Solar Energy最新文献_第2页

Wind-induced vibration response and suppression of the cable-truss flexible support photovoltaic module array 电缆桁架柔性支撑光伏组件阵列的风致振动响应与抑制

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.113096

Yunqiang Wu , Yue Wu , Ying Sun , Xiaoying Sun

The flexible photovoltaic module support system, which can be used in complex and long-span environments, has been widely studied and applied in recent years. In this study, the wind-induced vibration characteristics and the suppression measures of a 35-meter-span cable-truss support photovoltaic module system array are studied. Firstly, based on the similarity theory of the wind tunnel test, the scaled aeroelastic test model is made and verified. Then, the wind-induced vibration characteristics and group shelter effects of the array are studied and the influence of the initial prestress of the main cables is discussed. Finally, the effective wind suppression measures are proposed by adding the connection cables and inclined cables and verified by the wind tunnel test. The results show that the maximum wind-induced response of the flexible PV array appears in the first row of the windward row under different wind directions, the wind-induced vibration in the middle region is significantly reduced due to the shelter of the PV array and the amplitude of wind-induced vibration in the wake region will be amplified. At 0° wind direction, the wind-induced vibration shelter effect is more obvious. The improvement of the initial prestress of the main cable is ineffective in improving the wind resistance. When no wind suppression measures are taken, the critical wind speed of the new photovoltaic system is 36.1 m/s, which can meet the requirements of most inland areas. Wind suppression measures can effectively improve the wind resistance of photovoltaic arrays, and the critical wind speed can reach 45 m/s.

近年来，可用于复杂和大跨度环境的柔性光伏组件支撑系统得到了广泛的研究和应用。本研究对 35 米跨度索桁架支撑光伏组件系统阵列的风致振动特性及抑制措施进行了研究。首先，基于风洞试验的相似性理论，制作并验证了按比例气动弹性试验模型。然后，研究了阵列的风致振动特性和群体遮蔽效应，并讨论了主缆初始预应力的影响。最后，通过增加连接电缆和斜拉索提出了有效的风抑制措施，并通过风洞试验进行了验证。结果表明，在不同风向下，柔性光伏阵列的最大风致响应出现在迎风面第一排，由于光伏阵列的遮挡，中间区域的风致振动明显减小，而尾流区域的风致振动振幅将被放大。在 0° 风向下，风致振动的遮挡效应更为明显。提高主缆的初始预应力对提高抗风能力无效。在不采取抑风措施的情况下，新型光伏系统的临界风速为 36.1 m/s，可以满足大部分内陆地区的要求。抑风措施可有效提高光伏阵列的抗风能力，临界风速可达 45 m/s。

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引用次数: 0

Achieving 11.23 % efficiency in CZTSSe solar cells via defect control and interface contact optimization 通过缺陷控制和界面接触优化实现 11.23 % 的 CZTSSe 太阳能电池效率

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.112913

Letu Siqin, Chenjun Yang, Jingyuan Guo, Yutian Wang, Lei Wang, Yuan Li, Yiming Wang, Shuyu Li, Xiangyu Chen, Hongmei Luan, Ruijian Liu, Chengjun Zhu

The high open-circuit voltage deficit (V_{OC, def}) caused by structural imperfections in the absorber layer and charge loss during carrier transport is a critical barrier affecting the performance of Cu₂ZnSn(S,Se)₄ (CZTSSe) devices. In this work, Ag was added to the DMF-based Cu⁺-Sn⁴⁺ system, which significantly improved the crystal morphology and electrical properties of the absorber layer. Additionally, optimizing the selenization process not only reduced surface roughness and eliminated voids at the bottom of the absorber layer but also resulted in the formation of a MoSe₂ back interface layer with a more suitable thickness. These measures collectively enhanced the overall quality of the absorber layer, reducing the formation of deep-level defect clusters and effectively boosting carrier transport efficiency. Consequently, the concentration of bulk and interfacial defects decreased, and the impact of potential barriers on carrier movement was minimized. With these comprehensive improvements, the power conversion efficiency of CZTSSe solar cells increased from 8.48 % to 11.23 %. Our research demonstrates that optimizing the structure of the absorber layer can effectively enhance the performance of CZTSSe solar cells, providing valuable insights for the fabrication of high-efficiency devices in the future.

