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Techno-economically viable coloured BIPV modules with enhanced aesthetics and performance via animated Moiré patterns 技术经济上可行的彩色BIPV模块，通过动画模式增强美学和性能

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2026.114369

Dong-Youn Shin , Vee Hoong Mok , Wei Hong Lim , Benny Putra Utomo

In an endeavour to curtail greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate anthropogenic climate change, policies promoting zero-energy buildings have been implemented, thereby driving the demand for coloured building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) modules that combine aesthetic appeal with photoconversion efficiency comparable to conventional BIPV modules. However, conventional approaches to reducing the power loss associated with BIPV module colouration often rely on costly fabrication processes or prohibitively expensive materials. Accordingly, this study explores readily implementable and practical strategies for coloured BIPV modules that achieve both aesthetic appeal and high photoconversion efficiency, employing Moiré patterns on the front glazing through the use of optical interference pigments and screen printing. Optical interference pigments, synthesised via low-cost wet-chemical processes, form one-dimensional photonic crystal structures at the mesoscopic scale and exhibit exceptionally high spectrally weighted transmittance (SWT, averaged over the wavelength range of 400–1100 nm), achieving 86.06–92.98% at a pigment concentration of 5 wt% in screen-printed and cured films on glass substrates, compared with 41.17% for a conventional pigment. Furthermore, optical simulations demonstrate that Moiré patterns on the front glazing enhance light transmission even under inclined incidence angles, thereby improving relative SWT by an average of 130.56%. The integration of these techno-economically viable measures is expected to advance both the aesthetic quality and functional performance of coloured BIPV modules, thereby accelerating their adoption in sustainable architectural practice.

为了减少温室气体排放和缓解人为气候变化，已经实施了促进零能耗建筑的政策，从而推动了对彩色建筑集成光伏（BIPV）模块的需求，这种模块结合了美学吸引力和光转换效率，可与传统的BIPV模块相媲美。然而，减少与BIPV模块着色相关的功率损失的传统方法通常依赖于昂贵的制造工艺或昂贵的材料。因此，本研究为彩色BIPV模块探索了易于实施和实用的策略，通过使用光学干涉颜料和丝网印刷在前玻璃上采用moir图案，从而实现美学吸引力和高光转换效率。通过低成本湿化学工艺合成的光学干涉颜料，在介观尺度上形成一维光子晶体结构，并表现出极高的光谱加权透射率（SWT，平均在400-1100 nm波长范围内），在玻璃基板上的丝网印刷和固化薄膜中，当颜料浓度为5 wt%时，其透射率达到86.06-92.98%，而传统颜料的透射率为41.17%。此外，光学模拟表明，即使在倾斜入射角下，前玻璃上的莫尔条纹也能提高光的透射率，从而使相对SWT平均提高130.56%。这些技术和经济上可行的措施的整合有望提高彩色BIPV模块的美学质量和功能性能，从而加速它们在可持续建筑实践中的应用。

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引用次数: 0

S-scheme designed CoTiO3/rGO/g-C3N4 nanohybrid for photodegradation of organic pollutants and transformation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol s方案设计的CoTiO3/rGO/g-C3N4纳米杂化物用于有机污染物的光降解和2,4,6-三氯苯酚的转化

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2026-01-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2026.114367

Mohammad Saud Athar, Arshi Abad, Mohammad Muneer

Organic pollutants owing to their high toxicity and resistance present a significant environmental challenge. To mitigate this issue, a visible-light-responsive perovskite-based metal free graphitic carbon nitride functionalized with rGO was hydrothermally developed. The developed materials were characterized by standard analytical techniques such as UV–Vis DRS, XRD, FTIR, SEM, FESEM, HRTEM, BET, XPS, and EDX-mapping. The characterization results demonstrate the successful construction of nanohybrid photocatalysts with well-integrated interfaces among pristine materials, which results in significantly improved photocatalytic activity. The photocatalytic degradation study was evaluated using all the synthesized materials, whereas, 10 wt% CoTiO₃/rGO/g-C₃N₄ (10CGG) nanohybridrevealed superior photocatalytic performance, achieving 95% degradation ofrhodamine B in 30 min and 93.5% degradation of 4-nitrophenol in 125 min under visible light.Additionally, the photocatalytic efficiency of 10CGG nanohybrid was further confirmed by phototransformation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol and mineralization study. The mechanistic insights were supported by radical quenching experiments, terephthalic acid versus NaOH and NBT tests. The enhanced photocatalytic performance is attributed to more efficient separation of photoinduced electron (e⁻) − hole (h⁺) pairs. Consequently, a direct S-scheme mechanism was proposed to explain efficient charge carrier separation for improved photocatalytic outcomes, which was further supported by PL, EIS, Mott-Schottky and ESR results.

