Pub Date : 2000-09-18DOI: 10.1109/DEIV.2000.877302
E. Gidalevich, S. Goldsmith, R. Boxman
The cathode plasma jet deceleration caused by interaction with a secondary ion cushion at the anode is analyzed. The secondary ions are assumed to be sputtered or/and reflected from the copper anode. It was found that for an inter-electrode gap of L=2 cm, and a secondary ion velocity of 10/sup 3/ m/s, there is no upper limit for the current density for continuous jet motion. For secondary ion velocities <0.25/spl times/10/sup 3/ m/s, the upper limit is 10/sup 5/ A/m/sup 2/.
{"title":"An upper limit for the electric current for shock-free plasma flow in a vacuum arc","authors":"E. Gidalevich, S. Goldsmith, R. Boxman","doi":"10.1109/DEIV.2000.877302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEIV.2000.877302","url":null,"abstract":"The cathode plasma jet deceleration caused by interaction with a secondary ion cushion at the anode is analyzed. The secondary ions are assumed to be sputtered or/and reflected from the copper anode. It was found that for an inter-electrode gap of L=2 cm, and a secondary ion velocity of 10/sup 3/ m/s, there is no upper limit for the current density for continuous jet motion. For secondary ion velocities <0.25/spl times/10/sup 3/ m/s, the upper limit is 10/sup 5/ A/m/sup 2/.","PeriodicalId":429452,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings ISDEIV. 19th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (Cat. No.00CH37041)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130479318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-18DOI: 10.1109/DEIV.2000.879055
V. Belous, G. I. Nosov
Effect of the high-fluence low energy nitrogen ions implantation on structure and properties of high-speed steels (R6M5 and R18) was studied. Experiments were performed using the facility with a triode gas plasma source based on thermionic cathode arc discharge ignited in nitrogen atmosphere. The nitrogen ions implantation into steel specimens surface was carried out an energy of 0.6 keV. The irradiation doses ranged from 5 10/sup 19/ to 10/sup 20/ ion/cm/sup 2/. The temperature of implanted specimens was not above 500/spl deg/C. Studies were made into the structure, composition and microhardness of implanted high-speed steel specimens. Metallographic, X-ray diffraction and electron-microscope methods were used to investigate the surfaces of implanted specimens. It is found that microhardness of implanted steel specimens surface increases by factors of 1.6 to 1.7. The thickness of the strengthened layer reaches 120 /spl mu/m. The bulk of the material exhibits practically no unstrengthening after low energy nitrogen ions implantation. The nitrogen concentration in subsurface layers of implanted high-speed steels is 21 at.%. The X-ray diffraction analysis performed for implanted steels points the presence of Fe/sub 2/N, Fe/sub 2/N+Fe/sub 4/N or Fe/sub 4/N nitrides and the carbide phase.
{"title":"Expect of high-fluence low energy nitrogen ions implantation on structure and properties of high-speed steel","authors":"V. Belous, G. I. Nosov","doi":"10.1109/DEIV.2000.879055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEIV.2000.879055","url":null,"abstract":"Effect of the high-fluence low energy nitrogen ions implantation on structure and properties of high-speed steels (R6M5 and R18) was studied. Experiments were performed using the facility with a triode gas plasma source based on thermionic cathode arc discharge ignited in nitrogen atmosphere. The nitrogen ions implantation into steel specimens surface was carried out an energy of 0.6 keV. The irradiation doses ranged from 5 10/sup 19/ to 10/sup 20/ ion/cm/sup 2/. The temperature of implanted specimens was not above 500/spl deg/C. Studies were made into the structure, composition and microhardness of implanted high-speed steel specimens. Metallographic, X-ray diffraction and electron-microscope methods were used to investigate the surfaces of implanted specimens. It is found that microhardness of implanted steel specimens surface increases by factors of 1.6 to 1.7. The thickness of the strengthened layer reaches 120 /spl mu/m. The bulk of the material exhibits practically no unstrengthening after low energy nitrogen ions implantation. The nitrogen concentration in subsurface layers of implanted high-speed steels is 21 at.%. The X-ray diffraction analysis performed for implanted steels points the presence of Fe/sub 2/N, Fe/sub 2/N+Fe/sub 4/N or Fe/sub 4/N nitrides and the carbide phase.","PeriodicalId":429452,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings ISDEIV. 19th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (Cat. No.00CH37041)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130569625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-18DOI: 10.1109/DEIV.2000.877258
Y. Kolyada, O. Bulanchuk, V. Fedun, I. Onishchenko
Vacuum electrical breakdown of extended gaps (tens of cm and more) by a high voltage (1-2 MV) microsecond pulses and the cold cathode material influence on an electron beam formation have been investigated. It has been established, that drop fraction (aerosol microparticles) of a cathode torch influences essentially on the vacuum electrical breakdown development for microsecond pulse duration. The characteristic sizes of the microparticles are experimentally measured and calculated. The main part of the microparticles has a size about the length of Fermi electron's free run in metals. The radius of graphite particles exceeds by almost three orders that of the metal (Al, Fe, Cu). In the case of graphite cathodes, the diode operation can be optimized for receiving extreme beam parameters. It has been calculated that the deformation of a potential barrier in a vicinity of the cathode raises considerably the probability of electron tunneling. It can lead to the development of explosive electron emission.
