Pub Date : 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.113036
Yogesh D. Kokate , Prasad R. Baviskar , Sanjeev D. Suryawanshi
To preserve the world’s food resources, drying agricultural products is crucial for prolonging their shelf life. A novel concept of 1.5 m hemispherical solar dryer surmounts the limitations of conventional dryers like long drying time, solar tracking, large space requirement etc. Trials were performed on Thomson grapes to convert into raisins. For the purpose of fair accuracy in comparison, experiments were conducted on hemispherical solar dryer (active and passive mode), traditional cabinet solar dryer as well as open sun drying (OSD) by maintaining the uniform test conditions. An average moisture removal rate of 0.1935096 kg/h was obtained in hemispherical dryer. The hemispherical solar dryer significantly reduced drying time for converging grapes into raisins to 13 days, compared to 18 days in a cabinet solar dryer and 19 days with OSD. The hemispherical dryer, through a gap, creates a greenhouse effect, reaching a 70.1 °C maximum temperature and an average of 60.7 °C at 796 W/m2 average solar energy. The hemispherical dryer attained a drying efficiency of 5.67 %. Six mathematical models were employed for hemispherical and cabinet dryers. Amongst these Two term and Wang & Singh models were found suitable for the experimental data and provided precise prediction of moisture ratio.
为了保护世界粮食资源，干燥农产品对于延长其保质期至关重要。1.5 米半球形太阳能干燥器的新概念克服了传统干燥器的局限性，如干燥时间长、太阳能跟踪、空间要求大等。对汤姆森葡萄进行了试验，以便将其转化为葡萄干。为了进行公平准确的比较，在保持试验条件一致的情况下，对半球形太阳能干燥器（主动和被动模式）、传统柜式太阳能干燥器以及露天阳光干燥（OSD）进行了试验。半球形太阳能干燥器的平均水分去除率为 0.1935096 kg/h。与柜式太阳能干燥器的 18 天和 OSD 的 19 天相比，半球形太阳能干燥器大大缩短了将葡萄转化为葡萄干的干燥时间，仅为 13 天。半球形干燥器通过缝隙产生温室效应，最高温度达到 70.1 °C，在平均 796 瓦/平方米的太阳能条件下，平均温度为 60.7 °C。半球形干燥器的干燥效率为 5.67%。半球形和柜式干燥机采用了六个数学模型。其中，Two term 和 Wang & Singh 模型适用于实验数据，并能精确预测水分比率。
{"title":"Performance investigation of newly developed novel hemispherical solar dryer for sustainable food preservation: Comparative analysis with traditional methods","authors":"Yogesh D. Kokate , Prasad R. Baviskar , Sanjeev D. Suryawanshi","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To preserve the world’s food resources, drying agricultural products is crucial for prolonging their shelf life. A novel concept of 1.5 m hemispherical solar dryer surmounts the limitations of conventional dryers like long drying time, solar tracking, large space requirement etc. Trials were performed on Thomson grapes to convert into raisins. For the purpose of fair accuracy in comparison, experiments were conducted on hemispherical solar dryer (active and passive mode), traditional cabinet solar dryer as well as open sun drying (OSD) by maintaining the uniform test conditions. An average moisture removal rate of 0.1935096 kg/h was obtained in hemispherical dryer. The hemispherical solar dryer significantly reduced drying time for converging grapes into raisins to 13 days, compared to 18 days in a cabinet solar dryer and 19 days with OSD. The hemispherical dryer, through a gap, creates a greenhouse effect, reaching a 70.1 °C maximum temperature and an average of 60.7 °C at 796 W/m2 average solar energy. The hemispherical dryer attained a drying efficiency of 5.67 %. Six mathematical models were employed for hemispherical and cabinet dryers. Amongst these Two term and Wang & Singh models were found suitable for the experimental data and provided precise prediction of moisture ratio.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 113036"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.113013
Santi Apriani , Rizki A. Mangkuto , Adhitya Gandaryus Saputro , Edward C. Chow
Agrivoltaic systems with conventional PV panels may cause a shading effect to the plants, particularly in the tropical region where the sun position around noon is always near the zenith. Agrivoltaic systems that can ensure sufficient and even lighting, such as the semi-transparent PV (STPV) module, are thus promising. However, simulation and optimisation studies in application of such system in the tropics are still rarely found in literature. This study therefore aims to predict and optimise the annual performance of an agrivoltaic system with STPV module, for the case of a tropical location. Modelling and simulation were conducted in Rhinoceros, considering various module heights, tilt angles, and orientations, to predict the photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD). To determine the optimum PV module configuration, weighting factors were given to the annual average illuminance, uniformity, illuminance reduction due to shading, and energy yield. Monte Carlo simulation was run by assigning random numbers to each weighting factor. The design configuration that occurs optimum the most often was deemed the global optimum solution. Experiments were also carried out with bok choy (Brassica rapa) plants to observe the impact on the plant growth. Based on simulation, the optimum performance is achieved by the STPV module at 3 m high, 20° tilt angle, facing north. Based on experiments, the plant growths under the STPV and under no PV modules are not significantly different. Overall, this study provides a foundation for large-scale application and optimisation of agrivoltaic systems with STPV configuration.