有机污染物由于其高毒性和抗性，对环境提出了重大挑战。为了解决这个问题，研究人员通过水热法开发了一种可见光响应的钙钛矿基无金属石墨化碳氮化物。采用UV-Vis DRS、XRD、FTIR、SEM、FESEM、HRTEM、BET、XPS、EDX-mapping等标准分析技术对材料进行了表征。表征结果表明，纳米杂化光催化剂的成功构建具有良好集成的原始材料界面，从而显著提高了光催化活性。结果表明，10 wt% CoTiO3/rGO/g-C3N4 （10CGG）纳米杂糅物表现出优异的光催化性能，在可见光下30 min降解罗丹明B 95%， 125 min降解4-硝基苯酚93.5%。此外，通过2,4,6-三氯苯酚的光转化和矿化研究，进一步证实了10CGG纳米杂化物的光催化效率。自由基猝灭实验、对苯二甲酸对氢氧化钠和NBT实验支持了机理的认识。光催化性能的增强是由于光诱导电子(e−)-空穴（h+）对更有效的分离。因此，我们提出了一个直接的S-scheme机制来解释有效的载流子分离对改善光催化效果的影响，并得到了PL、EIS、Mott-Schottky和ESR结果的进一步支持。

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引用次数: 0

A parametric evaluation of rooftop photovoltaic utilization and yield density considering urban morphology effects 考虑城市形态影响的屋顶光伏利用与产量密度参数评价

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2026.114364

Fatma Fathy , Rabee Shamass , Xiangming Zhou

Urban morphology plays a critical role in shaping the energy utilization potential of rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems, with key factors including building height, available roof area, as well as obstruction angles and orientation influencing shading patterns and solar exposure. Previous research highlighted the impact of building and urban forms on enhancing solar energy utilization and decreasing energy demands. However, the development of a simple design model that captures the relationship between key design parameters and their impact on PV Utilization potential and Yield Density requires further large-scale investigation. This study aims to develop design-oriented regression models that enable practitioners to reliably estimate PV technical potential in the early stages of the design process. A comprehensive parametric analysis with around 1,000 simulation runs were conducted to evaluate and predict rooftop PV energy performance, emphasizing the influence of building and urban design parameters. Correlation analysis and regression models are developed to interpret the parametric relations and utilization potential of PV on building’s rooftop in Cairo, Egypt. Results indicate that roof-to-total floor area (RTFA %) and sunhours % are the most significant predictors of PV Utilization. These variables interact such that the sensitivity of PV Utilization in response to sunhours variations is doubled with every increase in RTFA %. In contrast, sunhours % and South obstruction angle are found to be the effective predictors of PV Yield Density. This study provides valuable insights for informed decision making, enabling the design of urban environments that maximize solar energy utilization and support sustainable development.

城市形态在塑造屋顶光伏系统的能源利用潜力方面起着关键作用，影响遮阳模式和阳光照射的关键因素包括建筑高度、屋顶可用面积、遮挡角度和朝向。以前的研究强调了建筑和城市形态对提高太阳能利用和降低能源需求的影响。然而，开发一个简单的设计模型，捕捉关键设计参数及其对光伏利用潜力和产量密度的影响之间的关系，需要进一步的大规模研究。本研究旨在开发面向设计的回归模型，使从业者能够在设计过程的早期阶段可靠地估计光伏技术潜力。通过大约1000次模拟运行的综合参数分析来评估和预测屋顶光伏能源性能，强调建筑和城市设计参数的影响。建立了相关分析和回归模型来解释埃及开罗建筑屋顶光伏的参数关系和利用潜力。结果表明，屋顶总建筑面积（RTFA %）和日照时数%是光伏利用率最显著的预测因子。这些变量相互作用，使得PV利用率对太阳时数变化的敏感性随着RTFA %的每增加而增加一倍。太阳时数%和南阻角是PV产密度的有效预测因子。该研究为明智的决策提供了有价值的见解，使城市环境设计能够最大限度地利用太阳能并支持可持续发展。

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引用次数: 0

Preparation and characterization of NaNO3-KNO3-NaNO2-Ca(NO3)2 quaternary molten salt NaNO3-KNO3-NaNO2-Ca(NO3)2季铵盐的制备与表征