吸收层结构缺陷和载流子传输过程中的电荷损耗导致的高开路电压不足（VOC，def）是影响 Cu2ZnSn（S,Se）4 (CZTSSe) 器件性能的关键障碍。在这项工作中，Ag 被添加到基于 DMF 的 Cu+-Sn4+ 体系中，从而显著改善了吸收层的晶体形态和电性能。此外，优化硒化工艺不仅降低了表面粗糙度，消除了吸收层底部的空隙，还形成了厚度更合适的 MoSe2 背界面层。这些措施共同提高了吸收层的整体质量，减少了深层缺陷簇的形成，有效提高了载流子传输效率。因此，块状缺陷和界面缺陷的浓度降低了，势垒对载流子运动的影响也降到了最低。通过这些综合改进，CZTSSe 太阳能电池的功率转换效率从 8.48% 提高到 11.23%。我们的研究表明，优化吸收层结构可有效提高 CZTSSe 太阳能电池的性能，为未来制造高效器件提供了宝贵的启示。

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引用次数: 0

Broadband and wide-angle antireflection in silicon solar cells using atomically thin MoS2 with a gradient unit cell structure 使用具有梯度单胞结构的原子级薄 MoS2 在硅太阳能电池中实现宽带和广角减反射

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.113088

Yuncai Feng, Zhengyang Huang, Xiaomin Zhang, Tianhui Qiu

Nanostructures have been extensively utilized to enhance light trapping and minimize reflection losses in silicon solar cells, leading to significant improvements in photovoltaic performance. Understanding how these structures influence broadband and omnidirectional antireflection (AR) is crucial for advancing solar technologies. In this study, we present an innovative AR design that integrates atomically thin MoS₂ with a gradient unit cell structure. Using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations, we demonstrate the exceptional broadband and wide-angle AR performance of this configuration. The gradient unit cell design enables effective light management across a wide range of incident angles and wavelengths. This approach offers a simpler alternative to conventional graded refractive index structures, reducing the complexity of fabrication while maintaining high efficiency. Our findings highlight the potential of this structure to revolutionize solar cell performance, paving the way for next-generation photovoltaic technologies.

纳米结构已被广泛用于增强硅太阳能电池的光捕获和减少反射损失，从而显著提高光伏性能。了解这些结构如何影响宽带和全向抗反射（AR）对于太阳能技术的发展至关重要。在本研究中，我们提出了一种创新的 AR 设计，它将原子级薄 MoS2 与梯度单元结构相结合。通过有限差分时域 (FDTD) 仿真，我们证明了这种配置具有卓越的宽带和广角抗反射性能。梯度单元尺寸设计能够在广泛的入射角度和波长范围内实现有效的光管理。与传统的梯度折射率结构相比，这种方法提供了一种更简单的替代方案，在保持高效率的同时降低了制造的复杂性。我们的研究结果凸显了这种结构彻底改变太阳能电池性能的潜力，为下一代光伏技术铺平了道路。

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引用次数: 0

Streamlining structural engineering compliance of rooftop solar photovoltaic installations using an open-source approach 使用开源方法简化屋顶太阳能光伏装置的结构工程合规性