{"title":"Performance prediction and optimisation of even-lighting agrivoltaic systems with semi-transparent PV module in the tropical region","authors":"Santi Apriani , Rizki A. Mangkuto , Adhitya Gandaryus Saputro , Edward C. Chow","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agrivoltaic systems with conventional PV panels may cause a shading effect to the plants, particularly in the tropical region where the sun position around noon is always near the zenith. Agrivoltaic systems that can ensure sufficient and even lighting, such as the semi-transparent PV (STPV) module, are thus promising. However, simulation and optimisation studies in application of such system in the tropics are still rarely found in literature. This study therefore aims to predict and optimise the annual performance of an agrivoltaic system with STPV module, for the case of a tropical location. Modelling and simulation were conducted in <em>Rhinoceros</em>, considering various module heights, tilt angles, and orientations, to predict the photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD). To determine the optimum PV module configuration, weighting factors were given to the annual average illuminance, uniformity, illuminance reduction due to shading, and energy yield. Monte Carlo simulation was run by assigning random numbers to each weighting factor. The design configuration that occurs optimum the most often was deemed the global optimum solution. Experiments were also carried out with bok choy (<em>Brassica rapa</em>) plants to observe the impact on the plant growth. Based on simulation, the optimum performance is achieved by the STPV module at 3 m high, 20° tilt angle, facing north. Based on experiments, the plant growths under the STPV and under no PV modules are not significantly different. Overall, this study provides a foundation for large-scale application and optimisation of agrivoltaic systems with STPV configuration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 113013"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The electrical performance of a dense array concentrating photovoltaics (CPV) receiver is reduced by the increase of average temperature, and by a non-uniform temperature map due to a non-uniform illumination profile. This can be reversed by an effective cooling system that allows the CPV cells to operate at nominal temperatures, as well as by optimal cell control at electrical level. An analysis that considers the interdependence between thermal and electrical behavior is essential for obtaining realistic performance results. Hence, this study presents a methodology for analyzing the performance of a CPV receiver controlled with DC-DC converters which considers the interaction between thermal and electrical behavior. The methodology allows to optimize the design of a novel jet impingement cooling system used in the receiver. Additionally, the efficiency of three different sizes of CPV receivers cooled by two technologies, microchannels and jet impingement, are analyzed. The results show that maximum receiver efficiency did not coincide with the maximum heat extraction coefficient. The study confirmed that larger receiver sizes had lower efficiency due to the mismatch losses and resulted more efficient (0.6 %) using the proposed jet impingement cooling system compared to microchannels.
