Solar Energy最新文献_第2页

Advancements and techno-economic viability of pole-integrated vertical PV tubes: Evaluating alternatives to conventional flat panels in arid and low-maintenance environments – A review article

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2025-04-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2025.113517

Khaled A’amar, Yusuf Bicer, Tareq Al-Ansari

The increasing demand for sustainable energy solutions has driven the expansion of pole-installed photovoltaic systems (PIPVS), particularly in remote and arid environments where conventional energy infrastructure is impractical. However, pole-mounted flat PV panels (PMFPVP) suffer from significant performance limitations due to shading, dust accumulation, high maintenance costs, and energy storage inefficiencies. These challenges necessitate frequent cleaning and system oversizing, making them less viable for low-maintenance applications. In response, this review examines the potential of Pole-Integrated Vertical PV Tubes (PIVPVT) as an alternative technology that mitigates these issues while enhancing energy output stability and reducing maintenance requirements. This study employs a comprehensive review methodology, integrating an arithmetic analysis of polygonal VPVT designs with an in-depth techno-economic comparison of VPVT and FPVP systems. The analysis includes a structural evaluation of VPVT materials, operational cost assessments, and a case-based economic feasibility study under different environmental conditions. Key performance indicators such as shading resilience, dust accumulation impact, cleaning costs, and lifecycle economic viability are examined to establish VPVT’s competitiveness against conventional flat PV panels. The results indicate that while VPVT systems have higher initial capital costs, they offer substantial long-term advantages, particularly in non-maintainable or high-dust environments. VPVT technology reduces energy storage requirements by maintaining a more stable power output curve throughout the day, minimizes shading losses due to its cylindrical structure, and significantly lowers cleaning frequency and associated operational costs. The findings highlight VPVT as a sustainable and economically viable alternative to flat PV panels in pole-mounted applications, particularly for urban, arid, and remote locations where conventional systems are constrained by maintenance challenges. This research contributes to the growing body of knowledge on low-maintenance PV technologies and provides a roadmap for future deployments of VPVT systems in sustainable energy infrastructure.

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引用次数: 0

Numerical simulation and performance enhancement of CsBi3I10-based heterojunction solar cell with various semiconductor layers (CZTS, CZTGS, Al0.8Ga0.2Sb, GaAs) along with machine learning-based analysis 采用不同半导体层（CZTS、CZTGS、Al0.8Ga0.2Sb、GaAs）的基于 CsBi3I10 的异质结太阳能电池的数值模拟和性能提升以及基于机器学习的分析

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2025-04-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2025.113539

Rabeya Khan , Nadira Farjana , Mst. Jahida Akter Jim , Jehan Y. Al-Humaidi , Md Rasidul Islam , Md Masud Rana

Strategies to boost the efficiency of bismuth halide-based photovoltaic devices are being investigated, along with the positive ecological impacts of these solar cells. This study thoroughly examines the efficiency of a CsBi₃I₁₀-based heterojunction solar cell by employing diverse bottom absorber layers, with an emphasis on the impact of several aspects such as thickness and doping density of various layers, operating temperature and work function of the back contact on device performance. Efficiency has been elevated by determining an extremely effective GaAs semiconductor layer via an accepter concentration of 5 × 10¹⁶ cm⁻³ and enhancing its thickness. In the presented work, a novel CsBi₃I₁₀-based heterojunction PSC is designed as Au/NiO/GaAs/CsBi₃I₁₀/ZnSe/ITO. Optimizing a precise semiconductor layer for the excellent performance zone of our device is prior to progressing to the HTL and ETL layers. It has been identified that ZnSe and NiO exhibit the most efficient electron transport layer and hole transport layer properties. In addition, a Machine Learning model was employed to ascertain the optimized device performance by observing the progression of the output on input matrices. The heterojunction solar cell demonstrates superior performance, achieving an impressive efficiency of 27.40 %, an open circuit voltage (V_oc) of 1.03 V, a short circuit current density (J_sc) of 30.2 mA/cm^2, and a fill factor of 88.1 %. This represents a substantial improvement in efficiency, far exceeding that of the conventional CsBi₃I₁₀-based heterojunction solar cell. In that vein, this PSC architecture has emerged as a promising future device that is crucial to the fabrication of lead-free heterojunction PV devices.