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2026.114343

Yan Li , Xiaopeng Li , Shuo Wang , Qunzhi Zhu

Among various molten salts, Hitec salt (7 wt% NaNO₃ − 53 wt% KNO₃ − 40 wt% NaNO₂) has become a staple in concentrated solar power (CSP) systems, capitalizing on its cost − effectiveness and favorable thermophysical properties. Yet, the relatively elevated melting temperature of Hitec salt (approximately 142 °C) restricts its applicability in low-temperature operating conditions. This study employs Hitec salt as the primary component and introduces Ca(NO₃)₂ to modify it, predicting the eutectic makeup and melting point of the Hitec/Ca(NO₃)₂ system through Gibbs free energy minimization methodology. Subsequently, a systematic thermophysical characterization was performed for the prepared quaternary molten salt mixture. By comparing the properties of mixed salts with varying Ca(NO₃)₂ contents, the optimal mass ratio was identified as m(Hitec):m(Ca(NO₃)₂) = 85:15. The findings show that relative to Hitec salt, the melting temperature is reduced by 40.6%, the specific heat increases by 8.2%, the decomposition temperature range expands by 55 °C, the liquid-phase sensible heat storage density increases by 228.55 kJ/kg, and the viscosity significantly decreases with increasing temperature. H15(5.95% NaNO₃–45.05% KNO₃–34% NaNO₂–15% Ca(NO₃)₂) salt provides CSP systems with a thermal energy storage material that combines cost-effectiveness with a wide operating temperature range.

在各种熔盐中，Hitec盐（7 wt% NaNO3 - 53 wt% KNO3 - 40 wt% NaNO2）已成为聚光太阳能（CSP）系统的主要材料，利用其成本效益和良好的热物理性质。然而，Hitec盐相对较高的熔融温度（约142℃）限制了其在低温工况下的适用性。本研究以Hitec盐为主要组分，引入Ca(NO3)2对其进行改性，通过Gibbs自由能最小化方法预测Hitec/Ca(NO3)2体系的共晶组成和熔点。随后，对制备的四元熔盐混合物进行了系统的热物理表征。通过比较不同Ca(NO3)2含量混合盐的性能，确定最佳质量比为m(Hitec):m(Ca(NO3)2) = 85:15。结果表明：相对于Hitec盐，熔融温度降低了40.6%，比热提高了8.2%，分解温度范围扩大了55℃，液相显热储密度增加了228.55 kJ/kg，粘度随温度的升高而显著降低。H15（5.95% NaNO3-45.05% KNO3-34% NaNO2-15% Ca(NO3)2）盐为CSP系统提供了一种兼具成本效益和宽工作温度范围的储热材料。

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引用次数: 0

Dissecting the electron mobility and physical mechanisms of Y series acceptors with central hybridization substitutions 解析中心杂化取代Y系列受体的电子迁移率及物理机制

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2026.114328

Long Zhang , Yu Zhang , Minmin Chen , Xuefei Pan , Peng Song , Yuanzuo Li

Inspired by the high-performance acceptor CH17 with a reported efficiency of 18.13 %, this study designs three novel π-conjugated non-fullerene acceptors (CH2H, CH2CH3, and CH2OCH3) by central hybridization based on the central unit and end unit 2-(6,7-difluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-cyclopental[b]naphthalen-1-ylidene) malononitrile (NINCN-2F). A comprehensive quantum chemical investigation is conducted to assess photophysical properties, charge transport behavior, and molecular configurations. Results indicate that central unit hybridization effectively narrows the energy gap (Δ_L-H) and singlet–triplet energy difference (△E_ST), enhances the absorption maximum (λ_max) and electron mobility (µ_e), and improves overall photophysical and photoexcitation characteristics. Among the designed molecules, CH2OCH3 demonstrates optimal performance, exhibiting the smallest Δ_L-H (1.85 eV), △E_ST (0.4994 eV), the largest λ_max (749.79 nm), and the highest µ_e (0.3597 cm²/(V·s)). This study confirms that structural tailoring of the central moiety serves as a viable strategy to enhance optoelectronic performance, charge transfer ability, and photovoltaic properties of NFAs.

