Pub Date : 2024-11-04DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.113071
Maoqing Tang, Cong Qi, Linfei Yue, Zhanpeng Yu
In an effort to further enhance the evaporation effect of interfacial evaporation, a super-hydrophilic nanoparticle film was prepared by ultrasonic impregnation in this paper. Then, by improving the structure and configuration design of nanoparticle film, the nanoparticle film was transformed from two-dimensional structure to three-dimensional structure. The effects of three-dimensional structure shape, radiation intensity and three-dimensional structure height on the evaporation capacity of nanoparticle films were studied. It was found that the evaporation rate of the three-dimensional rectangular Cu-Fe3O4 nanoparticle film with a rectangular height of 15 mm achieved 1.2 kg/m2/h under one sun radiation intensity. The evaporation efficiency can reach 75.44 %, and the thermal efficiency can reach 111.91 %. The design of the three-dimensional structure enables the nanoparticle film to perform double-sided evaporation. At the same time, under the action of natural air convection, the nanoparticle film evaporation efficiency is greatly improved, which provides a design strategy for the nanoparticle film in the field of solar-driven interface evaporation.
{"title":"Interfacial evaporation characteristics of three-dimensional Cu-Fe3O4 nanoparticle film","authors":"Maoqing Tang, Cong Qi, Linfei Yue, Zhanpeng Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In an effort to further enhance the evaporation effect of interfacial evaporation, a super-hydrophilic nanoparticle film was prepared by ultrasonic impregnation in this paper. Then, by improving the structure and configuration design of nanoparticle film, the nanoparticle film was transformed from two-dimensional structure to three-dimensional structure. The effects of three-dimensional structure shape, radiation intensity and three-dimensional structure height on the evaporation capacity of nanoparticle films were studied. It was found that the evaporation rate of the three-dimensional rectangular Cu-Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticle film with a rectangular height of 15 mm achieved 1.2 kg/m<sup>2</sup>/h under one sun radiation intensity. The evaporation efficiency can reach 75.44 %, and the thermal efficiency can reach 111.91 %. The design of the three-dimensional structure enables the nanoparticle film to perform double-sided evaporation. At the same time, under the action of natural air convection, the nanoparticle film evaporation efficiency is greatly improved, which provides a design strategy for the nanoparticle film in the field of solar-driven interface evaporation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"284 ","pages":"Article 113071"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-04DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.113065
Xiaoyan Zhao, Rong Cheng, Yahui Wang, Yiwei Fu, Jialin Guo
Dust and rainfall have been key issues affecting outdoor solar concentrating systems. This study aimed to accurately evaluate the specific effects of dust and rainfall on linear Fresnel reflectors in semi-arid regions. Targeted outdoor experiments on dust and rainwater were conducted in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, from September to December 2023. A predictive model is developed to assess the effect of rainfall on reflectivity under conditions of dust accumulation, based on the physical properties of outdoor-exposed dust. The study reveals that after 60 days of exposure, the reflectivity decreased at a rate of 0.25 % per day due to mirror dust, particularly within the 380–780 nm wavelength range, reaching 21.62 %. The rainfall leads to four distinct conditions, namely pitting, surface corrosion, gully corrosion, and overall corrosion on the dusty mirror. During the gully corrosion and corrosion stages, the reflectivity significantly improved. Rainfall below 0.4 mm barely cleaned mirror dust, whereas rainfall exceeding 26.70 mm provided substantial cleaning but reached a saturation point with additional rainfall. These findings contribute to the development of cost-effective cleaning strategies for similar climatic conditions.