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.113074

Nicholas Vandewetering , Joshua M. Pearce

Although solar photovoltaic (PV) systems provide the lowest cost electricity, regulations often slow PV penetration velocity. A current hurdle to distributed generation with PV is building code compliance. For example, installing solar PV modules on rooftops in some areas requires both interpretation and approval from a professional engineer. This engineering process comes with costs, which can be a substantial fraction of the capital costs of small-scale systems for smaller or efficient houses, as well as for less-wealthy families that want to build up systems one module at a time. Improving the permitting and inspection process can thus significantly reduce the soft costs of distributed PV systems. This study provides a method of overcoming these challenges for rooftop solar PV by introducing an open-source tool to streamline the process while maintaining compliance with necessary local building codes. The results of economic analysis on this method show costs of average 5 kW rooftop PV systems can be cut by 5–25 % in the U.S. Thus, accessibility and affordability of rooftop PV systems are significantly improved because of the elimination of redundant engineering. Implementing such open-source tools is a low-cost effective area of future energy policies to facilitate more economically inclusive and widespread PV adoption.

尽管太阳能光伏（PV）系统提供的电力成本最低，但相关法规往往会减缓光伏发电的普及速度。目前，光伏分布式发电的一个障碍是建筑法规的合规性。例如，在某些地区的屋顶上安装太阳能光伏组件需要专业工程师的解释和批准。这一工程程序需要成本，这可能是小型或高效房屋的小型系统资本成本的一大部分，也可能是那些希望一个模块一个模块地建立系统的不太富裕家庭的资本成本的一大部分。因此，改进许可和检查流程可以显著降低分布式光伏系统的软成本。本研究为屋顶太阳能光伏发电提供了一种克服这些挑战的方法，即引入一种开源工具来简化流程，同时保持符合必要的地方建筑法规。该方法的经济分析结果表明，在美国，平均 5 千瓦屋顶光伏系统的成本可降低 5-25%。实施此类开源工具是未来能源政策的一个低成本有效领域，可促进光伏技术在经济上的包容性和普及性。

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引用次数: 0

The aluminum and titanium-doped zinc oxide films with improved blocking effect on copper diffusion 掺杂铝和钛的氧化锌薄膜对铜扩散的阻断效果得到改善

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.112956

Yuxin Ju , Gangqiang Dong , Jia Li , Yu Zhao , Qi Wang , Cao Yu , Weijie Song

Low-cost transparent conductive oxide films and copper metallization play a crucial role in the advancement of silicon heterojunction technologies (SHJ) to the terawatt level. However, the mechanisms of interfacial diffusion of copper through a zinc-based transparent conductive oxides (TCO) layer into silicon are still not known. In this study, we report that for the aluminum and titanium-doped zinc oxide (ATZO) films prepared by the magnetron sputtering method in the n-Si/110 nm TCOs/50 nm Cu structure, compared with indium tin oxide (ITO) and aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), the blocking effect on copper diffusion can be comparable to that of ITO more than that of AZO. The results show that the measured band gap value of ATZO is 3.64 eV, and in terms of carrier concentration, ATZO has a value of 3.7 × 10²⁰ cm⁻³, which is much higher than the level of AZO. The sample with an ATZO layer also outperforms AZO in band gap, surface morphology, and conductivity, even after heat treatment up to 600 °C. It is important to note, however, that the high-temperature annealing used in this study may have induced changes in the crystallinity and alloy composition of the TCOs, which are not representative of typical SHJ operating conditions. Further studies with more moderate annealing temperatures are needed to better simulate real-world conditions. Nevertheless, ATZO films show strong potential as effective copper diffusion barriers in low-cost metallized photovoltaic applications, offering performance on par with ITO.

低成本透明导电氧化物薄膜和铜金属化在硅异质结技术（SHJ）向太瓦级发展的过程中发挥着至关重要的作用。然而，铜通过锌基透明导电氧化物（TCO）层向硅的界面扩散机制尚不清楚。在本研究中，我们报告了采用磁控溅射法制备的 n-Si/110 nm TCOs/50 nm 铜结构的铝和掺钛氧化锌（ATZO）薄膜，与氧化铟锡（ITO）和掺铝氧化锌（AZO）相比，其对铜扩散的阻滞作用可与 ITO 相媲美，比 AZO 更强。结果表明，ATZO 的测量带隙值为 3.64 eV，载流子浓度值为 3.7 × 1020 cm-3，远高于 AZO 的水平。带有 ATZO 层的样品在带隙、表面形貌和电导率方面也优于 AZO，即使经过高达 600 °C 的热处理也是如此。但需要注意的是，本研究中使用的高温退火可能会导致 TCO 的结晶度和合金成分发生变化，这并不代表典型的 SHJ 工作条件。为了更好地模拟真实世界的条件，需要使用更适中的退火温度进行进一步研究。尽管如此，ATZO 薄膜在低成本金属化光伏应用中显示出作为有效铜扩散屏障的强大潜力，其性能与 ITO 不相上下。

