Solar Energy最新文献_第4页

Evaluating tracking bifacial solar PV based agrivoltaics system across the UK 评估英国各地基于农业光伏系统的跟踪式双面太阳能光伏发电系统

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.113102

Shanza Neda Hussain, Aritra Ghosh

The increasing competition of land for various purposes has led to the consideration of using it effectively while catering to energy and food security. This study investigates the integration of photovoltaics (PV) systems with farmlands that cultivate potatoes in the UK, analysing energy production and crop yields across eleven regions. Using PVsyst for solar simulations and DSSAT for crop modelling for various PV setups including both monofacial and bifacial systems in both fixed and tracking configurations were examined. This work revealed significant regional disparities in solar irradiance, temperature, and precipitation, impacting both electricity and agricultural output. This study indicates that tracking bifacial 440Wp systems (TB) generated an average of 24.6% more energy than static bifacial (SB) systems with the highest difference of 26.37% in Brighton but at the cost of reduced crop yields. The land equivalent ratio (LER) varies, with SB systems generally achieving higher values with the highest obtained value of 1.39 reflecting their balance between energy and crop production. Financial analysis demonstrates that same area tracking monofacial (SATM) configurations offer the highest internal rate of return (IRR) though there is a huge variation in the outcomes when comparing the lowest and highest there is a difference of 41.16%. The levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) was the lowest, with regions receiving more irradiance (Brighton) indicating the increased economic feasibility for the proposed system. This evaluation emphasizes the potential of agrivoltaics to optimise land use for dual purposes, promoting sustainable energy and food production while highlighting the importance of considering local climatic conditions and system design to utilise the benefits of agrivoltaics.

由于各种用途的土地竞争日益激烈，人们开始考虑在满足能源和粮食安全的同时有效利用土地。本研究调查了光伏（PV）系统与英国马铃薯种植农田的整合情况，分析了 11 个地区的能源生产和作物产量。使用 PVsyst 进行太阳能模拟，使用 DSSAT 进行作物建模，对各种光伏设置（包括固定和跟踪配置的单面和双面系统）进行了研究。这项工作揭示了太阳辐照度、温度和降水方面的显著地区差异，对电力和农业产出都产生了影响。研究表明，跟踪式双向 440Wp 系统（TB）比静态双向系统（SB）平均多发电 24.6%，其中布莱顿地区的差异最大，为 26.37%，但代价是作物减产。土地当量比（LER）各不相同，SB 系统的土地当量比通常较高，最高值为 1.39，反映了其在能源和作物产量之间的平衡。财务分析表明，同面积单面跟踪（SATM）配置的内部收益率（IRR）最高，但结果差异很大，最低和最高的内部收益率相差 41.16%。在辐照度（Brighton）较高的地区，平准化电力成本（LCOE）最低，这表明拟议系统的经济可行性更高。该评估强调了农业光伏技术在优化土地利用、促进可持续能源和粮食生产等双重目的方面的潜力，同时强调了考虑当地气候条件和系统设计以利用农业光伏技术优势的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing performance of Cu2ZnSn(S, Se)4 solar cells via non-uniform gradient and flat bands induced by Cd substitution 通过镉替代引起的非均匀梯度和平坦带提高 Cu2ZnSn（S，Se）4 太阳能电池的性能

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.113063

Mengge Li , Ding Ma , Chunkai Wang , Ting Wang , Bin Yao , Yongfeng Li , Zhanhui Ding , Yuting Sun , Xiaofei Sun , Yan Zhu , Ning Ding , Liyuan Shi

Severe carrier recombination at the back (Mo/CZTSSe) and front (CZTSSe/CdS) interfaces is one of the most important reasons hindering the development of open-circuit voltage (V_OC) and fill factor (FF) in Cu₂ZnSn(S, Se)₄ (CZTSSe) solar cells. In this study, we intentionally introduced a non-uniform distribution of Cd impurities into the middle of the absorber layer, designing and fabricating a CZTSSe solar cell with a non-uniform “V”-shaped graded bandgap structure. This structure is aimed at providing a favorable back electric field, reducing carrier recombination at the Mo/CZTSSe interface. The PCE of the CZTSSe solar cell improved from 8.88 % to 10.89 %, significantly enhancing FF and V_OC. Additionally, we utilized the solar cell simulation software SCAPS-1D to simulate the position of the minimum point in the V-shaped graded bandgap and combined this with experimental results to explore the effect of Cd doping location on the performance of CZTSSe solar cells. It’s worth noting that the non-uniform Cd-doped solar cell displayed exceptional stability, demonstrating an efficiency enhancement from 10.28 % to 10.94 % after being exposed to air for 30 days.