{"title":"Design methodology and performance analysis of a novel cooling system for dense array CPV receivers","authors":"Alicia Crespo , Desideri Regany , Jérôme Barrau , Joan Ignasi Rosell","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The electrical performance of a dense array concentrating photovoltaics (CPV) receiver is reduced by the increase of average temperature, and by a non-uniform temperature map due to a non-uniform illumination profile. This can be reversed by an effective cooling system that allows the CPV cells to operate at nominal temperatures, as well as by optimal cell control at electrical level. An analysis that considers the interdependence between thermal and electrical behavior is essential for obtaining realistic performance results. Hence, this study presents a methodology for analyzing the performance of a CPV receiver controlled with DC-DC converters which considers the interaction between thermal and electrical behavior. The methodology allows to optimize the design of a novel jet impingement cooling system used in the receiver. Additionally, the efficiency of three different sizes of CPV receivers cooled by two technologies, microchannels and jet impingement, are analyzed. The results show that maximum receiver efficiency did not coincide with the maximum heat extraction coefficient. The study confirmed that larger receiver sizes had lower efficiency due to the mismatch losses and resulted more efficient (0.6 %) using the proposed jet impingement cooling system compared to microchannels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 113011"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-25DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.113030
Junhan Xu, Binghong Chen, Kunpeng Yuan, Jun Shu, Qiguo Yang
Ag@SiO2 nanofluid is widely used in spectral splitting PV/T system. Its core–shell structure has great influence on the optical properties. In this work, we focus on the comprehensive analysis and structure optimization of Ag@SiO2 nanofluid to achieve its optimal spectral performance. DDA method is used to predict the optical properties of Ag@SiO2 nanofluid and an optimization model based on filter efficiency is proposed. The effect of the SiO2 shell thickness and Ag core mass concentration is analyzed. It indicates that the spectral performance of Ag@SiO2 nanofluid can be improved with SiO2 shell thickness of 15–40 nm and Ag core mass concentration of 81–135 mg/L. To achieve the same theoretical merit function of 1.46, the usage of Ag mass can be reduced by 25/33/44/62 % with SiO2 coating of 10/20/40/70 nm. The optimal structure to achieve the highest filter efficiency η of 37.8 % is with a shell thickness of 20 nm and a mass concentration of 113.9 mg/L. An indoor PV/T operation testing is conducted to verify the optimization results. The merit function of Ag-based nanofluids increases from 1.58 to 1.598 and a reduction in Ag usage of 17 % is achieved with a SiO2 coating shell of 17.8 nm. Operation stability is also enhanced with no aggregation observed during the working cycle and 7-day static experiment.
{"title":"Optimization and performance assessment of Ag@SiO2 core–shell nanofluids for spectral splitting PV/T system: Theoretical and experiment analysis","authors":"Junhan Xu, Binghong Chen, Kunpeng Yuan, Jun Shu, Qiguo Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ag@SiO<sub>2</sub> nanofluid is widely used in spectral splitting PV/T system. Its core–shell structure has great influence on the optical properties. In this work, we focus on the comprehensive analysis and structure optimization of Ag@SiO<sub>2</sub> nanofluid to achieve its optimal spectral performance. DDA method is used to predict the optical properties of Ag@SiO<sub>2</sub> nanofluid and an optimization model based on filter efficiency is proposed. The effect of the SiO<sub>2</sub> shell thickness and Ag core mass concentration is analyzed. It indicates that the spectral performance of Ag@SiO<sub>2</sub> nanofluid can be improved with SiO<sub>2</sub> shell thickness of 15–40 nm and Ag core mass concentration of 81–135 mg/L. To achieve the same theoretical merit function of 1.46, the usage of Ag mass can be reduced by 25/33/44/62 % with SiO<sub>2</sub> coating of 10/20/40/70 nm. The optimal structure to achieve the highest filter efficiency η of 37.8 % is with a shell thickness of 20 nm and a mass concentration of 113.9 mg/L. An indoor PV/T operation testing is conducted to verify the optimization results. The merit function of Ag-based nanofluids increases from 1.58 to 1.598 and a reduction in Ag usage of 17 % is achieved with a SiO<sub>2</sub> coating shell of 17.8 nm. Operation stability is also enhanced with no aggregation observed during the working cycle and 7-day static experiment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 113030"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.112979
Linh Ho-Tran , Stephanie Fiedler
The share of renewable energy in Germany is increasing to meet the climate-neutral targets in 2050. Weather-driven anomalous in renewable power production thus can pose greater challenges in balancing electricity supply and demand. This study investigates the seasonal differences in extreme events in photovoltaic (PV) plus wind power production in Germany for installed capacities for the present and 2050. The results indicate an increase in such extreme events in the summer half-year, mostly pronounced in May. Extremely low production with a duration of 14 days in winter is associated with atmospheric blocking, with very low wind power production anomalies of up to −37%. Summertime extremely low production is associated with stationary cyclonic weather patterns, with similar reductions in both energy sources of up to −19%. Case studies illustrate the dependency of the benefits of cross-border electricity transmission lines on the prevailing wind direction. North–South transmission lines are beneficial when an anticyclone moved from the Northwest to Germany, whereas West-East transmission lines are beneficial when a cyclone moved from the Southwest to Germany. The results imply an increased risk of extremely low power production during future summers in Germany and suggest monitoring sequences of different weather patterns for the energy sector.
