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Lyric Lost and Found 抒情失物招领处
IF 0.2 0 LITERARY THEORY & CRITICISM Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/jlt-2017-0013
Haun Saussy
Abstract A tenacious tradition considers the lyric as the manifestation of a subjectivity, whether personal or universal. But folk traditions as well as the twentieth-century avant-gardes offer the counter-example of poetry that arises from the collocation of verbal fragments, of artificial languages, of subjects in name only, and dare to present these as a new-style lyric. Less startling versions of this displacement of the lyric subject occur in such artifacts as the overheard poem. For such poems, the fact of publication replaces the mythic occasion of utterance as the poem’s moment of truth. This foregrounding of the moment of production is a feature linking the so-called primitive, oral, or folk poetry of many cultures to the purportedly post-humanist poetry of the different avant-gardes, and it links them, not through an irony, metaphor or coincidence, but through a model of the function of the artwork that indeed puts the act of signifying temporally and axiologically before the signified meanings
一个顽强的传统认为抒情是一种主体性的表现,无论是个人的还是普遍的。但是,民间传统和二十世纪的先锋派提供了诗歌的反例,这些诗歌源于文字片段的搭配,人造语言,名义上的主题,并敢于将它们呈现为一种新型的抒情。这种对抒情诗主体的转移的不那么令人吃惊的版本出现在诸如无意中听到的诗这样的人工制品中。对于这样的诗歌,出版的事实取代了神话般的话语场合,成为诗歌的真理时刻。这种生产时刻的前景是一种特征,将许多文化中所谓的原始、口头或民间诗歌与不同先锋派的所谓后人文主义诗歌联系起来,它不是通过讽刺、隐喻或巧合,而是通过艺术功能的模型将它们联系起来,这种模型确实在时间上和价值上将所指行为置于所指意义之前
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引用次数: 1
Lyric Poetry: Intergeneric, Transnational, Translingual? 抒情诗:跨属、跨国、跨语言?
IF 0.2 0 LITERARY THEORY & CRITICISM Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/jlt-2017-0011
J. Ramazani
Abstract This essay ventures a dozen postulates: 1) lyric can’t be defined by one or even many formal features that are exclusive to it; 2) lyric can be described as a range of nonexclusive formal strategies encoded in texts and the communities that produce and receive them; 3) thus, if we understand »genre« in a way that fuses poetics with hermeneutics, lyric is a genre; 4) lyric and affiliated subgenres and modes live historically but survive transhistorically, albeit often dramatically refashioned; 5) lyric is neither merely personal nor entirely impersonal, making it readily appropriable; 6) lyric differs from more empirical and mimetic genres by virtue of the density of its verbal and formal mediation of the world; 7) lyric is intergeneric, best understood in its dialogue with its others; 8) lyric is transnational; 9) lyric needs to be studied at both the micro and macro levels – both its language-specific intricacies and textures, and its participation in broader patterns of genre, history, and cultural migration; 10) the strategies of a transnational poetics can be extended across languages; 11) a transnational poetics should be attentive to cross-cultural hybridization, creolization, and vernacularization in lyric; 12) lyric isn’t dead, and it isn’t only an elite form.
摘要本文提出了十几个假设:1)抒情不能被一种甚至多种形式特征所限定;2)抒情可以被描述为一系列非排他性的正式策略,编码在文本和产生和接收它们的社区中;3)因此,如果我们以一种融合诗学和解释学的方式来理解“体裁”,抒情就是一种体裁;4)抒情和相关的子类型和模式在历史上存在,但在超越历史的情况下生存,尽管经常被戏剧性地改造;5)抒情既不只是个人的,也不完全是非个人的,这使它很容易被挪用;6)抒情诗不同于更经验性的和模仿性的体裁,因为抒情诗对世界的口头和形式中介的密度;7)抒情是跨属的,最好的理解是在它与他人的对话中;8)抒情性是跨国的;9)抒情需要在微观和宏观两个层面上进行研究——既要研究其特定语言的复杂性和结构,也要研究其在更广泛的体裁、历史和文化迁移模式中的参与;10)跨国诗学策略可以跨语言扩展;11)跨文化诗学应注意歌词的跨文化杂交、克里奥尔化和白话化;12)抒情并没有消亡,也不仅仅是一种精英形式。
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引用次数: 6
Lyric Reading and Empathy 抒情阅读和同理心
IF 0.2 0 LITERARY THEORY & CRITICISM Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/jlt-2017-0012
Antonio Rodriguez
Abstract Numerous studies on lyric poetry have considered formalist questions, speakers or historical contexts. The act and the action of reading, however, were less often explored. Thus, the following questions arise: Is there a lyric reading? What are the reader’s motivations? Does the same logic apply to narrative, satirical and didactic poems? How can it be described? This article outlines the many problems which the heterogeneity of poetry is likely to generate. It further intends to examine how the notion of »empathy« could help to actualize this specific way of reading. Based on recent research on intentionality and empathy, this paper makes apparent some of the general principles for a holistic theory of lyric, which enables to link poetics, psychology and anthropology.