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引用次数: 0

Driving forces of injection and regeneration in natural dye-sensitized solar cells: Insights into photovoltaic performance 天然染料敏化太阳能电池中注入和再生的驱动力：对光伏性能的启示

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2025-04-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2025.113523

M.E. Yelkovan , M. Erdogdu , Y. Erdogdu , A. Yildiz

Practical fabrication, low costs, and environment-friendly energy harvesting are the most significant features of solar cells sensitized by natural dyes. However, the employment of natural dye reduces the cost of production while causing severe photovoltaic losses associated with magnitude of underlying forces behind electron injection and dye regeneration. Therefore, lack of knowledge based on these forces have limited the development of DSSCs. To overcome these obstacles for unveiling the performance DSSCs, herein, properties of DSSCs obtained from Hyoscyamus reticulatus (HR), and Mahonia aquifolium (MA) were comprehensively investigated. The magnitude of underlying forces behind electron injection (dye regeneration) was estimated to be 0.831 V (0.092 V) and 0.823 V (0.105 V) for HR and MA, respectively. These values were correlated with photovoltaic parameters. We noticed that driving force should be higher for electron injection while it should be lower for dye regeneration. Under standard AM 1.5G simulated solar radiation, HR based device shows a solar to electricity efficiency of 1.20 % (Fill factor of FF = 0.67; short-circuit current density of J_sc = 2.66 mA/cm²; open circuit voltage of V_oc = 0.67 V) while MA based device shows an efficiency of 0.22 % (FF = 0.37; J_sc = 1.34 mA/cm²; V_oc = 0.45 V).

天然染料敏化太阳能电池的最大特点是制造实用、成本低廉和能源收集对环境友好。然而，天然染料的使用在降低生产成本的同时，也造成了严重的光电损耗，这与电子注入和染料再生背后的潜在作用力大小有关。因此，对这些作用力缺乏了解限制了 DSSC 的发展。为了克服这些障碍以揭示 DSSC 的性能，本文全面研究了从网纹草（Hyoscyamus reticulatus，HR）和马海棠（Mahonia aquifolium，MA）中获得的 DSSC 的特性。据估计，HR 和 MA 的电子注入（染料再生）背后的基本力大小分别为 0.831 V（0.092 V）和 0.823 V（0.105 V）。这些值与光伏参数相关。我们注意到，电子注入的驱动力应该更高，而染料再生的驱动力应该更低。在标准 AM 1.5G 模拟太阳辐射下，基于 HR 的器件显示出 1.20 % 的太阳能发电效率（填充因子 FF = 0.67；短路电流密度 Jsc = 2.66 mA/cm2；开路电压 Voc = 0.67 V），而基于 MA 的器件显示出 0.22 % 的效率（填充因子 FF = 0.37；短路电流密度 Jsc = 1.34 mA/cm2；开路电压 Voc = 0.45 V）。

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引用次数: 0

Inorganic hollow microsphere based energy storage phase change composite materials with all-spectrum absorbing solar photothermal conversion for anti-/deicing

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2025-04-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2025.113514