受高效受体CH17（效率为18.13%）的启发，本研究以中心单元和端单元2-（6,7-二氟-3-氧-2,3-二氢- 1h -环戊二烯[b]萘-1-乙基）丙二腈（NINCN-2F）为中心杂化，设计了3种新型π共轭非富勒烯受体CH2H、CH2CH3和CH2OCH3。全面的量子化学研究进行了评估光物理性质，电荷输运行为和分子构型。结果表明，中心单元杂化有效地缩小了能隙（ΔL-H）和单重态-三重态能差（△EST），增强了吸收最大值（λmax）和电子迁移率（µe），改善了整体光物理和光激发特性。在设计的分子中，CH2OCH3表现出最小的ΔL-H （1.85 eV）、△EST （0.4994 eV）、最大的λmax （749.79 nm）和最高的µe （0.3597 cm2/(V·s)）。本研究证实，中心部分的结构定制是提高nfa光电性能、电荷转移能力和光伏性能的可行策略。

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引用次数: 0

Dynamic modeling simulation study of concentrating photovoltaic thermal (CPV/T) coupled proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis system 聚光光伏热（CPV/T）耦合质子交换膜（PEM）电解系统动力学建模仿真研究

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2026.114363

Lengge Si, Hongjuan Hou, Qi Liu, Hui Zhang

Dynamic coupling between concentrating photovoltaic/thermal (CPV/T) collectors and proton-exchange-membrane (PEM) electrolyzers governs solar-driven hydrogen production under intermittent irradiance, yet is rarely captured by existing steady-state or component-isolated models. This work develops a modular dynamic model for a CPV/T-PEM water electrolysis system by integrating Monte Carlo ray tracing optics, a multilayer transient thermal resistance–capacitance submodel for the CPV/T receiver, and an electrochemical–thermal PEM submodel. The CPV/T and PEM submodels are validated against experimental measurements with relative errors below 3% for key outputs. Global sensitivity analysis indicates that hydrogen production is most sensitive to DNI (0.72–0.84), whereas thermal output is mainly regulated by the flow rate (−0.86 to −0.54). Seasonal simulations for Beijing predict daily hydrogen production of 50.2 g in winter and 90.5 g in summer for a single PEM electrolyzer cell under the studied configuration. Step-disturbance simulations further quantify transient behavior: DNI steps yield H₂-flow settling times of 40–52 min, and flow-rate steps produce thermal-output settling times of 57 min. The proposed framework provides a control-oriented tool for analyzing and optimizing CPV/T-PEM hydrogen systems under realistic solar variability.

聚光光伏/热（CPV/T）集热器和质子交换膜（PEM）电解槽之间的动态耦合控制着间歇性辐照下太阳能驱动的氢气生产，但现有的稳态或组件隔离模型很少捕捉到这一点。本工作通过集成蒙特卡罗射线追踪光学、CPV/T接收器的多层瞬态热电阻-电容子模型和电化学-热PEM子模型，开发了CPV/T-PEM水电解系统的模块化动态模型。CPV/T和PEM子模型针对实验测量进行了验证，关键输出的相对误差低于3%。全局敏感性分析表明，产氢对DNI最敏感（0.72 ~ 0.84），而热输出主要受流量调节（- 0.86 ~ - 0.54）。北京的季节性模拟预测，在所研究的配置下，单个PEM电解槽冬季和夏季的日氢气产量分别为50.2 g和90.5 g。阶跃扰动模拟进一步量化了瞬态行为：DNI阶跃产生的h2流沉降时间为40-52分钟，流速阶跃产生的热输出沉降时间为57分钟。该框架为分析和优化现实太阳变率下的CPV/T-PEM氢系统提供了一个面向控制的工具。

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引用次数: 0

Synergistic photocatalysis of polymeric cobalt phthalocyanine/ZnIn2S4 heterojunctions for efficient CO2 photoreduction without sacrificial agents 聚合物酞菁钴/ZnIn2S4异质结的协同光催化在无牺牲剂的情况下高效光还原CO2