{"title":"More summertime low-power production extremes in Germany with a larger solar power share","authors":"Linh Ho-Tran , Stephanie Fiedler","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.112979","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.112979","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The share of renewable energy in Germany is increasing to meet the climate-neutral targets in 2050. Weather-driven anomalous in renewable power production thus can pose greater challenges in balancing electricity supply and demand. This study investigates the seasonal differences in extreme events in photovoltaic (PV) plus wind power production in Germany for installed capacities for the present and 2050. The results indicate an increase in such extreme events in the summer half-year, mostly pronounced in May. Extremely low production with a duration of 14 days in winter is associated with atmospheric blocking, with very low wind power production anomalies of up to −37%. Summertime extremely low production is associated with stationary cyclonic weather patterns, with similar reductions in both energy sources of up to −19%. Case studies illustrate the dependency of the benefits of cross-border electricity transmission lines on the prevailing wind direction. North–South transmission lines are beneficial when an anticyclone moved from the Northwest to Germany, whereas West-East transmission lines are beneficial when a cyclone moved from the Southwest to Germany. The results imply an increased risk of extremely low power production during future summers in Germany and suggest monitoring sequences of different weather patterns for the energy sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 112979"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-23DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.112996
Ibrahim I. El-Sharkawy , Mohamed G. Gado , Hamzeh Sabouni , Mahmoud M. Abd-Elhady , Ali Radwan , Ahmed G. Abo-Khalil , Belal Dawoud
Nowadays, atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) attracts great attention due to its potential to address water scarcity, especially in arid regions. A key component of adsorption-based atmospheric water harvesting is the adsorbent materials, which are porous materials characterized by high surface area and the ability to adsorb water vapor from the atmospheric air effectively. In this review article, a comprehensive overview of several adsorbent materials has been conducted, highlighting their inherent characteristics. Mainly, conventional adsorbents (silica gel and zeolite), hygroscopic salts, metal–organic frameworks, hydrogels, and composite adsorbents have been thoroughly discussed, along with their potential applications. Several AWH systems have also been presented. The review showed that the utilization of zeolite 13X under lower humidity levels is profoundly better; however, the vapor release entails elevated regeneration temperature. Moreover, MOF-801-P and MOF-841 showed appreciable performance based on material adsorption, recyclability, and water stability. Also, MCM-41 and Basolite A300 exhibited superior volumetric uptakes, notably at higher relative humidity (RH). MIL-101(Cr) has a remarkable adsorption uptake at high relative humidity. However, it is reported that MIL-101(Cr) could be used for low RH by shifting its step uptake using an internal cooling component. The review also indicated the main guidelines for selecting ideal adsorbents, highlighting the impacts of adsorption capacities, kinetics, regeneration, and climatic conditions on the proper selection of adsorbents for efficient AWH applications.