背面（Mo/CZTSSe）和正面（CZTSSe/CdS）界面严重的载流子重组是阻碍 Cu2ZnSn（S，Se）4（CZTSSe）太阳能电池开路电压（VOC）和填充因子（FF）发展的最重要原因之一。在这项研究中，我们有意在吸收层中间引入了非均匀分布的镉杂质，设计并制造了一种具有非均匀 "V "形梯度带隙结构的 CZTSSe 太阳能电池。这种结构旨在提供有利的背电场，减少钼/CZTSSe 界面的载流子重组。CZTSSe 太阳能电池的 PCE 从 8.88% 提高到 10.89%，显著提高了 FF 和 VOC。此外，我们还利用太阳能电池仿真软件 SCAPS-1D 模拟了 V 型分级带隙中最小点的位置，并结合实验结果探讨了掺镉位置对 CZTSSe 太阳能电池性能的影响。值得注意的是，非均匀掺杂镉的太阳能电池表现出了超强的稳定性，在暴露于空气中 30 天后，效率从 10.28% 提高到了 10.94%。

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引用次数: 0

Ultra-wideband solar absorber based on refractory metal titanium for high-performance photothermal conversion 基于难熔金属钛的高性能光热转换超宽带太阳能吸收器

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.113095

Shiyi Song , Yan Chen , Shanjun Chen , Zao Yi , Liping Fu

In recent years, metamaterial absorbers are widely used in solar energy harvesting and utilizations. Nevertheless, it is difficult to achieve simultaneously high absorption, insensitivity with a large angle of incidence, polarization independence and, highly efficient photothermal conversion over a wide range of wavelengths for existing solar energy absorbers. Herein, an ultra-wideband and high-performance solar perfect absorber for the spectral range of 200–5000 nm has been proposed. It consists of a Ti metal substrate, a Ti-Al₂O₃ pattern layer with etched square annular air cavity, and a Si₃N₄ dielectric layer surrounding the bottom of the pattern layer. Over the spectral range spanning from 200 to 5000 nm, the average absorbance is 97.7 %, and the minimum absorbance is above 91 %. In solar energy system, its total photothermal conversion efficiency is 90.9 % at 1000 K, with as much as 96.41 % of sunlight absorbed. The interactions between surface plasmon resonance (SPR), guided mode resonance (GMR), magnetic resonance (MR), and cavity resonance (CR) are responsible for excellent performance of the ultra-broadband absorber. Additionally, the absorber is not sensitive to wide angles of incidence and is polarization independent. More interestingly, large angle incidence at TE and TM polarizations has equally excellent performance. Besides, the absorber meets a certain tolerance for geometric manufacturing errors, allowing for low-cost practical manufacturing. The designed absorber is expected to be applied to solar cells and thermo-photovoltaic devices.

近年来，超材料吸收体被广泛应用于太阳能收集和利用领域。然而，现有的太阳能吸收器很难同时实现高吸收、大入射角不敏感、偏振无关以及宽波长范围内的高效光热转换。在此，我们提出了一种光谱范围为 200-5000 纳米的超宽带、高性能太阳能完美吸收器。它由钛金属基底、带蚀刻方形环形气腔的 Ti-Al2O3 图案层和环绕图案层底部的 Si3N4 介电层组成。在 200 纳米到 5000 纳米的光谱范围内，平均吸收率为 97.7%，最小吸收率超过 91%。在太阳能系统中，1000 K 时的总光热转换效率为 90.9%，对太阳光的吸收率高达 96.41%。表面等离子体共振（SPR）、导模共振（GMR）、磁共振（MR）和空腔共振（CR）之间的相互作用造就了这种超宽带吸收器的卓越性能。此外，该吸收器对大入射角不敏感，而且不受极化影响。更有趣的是，TE 和 TM 极化的大角度入射也具有同样出色的性能。此外，该吸收器还能满足一定的几何制造误差容限，从而实现低成本的实际制造。所设计的吸收器有望应用于太阳能电池和热光电设备。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing efficiency: A study on all-inorganic CsSnBr3 metal halide perovskites with micro-band offset using DFT and SCAPS-1D modeling 提高效率：利用 DFT 和 SCAPS-1D 建模研究具有微带偏移的无机 CsSnBr3 金属卤化物包光体