{"title":"Effects of dust and rainfall on the relative reflectivity of linear Fresnel reflectors","authors":"Xiaoyan Zhao, Rong Cheng, Yahui Wang, Yiwei Fu, Jialin Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dust and rainfall have been key issues affecting outdoor solar concentrating systems. This study aimed to accurately evaluate the specific effects of dust and rainfall on linear Fresnel reflectors in semi-arid regions. Targeted outdoor experiments on dust and rainwater were conducted in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, from September to December 2023. A predictive model is developed to assess the effect of rainfall on reflectivity under conditions of dust accumulation, based on the physical properties of outdoor-exposed dust. The study reveals that after 60 days of exposure, the reflectivity decreased at a rate of 0.25 % per day due to mirror dust, particularly within the 380–780 nm wavelength range, reaching 21.62 %. The rainfall leads to four distinct conditions, namely pitting, surface corrosion, gully corrosion, and overall corrosion on the dusty mirror. During the gully corrosion and corrosion stages, the reflectivity significantly improved. Rainfall below 0.4 mm barely cleaned mirror dust, whereas rainfall exceeding 26.70 mm provided substantial cleaning but reached a saturation point with additional rainfall. These findings contribute to the development of cost-effective cleaning strategies for similar climatic conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"284 ","pages":"Article 113065"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142587130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-04DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.113068
Afaf M. Kadhum , Azal S. Waheeb , Masar A. Awad , Abrar U. Hassan , Sajjad H. Sumrra , Cihat Güleryüz , Ayesha Mohyuddin , Sadaf Noreen , Hussein A.K. Kyhoiesh , Mohammed T. Alotaibi
We present a new study on the design, discovery and space generation of carbon selenide based photovoltaic (PV) materials. By extending acceptors and leveraging density functional theory (DFT) and machine learning (ML) analysis, we discover new QDs with remarkable PV properties. We employ various ML models, to correlate the exciton binding energy (Eb) of 938 relevant compounds from literature with their molecular descriptors of structural features that influence their performance. Our study demonstrates the potential of ML approaches in streamlining the design and discovery of high-efficiency PV materials. Also the RDKit computed molecular descriptors correlates with PV parameters revealed maximum absorption (λmax) ranges of 509–531 nm, light harvesting efficiency (LHE) above 92 %, Open Circuit Voltage (Voc) of 0.22–0.45 V, and short Circuit (Jsc) currents of 37.92–42.75 mA/cm2. Their Predicted Power Conversion Efficiencies (PCE) using the Scharber method reaches upto 09–13 %. This study can pave the way for molecular descriptor-based design of new PV materials, promising a paradigm shift in the development of high-efficiency solar energy conversion technologies.
我们对基于硒化碳的光伏（PV）材料的设计、发现和空间生成进行了一项新的研究。通过扩展受体并利用密度泛函理论（DFT）和机器学习（ML）分析，我们发现了具有显著光伏特性的新型 QDs。我们采用各种 ML 模型，将文献中 938 种相关化合物的激子结合能 (Eb) 与影响其性能的分子结构特征描述相关联。我们的研究证明了 ML 方法在简化设计和发现高效光伏材料方面的潜力。此外，RDKit 计算出的分子描述符与光伏参数的相关性显示，最大吸收（λmax）范围为 509-531 nm，光收集效率（LHE）高于 92%，开路电压（Voc）为 0.22-0.45 V，短路电流（Jsc）为 37.92-42.75 mA/cm2。利用夏伯法预测的功率转换效率（PCE）高达 09-13%。这项研究为基于分子描述符设计新型光伏材料铺平了道路，有望推动高效太阳能转换技术的发展模式转变。
{"title":"Evaluating the electronic and structural basis of carbon selenide-based quantum dots as photovoltaic design materials: A DFT and ML analysis","authors":"Afaf M. Kadhum , Azal S. Waheeb , Masar A. Awad , Abrar U. Hassan , Sajjad H. Sumrra , Cihat Güleryüz , Ayesha Mohyuddin , Sadaf Noreen , Hussein A.K. Kyhoiesh , Mohammed T. Alotaibi","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a new study on the design, discovery and space generation of carbon selenide based photovoltaic (PV) materials. By extending acceptors and leveraging density functional theory (DFT) and machine learning (ML) analysis, we discover new QDs with remarkable PV properties. We employ various ML models, to correlate the exciton binding energy (E<sub>b</sub>) of 938 relevant compounds from literature with their molecular descriptors of structural features that influence their performance. Our study demonstrates the potential of ML approaches in streamlining the design and discovery of high-efficiency PV materials. Also the RDKit computed molecular descriptors correlates with PV parameters revealed maximum absorption (λ<sub>max</sub>) ranges of 509–531 nm, light harvesting efficiency (LHE) above 92 %, Open Circuit Voltage (V<sub>oc</sub>) of 0.22–0.45 V, and short Circuit (J<sub>sc</sub>) currents of 37.92–42.75 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>. Their Predicted Power Conversion Efficiencies (PCE) using the Scharber method reaches upto 09–13 %. This study can pave the way for molecular descriptor-based design of new PV materials, promising a paradigm shift in the development of high-efficiency solar energy conversion technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"284 ","pages":"Article 113068"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-02DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.113061
Jiangbo Wang , Liangcai Zeng , Sheng Yu , Yuting He