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引用次数: 0

Thermal and optical analysis of industrial photovoltaic modules under partial shading in diverse environmental conditions 不同环境条件下部分遮阳工业光伏组件的热学和光学分析

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.113097

S. Pradhan , S. Kundu , A. Bhattacharjee , S. Mondal , P. Chakrabarti , S. Maity

The manuscript offers a fresh perspective on understanding the impact of shading on the overall performance of solar cells. While the term “hot spot” is commonly used to describe a location where a cell or module can experience significant damage, this study devotes attention to several comprehensive analyses that could prove valuable for module performance, considering the impacts of shading, UV radiation, and thermal. This article explores the relationship between spot shading and percentage shadings and their effects on module layers’ internal temperature, stress, and deformation. The findings reveal that shading within 50–70% (precisely around 62.5% for this study) increases maximum module temperature, stress, and deformation. Additionally, spot shading has a more pronounced effect on the corner positions of the PV module. Including electrical measurements such as open circuit voltage, short circuit current and maximum power provides valuable insights. This work also highlights the limiting of PV module performance due to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, with even greater acceleration observed in partially damaged cells.

该手稿以全新的视角阐述了遮光对太阳能电池整体性能的影响。虽然 "热点 "一词通常用于描述电池或组件可能遭受严重破坏的位置，但本研究关注的是几项综合分析，考虑到遮光、紫外线辐射和热的影响，这些分析可能对组件性能很有价值。本文探讨了点遮光和百分比遮光之间的关系及其对组件层内部温度、应力和变形的影响。研究结果表明，遮光率在 50%-70%（本研究中为 62.5%）之间会增加组件的最高温度、应力和变形。此外，点状遮光对光伏组件的角落位置有更明显的影响。包括开路电压、短路电流和最大功率在内的电气测量提供了有价值的见解。这项工作还强调了紫外线（UV）辐射对光伏组件性能的限制，在部分损坏的电池中观察到更大的加速度。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing the solar cell efficiency with Azetidinium based Perovskites: An investigation for device optimization using DFT and SETFOS 利用基于氮铱的过氧化物提高太阳能电池效率：利用 DFT 和 SETFOS 进行器件优化研究

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.113089

Arati Dikhit, Sukanta Kumar Tripathy

Presently, organic cations that yield 3D perovskites with band gaps appropriate for PV applications comprise solely methylammonium (MA) and formamidinium (FA). However, these perovskites are prone to degradation at elevated temperatures and humid conditions. Multiple computational analyses have discovered azetidinium (AZ) as a promising third candidate for the synthesis of organic–inorganic perovskites. Exploring the operational mechanism and efficiency potential of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on AZ as cation requires a comprehensive investigation of both the material and device. In this study, DFT and SETFOS are combined to investigate PSCs based on perovskites with AZ cations. The structural, optoelectronic characteristics of the perovskites were computed and analysed based on DFT which identifies AZPbI₃, AZSnCl_3, AZSnBr₃ and AZSnI₃ as suitable perovskites within the AZ(Pb/Sn)X₃ (X = Cl, Br, I) family based on their favourable tolerance factors and calculated bandgaps of 1.87 eV, 1.67 eV, 1.1 eV and 0.8 eV, respectively. Further, numerical simulation for solar cells (SCs) is executed using SETFOS, with an optimized ETL and HTL for each of the perovskite absorbers. In addition, the devices are also tailored for their best thicknesses of transport layers and absorber layers. The optimized devices with architectures ITO/PCBM/AZPbI₃/CFTS/Ag, ITO/IGZO/AZSnCl₃/CuI/Ag, ITO/CeO₂/AZSnBr₃/CuI/Ag and ITO/CeO₂/AZSnI₃/PEDOT:PSS/Ag achieved PCEs of 19.48 %, 26.1 %, 16.5 %, and 12.01 % respectively. Along with, this study examines quantum efficiency (QE) and the impact of temperature on PV performance. Results of this comprehensive study lay the groundwork for a promising research path towards manufacturing high-efficiency, stable AZ based PSCs in due course.