{"title":"Material characteristics and selection criteria for adsorption-based atmospheric water harvesting: An overview","authors":"Ibrahim I. El-Sharkawy , Mohamed G. Gado , Hamzeh Sabouni , Mahmoud M. Abd-Elhady , Ali Radwan , Ahmed G. Abo-Khalil , Belal Dawoud","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.112996","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.112996","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nowadays, atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) attracts great attention due to its potential to address water scarcity, especially in arid regions. A key component of adsorption-based atmospheric water harvesting is the adsorbent materials, which are porous materials characterized by high surface area and the ability to adsorb water vapor from the atmospheric air effectively. In this review article, a comprehensive overview of several adsorbent materials has been conducted, highlighting their inherent characteristics. Mainly, conventional adsorbents (silica gel and zeolite), hygroscopic salts, metal–organic frameworks, hydrogels, and composite adsorbents have been thoroughly discussed, along with their potential applications. Several AWH systems have also been presented. The review showed that the utilization of zeolite 13X under lower humidity levels is profoundly better; however, the vapor release entails elevated regeneration temperature. Moreover, MOF-801-P and MOF-841 showed appreciable performance based on material adsorption, recyclability, and water stability. Also, MCM-41 and Basolite A300 exhibited superior volumetric uptakes, notably at higher relative humidity (RH). MIL-101(Cr) has a remarkable adsorption uptake at high relative humidity. However, it is reported that MIL-101(Cr) could be used for low RH by shifting its step uptake using an internal cooling component. The review also indicated the main guidelines for selecting ideal adsorbents, highlighting the impacts of adsorption capacities, kinetics, regeneration, and climatic conditions on the proper selection of adsorbents for efficient AWH applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 112996"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-23DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.113033
Fadl A. Essa , Suha A. Mohammed , Ali Basem , Wissam H. Alawee , Mutabe Aljaghtham , A.S. Abdullah , Hasan Sh. Majdi , Abbas J. Sultan , Z.M. Omara , Y. Gamiel
The growing global water crisis, driven by population growth and dwindling freshwater resources, demands innovative solutions for sustainable desalination. While traditional solar still designs have been explored, their efficiency remains limited. This study introduces an advanced approach to solar distillation by integrating a modified pyramid solar still (MPSS) with two key innovations: a vertically positioned wick still (VWSS) and phase change material (PCM) enhanced with silver nanomaterials (PCM-Ag Nano). In addition, the design features two absorber plate configurations—flat and finned—coupled with emerging fins (EF) within the PCM unit to improve heat conductivity, addressing a common limitation in solar distillation systems. By incorporating PCM-Ag Nano and finned absorbers, the MPSS achieved significant improvements in desalination performance. The combined system of MPSS-FA-PCM-Ag-EF and VWSS produced a total distillate volume of 12,870 ml, representing a 154 % increase over a conventional pyramid solar still (PSS). Specifically, daily outputs of 9,270 ml, 5,050 ml, and 3,600 ml were recorded for MPSS, PSS, and VWSS, respectively. Furthermore, the enhanced MPSS configuration attained the highest thermal efficiency at 60.5 %, and the desalination cost was reduced to $0.0142/L, compared to $0.019/L for the PSS. These results underscore the potential of this novel MPSS design, which combines PCM-Ag Nano and VWSS, to deliver substantial improvements in freshwater production, thermal efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. This innovative system offers a promising alternative to traditional desalination techniques, contributing to the global effort to mitigate water scarcity.
{"title":"Maximizing desalination performance in pyramid distiller: Integration of vertical wick still and enhanced phase change material by nanoparticle and emerging fins","authors":"Fadl A. Essa , Suha A. Mohammed , Ali Basem , Wissam H. Alawee , Mutabe Aljaghtham , A.S. Abdullah , Hasan Sh. Majdi , Abbas J. Sultan , Z.M. Omara , Y. Gamiel","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing global water crisis, driven by population growth and dwindling freshwater resources, demands innovative solutions for sustainable desalination. While traditional solar still designs have been explored, their efficiency remains limited. This study introduces an advanced approach to solar distillation by integrating a modified pyramid solar still (MPSS) with two key innovations: a vertically positioned wick still (VWSS) and phase change material (PCM) enhanced with silver nanomaterials (PCM-Ag Nano). In addition, the design features two absorber plate configurations—flat and finned—coupled with emerging fins (EF) within the PCM unit to improve heat conductivity, addressing a common limitation in solar distillation systems. By incorporating PCM-Ag Nano and finned absorbers, the MPSS achieved significant improvements in desalination performance. The combined system of MPSS-FA-PCM-Ag-EF and VWSS produced a total distillate volume of 12,870 ml, representing a 154 % increase over a conventional pyramid solar still (PSS). Specifically, daily outputs of 9,270 ml, 5,050 ml, and 3,600 ml were recorded for MPSS, PSS, and VWSS, respectively. Furthermore, the enhanced MPSS configuration attained the highest thermal efficiency at 60.5 %, and the desalination cost was reduced to $0.0142/L, compared to $0.019/L for the PSS. These results underscore the potential of this novel MPSS design, which combines PCM-Ag Nano and VWSS, to deliver substantial improvements in freshwater production, thermal efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. This innovative system offers a promising alternative to traditional desalination techniques, contributing to the global effort to mitigate water scarcity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 113033"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-23DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.113023
Chen Yang, Senhong Cai, Zhonghua Gou
The complexity of urban form can have a significant impact on the utilization of solar energy. While numerous studies have examined the influence of urban form on solar potential, the optimization of solar energy use in cities located at high latitudes remains a challenging subject. In this study, we focus on the high-latitude city of Glasgow, using residential buildings in urban grid cells as our sample. We calculate solar potential and urban form indicators for these buildings using the Digimap database and the ArcGIS Pro platform. Employing eight machine learning algorithms, we analyze the data and extract eight key morphological indicators that affect the solar potential of urban grid cells. Among these indicators, we select four indicators—roof slope, building density, plot ratio, and building perimeter shape factor—for cluster analysis, enabling us to classify urban building forms into five types based on their characteristics and solar potential. Our calculations demonstrate that effective utilization of solar energy offers significant zero energy potential for Glasgow. The findings of this research can provide valuable guidance in the early stages of urban planning and design, assisting policymakers in rationalizing the use of solar energy resources for sustainable urban development. Furthermore, the results help urban stakeholders identify variations in the solar potential of different building forms, aiding them in selecting appropriate building types and zones to maximize solar energy utilization.