To address the non-uniform heat flux density characteristics of parabolic trough solar collectors (PTSCs), an innovative insert (composed of vortex generator, VG) layout scheme is introduced in this study. Under turbulent conditions, an analysis is conducted on the thermal performance of three different placement strategies (uniform distribution, UD, directional distribution-1, DD-1, and directional distribution-2, DD-2), including the calculation of Nusselt numbers, drag coefficients, and thermal enhancement factors. The results indicate that VG can induce paired vortices, and the position, intensity, and quantity of vortices are closely related to the shape of VG. Based on the direction of vortex flow, the flow field is divided into collision area (CA) and pushing area (PA). In the CA, vortices collide with each other, consuming turbulent energy and reducing local heat transfer efficiency. In the PA, the direction of vortice motion is opposite, which can achieve efficient local heat efficiency. In the three VG cases, the DD-2 configuration can induce non-uniformly distributed high-intensity mixed vortices and further achieve the demand for heat transfer enhancement in the area of high heat flux density through the ejection and sweeping movements of these vortices. In all investigations, DD-2 configuration can achieve an improvement in heat transfer rate ranging from 1.5 to 2.12. In terms of heat transfer performance (), the ψ value of DD-2 is 1.37 at N = 4 and Re = 20,000. Besides, the thermal performance of the tube with insert is analyzed through entropy generation.
针对抛物面槽式太阳能集热器（PTSC）热通量密度不均匀的特点，本研究引入了一种创新的插入式（由涡流发生器组成，VG）布置方案。在湍流条件下，对三种不同布置策略（均匀分布，UD；定向分布-1，DD-1；定向分布-2，DD-2）的热性能进行了分析，包括努塞尔特数、阻力系数和热增强因子的计算。结果表明，VG 可诱发成对涡流，涡流的位置、强度和数量与 VG 的形状密切相关。根据涡流的流动方向，流场被分为碰撞区（CA）和推动区（PA）。在碰撞区，涡流相互碰撞，消耗湍流能量，降低局部传热效率。而在 PA 区，涡流运动方向相反，可以实现高效的局部热效率。在三种 VG 情况下，DD-2 配置可诱导非均匀分布的高强度混合涡流，并通过这些涡流的喷射和横扫运动进一步实现高热流密度区域的传热增强需求。在所有研究中，DD-2 配置可实现 1.5 至 2.12 的传热率改进。就传热性能（ψ）而言，在 N = 4 和 Re = 20,000 条件下，DD-2 的ψ值为 1.37。此外，我们还通过熵的产生分析了带内衬管的热性能。
{"title":"Effects of insert design and optimization on the performance of parabolic trough receivers with inserted absorbers","authors":"Jiangbo Wang , Liangcai Zeng , Sheng Yu , Yuting He","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the non-uniform heat flux density characteristics of parabolic trough solar collectors (PTSCs), an innovative insert (composed of vortex generator, VG) layout scheme is introduced in this study. Under turbulent conditions, an analysis is conducted on the thermal performance of three different placement strategies (uniform distribution, UD, directional distribution-1, DD-1, and directional distribution-2, DD-2), including the calculation of Nusselt numbers, drag coefficients, and thermal enhancement factors. The results indicate that VG can induce paired vortices, and the position, intensity, and quantity of vortices are closely related to the shape of VG. Based on the direction of vortex flow, the flow field is divided into collision area (CA) and pushing area (PA). In the CA, vortices collide with each other, consuming turbulent energy and reducing local heat transfer efficiency. In the PA, the direction of vortice motion is opposite, which can achieve efficient local heat efficiency. In the three VG cases, the DD-2 configuration can induce non-uniformly distributed high-intensity mixed vortices and further achieve the demand for heat transfer enhancement in the area of high heat flux density through the ejection and sweeping movements of these vortices. In all investigations, DD-2 configuration can achieve an improvement in heat transfer rate ranging from 1.5 to 2.12. In terms of heat transfer performance (<span><math><mi>ψ</mi></math></span>), the ψ value of DD-2 is 1.37 at N = 4 and Re = 20,000. Besides, the thermal performance of the tube with insert is analyzed through entropy generation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"284 ","pages":"Article 113061"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142573550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current study conducts energy and exergy analyses on an innovative hybrid perforated photovoltaic/solar air heater (PV/SAH) using passive and active methods to improve thermal and electrical efficiencies. Since increasing PVs’ temperature reduces their electrical efficiency, various techniques have been employed to handle this problem, employing effective cooling strategies. This study uses an experimental approach to analyze two cooling strategies: encapsulated phase change material (PCM) units as a passive method and forced-convection mechanism as an active method. Two scenarios were considered: hybrid PV/SAH with and without encapsulated PCM units at two mass flow rates of 0.05 kg/s and 0.07 kg/s. The results illustrate that the encapsulated PCM reduced the PV and outlet temperatures by 2 °C and 4 °C, and 3 °C and 1.5 °C at the mass flow rates of 0.05 kg/s and 0.07 kg/s, respectively. The lower the outlet temperature, the lower the thermal efficiency. Hence, using the PCM units decreased the thermal efficiency but improved the electrical efficiency. The PCM units caused a reduction in daily overall energy efficiency by 12.41 % and 8.36 % at the mass flow rates of 0.05 kg/s and 0.07 kg/s due to reducing thermal efficiency. Unlike the energy efficiency, the PCM units improved the daily overall exergy efficiency by 6.28 % and 8.71 % at the mass flow rates considered. Hence, using passive and active methods is a robust technique to improve the hybrid systems’ performance.