目前，能产生具有适合光伏应用带隙的三维过氧化物的有机阳离子只有甲基铵（MA）和甲脒（FA）。然而，这些过氧化物晶石在高温和潮湿条件下容易降解。多项计算分析发现，氮杂环丁烷（AZ）是合成有机-无机包晶石的第三种有前途的候选物质。要探索以 AZ 为阳离子的过氧化物太阳能电池（PSCs）的运行机制和效率潜力，需要对材料和器件进行全面研究。本研究将 DFT 和 SETFOS 结合起来，研究了基于含 AZ 阳离子的过氧化物的 PSCs。根据 DFT 计算和分析的结果，确定 AZPbI3、AZSnCl3、AZSnBr3 和 AZSnI3 为 AZ(Pb/Sn)X3（X = Cl、Br、I）系列中合适的包晶，因为它们具有有利的容限因子，计算带隙分别为 1.87 eV、1.67 eV、1.1 eV 和 0.8 eV。此外，还使用 SETFOS 对太阳能电池 (SC) 进行了数值模拟，并为每种包晶吸收剂优化了 ETL 和 HTL。此外，还对器件的最佳传输层和吸收层厚度进行了定制。采用 ITO/PCBM/AZPbI3/CFTS/Ag、ITO/IGZO/AZSnCl3/CuI/Ag、ITO/CeO2/AZSnBr3/CuI/Ag 和 ITO/CeO2/AZSnI3/PEDOT:PSS/Ag 结构的优化器件的 PCE 分别达到了 19.48%、26.1%、16.5% 和 12.01%。此外，本研究还考察了量子效率（QE）和温度对光伏性能的影响。这项综合研究的结果为在适当的时候制造高效、稳定的基于 AZ 的 PSC 奠定了坚实的基础。

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引用次数: 0

A novel smart window based on co-crosslinked hydrogel with temperature self-adaptability and anti-freezing functions for building energy saving 一种基于共交联水凝胶的新型智能窗，具有温度自适应和防冻功能，可用于建筑节能

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.113099

Xiangfei Kong, Yue Han, Xuemei Zhang, Xuan Zhao, Jianjuan Yuan

Thermochromic smart windows based on hydrogels with adaptive regulation of solar radiation have attracted an increasing attention due to their potential in temperature management. However, hydrogels with extremely high water content may freeze, leading to the risk of transparency reduction and even window breakage in cold environment. In this study, co-crosslinked P(NIPAM-co-AM)@GLY@PVA hydrogel with excellent solar radiation regulation and anti-freezing performance was prepared by introducing antifreeze glycerol (GLY) and polymer polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). By adjusting the amount of GLY, PVA and hydrophilic AM, P(NIPAM-co-AM)@GLY@PVA hydrogel showed a satisfactory thermochromic performance, with a luminous transmittance (T_lum) of 68.05 %, a solar modulation ability (ΔT_sol) of 62.11 %, a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of ∼24 °C and an antifreeze temperature of −15 °C. The thermal management experiments proved that the thermochromic@anti-freezing (TCA) smart window assembled based on P(NIPAM-co-AM)@GLY@PVA hydrogel had an excellent performance in managing indoor temperature and cyclic stability. This work may open a new avenue to solve problems in the application field of hydrogel-based smart windows.