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.113051

Shazia Akhtar Dar , Basharat Want , Brajendra Singh Sengar

In this study, we simulated a non-toxic, all-inorganic CsSnBr₃ perovskite solar cell (PSC). Using first-principles PBE functional analysis, we evaluated the optoelectronic characteristics of the CsSnBr₃ and performed numerical simulations and optimizations with SCAPS-1D. Our findings indicate that CsSnBr₃, possessing a direct band gap of 1.78 eV, represents an optimal inorganic perovskite material for PSCs. The micro-band offset (MBO) energy structure of ZnOS/CsSnBr₃/CuI, characterized by a small energy band offset, generates an intrinsic electric field (Ebi) that greatly improves carrier transport and facilitates the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, resulting in a peak power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.89 %. Optimization of this structure involved adjusting the doping concentrations in the electron transport layer (ETL) and hole transport layer (HTL) to 10¹⁷ cm⁻³ for the ETL and 10¹⁹ cm⁻³, respectively. Increasing the absorber layer thickness improved photovoltaic characteristics, although high defect densities negatively impacted carrier diffusion length and PSC performance. Additionally, we examined the effect of varying metal back electrode (BME) and the thermal stability analysis on the PV performance of the device The micro-band offset (MBO) energy structure, as revealed by our analysis of the carrier transport pathway, enhances energy level transitions and facilitates more efficient carrier transport. Under optimal conditions, the PSCs with the MBO-energy structure demonstrated exceptional performance, with PCE = 23.98 %, Voc = 1.40 V, Jsc = 19.68 mA/cm², and FF = 86.74 %. These results highlight the significant potential of the MBO-energy structure for Sn-based PSCs. They offer valuable insights for developing stable, highly efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly CsSnBr₃-based PSCs.

在这项研究中，我们模拟了一种无毒、全无机的 CsSnBr3 包晶石太阳能电池（PSC）。通过第一原理 PBE 函数分析，我们评估了 CsSnBr3 的光电特性，并利用 SCAPS-1D 进行了数值模拟和优化。我们的研究结果表明，CsSnBr3 具有 1.78 eV 的直接带隙，是 PSC 的最佳无机包晶材料。ZnOS/CsSnBr3/CuI 的微带偏移（MBO）能量结构具有能带偏移小的特点，它产生的本征电场（Ebi）大大改善了载流子传输，促进了光生电子-空穴对的分离，从而使峰值功率转换效率（PCE）达到 18.89%。该结构的优化包括将电子传输层（ETL）和空穴传输层（HTL）的掺杂浓度分别调整到 1017 cm-3 和 1019 cm-3。尽管高缺陷密度对载流子扩散长度和 PSC 性能产生了负面影响，但增加吸收层厚度还是改善了光伏特性。此外，我们还研究了不同金属背电极（BME）和热稳定性分析对器件光伏性能的影响。我们对载流子传输路径的分析表明，微带偏移（MBO）能量结构增强了能级转换，有利于提高载流子传输效率。在最佳条件下，具有 MBO 能量结构的 PSC 表现出卓越的性能，PCE = 23.98 %，Voc = 1.40 V，Jsc = 19.68 mA/cm2，FF = 86.74 %。这些结果凸显了 MBO 能量结构在锡基 PSC 中的巨大潜力。它们为开发稳定、高效、经济和环保的 CsSnBr3 基 PSCs 提供了宝贵的启示。

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引用次数: 0

Wind-induced vibration response and suppression of the cable-truss flexible support photovoltaic module array 电缆桁架柔性支撑光伏组件阵列的风致振动响应与抑制

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.113096

Yunqiang Wu , Yue Wu , Ying Sun , Xiaoying Sun

The flexible photovoltaic module support system, which can be used in complex and long-span environments, has been widely studied and applied in recent years. In this study, the wind-induced vibration characteristics and the suppression measures of a 35-meter-span cable-truss support photovoltaic module system array are studied. Firstly, based on the similarity theory of the wind tunnel test, the scaled aeroelastic test model is made and verified. Then, the wind-induced vibration characteristics and group shelter effects of the array are studied and the influence of the initial prestress of the main cables is discussed. Finally, the effective wind suppression measures are proposed by adding the connection cables and inclined cables and verified by the wind tunnel test. The results show that the maximum wind-induced response of the flexible PV array appears in the first row of the windward row under different wind directions, the wind-induced vibration in the middle region is significantly reduced due to the shelter of the PV array and the amplitude of wind-induced vibration in the wake region will be amplified. At 0° wind direction, the wind-induced vibration shelter effect is more obvious. The improvement of the initial prestress of the main cable is ineffective in improving the wind resistance. When no wind suppression measures are taken, the critical wind speed of the new photovoltaic system is 36.1 m/s, which can meet the requirements of most inland areas. Wind suppression measures can effectively improve the wind resistance of photovoltaic arrays, and the critical wind speed can reach 45 m/s.

