conference “The letters and digits: The libraries on the way to digitalization” – “BilioPiter–2022” (review) 第三届“字母与数字:数字化道路上的图书馆”科学与实践会议——“BilioPiter-2022”(综述)
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2022-09-07 DOI: 10.33186/1027-3689-2022-8-108-118
A. M. Kaverkina, D. Moseeva
The third scientific and practical conference “The letters and digits: The libraries on the way to digitalization” “BilioPiter–2022” is reviewed. The conference w as h eld i n S t. P etersburg o n A pril 6–8, 2022. Every year, the conference gathers together library professionals, educationalists and researchers to contribute to the development of library and information sphere. The conference key topic is discussed: joint efforts of the libraries and educational, informational and research organizations in developing new approaches, methods and technologies for the library and information sphere in the modern digital environment. The focus is made on specialized research and practical seminar “Automation of libraries in the digital information educational environment” and IRBIS School one-day session (St. Petersburg State Institute of Culture); lecture-seminar series “The libraries in the modern information and digital environment “Concepts, technologies, laws and regulations”; discussion round table “The libraries’ interacting with the society, business and authorities”; presentation of the memorial threevolume book “My friend Katya Genieva” (V. V. Mayakovsky Central City Public Library); special seminar “Information support of science and Education: Theory and practice” (National Library of Russia); and special seminar “The projects of the National Library of Russia in digitalization of the national cultural heritage” (Russian Academy of Science Library). The key topics and keynote papers are also discussed.
第三届“字母与数字:数字化道路上的图书馆”科学与实践会议“BilioPiter-2022”综述。会议将于2022年4月6日至8日在美国圣彼得堡举行。每年的会议聚集了图书馆专业人士、教育工作者和研究人员,为图书馆和信息领域的发展做出贡献。会议的主要议题是:图书馆与教育、信息和研究机构共同努力,为现代数字环境下的图书馆和信息领域开发新的途径、方法和技术。重点是专门研究和实践研讨会“数字信息教育环境中的图书馆自动化”和IRBIS学校为期一天的会议(圣彼得堡国立文化学院);“现代信息和数字环境下的图书馆:概念、技术、法律和法规”系列讲座;圆桌讨论“图书馆与社会、企业和政府的互动”;纪念书《我的朋友卡蒂亚·吉尼耶娃》(V. V.马雅可夫斯基中心城市公共图书馆)赠送;“科学和教育的信息支持:理论与实践”专题讨论会(俄罗斯国家图书馆);“俄罗斯国家图书馆国家文化遗产数字化项目”专题研讨会(俄罗斯科学院图书馆)。重点议题和主题论文也进行了讨论。
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引用次数: 0
Electronic Library «Moscow Electronic School» as an Effective Didactic and Methodological Resource for Learning. (The article is published in the Russian and English languages) 电子图书馆«莫斯科电子学校»作为学习的有效教学和方法资源。(本文以俄文和英文发表)
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2022-09-07 DOI: 10.33186/1027-3689-2022-7-69-80
N. Dunaeva, Y. Tsarapkina, A. A. Nagornova, A. Anisimova
Currently, one can observe active use of electronic resources by teachers at various teaching stages, on all levels of basic education. I n this work, the authors review an electronic library available on the «Moscow Electronic School» website. The article reveals the potential of using electronic network resources of the Moscow Electronic School project for the self-development of students, provides examples of the use of such resources in the educational process, gives a brief overview of scientific literature on this topic, describes the results of experience with the electronic library. It all allows the authors to talk about the efficiency of using such resources, both in Russia and abroad, namely, to state an increase in the level of activity and the quality of educational material assimilation. Electronic libraries are of great importance to the interactive learning process. As another result of the study, the authors note an increase in the level of educational motivation. Thus, we can say that the resources of modern electronic libraries offer a significant potential for the development of necessary skills, abilities and knowledge in students.
目前,我们可以看到在基础教育的各个阶段,教师都在积极地使用电子资源。在这项工作中,作者审查了«莫斯科电子学校»网站上提供的电子图书馆。本文揭示了利用莫斯科电子学校项目的电子网络资源促进学生自我发展的潜力,提供了在教育过程中使用这些资源的例子,简要概述了关于这一主题的科学文献,描述了电子图书馆的经验结果。这一切都使作者能够谈论在俄罗斯和国外使用这些资源的效率,即说明活动水平和教育材料同化质量的提高。电子图书馆对交互式学习过程具有重要意义。这项研究的另一个结果是,作者注意到教育动机水平的提高。因此,我们可以说,现代电子图书馆的资源为学生发展必要的技能、能力和知识提供了巨大的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Reconstruction of open science information ecosystem in the era of global challenges 全球挑战时代开放科学信息生态系统的重构
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2022-09-07 DOI: 10.33186/1027-3689-2022-8-60-79
N. Redkina
The purpose of the study is to reveal trends in the open science information ecosystem in the era of global crisis (COVID-19, etc.). Based on the findings, the author argues that the international interaction intensifies, publications and research findings are available in open access, research data dissemination, reproduction, preservation and seamless access are demanded and offered as never before. The examples of the resources made accessible for research and educational purposes are provided. The role of libraries in offering resources and services to the users in the period of restrictions due to COVID-19 pandemic, as well as in fighting fake information and adapting to the new forms of interaction with vendors and resource aggregators, is advocated.
研究的目的是揭示全球危机时代(新冠肺炎等)开放科学信息生态系统的趋势。基于研究结果,作者认为,国际互动加剧,出版物和研究成果可以开放获取,研究数据的传播、复制、保存和无缝访问的需求和提供是前所未有的。提供了供研究和教育目的使用的资源的例子。倡导图书馆在新冠肺炎疫情限制时期为用户提供资源和服务,打击虚假信息,适应与供应商和资源聚合商的新互动形式。
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引用次数: 0
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