城市形态的复杂性会对太阳能的利用产生重大影响。虽然已有大量研究探讨了城市形态对太阳能潜力的影响，但在高纬度城市优化太阳能利用仍是一个具有挑战性的课题。在本研究中，我们以高纬度城市格拉斯哥为研究对象，以城市网格单元中的住宅建筑为样本。我们利用 Digimap 数据库和 ArcGIS Pro 平台计算了这些建筑的太阳能潜力和城市形态指标。我们采用八种机器学习算法对数据进行分析，提取出影响城市网格单元太阳能潜力的八个关键形态指标。在这些指标中，我们选取了屋顶坡度、建筑密度、容积率和建筑周边形状系数四个指标进行聚类分析，从而根据其特征和太阳能潜力将城市建筑形态划分为五种类型。我们的计算表明，有效利用太阳能为格拉斯哥提供了巨大的零能耗潜力。这项研究的结果可以为城市规划和设计的早期阶段提供有价值的指导，帮助决策者合理利用太阳能资源，实现城市的可持续发展。此外，研究结果还有助于城市利益相关者识别不同建筑形式的太阳能潜力差异，帮助他们选择合适的建筑类型和区域，最大限度地利用太阳能。
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Pub Date : 2024-10-23DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.113026
Yonghwan Lee, Nochang Park
In this work, we demonstrate a self-powered wireless PV module monitoring system that utilizes a thermoelectric generator (TEG) to convert residual thermal energy from the PV module into electrical power. We investigated the TEG performance with and without the heat sink. Results show that the temperature difference between the hot and cold sides of the TEG increased to 7.2 °C with the heat sink, compared to only 1 °C without it, at a hot side temperature of 50 °C. We integrated the TEG/heat sink with the PV module, which served as the heat source, achieving a maximum output power of 0.981 mW at a voltage of 0.06 V under a temperature gradient of 3.6 °C in a 1 sun condition. We successfully demonstrated a self-powered wireless PV monitoring sensor system by integrating a step-up voltage converter, microcontroller, IR thermometer, Bluetooth communication module, and the TEG/heat sink, which generated sufficient power for the monitoring system operation. The findings introduce a novel solution for wireless PV module monitoring that operates independently of grid connections or battery power. This innovation not only signifies advancements in renewable energy management but also opens new opportunities in the Internet of Things (IoT) sector.