{"title":"Study on energy and exergy performance of a new hybrid perforated photovoltaic/solar air heater integrated with encapsulated phase change materials: An experimental study","authors":"Hadi Farzan , Mojtaba Mahmoudi , Omid Moradnejad , Forouzesh Rafiei Rezvani","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current study conducts energy and exergy analyses on an innovative hybrid perforated photovoltaic/solar air heater (PV/SAH) using passive and active methods to improve thermal and electrical efficiencies. Since increasing PVs’ temperature reduces their electrical efficiency, various techniques have been employed to handle this problem, employing effective cooling strategies. This study uses an experimental approach to analyze two cooling strategies: encapsulated phase change material (PCM) units as a passive method and forced-convection mechanism as an active method. Two scenarios were considered: hybrid PV/SAH with and without encapsulated PCM units at two mass flow rates of 0.05 kg/s and 0.07 kg/s. The results illustrate that the encapsulated PCM reduced the PV and outlet temperatures by 2 °C and 4 °C, and 3 °C and 1.5 °C at the mass flow rates of 0.05 kg/s and 0.07 kg/s, respectively. The lower the outlet temperature, the lower the thermal efficiency. Hence, using the PCM units decreased the thermal efficiency but improved the electrical efficiency. The PCM units caused a reduction in daily overall energy efficiency by 12.41 % and 8.36 % at the mass flow rates of 0.05 kg/s and 0.07 kg/s due to reducing thermal efficiency. Unlike the energy efficiency, the PCM units improved the daily overall exergy efficiency by 6.28 % and 8.71 % at the mass flow rates considered. Hence, using passive and active methods is a robust technique to improve the hybrid systems’ performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"284 ","pages":"Article 113062"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142573551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-02DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.113037
Welmoed Veurman , Jonas Kern , Leon Pflüger , Hannes Wagner-Mohnsen , Matthias Müller , Pietro P. Altermatt , ZhaoYu Lou , Martin Stolterfoht , Felix Haase , Sarah Kajari-Schröder , Robby Peibst
In perovskite solar cells, a hysteresis of the current–voltage curve is often observed and is usually attributed to moving ions. However, our device modelling forecasts that it can also be explained, at least in part, by the occupation behaviour of slow-shallow trap states in the perovskite material. A difference between the ionic and trap interpretation arises in the illumination dependence of the hysteresis. Under the assumption of slow-shallow trap states, our simulations show that a diffusion capacitive effect should be observed at high scanning rates (> 100 V/s) and low light intensities (< 0.01 sun). This effect does not appear when assuming a device model with moving ion vacancies. This offers an opportunity for experimentally distinguishing between the two explanatory models and to quantify the relative contributions to hysteresis from ion vacancies and traps, respectively.