许多关于抒情诗的研究都考虑了形式主义问题、说话者或历史背景。然而,阅读的行为和行为却很少被探索。因此,出现了以下问题:是否有抒情阅读?读者的动机是什么?同样的逻辑适用于叙事诗、讽刺诗和说教诗吗?怎么描述呢?本文概述了诗歌的异质性可能产生的许多问题。它进一步打算研究“共情”的概念如何帮助实现这种特定的阅读方式。本文通过对意向性和移情的研究,揭示了抒情学整体理论的一些一般原则,从而将诗学、心理学和人类学联系起来。
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引用次数: 1
Feminist Theories 女权主义理论
IF 0.2 0 LITERARY THEORY & CRITICISM Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.4135/9781412958806.n203
Janet L. Miller
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引用次数: 36
Theories of Lyric 抒情理论
IF 0.2 0 LITERARY THEORY & CRITICISM Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/jlt-2017-0001
Claudia Hillebrandt, Sonja Klimek, R. Müller, W. Waters, Rüdiger Zymner
The general theory of lyric is a developing field of study. Approaches to lyric are, however, reputedly stuck in »the impasse of an impressionistic and narrowly formalistic critical debate on the genre« (Müller-Zettelmann/Rubik 2005, 8). Such claims may be paired with a call for raising the theory of lyric to higher levels (cf. Culler 2015, 2sq.; Zymner 2009, 8sq.; Gibson 2015, 1sq.), including the proposal of formulating, in analogy to the well-established field of narratology, a formal ›lyricology‹ (»lyricologie« or »Lyrikologie«, as it is called in French and German respectively; cf. Zymner 2009, 7–9; Rodriguez 2009; von Ammon 2015). More particularly, it has been suggested that parts of lyric theory should be reconceptualized with the help of narrative theories (cf. Müller-Zettelmann 2000, MüllerZettelmann/Rubik 2005). However, the influx of concepts from different theories into the analysis of lyric entails some problems. It appears that the practices of analyzing lyric have become heavily influenced by generic models and approaches drawn from the theories of drama and narrative (for critique, cf. Culler 2015,108–112; Hempfer 2014,16–21). There are various issues here; for instance, one may ask whether the lyric concepts of voice or persona can be grasped in terms of fictional characters or narrators, or whether lyric typically develops structures that are similar to narrative discours and story. More importantly, narratological approaches tend to see lyric as a defective or residual form of the narrative mode (cf. Hempfer 2014, 19–21; Hillebrandt 2015). Various theoretical issues in the theory of lyric have been taken up with renewed vigor in the last years, including several proposals with respect to the
抒情一般理论是一个发展中的研究领域。然而,据说抒情的方法陷入了“印象派和狭隘形式主义的流派批判辩论的僵局”(m ller- zettelmann /Rubik 2005, 8)。这种说法可能与将抒情理论提升到更高水平的呼吁相结合(参见Culler 2015, 2sq;Zymner 2009, 8平方米;Gibson 2015, 1sq.),包括制定类似于成熟的叙事学领域的正式“抒情学”(“lyricologie”或“Lyrikologie”,分别在法语和德语中被称为;cf. Zymner 2009, 7-9;罗德里格斯2009;von Ammon 2015)。更具体地说,有人建议在叙事理论的帮助下,部分抒情理论应该被重新概念化(参见m勒-泽特尔曼2000,m勒尔泽特尔曼/鲁比克2005)。然而,不同理论的概念涌入抒情分析带来了一些问题。分析抒情的实践似乎已经受到戏剧和叙事理论中得出的一般模型和方法的严重影响(用于批评,cf. Culler 2015, 108-112;Hempfer 2014、16)。这里有各种各样的问题;例如,人们可能会问,声音或人物的抒情概念是否可以从虚构人物或叙述者的角度来理解,或者抒情是否通常会发展出与叙事话语和故事相似的结构。更重要的是,叙事学方法倾向于将抒情视为叙事模式的缺陷或残余形式(cf. Hempfer 2014,19 - 21;Hillebrandt 2015)。近年来,抒情理论中的各种理论问题被重新讨论起来,其中包括一些关于抒情理论的建议
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引用次数: 8
A World of Gestures 手势的世界
IF 0.2 0 LITERARY THEORY & CRITICISM Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/jlt-2017-0010
D. Rabaté
Abstract The lyric poem does not construct a world in the way fiction invents universes. By eluding the circumstances, and promoting an intense plasticity in its modes of enunciation, the lyric poem rather seeks a congruence between what is said and an emotional state, the communication of an impetus crystallizing in the form of the poem. This impetus can be described as a gesture, or as a set of lyrical gestures. Poems try to capture an energy that comes from the outside world as well as from the inner space. A force is conveyed through a form – since modern poetry has given up rules of versification – that is never completely fit. This lyrical energy is shared by the reader through the re-enunciation of the poem. The lyrical »I« has a certain porosity, a manner of subjective transparence that allows the reader’s subjectivity to lodge there and during the time of recitation. It is thus the dynamics between force and form in modern poetry that this article tries to understand.