基于水凝胶的热变色智能窗具有自适应调节太阳辐射的功能，因其在温度管理方面的潜力而受到越来越多的关注。然而，含水量极高的水凝胶可能会结冰，导致透明度降低，甚至在寒冷环境中出现窗户破裂的风险。本研究通过引入抗冻剂甘油（GLY）和聚合物聚乙烯醇（PVA），制备了具有优异太阳辐射调节和抗冻性能的共交联 P（NIPAM-co-AM）@GLY@PVA 水凝胶。通过调整 GLY、PVA 和亲水性 AM 的用量，P(NIPAM-co-AM)@GLY@PVA 水凝胶显示出令人满意的热致变色性能，其透光率（Tlum）为 68.05%，太阳辐射调节能力（ΔTsol）为 62.11%，低临界溶液温度（LCST）为 24 °C，防冻温度为 -15 °C。热管理实验证明，基于 P（NIPAM-co-AM）@GLY@PVA 水凝胶组装的热致变色@抗冻（TCA）智能窗在管理室内温度和循环稳定性方面具有优异的性能。这项研究为解决水凝胶智能窗的应用问题开辟了一条新途径。

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引用次数: 0

Innovative slime-infused glazing systems: energy efficiency, natural lighting, color rendering, and carbon mitigation 创新的粘液注入玻璃系统：节能、自然采光、色彩渲染和碳减排

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.113046

Vishnu Priya A, Saboor Shaik

Heat gain and loss from the building’s windows raise the loads needed for cooling and heating, respectively. This paper introduces an innovative approach to deliver an economical passive energy-efficient glazing solution, making use of various colored transparent slime materials for the first time. This work fills the gap in double-pane glazing with five different colored slime materials: blue (TBS), yellow (TYS), pink (TPS), green (TGS), and colorless slime (TCS), each maintained at different thicknesses (4 mm, 8 mm, and 12 mm). The eighteen samples are analyzed, considering reductions in heat gain, annual cooling expenses, payback duration, carbon emission reduction, Color Rendering Index (CRI), and Correlated Color Temperature (CCT) for Vellore climatic conditions in India. Thermal and daylighting simulations are conducted using Design-Builder simulation tool, incorporating slime glazings into an office complex model. Among the different coloured slime glazings, the transparent yellow slime glazings have shown better thermal performance. The transparent yellow slime glazings, TYS-4, 8, and 12, have the highest annual cooling load reductions of 641.61, 702.05, and 708.37 kWh, respectively, and the shortest payback durations of 2.94, 3.25, and 3.77 years, respectively. They also significantly reduce carbon emissions by 2.5, 2.8, and 2.83 tCO2/year, respectively, when compared to standard DPG-4, 8, and 12. Among TYS-4,8,12, TYS-4 stands out for glazing applications due to its commendable thermal performance and visual quality (CRI > 80). This work reports an innovative, cost-effective solution for energy-efficient glazing, demonstrating the potential benefits of colored slime materials in reducing energy consumption, and carbon emissions.

建筑物窗户的得热和失热分别增加了制冷和供暖所需的负荷。本文介绍了一种创新方法，首次利用各种彩色透明粘液材料提供经济的被动式节能玻璃解决方案。这项研究利用五种不同颜色的粘液材料填补了双层玻璃的空白：蓝色（TBS）、黄色（TYS）、粉色（TPS）、绿色（TGS）和无色粘液（TCS），每种粘液的厚度不同（4 毫米、8 毫米和 12 毫米）。在印度韦洛尔气候条件下，对 18 个样本进行了分析，考虑了热增益的减少、每年的冷却费用、投资回收期、碳排放量的减少、显色指数（CRI）和相关色温（CCT）。使用 Design-Builder 模拟工具进行了热能和日光模拟，并将粘液玻璃纳入办公楼综合体模型中。在不同颜色的粘液玻璃中，透明黄色粘液玻璃的热性能更好。透明黄色粘液玻璃 TYS-4、8 和 12 的年制冷负荷减少量最高，分别为 641.61、702.05 和 708.37 千瓦时，投资回收期最短，分别为 2.94、3.25 和 3.77 年。与标准 DPG-4、8 和 12 相比，它们还分别大幅减少了 2.5、2.8 和 2.83 吨二氧化碳/年的碳排放量。在 TYS-4、8、12 中，TYS-4 因其令人称道的热性能和视觉质量（CRI > 80）而在玻璃应用中脱颖而出。这项工作为节能玻璃提供了一种创新、经济的解决方案，证明了有色粘泥材料在降低能耗和碳排放方面的潜在优势。