Yong Long , Jiyan Li , Yanju Jing, Jiaqing Zhang, Rui Jiao, Hanxue Sun, An Li

The development of high-efficiency solar photothermal conversion and storage materials is critical to address the intermittency and randomness of solar energy. In this paper, we prepared magnéli-phase Ti_nO_2n-1(Ti₄O₇) mesoporous hollow microspheres as photothermal materials by employing titanium dioxide and polydopamine as raw materials and using the high-temperature carbothermal reduction method. The Ti₄O₇/PCMs with photothermal conversion and energy storage are synthesized by vacuum impregnation of different carbon chain fatty amines (Tetradecylamine (TDA), Hexadecylamine (HDA), and Octadecylamine (ODA)) as PCMs into the Ti₄O₇. The Ti₄O₇/PCMs exhibit superhydrophobicity and resistance to acid and alkali. The hollow structures help to minimize light reflection by enhancing light scattering and coupling, the photothermal conversion efficiencies of Ti₄O₇/TDA, Ti₄O₇/HDA, and Ti₄O₇/ODA are 89.9 %, 89.5 %, and 90.3 %, respectively, with thermal conductivities of 0.410 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹, 0.405 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹, and 0.418 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹, and latent heats of 155.8 J·g⁻¹, 162.1 J·g⁻¹ and 151.9 J·g⁻¹. Meanwhile, the nanoconfinement effect of the Ti₄O₇ hollow structure effectively solves the leakage problem of fatty amine during the phase change process. The Ti₄O₇/PCMs are assembled by spraying, brushing, and molding to meet the needs of multiple working conditions, and their photothermal and electrothermal conversion performances are remarkable in applying anti-/de-icing.

要解决太阳能的间歇性和随机性问题，开发高效太阳能光热转换和储存材料至关重要。本文以二氧化钛和多巴胺为原料，采用高温碳热还原法制备了磁性相TinO2n-1（Ti4O7）介孔空心微球作为光热材料。将不同碳链的脂肪胺（十四胺（TDA）、十六胺（HDA）和十八胺（ODA））作为 PCM 真空浸渍到 Ti4O7 中，合成了具有光热转换和储能功能的 Ti4O7/PCM。Ti4O7/PCM 具有超疏水性和耐酸碱性。中空结构有助于通过增强光散射和耦合来减少光反射，Ti4O7/TDA、Ti4O7/HDA 和 Ti4O7/ODA 的光热转换效率分别为 89.9 %、89.导热系数分别为 0.410 W-m-1-K-1、0.405 W-m-1-K-1 和 0.418 W-m-1-K-1，潜热分别为 155.8 J-g-1、162.1 J-g-1 和 151.9 J-g-1。同时，Ti4O7 中空结构的纳米强化效应有效地解决了相变过程中脂肪胺的泄漏问题。Ti4O7/PCMs通过喷涂、刷涂、模压等方法组装而成，可满足多种工况的需求，其光热和电热转换性能在防/除冰应用中效果显著。

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引用次数: 0

Integrating predictive and hybrid Machine Learning approaches for optimizing solar still performance: A comprehensive review

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2025-04-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2025.113536

Ammar Elsheikh , Hosam Faqeha , Karrar A. Hammoodi , Mohammed Bawahab , Manabu Fujii , S. Shanmugan , Fadl A. Essa , Walaa Abd-Elaziem , B. Ramesh , Ravishankar Sathyamurthy , Mohamed Egiza

The increasing global need for freshwater, coupled with the imperative for sustainable and energy-efficient solutions, has fueled interest in solar distillation technologies. Solar stills (SSs) offer a simple, low-cost, and environmentally friendly approach to desalination. However, their performance can be significantly influenced by various factors, including climatic conditions, design parameters, and operational variables. To address these challenges and predict SS performance, machine learning (ML) techniques have emerged as a powerful tool. This review explores the application of various ML models, including Support Vector Machines (SVM), Multi-Layer Perceptrons (MLP), Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS), Decision Trees (DT), and hybrid ML/metaheuristic optimizer models, such as Genetic Algorithms (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Simulated Annealing (SA), in predicting water production rates, managing energy consumption, and providing decision support for operators. The review highlights the potential of these models to enhance the efficiency and sustainability of solar desalination systems. By leveraging data-driven insights and predictive modeling, ML-based approaches enable the prediction of performance metrics, identification of optimal operating conditions, and real-time monitoring and control. Furthermore, hybrid ML/metaheuristic models, which combine algorithms like SVM, MLP, and ANFIS with optimization techniques, offer enhanced reliability and resilience in complex scenarios. This review emphasizes the significant potential of ML in advancing solar distillation technologies, showing that integrating ML techniques into SS systems can lead to more efficient, sustainable, and cost-effective solutions to address global water scarcity challenges.