{"title":"Deciphering hysteresis in perovskite solar cells: Insights from device simulations distinguishing shallow traps from mobile ions","authors":"Welmoed Veurman , Jonas Kern , Leon Pflüger , Hannes Wagner-Mohnsen , Matthias Müller , Pietro P. Altermatt , ZhaoYu Lou , Martin Stolterfoht , Felix Haase , Sarah Kajari-Schröder , Robby Peibst","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In perovskite solar cells, a hysteresis of the current–voltage curve is often observed and is usually attributed to moving ions. However, our device modelling forecasts that it can also be explained, at least in part, by the occupation behaviour of slow-shallow trap states in the perovskite material. A difference between the ionic and trap interpretation arises in the illumination dependence of the hysteresis. Under the assumption of slow-shallow trap states, our simulations show that a diffusion capacitive effect should be observed at high scanning rates (> 100 V/s) and low light intensities (< 0.01 sun). This effect does not appear when assuming a device model with moving ion vacancies. This offers an opportunity for experimentally distinguishing between the two explanatory models and to quantify the relative contributions to hysteresis from ion vacancies and traps, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"284 ","pages":"Article 113037"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142573549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Indoor photovoltaics has received much attention in recent years mainly because of significances in human daily life for small scale device applications such as Internet of Things (IoT), remote sensors, actuators, and communication devices. Among various generations of photovoltaics, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are found to be best suitable for indoor applications due to their easy to fabricate both on glass and flexible substrate, low-cost process and dispenses efficient power conversion efficiencies. PSCs have crossed the device efficiency of 25 % under AM 1.5G conditions and crossed the power conversion efficiency of 40 % under low-light/artificial light conditions. Therefore, there will be lot of attention on indoor perovskite photovoltaics (iPPV) in recent times towards many small device applications. The main focus of the review is to discuss recent developments in iPPVs for lead and lead-free perovskites, challenges, future direction and market opportunities.
近年来，室内光伏技术备受关注，这主要是因为它在人类日常生活中的小型设备应用中具有重要意义，如物联网（IoT）、远程传感器、执行器和通信设备。在各代光伏产品中，过氧化物太阳能电池（PSCs）因其易于在玻璃和柔性基板上制造、工艺成本低以及高效的功率转换效率而被认为最适合室内应用。在 AM 1.5G 条件下，PSC 的器件效率已超过 25%，在弱光/人造光条件下，其功率转换效率已超过 40%。因此，近来室内包晶光伏（iPPV）在许多小型设备应用中受到广泛关注。本综述的重点是讨论有铅和无铅包晶的 iPPV 的最新发展、挑战、未来方向和市场机遇。
{"title":"Recent progress on perovskite based indoor photovoltaics: Challenges and commercialization","authors":"Priti Kumari , Seelam Prasanthkumar , Lingamallu Giribabu","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113049","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113049","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Indoor photovoltaics has received much attention in recent years mainly because of significances in human daily life for small scale device applications such as Internet of Things (IoT), remote sensors, actuators, and communication devices. Among various generations of photovoltaics, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are found to be best suitable for indoor applications due to their easy to fabricate both on glass and flexible substrate, low-cost process and dispenses efficient power conversion efficiencies. PSCs have crossed the device efficiency of 25 % under AM 1.5G conditions and crossed the power conversion efficiency of 40 % under low-light/artificial light conditions. Therefore, there will be lot of attention on indoor perovskite photovoltaics (iPPV) in recent times towards many small device applications. The main focus of the review is to discuss recent developments in iPPVs for lead and lead-free perovskites, challenges, future direction and market opportunities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"284 ","pages":"Article 113049"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142573502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-02DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.113060
Mamdouh I. Elamy , Fadl A. Essa , Suha A. Mohammed , Wissam H. Alawee , Ali Basem , A.S. Abdullah , Hasan Sh. Majdi , Hayder A. Dhahad , Z.M. Omara , Y. Gamiel
This study addresses the challenge of enhancing the spherical solar still (SPSS) performance by introducing a modified cords wick spherical solar still (CWSPSS) design. This design incorporates an additional absorber inside the SPSS with 25 wick cords attached to the upper absorber. The research also investigates the impact of installing square barriers at the base of the CWSPSS, both with and without mirrors. Furthermore, the impact of using a fan with an exterior condenser and nanoparticle-enhanced Phase Change Materials (PCM) was tested. The findings indicated that the production of the CWSPSS with baffles and reflectors increased by 165 % and 205 %, respectively. Additionally, the productivity of the CWSPSS with PCM and fan was enhanced by 243 % and 259 %, respectively. The highest efficiency achieved was 67.5 % for the CWSPSS with a fan. Ultimately, the findings demonstrate a significant 50 % reduction in production costs, positioning this innovative design as a promising solution for cost-effective freshwater production where there is plenty of sea water.