近年来，可用于复杂和大跨度环境的柔性光伏组件支撑系统得到了广泛的研究和应用。本研究对 35 米跨度索桁架支撑光伏组件系统阵列的风致振动特性及抑制措施进行了研究。首先，基于风洞试验的相似性理论，制作并验证了按比例气动弹性试验模型。然后，研究了阵列的风致振动特性和群体遮蔽效应，并讨论了主缆初始预应力的影响。最后，通过增加连接电缆和斜拉索提出了有效的风抑制措施，并通过风洞试验进行了验证。结果表明，在不同风向下，柔性光伏阵列的最大风致响应出现在迎风面第一排，由于光伏阵列的遮挡，中间区域的风致振动明显减小，而尾流区域的风致振动振幅将被放大。在 0° 风向下，风致振动的遮挡效应更为明显。提高主缆的初始预应力对提高抗风能力无效。在不采取抑风措施的情况下，新型光伏系统的临界风速为 36.1 m/s，可以满足大部分内陆地区的要求。抑风措施可有效提高光伏阵列的抗风能力，临界风速可达 45 m/s。

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引用次数: 0

Achieving 11.23 % efficiency in CZTSSe solar cells via defect control and interface contact optimization 通过缺陷控制和界面接触优化实现 11.23 % 的 CZTSSe 太阳能电池效率

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.112913

Letu Siqin, Chenjun Yang, Jingyuan Guo, Yutian Wang, Lei Wang, Yuan Li, Yiming Wang, Shuyu Li, Xiangyu Chen, Hongmei Luan, Ruijian Liu, Chengjun Zhu

The high open-circuit voltage deficit (V_{OC, def}) caused by structural imperfections in the absorber layer and charge loss during carrier transport is a critical barrier affecting the performance of Cu₂ZnSn(S,Se)₄ (CZTSSe) devices. In this work, Ag was added to the DMF-based Cu⁺-Sn⁴⁺ system, which significantly improved the crystal morphology and electrical properties of the absorber layer. Additionally, optimizing the selenization process not only reduced surface roughness and eliminated voids at the bottom of the absorber layer but also resulted in the formation of a MoSe₂ back interface layer with a more suitable thickness. These measures collectively enhanced the overall quality of the absorber layer, reducing the formation of deep-level defect clusters and effectively boosting carrier transport efficiency. Consequently, the concentration of bulk and interfacial defects decreased, and the impact of potential barriers on carrier movement was minimized. With these comprehensive improvements, the power conversion efficiency of CZTSSe solar cells increased from 8.48 % to 11.23 %. Our research demonstrates that optimizing the structure of the absorber layer can effectively enhance the performance of CZTSSe solar cells, providing valuable insights for the fabrication of high-efficiency devices in the future.

吸收层结构缺陷和载流子传输过程中的电荷损耗导致的高开路电压不足（VOC，def）是影响 Cu2ZnSn（S,Se）4 (CZTSSe) 器件性能的关键障碍。在这项工作中，Ag 被添加到基于 DMF 的 Cu+-Sn4+ 体系中，从而显著改善了吸收层的晶体形态和电性能。此外，优化硒化工艺不仅降低了表面粗糙度，消除了吸收层底部的空隙，还形成了厚度更合适的 MoSe2 背界面层。这些措施共同提高了吸收层的整体质量，减少了深层缺陷簇的形成，有效提高了载流子传输效率。因此，块状缺陷和界面缺陷的浓度降低了，势垒对载流子运动的影响也降到了最低。通过这些综合改进，CZTSSe 太阳能电池的功率转换效率从 8.48% 提高到 11.23%。我们的研究表明，优化吸收层结构可有效提高 CZTSSe 太阳能电池的性能，为未来制造高效器件提供了宝贵的启示。

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引用次数: 0

Broadband and wide-angle antireflection in silicon solar cells using atomically thin MoS2 with a gradient unit cell structure 使用具有梯度单胞结构的原子级薄 MoS2 在硅太阳能电池中实现宽带和广角减反射