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引用次数: 0

Environmental, techno-economic and energetic performance analysis of atmospheric methane photocatalytic removal system

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2025-04-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2025.113486

Qinggang Wang, Ouyue Zhang, Xinyi Yang, Tingzhen Ming, Yongjia Wu

Atmospheric methane is a potent greenhouse gas that requires effective removal strategies to mitigate its environmental impact. This paper studied 48 schemes of atmospheric methane photocatalytic systems utilizing polygonal posts, assessing the effects of varying operating temperature (T_o) and inlet volume flow rate (Q_in) on system performance. Simulations of the velocity, temperature, and concentration fields were conducted to analyze fluid flow, heat transfer, and mass transport characteristics. A multi-level evaluation framework integrating environmental, techno-economic, and energetic criteria was developed, and the decision-making method was improved using ranking factors to identify the optimal system scheme. The results indicated that increasing T_o negatively affected system performance, whereas higher Q_in improved environmental and techno-economic performance but reduced energetic efficiency. Among the schemes, the ordered hexagonal posts at 60° showed the best performance under the working conditions of T_o = 298 K, Q_in = 1000 mL/min, P = 0.101 MPa, and an inlet CH₄ concentration = 1.86 ppm, achieving a methane purification rate of 7.78 × 10^-9 g/s, a saving to investment ratio of 1.67, and a photocatalytic efficiency of 50.86 %. This was followed by random pentagonal posts at variable angles, random triangular posts at 60°, and random quadrilateral posts at 0°. Future work will focus on multi-objective optimization to improve both system performance and economic feasibility, promoting the practical application of methane photocatalytic technology.

大气中的甲烷是一种强效温室气体，需要有效的清除策略来减轻其对环境的影响。本文研究了利用多边形柱的 48 种大气甲烷光催化系统方案，评估了改变工作温度 (To) 和入口体积流量 (Qin) 对系统性能的影响。对速度场、温度场和浓度场进行了模拟，以分析流体流动、传热和质量传输特性。建立了一个综合环境、技术经济和能量标准的多层次评价框架，并利用排序因子改进了决策方法，以确定最佳系统方案。结果表明，To 的增加会对系统性能产生负面影响，而 Qin 的增加会改善环境和技术经济性能，但会降低能效。在各种方案中，在 To = 298 K、Qin = 1000 mL/min、P = 0.101 MPa 和入口 CH4 浓度 = 1.86 ppm 的工作条件下，60°有序六边形柱的性能最佳，甲烷净化率达到 7.78 × 10-9 g/s，节省投资比为 1.67，光催化效率为 50.86 %。随后是角度可变的随机五边形柱子、角度为 60° 的随机三角形柱子和角度为 0° 的随机四边形柱子。今后的工作将侧重于多目标优化，以提高系统性能和经济可行性，促进甲烷光催化技术的实际应用。

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引用次数: 0

A theoretical approach to enhance light harvesting in dye-sensitized solar cells through strategic Ni-porphyrin dye modifications

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2025-04-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2025.113493