{"title":"Enhancing spherical solar still thermal performance with built-in baffles, reflectors, and nanoparticle phase change material","authors":"Mamdouh I. Elamy , Fadl A. Essa , Suha A. Mohammed , Wissam H. Alawee , Ali Basem , A.S. Abdullah , Hasan Sh. Majdi , Hayder A. Dhahad , Z.M. Omara , Y. Gamiel","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study addresses the challenge of enhancing the spherical solar still (SPSS) performance by introducing a modified cords wick spherical solar still (CWSPSS) design. This design incorporates an additional absorber inside the SPSS with 25 wick cords attached to the upper absorber. The research also investigates the impact of installing square barriers at the base of the CWSPSS, both with and without mirrors. Furthermore, the impact of using a fan with an exterior condenser and nanoparticle-enhanced Phase Change Materials (PCM) was tested. The findings indicated that the production of the CWSPSS with baffles and reflectors increased by 165 % and 205 %, respectively. Additionally, the productivity of the CWSPSS with PCM and fan was enhanced by 243 % and 259 %, respectively. The highest efficiency achieved was 67.5 % for the CWSPSS with a fan. Ultimately, the findings demonstrate a significant 50 % reduction in production costs, positioning this innovative design as a promising solution for cost-effective freshwater production where there is plenty of sea water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"284 ","pages":"Article 113060"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142573552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.113048
Mohammed Benali Kanoun , Mousaab Belarbi , Souraya Goumri-Said
The performance of perovskite solar cells heavily relies on the optoelectronic characteristics of the electron transport layer (ETL). In this study, we use the first-principles methods, based on hybrid density functional theory with spin–orbit coupling, to examine the structural, electronic, and optical properties of Zn2SnO4 as promising candidate for the ETL in perovskite solar cells. Within the scope of structural properties, the lattice constants, bond lengths, and energy of formation are computed, showing a stable prototype structure. Our analysis of the electronic structures demonstrates that Zn2SnO4 has a wide direct band gap, which promotes efficient carrier extraction and correlates well with experimental measurements. Furthermore, the effective masses, dielectric constant, absorption coefficient, and exciton binding energy are studied. Additionally, we examine the photovoltaic efficiency of single-junction solar cells utilizing Zn2SnO4 as ETL in a standard planar device structure. The optimal cell efficiency obtained from the numerical simulation for the FTO/Zn2SnO4/Perovskite/Spiro-MeOTAD/Au configuration is determined to be ∼32.85 %. Furthermore, we conduct a comparative analysis of the performance of perovskite solar cell device with SnO2 ETL. Our findings reveal that Zn2SnO4 exhibits superior cell efficiency compared to its SnO2 counterpart. These results align well with previously reported experimental observations and underscore the efficacy of combining first-principles calculations with conventional device simulations for evaluating perovskite solar cell performance reliably.
{"title":"Inorganic Zn2SnO4 electron transport layer in single-junction perovskite solar cells achieving highly efficient performance exceeding 32.85 %","authors":"Mohammed Benali Kanoun , Mousaab Belarbi , Souraya Goumri-Said","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The performance of perovskite solar cells heavily relies on the optoelectronic characteristics of the electron transport layer (ETL). In this study, we use the first-principles methods, based on hybrid density functional theory with spin–orbit coupling, to examine the structural, electronic, and optical properties of Zn<sub>2</sub>SnO<sub>4</sub> as promising candidate for the ETL in perovskite solar cells. Within the scope of structural properties, the lattice constants, bond lengths, and energy of formation are computed, showing a stable prototype structure. Our analysis of the electronic structures demonstrates that Zn<sub>2</sub>SnO<sub>4</sub> has a wide direct band gap, which promotes efficient carrier extraction and correlates well with experimental measurements. Furthermore, the effective masses, dielectric constant, absorption coefficient, and exciton binding energy are studied. Additionally, we examine the photovoltaic efficiency of single-junction solar cells utilizing Zn<sub>2</sub>SnO<sub>4</sub> as ETL in a standard planar device structure. The optimal cell efficiency obtained from the numerical simulation for the FTO/Zn<sub>2</sub>SnO<sub>4</sub>/Perovskite/Spiro-MeOTAD/Au configuration is determined to be ∼32.85 %. Furthermore, we conduct a comparative analysis of the performance of perovskite solar cell device with SnO<sub>2</sub> ETL. Our findings reveal that Zn<sub>2</sub>SnO<sub>4</sub> exhibits superior cell efficiency compared to its SnO<sub>2</sub> counterpart. These results align well with previously reported experimental observations and underscore the efficacy of combining first-principles calculations with conventional device simulations for evaluating perovskite solar cell performance reliably.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"284 ","pages":"Article 113048"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142573503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-31DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.113047