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.113088

Yuncai Feng, Zhengyang Huang, Xiaomin Zhang, Tianhui Qiu

Nanostructures have been extensively utilized to enhance light trapping and minimize reflection losses in silicon solar cells, leading to significant improvements in photovoltaic performance. Understanding how these structures influence broadband and omnidirectional antireflection (AR) is crucial for advancing solar technologies. In this study, we present an innovative AR design that integrates atomically thin MoS₂ with a gradient unit cell structure. Using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations, we demonstrate the exceptional broadband and wide-angle AR performance of this configuration. The gradient unit cell design enables effective light management across a wide range of incident angles and wavelengths. This approach offers a simpler alternative to conventional graded refractive index structures, reducing the complexity of fabrication while maintaining high efficiency. Our findings highlight the potential of this structure to revolutionize solar cell performance, paving the way for next-generation photovoltaic technologies.

纳米结构已被广泛用于增强硅太阳能电池的光捕获和减少反射损失，从而显著提高光伏性能。了解这些结构如何影响宽带和全向抗反射（AR）对于太阳能技术的发展至关重要。在本研究中，我们提出了一种创新的 AR 设计，它将原子级薄 MoS2 与梯度单元结构相结合。通过有限差分时域 (FDTD) 仿真，我们证明了这种配置具有卓越的宽带和广角抗反射性能。梯度单元尺寸设计能够在广泛的入射角度和波长范围内实现有效的光管理。与传统的梯度折射率结构相比，这种方法提供了一种更简单的替代方案，在保持高效率的同时降低了制造的复杂性。我们的研究结果凸显了这种结构彻底改变太阳能电池性能的潜力，为下一代光伏技术铺平了道路。

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引用次数: 0

Streamlining structural engineering compliance of rooftop solar photovoltaic installations using an open-source approach 使用开源方法简化屋顶太阳能光伏装置的结构工程合规性

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.113074

Nicholas Vandewetering , Joshua M. Pearce

Although solar photovoltaic (PV) systems provide the lowest cost electricity, regulations often slow PV penetration velocity. A current hurdle to distributed generation with PV is building code compliance. For example, installing solar PV modules on rooftops in some areas requires both interpretation and approval from a professional engineer. This engineering process comes with costs, which can be a substantial fraction of the capital costs of small-scale systems for smaller or efficient houses, as well as for less-wealthy families that want to build up systems one module at a time. Improving the permitting and inspection process can thus significantly reduce the soft costs of distributed PV systems. This study provides a method of overcoming these challenges for rooftop solar PV by introducing an open-source tool to streamline the process while maintaining compliance with necessary local building codes. The results of economic analysis on this method show costs of average 5 kW rooftop PV systems can be cut by 5–25 % in the U.S. Thus, accessibility and affordability of rooftop PV systems are significantly improved because of the elimination of redundant engineering. Implementing such open-source tools is a low-cost effective area of future energy policies to facilitate more economically inclusive and widespread PV adoption.

尽管太阳能光伏（PV）系统提供的电力成本最低，但相关法规往往会减缓光伏发电的普及速度。目前，光伏分布式发电的一个障碍是建筑法规的合规性。例如，在某些地区的屋顶上安装太阳能光伏组件需要专业工程师的解释和批准。这一工程程序需要成本，这可能是小型或高效房屋的小型系统资本成本的一大部分，也可能是那些希望一个模块一个模块地建立系统的不太富裕家庭的资本成本的一大部分。因此，改进许可和检查流程可以显著降低分布式光伏系统的软成本。本研究为屋顶太阳能光伏发电提供了一种克服这些挑战的方法，即引入一种开源工具来简化流程，同时保持符合必要的地方建筑法规。该方法的经济分析结果表明，在美国，平均 5 千瓦屋顶光伏系统的成本可降低 5-25%。实施此类开源工具是未来能源政策的一个低成本有效领域，可促进光伏技术在经济上的包容性和普及性。

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引用次数: 0

The aluminum and titanium-doped zinc oxide films with improved blocking effect on copper diffusion 掺杂铝和钛的氧化锌薄膜对铜扩散的阻断效果得到改善