Rama Rathi , Soumadip Banerjee , Ishita Bhattacharya, Avik Ghosh, Abhijit K. Das

Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is one of the most promising photovoltaic technologies due to its economically favourable cost and ease of fabrication. Porphyrin, having inherent property of light absorption, works as an important dye for use in solar cells. In this study, we have investigated the modifications of an experimentally reported dye, Nickel tetraphenylporphyrin cyanoacrylic acid (NiTPP-CAA) aiming at enhancing light absorption and overall efficiency of the dye by the insertion of furan and thiophene spacers between the tetraphenylporphyrin core and the cyanoacryl anchoring acceptor. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) have been employed to investigate diverse topologies of these heterocyclic rings, emphasizing the influence of distinct combinations of spacers on photovoltaic parameters. This demonstrates that dyes with more heterocyclic ring spacers have a lower HOMO-LUMO energy gap, which speeds up charge transfer. The results also indicate that dyes with mixed furan and thiophene spacers perform better. These mixed combinations of spacers, especially those with alternating furan and thiophene, show a synergy of balanced strong electron-withdrawing ability with enhanced conjugation, leading to improved light-harvesting efficiency and better charge separation. In addition to improving electron transfer efficiency, these mixed spacers lower the HOMO-LUMO energy gap. These dyes show great promise for increasing DSSC efficiency due to the smart utilization of mixed spacers, as we have seen significant enhancements in the light harvesting efficiency (LHE), open-circuit voltage (V_oc) and excited state lifetime (τ). This discovery paves the path for future research in optimizing dye design for sustainable solar energy applications.

{"title":"A theoretical approach to enhance light harvesting in dye-sensitized solar cells through strategic Ni-porphyrin dye modifications","authors":"Rama Rathi , Soumadip Banerjee , Ishita Bhattacharya, Avik Ghosh, Abhijit K. Das","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113493","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113493","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is one of the most promising photovoltaic technologies due to its economically favourable cost and ease of fabrication. Porphyrin, having inherent property of light absorption, works as an important dye for use in solar cells. In this study, we have investigated the modifications of an experimentally reported dye, Nickel tetraphenylporphyrin cyanoacrylic acid (NiTPP-CAA) aiming at enhancing light absorption and overall efficiency of the dye by the insertion of furan and thiophene spacers between the tetraphenylporphyrin core and the cyanoacryl anchoring acceptor. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) have been employed to investigate diverse topologies of these heterocyclic rings, emphasizing the influence of distinct combinations of spacers on photovoltaic parameters. This demonstrates that dyes with more heterocyclic ring spacers have a lower HOMO-LUMO energy gap, which speeds up charge transfer. The results also indicate that dyeswith mixed furan and thiophene spacers perform better. These mixed combinations of spacers, especially those with alternating furan and thiophene, show a synergy of balanced strong electron-withdrawing ability with enhanced conjugation, leading to improved light-harvesting efficiency and better charge separation. In addition to improving electron transfer efficiency, these mixed spacers lower the HOMO-LUMO energy gap. These dyes show great promise for increasing DSSC efficiency due to the smart utilization of mixed spacers, as we have seen significant enhancements in the light harvesting efficiency (LHE), open-circuit voltage (V<em><sub>oc</sub></em>) and excited state lifetime (τ). This discovery paves the path for future research in optimizing dye design for sustainable solar energy applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"294 ","pages":"Article 113493"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Boosting perovskite solar cell efficiency with ball-milled Er3+-doped TiO2 as an electron transport layer

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2025-04-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2025.113525

M.E. Abd-Elrazek , Ahmed Mourtada Elseman , Ibrahim Morad , M.M. El-Desoky

Organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are an innovative advancement in photovoltaic technology. The superior optical characteristics of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) contribute to the progress of PSCs. In this study, Er-doped TiO₂ fabrication using the ball mill technique is reported. It has been claimed that the efficiency of organic–inorganic lead halide perovskite-based solar cells can be increased by using Er-doped TiO₂ cells as an electron transportation layer (ETL). The change in crystal structures and nanostructure was investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The average crystal size of TiO₂ was reduced from 17.43 nm to 15.59 nm by the addition of Er³⁺. The optical characteristics were explained by UV–visible spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL). Optical absorption indicates that the doping with Er makes a blue shift in the absorption edge; consequently, a band gap decreases from 3.41 to 3.38 eV and then increases up to 3.45 eV, while the absorption intensity decreases in the visible region. Doping resulted in a rise in fluorescence emission (PL), which corresponds to the intermediate levels created by Er ions. All doped samples exhibit higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of up to 13.38 % than the pure one of 9.31 %. Er-doped TiO₂ nanoparticles have a 30.42 % enhancement in performance on the PSC. This research presents a simple and effective method for synthesizing Er-doped TiO₂ nanoparticles, significantly advancing PSC efficiency.