S. Rajesh , S. Sekar , S.D. Sekar , S. Madhankumar
In this study, ivy gourd (Coccinia grandis) was subjected to various drying processes, including Open Sun Drying (OSD) and Greenhouse Dryer (GD), using different glazing materials such as Ultraviolet Polyethylene (UVP) and Drip Lock (DL) sheets in both passive and active modes. The dryer’s performance was assessed based on drying kinetics, energy, statistical, economic, and proximate analysis. In active mode, the DL sheet GD (DLGD) significantly reduced the moisture content of ivy gourd from 92.8 % to 10 % within 5 days, outperforming the UVP sheet GD (UVPGD), which required 6 days. In passive mode, the DLGD and UVPGD achieved the same result in 7 and 8 days, respectively, while OSD required 9 days for comparable moisture reduction. The dryer efficiency for UVPGD was 27.07 % in passive mode and 36.09 % in active mode. In contrast, the DLGD exhibited higher efficiencies of 30.93 % in passive mode and 43.31 % in active mode. Eleven mathematical models were considered to characterize the drying process of ivy gourd, with the two-term exponential model being the best fit for UVPGD and DLGD in active mode. The Prakash and Kumar model was found to be optimal for UVPGD and DLGD in passive mode. Economic analysis demonstrated that UVPGD in passive mode had the lowest capital cost and a payback period of 0.2985 years, whereas DLGD in active mode maintained payback periods below 0.5 years, indicating rapid cost recovery. Proximate analysis revealed that DLGD in active mode retained more carbohydrates, with percentages 8.3 %, 3.94 %, 3.29 %, and 2.17 % higher than OSD, UVPGD in passive mode, UVPGD in active mode, and DLGD in passive mode, respectively. Calcium retention was greater in active mode, while Vitamin C retention was higher in passive mode. The study identifies DLGD as the top performer across all modes, making it a recommended choice for commercial drying applications.
{"title":"Drying kinetics, energy, statistical, economic, and proximate analysis of a greenhouse dryer using different glazing materials for Coccinia grandis drying","authors":"S. Rajesh , S. Sekar , S.D. Sekar , S. Madhankumar","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, ivy gourd (<em>Coccinia grandis</em>) was subjected to various drying processes, including Open Sun Drying (OSD) and Greenhouse Dryer (GD), using different glazing materials such as Ultraviolet Polyethylene (UVP) and Drip Lock (DL) sheets in both passive and active modes. The dryer’s performance was assessed based on drying kinetics, energy, statistical, economic, and proximate analysis. In active mode, the DL sheet GD (DLGD) significantly reduced the moisture content of ivy gourd from 92.8 % to 10 % within 5 days, outperforming the UVP sheet GD (UVPGD), which required 6 days. In passive mode, the DLGD and UVPGD achieved the same result in 7 and 8 days, respectively, while OSD required 9 days for comparable moisture reduction. The dryer efficiency for UVPGD was 27.07 % in passive mode and 36.09 % in active mode. In contrast, the DLGD exhibited higher efficiencies of 30.93 % in passive mode and 43.31 % in active mode. Eleven mathematical models were considered to characterize the drying process of ivy gourd, with the two-term exponential model being the best fit for UVPGD and DLGD in active mode. The Prakash and Kumar model was found to be optimal for UVPGD and DLGD in passive mode. Economic analysis demonstrated that UVPGD in passive mode had the lowest capital cost and a payback period of 0.2985 years, whereas DLGD in active mode maintained payback periods below 0.5 years, indicating rapid cost recovery. Proximate analysis revealed that DLGD in active mode retained more carbohydrates, with percentages 8.3 %, 3.94 %, 3.29 %, and 2.17 % higher than OSD, UVPGD in passive mode, UVPGD in active mode, and DLGD in passive mode, respectively. Calcium retention was greater in active mode, while Vitamin C retention was higher in passive mode. The study identifies DLGD as the top performer across all modes, making it a recommended choice for commercial drying applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"284 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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