{"title":"Aerosol microparticles and emission characteristics of the pulsed high-current vacuum diode in a microsecond range","authors":"Y. Kolyada, O. Bulanchuk, V. Fedun, I. Onishchenko","doi":"10.1109/DEIV.2000.877258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEIV.2000.877258","url":null,"abstract":"Vacuum electrical breakdown of extended gaps (tens of cm and more) by a high voltage (1-2 MV) microsecond pulses and the cold cathode material influence on an electron beam formation have been investigated. It has been established, that drop fraction (aerosol microparticles) of a cathode torch influences essentially on the vacuum electrical breakdown development for microsecond pulse duration. The characteristic sizes of the microparticles are experimentally measured and calculated. The main part of the microparticles has a size about the length of Fermi electron's free run in metals. The radius of graphite particles exceeds by almost three orders that of the metal (Al, Fe, Cu). In the case of graphite cathodes, the diode operation can be optimized for receiving extreme beam parameters. It has been calculated that the deformation of a potential barrier in a vicinity of the cathode raises considerably the probability of electron tunneling. It can lead to the development of explosive electron emission.","PeriodicalId":429452,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings ISDEIV. 19th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (Cat. No.00CH37041)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133179532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-18DOI: 10.1109/DEIV.2000.879073
N. Georgescu
A vacuum arc device has been developed, having in mind the soft-X-ray emission for X-ray detectors calibration, and for X-ray microlithography/microscopy research. The maximum condenser energy is 1-2 kJ, and the maximum discharge current is around 100 kA. The trigger pulse (applied to a rod inside the cathode) is generated by a magnetic pulse compression circuit, which provides 20 J/pulse, with 100 ns rise-time. These electrical parameters, combined with a proper cathode geometry, gave a reliable ignition of the vacuum arc discharge. A lot of studies have been made concerning the optimization of the vacuum arc device as a soft-X-ray source. During the experiments, the changed parameters were the condenser energy, the anode-cathode geometry, the anode material and the trigger pulse amplitude. For the maximization (more than 10 J per pulse) of the soft-X-ray emission, the best combinations of these parameters have been found.
{"title":"Optimization of a vacuum arc discharge for soft-X-ray emission","authors":"N. Georgescu","doi":"10.1109/DEIV.2000.879073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEIV.2000.879073","url":null,"abstract":"A vacuum arc device has been developed, having in mind the soft-X-ray emission for X-ray detectors calibration, and for X-ray microlithography/microscopy research. The maximum condenser energy is 1-2 kJ, and the maximum discharge current is around 100 kA. The trigger pulse (applied to a rod inside the cathode) is generated by a magnetic pulse compression circuit, which provides 20 J/pulse, with 100 ns rise-time. These electrical parameters, combined with a proper cathode geometry, gave a reliable ignition of the vacuum arc discharge. A lot of studies have been made concerning the optimization of the vacuum arc device as a soft-X-ray source. During the experiments, the changed parameters were the condenser energy, the anode-cathode geometry, the anode material and the trigger pulse amplitude. For the maximization (more than 10 J per pulse) of the soft-X-ray emission, the best combinations of these parameters have been found.","PeriodicalId":429452,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings ISDEIV. 19th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (Cat. No.00CH37041)","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123184798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-18DOI: 10.1109/DEIV.2000.877289
D. Shmelev
The paper presents a two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic model of a high-current vacuum arc under the action of external axial magnetic field. The dependence of a mean charge of ions, produced by vacuum arc, on magnetic field and total arc current is calculated numerically.