{"title":"Boosting perovskite solar cell efficiency with ball-milled Er3+-doped TiO2 as an electron transport layer","authors":"M.E. Abd-Elrazek , Ahmed Mourtada Elseman , Ibrahim Morad , M.M. El-Desoky","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113525","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113525","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are an innovative advancement in photovoltaic technology. The superior optical characteristics of titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) contribute to the progress of PSCs. In this study, Er-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> fabrication using the ball mill technique is reported. It has been claimed that the efficiency of organic–inorganic lead halide perovskite-based solar cells can be increased by using Er-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> cells as an electron transportation layer (ETL). The change in crystal structures and nanostructure was investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The average crystal size of TiO<sub>2</sub> was reduced from 17.43 nm to 15.59 nm by the addition of Er<sup>3+</sup>. The optical characteristics were explained by UV–visible spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL). Optical absorption indicates that the doping with Er makes a blue shift in the absorption edge; consequently, a band gap decreases from 3.41 to 3.38 eV and then increases up to 3.45 eV, while the absorption intensity decreases in the visible region. Doping resulted in a rise in fluorescence emission (PL), which corresponds to the intermediate levels created by Er ions. All doped samples exhibit higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of up to 13.38 % than the pure one of 9.31 %. Er-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles have a 30.42 % enhancement in performance on the PSC. This research presents a simple and effective method for synthesizing Er-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles, significantly advancing PSC efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"294 ","pages":"Article 113525"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Simulation-based optimization of CdS/CdTe solar cells incorporating MXene-enhanced SnO2 buffer layer: insights from experimentally validated material properties

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2025-04-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2025.113510

Muhammad Ali , Qaisar Khan , Muhammad Faraz Ud Din , Jafar Khan Kasi , Ajab Khan Kasi , Asif Ali , Sami Ullah

Cadmium telluride (CdTe) is considered as an outstanding material for thin film solar cell with a direct bandgap of 1.5 eV and high optical absorption. However, a short lifetime of minority carriers in absorber layer and lower photogenerated carrier concentration hinders the improvements in open circuit voltage (V_OC) and fill factor (FF) of the device. Various techniques such as passivation, doping, charge reflective coating and buffer layers are employed to overcome defects in CdTe layer and improve charge extraction for efficient device. A buffer layer in CdTe based PV device is used to enhance the device performance and stability. The SnO₂ is widely used in optoelectronics applications including solar cell due to its remarkable optoelectronic properties. Here, the photovoltaic (PV) performance of SnO₂ buffer layer in CdTe based solar cell has been investigated by numerical analysis using SCAPS-1D simulation software. The PV device comprises of SnO₂ buffer layer, CdS window layer, CdTe absorber layer and metal back contact. The optimum thickness of buffer layer, window layer and absorber layer were varied including the variation in donor density of SnO₂, Cds and acceptor density of CdTe. Furthermore, the temperature effect was considered along with the tuning of series and shunt resistance to investigate their effect on device performance. The SnO₂ buffer layer properties were improved with addition of 2D MXene materials. The Ti₂C₃ MXene is used to tune the bandgap, work function and importantly electron affinity of SnO₂ buffer layer using different MXene mixing concentration. The optimized simulated device using SnO₂ buffer layer modulated with 0 and 0.1 wt% MXene concentration demonstrates enhancement in FF from 82.87 % to 84.82 % mainly due to work function tuning and improved band alignment, thus increasing PCE from 21.86 % to 22.42 % respectively. In addition, the PV device showed an external quantum efficiency of around 90 % at visible wavelength. These results indicate the effectiveness of numerical modelling using SCAPS-1D for the MXene incorporation in PV.