{"title":"Self-powered wireless sensor system utilizing a thermoelectric generator for photovoltaic module monitoring application","authors":"Yonghwan Lee, Nochang Park","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, we demonstrate a self-powered wireless PV module monitoring system that utilizes a thermoelectric generator (TEG) to convert residual thermal energy from the PV module into electrical power. We investigated the TEG performance with and without the heat sink. Results show that the temperature difference between the hot and cold sides of the TEG increased to 7.2 °C with the heat sink, compared to only 1 °C without it, at a hot side temperature of 50 °C. We integrated the TEG/heat sink with the PV module, which served as the heat source, achieving a maximum output power of 0.981 mW at a voltage of 0.06 V under a temperature gradient of 3.6 °C in a 1 sun condition. We successfully demonstrated a self-powered wireless PV monitoring sensor system by integrating a step-up voltage converter, microcontroller, IR thermometer, Bluetooth communication module, and the TEG/heat sink, which generated sufficient power for the monitoring system operation. The findings introduce a novel solution for wireless PV module monitoring that operates independently of grid connections or battery power. This innovation not only signifies advancements in renewable energy management but also opens new opportunities in the Internet of Things (IoT) sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 113026"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-23DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.113019
Qiang Gao , Zhengzheng Xie , Xiaohong Shang , Sajjad Hussain , Jianjun Yang , Xianwei Fu , Ruifeng Zhou , Yaping Yan , Qiuye Li
Converting waste organic biomass into functional carbon materials is regarded as a sustainable development strategy to address environmental pollution and energy crisis. In this work, carbon/porous carbon nitride (PCN) composite photothermal catalysts were prepared via an in-situ method with urea and phragmites spikelets as raw materials for the solar-driven hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The biomass derived porous carbon, in close contact with PCN, not only acts as a charge transfer bridge facilitating the rapid separation and migration of photogenerated charges but also serves as a photothermal carrier to enhance the kinetic process of the photocatalytic reaction. Under simulated solar irradiation (AM 1.5 G), the optimal HER rate of the composite catalyst is 4.98 mmol g−1h−1, which is 2.1 times that of pure PCN. The physicochemical properties of the materials, including morphology, crystal structure, elemental composition and state, and energy band characteristics, were determined. Additionally, theoretical calculations were employed to explore the impact of biomass-derived porous carbon on the electronic structure and band structure of carbon nitride. This work not only broadens the range of raw materials for biomass-derived porous carbon but also provides a novel strategy for promoting photocatalytic HER through synergistic multifield effects, showing broad application prospects in the field of resource recovery and green catalysis.
将废弃有机生物质转化为功能性碳材料被认为是解决环境污染和能源危机的可持续发展战略。本研究以尿素和葭穗为原料，通过原位法制备了碳/多孔氮化碳（PCN）复合光热催化剂，用于太阳能驱动的氢进化反应（HER）。生物质衍生的多孔碳与 PCN 紧密接触，不仅可作为电荷转移桥，促进光生电荷的快速分离和迁移，还可作为光热载体，增强光催化反应的动力学过程。在模拟太阳辐照（AM 1.5 G）条件下，复合催化剂的最佳 HER 率为 4.98 mmol g-1h-1，是纯 PCN 的 2.1 倍。研究人员测定了材料的物理化学特性，包括形态、晶体结构、元素组成和状态以及能带特性。此外，还利用理论计算探讨了生物质衍生多孔碳对氮化碳电子结构和能带结构的影响。这项工作不仅拓宽了生物质衍生多孔碳的原材料范围，而且通过多场协同效应为促进光催化 HER 提供了一种新的策略，在资源回收和绿色催化领域展示了广阔的应用前景。
{"title":"In situ composite of biomass derived carbon/porous carbon nitride and its enhanced performance in solar-driven photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction","authors":"Qiang Gao , Zhengzheng Xie , Xiaohong Shang , Sajjad Hussain , Jianjun Yang , Xianwei Fu , Ruifeng Zhou , Yaping Yan , Qiuye Li","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Converting waste organic biomass into functional carbon materials is regarded as a sustainable development strategy to address environmental pollution and energy crisis. In this work, carbon/porous carbon nitride (PCN) composite photothermal catalysts were prepared via an in-situ method with urea and phragmites spikelets as raw materials for the solar-driven hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The biomass derived porous carbon, in close contact with PCN, not only acts as a charge transfer bridge facilitating the rapid separation and migration of photogenerated charges but also serves as a photothermal carrier to enhance the kinetic process of the photocatalytic reaction. Under simulated solar irradiation (AM 1.5 G), the optimal HER rate of the composite catalyst is 4.98 mmol g<sup>−1</sup>h<sup>−1</sup>, which is 2.1 times that of pure PCN. The physicochemical properties of the materials, including morphology, crystal structure, elemental composition and state, and energy band characteristics, were determined. Additionally, theoretical calculations were employed to explore the impact of biomass-derived porous carbon on the electronic structure and band structure of carbon nitride. This work not only broadens the range of raw materials for biomass-derived porous carbon but also provides a novel strategy for promoting photocatalytic HER through synergistic multifield effects, showing broad application prospects in the field of resource recovery and green catalysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 113019"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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