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引用次数: 0

Impacts of 2019–20 Australian bushfires on solar photovoltaic generation using high-resolution simulations 利用高分辨率模拟 2019-20 年澳大利亚丛林大火对太阳能光伏发电的影响

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.113025

Alejandra Isaza , Jason P. Evans , Merlinde Kay , Abhnil Prasad , Stephen Brember

As a key component of the clean energy transition, solar photovoltaic (PV) generation is expanding rapidly. Atmospheric aerosols affect solar resources, reducing usable radiation and decreasing PV potential. To investigate the aerosols role on Australian PV potential, the WRF-Solar model is used to simulate the 2019 climate, focusing on the summer bushfire season. Four experiments with different aerosol configurations were conducted, in a 10-km grid spacing domain in continental Australia and a 2-km nested domain over New South Wales. The control experiment (no aerosols) is compared with three experiments that incorporate climatological and time-varying aerosol optical depth (AOD) from the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications Version 2 (MERRA2) and Himawari-8 satellite. The results of the simulated global horizontal irradiance (GHI) and direct normal irradiance (DNI) are evaluated against observations. The resultant PV power potential for each experiment is estimated using a resource-to-power conversion model. During the bushfire season, the inclusion of MERRA2 AOD significantly improved the simulation of solar irradiance, especially the DNI, compared to ground stations (up to 83% bias improvement) and satellite-derived irradiance (up to 18% improvement in the root mean square deviation). The inclusion of Himawari-8 AOD data is also beneficial, but its spatio-temporal coverage is highly limited due to the large number of gaps from cloudy pixels. Reductions of up to 16% in the PV power potential were evident in the experiment including MERRA2 3-hourly AOD compared to the control experiment, demonstrating the importance of including time-varying aerosols when simulating the PV energy production.

作为清洁能源转型的关键组成部分，太阳能光伏发电（PV）正在迅速扩大。大气气溶胶会影响太阳能资源，减少可用辐射，降低光伏发电潜力。为了研究气溶胶对澳大利亚光伏发电潜力的影响，我们使用 WRF-Solar 模型模拟了 2019 年的气候，重点关注夏季丛林火灾季节。在澳大利亚大陆的 10 千米网格间距域和新南威尔士州上空的 2 千米嵌套域中，进行了四次不同气溶胶配置的实验。对照实验（无气溶胶）与三个实验进行了比较，这三个实验采用了现代研究与应用前瞻性分析 2 版（MERRA2）和 Himawari-8 卫星的气候和时变气溶胶光学深度（AOD）。模拟的全球水平辐照度（GHI）和直接法线辐照度（DNI）结果与观测结果进行了对比评估。利用资源-电力转换模型估算了每次实验的光伏发电潜力。在丛林火灾季节，与地面站（偏差改善达 83%）和卫星辐照度（均方根偏差改善达 18%）相比，MERRA2 AOD 的加入显著改善了太阳辐照度的模拟，尤其是 DNI。纳入 Himawari-8 AOD 数据也有好处，但由于云雾像素造成的大量空白，其时空覆盖范围非常有限。与对照实验相比，在包含 MERRA2 3 小时 AOD 的实验中，光伏发电潜力明显降低了 16%，这表明在模拟光伏发电时包含时变气溶胶的重要性。

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