{"title":"Simulation-based optimization of CdS/CdTe solar cells incorporating MXene-enhanced SnO2 buffer layer: insights from experimentally validated material properties","authors":"Muhammad Ali , Qaisar Khan , Muhammad Faraz Ud Din , Jafar Khan Kasi , Ajab Khan Kasi , Asif Ali , Sami Ullah","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113510","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113510","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cadmium telluride (CdTe) is considered as an outstanding material for thin film solar cell with a direct bandgap of 1.5 eV and high optical absorption. However, a short lifetime of minority carriers in absorber layer and lower photogenerated carrier concentration hinders the improvements in open circuit voltage (V<sub>OC</sub>) and fill factor (FF) of the device. Various techniques such as passivation, doping, charge reflective coating and buffer layers are employed to overcome defects in CdTe layer and improve charge extraction for efficient device. A buffer layer in CdTe based PV device is used to enhance the device performance and stability. The SnO<sub>2</sub> is widely used in optoelectronics applications including solar cell due to its remarkable optoelectronic properties. Here, the photovoltaic (PV) performance of SnO<sub>2</sub> buffer layer in CdTe based solar cell has been investigated by numerical analysis using SCAPS-1D simulation software. The PV device comprises of SnO<sub>2</sub> buffer layer, CdS window layer, CdTe absorber layer and metal back contact. The optimum thickness of buffer layer, window layer and absorber layer were varied including the variation in donor density of SnO<sub>2</sub>, Cds and acceptor density of CdTe. Furthermore, the temperature effect was considered along with the tuning of series and shunt resistance to investigate their effect on device performance. The SnO<sub>2</sub> buffer layer properties were improved with addition of 2D MXene materials. The Ti<sub>2</sub>C<sub>3</sub> MXene is used to tune the bandgap, work function and importantly electron affinity of SnO<sub>2</sub> buffer layer using different MXene mixing concentration. The optimized simulated device using SnO<sub>2</sub> buffer layer modulated with 0 and 0.1 wt% MXene concentration demonstrates enhancement in FF from 82.87 % to 84.82 % mainly due to work function tuning and improved band alignment, thus increasing PCE from 21.86 % to 22.42 % respectively. In addition, the PV device showed an external quantum efficiency of around 90 % at visible wavelength. These results indicate the effectiveness of numerical modelling using SCAPS-1D for the MXene incorporation in PV.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"294 ","pages":"Article 113510"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The novel evaluation method for PV module temperature and string size risk in utility-scale solar projects

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2025-04-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2025.113520

Carlos Sanchís-Gómez , Jorge Aleix-Moreno , Carlos Vargas-Salgado , David Alfonso-Solar

Currently, utility-scale PV plants are increasing in number and power. Accurate estimation of PV module cell temperature is fundamental for PV project optimization. This article evaluates some of the most relevant models for PV module temperature estimation using real data from utility-scale projects, with different locations and current existing technology. For the assessment, a new weighting methodology is introduced to capture modeĺs behavior during critical periods for overvoltage episodes. The evaluation is based on error analysis, obtaining models’ accuracy against module’s real behavior in different utility-scale projects. The assessment of temperature error provides RMSE for direct error results between 0.25 and 1.45 °C for the evaluated 22 temperature cell models, confirming also which models provide a better temperature estimation during critical voltage periods. Once temperature models’ accuracy is obtained, their impact on open-circuit voltage and project́s risk is evaluated, leading to the introduction of a new model. This new model for string size risk evaluation, called “Grupotec String Evaluation” model, is developed, providing an innovative calculation method to obtain the probability of over-voltage episodes during the operation of PV projects. The Grupotec String Evaluation model is based on the model’s evaluation and project-specific data, which is considered a link between science and engineering to optimize generation from PV energy systems.

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引用次数: 0