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2026.114341

Yuxuan Liu, Yuning Liang, Weimeng Chi, Shuohui Li, Yanhua Gao, Ying Chen

The photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO₂) into valuable chemicals represents a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to achieving carbon neutrality. Herein, we synthesized a Z-scheme heterojunction for the photocatalytic reduction of CO₂ using the hydrothermal method through the ZnIn₂S₄ (ZIS) nanosheets grown on the surface of polymeric cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPPc). Without the addition of any sacrificial agents, the high-performance photocatalytic reduction of CO₂ under ambient water vapor conditions was accomplished. The optimized 1.5CoPPc/ZIS composite exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance with a CO evolution of 113.98 μmol·g⁻¹ under the condition of a 4 h reaction and a selectivity of 96.1%, which is an increase of 4.31 and 6.55 times compared to the performance of CoPPc and ZIS, respectively. Experimental results indicate that the 1.5CoPPc/ZIS heterogeneous structure significantly enhances the response to visible light while simultaneously providing a considerable number of active sites, facilitating the adsorption and activation of CO₂. Meanwhile, the enhanced interfacial interactions between CoPPc and ZIS effectively inhibit the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, significantly improving the redox capacity of the composites. It is worth noting that replacing CoPPc with other MPPcs can also accomplish photoreduction of CO₂. This study offers an innovative design strategy for developing highly efficient solar-driven photocatalysts for CO₂ reduction.

光催化二氧化碳（CO2）还原成有价值的化学品代表了实现碳中和的可持续和环境友好的方法。本文采用水热法，在聚合物酞菁钴（CoPPc）表面生长ZnIn2S4 （ZIS）纳米片，合成了用于光催化还原CO2的z型异质结。在不添加任何牺牲剂的情况下，实现了环境水蒸气条件下CO2的高效光催化还原。优化后的1.5CoPPc/ZIS复合材料具有优异的光催化性能，反应时间为4 h， CO析出量为113.98 μmol·g−1，选择性为96.1%，分别比CoPPc和ZIS提高了4.31倍和6.55倍。实验结果表明，1.5CoPPc/ZIS异相结构显著增强了对可见光的响应，同时提供了相当数量的活性位点，有利于CO2的吸附和活化。同时，CoPPc与ZIS之间增强的界面相互作用有效抑制了光生电子-空穴对的复合，显著提高了复合材料的氧化还原能力。值得注意的是，用其他MPPcs代替CoPPc也可以实现CO2的光还原。这项研究为开发高效的太阳能驱动光催化剂减少二氧化碳提供了一种创新的设计策略。

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引用次数: 0

Wind-induced vibration characteristics and parametric analysis of multi-row cable-supported photovoltaic structures with edge-row wind-resistant cables 边排抗风索多排光伏结构风振特性及参数分析

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2026.114346

Wei Li , Fei Han , Bo Chen , Qingshan Yang

Flexible cable-supported photovoltaic (FCSPV) structures with additional wind-resistant cables installed only at the edge rows are widely adopted. For such structures, wind load is usually the governing load, and their wind-induced vibration behavior is significantly affected by wind-resistant enhancement measures (WREMs), structural parameters (such as PV panel tilt angle β and row spacing D), and wind load parameters (such as basic wind pressure w₀). This study first performs wind tunnel tests to obtain the wind loads on a typical six-row FCSPV structure under various conditions of β, D, and wind directions (α). Subsequently, detailed finite element models are developed, and time-history analyses are performed to investigate the wind-induced responses of the six-row FCSPV structure with different WREMs. The effectiveness of installing wind-resistant cables at the edge rows and inter-row bracings is examined. Based on the structure equipped with this reasonable WREM, a parametric analysis is conducted to reveal the influence of various parameters on its wind-induced vibration characteristics. Finally, wind-resistant design recommendations for this type of structure are provided. The study results show that the most unfavorable wind directions for the structure are 0° and 180°. The reasonable WREM can significantly enhance structural wind-resistant performance, reducing the maximum peak wind-induced displacements by 23.1% and 92.7% under these two critical wind directions, respectively. Moreover, the overall structural gust-effect factor mainly falls within the range of 2.0 to 4.0, generally decreasing with increasing w₀ and β, and exhibiting an initial increase followed by a decrease as D increases.

柔性电缆支撑光伏（FCSPV）结构被广泛采用，仅在边缘排安装额外的抗风电缆。对于此类结构，风荷载通常为控制荷载，其风致振动行为受抗风增强措施（WREMs）、结构参数（如光伏板倾角β和排间距D）和风荷载参数（如基本风压w0）的显著影响。本研究首先进行了风洞试验，获得了典型六排FCSPV结构在β、D、风向（α）等不同条件下的风荷载。随后，建立了详细的有限元模型，并进行了时程分析，研究了不同wrm的六排FCSPV结构的风致响应。考察了在边缘排和行间支撑处安装抗风索的有效性。在此基础上，对结构进行了参数化分析，揭示了各参数对结构风振特性的影响。最后，对该类结构的抗风设计提出了建议。研究结果表明，结构最不利风向为0°和180°。合理的WREM可以显著提高结构的抗风性能，在这两个临界风向下，最大峰值风致位移分别降低23.1%和92.7%。整体结构阵风效应因子主要在2.0 ~ 4.0范围内，总体上随着w0和β的增大而减小，随着D的增大呈现先增大后减小的趋势。