抒情诗不像小说创造宇宙那样构造一个世界。通过避开环境,促进其表达方式的强烈可塑性,抒情诗更像是在寻求所说的和情感状态之间的一致性,一种动力的交流结晶在诗的形式中。这种推动力可以被描述为一种姿态,或者是一组抒情的姿态。诗歌试图捕捉一种来自外部世界和内心空间的能量。一种力量是通过一种形式来传达的——因为现代诗歌已经放弃了诗歌的规则——这种形式从来都不是完全合适的。这种抒情的能量通过对诗歌的重新阐释被读者分享。抒情的“我”有一定的多孔性,一种主观透明的方式,允许读者的主体性在朗诵的时候停留在那里。因此,本文试图理解的正是现代诗歌中力量与形式之间的动态关系。
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引用次数: 4
Lyric Words, not Worlds 抒情诗,不是世界
IF 0.2 0 LITERARY THEORY & CRITICISM Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/jlt-2017-0004
J. Culler
Abstract The notion that a lyric poem generates a world seems derived from the analysis of narrative fiction and risks setting the study of lyric poetry on the wrong track. Although lyrics often contain fictional elements – minimally sketched characters and incident – it is best to start from the presumption that they are at bottom not fiction. One can then analyze the tension between what one might call fiction and song, or fictional elements and ritualistic elements, as in Roland Greene’s analysis of lyric sequences. The positing of a fictional world created by a lyric poem and including a fictional speaker or persona risks trivializing lyric poems by relativizing their claims to the situation of a particular individual instead of granting them the authority of poetic form. Even lyrics that do create a fictional speaker often make claims about the world – our world and not a special fictional world – that are authorized by the poet. A superior default model for thinking about lyric, then is the classical concept of lyric as epideictic discourse, closer to oratory than to mimesis. The lyric characteristically strives to be itself an event rather than a representation of an event.
“抒情诗创造世界”的观点似乎源于对叙事小说的分析,并有可能使抒情诗研究走上错误的轨道。虽然歌词经常包含虚构的元素——对人物和事件的最低限度的勾画——但最好从假设它们本质上不是虚构的开始。我们可以分析小说和歌曲之间的紧张关系,或者虚构元素和仪式元素之间的紧张关系,就像罗兰·格林对歌词序列的分析一样。假设抒情诗创造了一个虚构的世界,其中包括一个虚构的演讲者或人物,这可能会使抒情诗变得平凡,因为它将抒情诗的要求与特定个体的处境相对化,而不是赋予它们诗歌形式的权威。即使歌词确实创造了一个虚构的演讲者,也经常对世界发表言论——我们的世界,而不是一个特殊的虚构世界——这些都是诗人授权的。思考抒情诗的一个更好的默认模式,是将抒情诗作为流行话语的经典概念,更接近于演讲而不是模仿。抒情诗的特点是努力使自己成为一个事件,而不是一个事件的表现。
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引用次数: 3
Theory of the Lyric: a Prototypical Approach 抒情理论:一种原型方法
IF 0.2 0 LITERARY THEORY & CRITICISM Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/jlt-2017-0006
Klaus W. Hempfer
Abstract Proceeding from a distinction between ›poetry‹ and ›lyric‹, the present article outlines a prototype theory of the lyric as transhistorical mode. As such the lyric prototype cannot be defined by means of empirical tests, but is a theoretical construct that presupposes the knowledge of highly diverse discursive systems and traditions and the recourse to interpretative-hermeneutic methods for its validity. The model of the prototypical lyric the article proposes is based on four interdependent components: (1) a speech situation characterised by an I-here-now deixis; (2) a represented situation which comes into being in and through the simultaneous speech act based on an identical deixis; (3) a fiction of performativity whose performative character results from the simultaneity and coincidence of speech situation and represented situation, and whose fictionality is based on the fact that the relation of simultaneity is text-internal, thus ›staged‹, and does not conform to the communicative situation between producer and recipient; and finally (4) a lack of, or an asymmetry in, the relationship between speaker and addressee, in as far as the speaker has the ›licence‹ to either perform a locutionary act directly and without any explicit motivation or addressee, or to explicitly address recipients. Unlike in normal face-to-face communication, however, these recipients cannot turn into speakers themselves. At best, they can function as quoted speakers, who are introduced by the ›speaker proper‹, and whose utterances assume the form of mere reported speech.