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.112956

Yuxin Ju , Gangqiang Dong , Jia Li , Yu Zhao , Qi Wang , Cao Yu , Weijie Song

Low-cost transparent conductive oxide films and copper metallization play a crucial role in the advancement of silicon heterojunction technologies (SHJ) to the terawatt level. However, the mechanisms of interfacial diffusion of copper through a zinc-based transparent conductive oxides (TCO) layer into silicon are still not known. In this study, we report that for the aluminum and titanium-doped zinc oxide (ATZO) films prepared by the magnetron sputtering method in the n-Si/110 nm TCOs/50 nm Cu structure, compared with indium tin oxide (ITO) and aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), the blocking effect on copper diffusion can be comparable to that of ITO more than that of AZO. The results show that the measured band gap value of ATZO is 3.64 eV, and in terms of carrier concentration, ATZO has a value of 3.7 × 10²⁰ cm⁻³, which is much higher than the level of AZO. The sample with an ATZO layer also outperforms AZO in band gap, surface morphology, and conductivity, even after heat treatment up to 600 °C. It is important to note, however, that the high-temperature annealing used in this study may have induced changes in the crystallinity and alloy composition of the TCOs, which are not representative of typical SHJ operating conditions. Further studies with more moderate annealing temperatures are needed to better simulate real-world conditions. Nevertheless, ATZO films show strong potential as effective copper diffusion barriers in low-cost metallized photovoltaic applications, offering performance on par with ITO.

低成本透明导电氧化物薄膜和铜金属化在硅异质结技术（SHJ）向太瓦级发展的过程中发挥着至关重要的作用。然而，铜通过锌基透明导电氧化物（TCO）层向硅的界面扩散机制尚不清楚。在本研究中，我们报告了采用磁控溅射法制备的 n-Si/110 nm TCOs/50 nm 铜结构的铝和掺钛氧化锌（ATZO）薄膜，与氧化铟锡（ITO）和掺铝氧化锌（AZO）相比，其对铜扩散的阻滞作用可与 ITO 相媲美，比 AZO 更强。结果表明，ATZO 的测量带隙值为 3.64 eV，载流子浓度值为 3.7 × 1020 cm-3，远高于 AZO 的水平。带有 ATZO 层的样品在带隙、表面形貌和电导率方面也优于 AZO，即使经过高达 600 °C 的热处理也是如此。但需要注意的是，本研究中使用的高温退火可能会导致 TCO 的结晶度和合金成分发生变化，这并不代表典型的 SHJ 工作条件。为了更好地模拟真实世界的条件，需要使用更适中的退火温度进行进一步研究。尽管如此，ATZO 薄膜在低成本金属化光伏应用中显示出作为有效铜扩散屏障的强大潜力，其性能与 ITO 不相上下。

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引用次数: 0

Thermal and optical analysis of industrial photovoltaic modules under partial shading in diverse environmental conditions 不同环境条件下部分遮阳工业光伏组件的热学和光学分析

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.113097

S. Pradhan , S. Kundu , A. Bhattacharjee , S. Mondal , P. Chakrabarti , S. Maity

The manuscript offers a fresh perspective on understanding the impact of shading on the overall performance of solar cells. While the term “hot spot” is commonly used to describe a location where a cell or module can experience significant damage, this study devotes attention to several comprehensive analyses that could prove valuable for module performance, considering the impacts of shading, UV radiation, and thermal. This article explores the relationship between spot shading and percentage shadings and their effects on module layers’ internal temperature, stress, and deformation. The findings reveal that shading within 50–70% (precisely around 62.5% for this study) increases maximum module temperature, stress, and deformation. Additionally, spot shading has a more pronounced effect on the corner positions of the PV module. Including electrical measurements such as open circuit voltage, short circuit current and maximum power provides valuable insights. This work also highlights the limiting of PV module performance due to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, with even greater acceleration observed in partially damaged cells.

该手稿以全新的视角阐述了遮光对太阳能电池整体性能的影响。虽然 "热点 "一词通常用于描述电池或组件可能遭受严重破坏的位置，但本研究关注的是几项综合分析，考虑到遮光、紫外线辐射和热的影响，这些分析可能对组件性能很有价值。本文探讨了点遮光和百分比遮光之间的关系及其对组件层内部温度、应力和变形的影响。研究结果表明，遮光率在 50%-70%（本研究中为 62.5%）之间会增加组件的最高温度、应力和变形。此外，点状遮光对光伏组件的角落位置有更明显的影响。包括开路电压、短路电流和最大功率在内的电气测量提供了有价值的见解。这项工作还强调了紫外线（UV）辐射对光伏组件性能的限制，在部分损坏的电池中观察到更大的加速度。

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