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引用次数: 0

A lightweight autoencoder for photovoltaic module defect segmentation from electroluminescence images 一种轻型自编码器用于光电组件缺陷的电致发光图像分割

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2026.114362

Mohamed Elbahri , Nasreddine Taleb , Mahmoud Fahsi , Fatima Taousser , Sid Ahmed El Mehdi Ardjoun

The automatic diagnosis of photovoltaic (PV) cells during production or deployment in fields is crucial. In this work, we propose an autoencoder to segment electroluminescence images for enhancing the visibility of defects. The proposed autoencoder replaces the more complex architectures previously used in this domain, such as U-Net or PSP-Net. Our model is relatively shallow and lightweight, making it favourable for deployment in edge devices within IoT diagnostic systems. In addition, we have introduced in this work a custom objective function designed to reduce false positive and false negative detection instead of the traditional loss function used in the segmentation process. The training of the proposed autoencoder is based on a data batching strategy to avoid overfitting and other training issues. We conducted experiments and compared the results with state-of-the-art methods, evaluating the model’s efficiency in terms of parameter count, speed, and accuracy. The proposed autoencoder achieves an Intersection over Union (IoU) of 92 % for defect segmentation while ensuring fast inference (0.076 s per frame, compared to 1.67 s for U-Net). In addition, the model attains 96.6 % accuracy for binary classification of cell state.

光伏电池在生产或野外部署过程中的自动诊断至关重要。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种自动编码器来分割电致发光图像，以提高缺陷的可见性。提出的自动编码器取代了以前在该领域使用的更复杂的架构，如U-Net或PSP-Net。我们的模型相对较浅且重量轻，有利于在物联网诊断系统中的边缘设备中部署。此外，我们在这项工作中引入了一个定制的目标函数，旨在减少假阳性和假阴性检测，而不是传统的分割过程中使用的损失函数。所提出的自动编码器的训练基于数据批处理策略，以避免过拟合和其他训练问题。我们进行了实验，并将结果与最先进的方法进行了比较，从参数计数、速度和准确性方面评估了模型的效率。所提出的自编码器在保证快速推理（每帧0.076秒，而U-Net为1.67秒）的同时，实现了92%的缺陷分割交叉点（IoU）。此外，该模型对细胞状态的二元分类准确率达到96.6%。

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引用次数: 0

Grain boundary orientation-dependent performance of polycrystalline thin-film solar cells 多晶薄膜太阳能电池的晶界取向依赖性性能

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2026.114350

Muzaffar Imam , Mukul Kumar Das

Carrier recombination at grain boundaries (GBs) has been a crucial factor in determining the performance of polycrystalline material-based thin-film solar cells. In this work, a theoretical model has been developed to investigate the impact of GB orientation on the performance of polycrystalline thin-film solar cells. The developed model considers a Gaussian-distribution of donor- and acceptor-like GB-traps. Moreover, the model considers a single GB interface oriented in the clockwise direction between 0° and 90° within the cell. 2-dimensional TCAD numerical simulations were also conducted to validate the theoretical results. The model has been calibrated against available reported data. The results show that GBs oriented normal to the directed motion of carrier flow has significant impact on the performance of the device. Furthermore, a marked reduction in efficiency is observed when the GB orientation approaches 90° and the trap density reaches 10¹³ cm⁻². These findings suggest that controlling GB orientation through growth kinetics could offer a viable pathway to enhance polycrystalline solar cell efficiency.

晶界载流子复合是决定多晶材料基薄膜太阳能电池性能的关键因素。在这项工作中，建立了一个理论模型来研究GB取向对多晶薄膜太阳能电池性能的影响。所开发的模型考虑了类似供体和受体的gb陷阱的高斯分布。此外，该模型考虑了单元内沿顺时针方向在0°到90°之间的单个GB接口。通过二维TCAD数值模拟验证了理论结果。该模型已根据现有的报告数据进行了校准。结果表明，与载流子方向运动方向正相关的gb对器件的性能有显著影响。此外，当GB取向接近90°，陷阱密度达到1013 cm−2时，效率显著降低。这些发现表明，通过生长动力学控制GB取向可以为提高多晶太阳能电池效率提供一条可行的途径。

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