摘要本文从区分“诗歌”和“抒情”出发,概述了抒情作为一种超历史模式的原型理论。因此,抒情原型不能通过经验检验来定义,而是一种理论结构,它以高度多样化的话语系统和传统的知识为前提,并求助于解释-解释学方法来确定其有效性。本文提出的原型抒情诗模型基于四个相互依存的组成部分:(1)以“此时此地”指示语为特征的言语情境;(2)基于同一指示语的同时言语行为中并通过其产生的表征情境;(3)表演性小说,其表演性特征源于言语情境和表现情境的同时性和巧合,其虚构性基于同时性关系是文本内部的,因此是“上演的”,不符合生产者和接受者之间的交际情境;最后(4)说话人和收件人之间的关系缺乏或不对称,因为说话人有“许可”直接执行言语行为,而没有任何明确的动机或收件人,或明确地称呼收件人。然而,与正常的面对面交流不同,这些接受者不能自己变成说话者。充其量,他们可以充当引语者,由“说话人本身”介绍,其话语仅以间接引语的形式出现。
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引用次数: 6
Form and Content, Again. Four Remarks on Lyric Theory 形式和内容。抒情理论四评
IF 0.2 0 LITERARY THEORY & CRITICISM Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/jlt-2017-0008
Fabian Lampart
Abstract The following statement suggests reconsidering recent debates on a theory of lyric in terms of form and content. Four aspects and issues of the ongoing debate are discussed. In a first step, it is necessary to establish the relation between authorial poetics and lyric theory, since it is often characterised by fuzzy boundaries. Secondly, in order to specify the problem of form in lyric theory, it is suggested to have a closer look at the performative in lyric practice. Another important aspect of form is the semantics of lyrical genres. Lyrical genres mark an area in which form and content are intertwined and in which aspects of the form itself become semantic. Finally, the author argues that we should discuss – if possible assisted by a didactics sensitive to literary texts – whether and how theoretical proposals could be transformed into a practice of teaching poetry.
下面的声明建议从形式和内容的角度重新考虑最近关于抒情理论的争论。讨论了正在进行的辩论的四个方面和问题。首先,有必要建立作者诗学与抒情理论之间的关系,因为它的特点往往是模糊的边界。其次,为了明确抒情理论中的形式问题,建议对抒情实践中的表现性进行更深入的考察。形式的另一个重要方面是抒情体裁的语义。抒情体裁标志着一个形式和内容交织在一起的领域,在这个领域中,形式本身的各个方面变成了语义。最后,作者认为我们应该讨论——如果可能的话,在对文学文本敏感的教学法的辅助下——理论建议是否以及如何转化为诗歌教学的实践。
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引用次数: 0
Philosophy and the Lyric 哲学与抒情
IF 0.2 0 LITERARY THEORY & CRITICISM Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/jlt-2017-0007
P. Lamarque
Abstract The paper surveys and comments on some of the issues that arise about the lyric in philosophical, principally analytical, aesthetics. In brief these are: definition, expression, paraphrase, form-content unity, experience, and truth and profundity. The paper shows in each case why these issues are important from the perspective of analytical philosophy but also why lyric poetry is not always an easy subject matter to accommodate to standard analytical presuppositions. It might be thought that theories of meaning within philosophy of language (be it semantics, speech act theory or truth-conditions) should be applicable to a full range of linguistic usage. But lyric poetry confounds that expectation and yields a context where familiar models of meaning and communication can seem inadequate. Yet analytical philosophers should not simply dismiss poetry as somehow exceptional or aberrant but would gain from looking afresh at basic assumptions to see how their views about language might be broadened and modified.
摘要本文对哲学美学(主要是分析美学)中关于抒情的一些问题进行了综述和评述。简而言之,它们是:定义、表达、释义、形式与内容的统一、经验、真理与深度。这篇论文从分析哲学的角度说明了为什么这些问题是重要的,同时也说明了为什么抒情诗并不总是一个容易适应标准分析预设的主题。人们可能会认为,语言哲学中的意义理论(无论是语义学、言语行为理论还是真条件理论)应该适用于所有的语言使用。但抒情诗混淆了这种期望,并产生了一种背景,在这种背景下,熟悉的意义和交流模式似乎是不够的。然而,分析哲学家不应该简单地将诗歌视为某种例外或异常,而是应该从重新审视基本假设中获益,看看他们对语言的看法如何扩大和修改。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
Journal of Literary Theory
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