{"title":"Calculation of plasma parameters of the vacuum arc in an axial magnetic field","authors":"D. Shmelev","doi":"10.1109/DEIV.2000.877289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEIV.2000.877289","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents a two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic model of a high-current vacuum arc under the action of external axial magnetic field. The dependence of a mean charge of ions, produced by vacuum arc, on magnetic field and total arc current is calculated numerically.","PeriodicalId":429452,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings ISDEIV. 19th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (Cat. No.00CH37041)","volume":"68 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123807786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-18DOI: 10.1109/DEIV.2000.877266
H. Fink, D. Gentsch, M. Heimbach
Basic investigations have been carried out on the dielectric performance of the ceramic (high-purity alumina, Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/) surface in vacuum interrupters after switching. In order to examine the influence of the shielding on the protection of the ceramic surface against metal vapour condensation different types of vacuum interrupters (VIs) have been tested: VIs with and without shielding. Additionally, two contact materials CuCr 25 wt.-% and WCAg 40 wt.-% have been investigated to compare the adhension of different metal vapours to alumina ceramic surfaces. After having performed a high-voltage conditioning of the VIs, DC arcs with arbitrary arcing times were triggered between the contacts simulating the generation of metal vapour during high current interruption and load break switching. Between the arcing tests the insulation levels of all VIs have been tested by means of an AC high voltage source. Afterwards the VIs were opened and the microstructure of the metallic condendate on the inner ceramic surface was analysed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The integral chemical composition of the metallic film was investigated by inductive coupled plasma (ICP). The conductivity of the surface condensate resulting from the condensation of the metal vapour was measured in order to compare the material investigations with the electrical behaviour of the surface.
{"title":"Investigations on condensed metal vapour on the surface of alumina ceramics within vacuum interrupters after switching","authors":"H. Fink, D. Gentsch, M. Heimbach","doi":"10.1109/DEIV.2000.877266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEIV.2000.877266","url":null,"abstract":"Basic investigations have been carried out on the dielectric performance of the ceramic (high-purity alumina, Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/) surface in vacuum interrupters after switching. In order to examine the influence of the shielding on the protection of the ceramic surface against metal vapour condensation different types of vacuum interrupters (VIs) have been tested: VIs with and without shielding. Additionally, two contact materials CuCr 25 wt.-% and WCAg 40 wt.-% have been investigated to compare the adhension of different metal vapours to alumina ceramic surfaces. After having performed a high-voltage conditioning of the VIs, DC arcs with arbitrary arcing times were triggered between the contacts simulating the generation of metal vapour during high current interruption and load break switching. Between the arcing tests the insulation levels of all VIs have been tested by means of an AC high voltage source. Afterwards the VIs were opened and the microstructure of the metallic condendate on the inner ceramic surface was analysed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The integral chemical composition of the metallic film was investigated by inductive coupled plasma (ICP). The conductivity of the surface condensate resulting from the condensation of the metal vapour was measured in order to compare the material investigations with the electrical behaviour of the surface.","PeriodicalId":429452,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings ISDEIV. 19th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (Cat. No.00CH37041)","volume":"145 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121031154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-18DOI: 10.1109/DEIV.2000.879100
M. Laux, H. Pursch
Sound waves have been detected from an electrode acting as the cathode in a vacuum discharge. Results from arcing on carbon fibre reinforced carbon (CFC) and stainless steel (SST) an reported. Distinct frequencies could be reproducibly detected in the power spectrum belonging to different groups. Most of the modes show a strong damping demonstrating that the nonlinear disturbance associated with the breakdown excites a wide spectrum. Very few frequencies are present during the arc but no obvious dependence of their power on the arc current was found. To identify eigen-oscillations of the plate some experiments have been repeated using an electrode with reduced thickness. For comparison with a different material additional experiments on stainless steel have been carried out.
{"title":"Sound emission from an arc cathode","authors":"M. Laux, H. Pursch","doi":"10.1109/DEIV.2000.879100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEIV.2000.879100","url":null,"abstract":"Sound waves have been detected from an electrode acting as the cathode in a vacuum discharge. Results from arcing on carbon fibre reinforced carbon (CFC) and stainless steel (SST) an reported. Distinct frequencies could be reproducibly detected in the power spectrum belonging to different groups. Most of the modes show a strong damping demonstrating that the nonlinear disturbance associated with the breakdown excites a wide spectrum. Very few frequencies are present during the arc but no obvious dependence of their power on the arc current was found. To identify eigen-oscillations of the plate some experiments have been repeated using an electrode with reduced thickness. For comparison with a different material additional experiments on stainless steel have been carried out.","PeriodicalId":429452,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings ISDEIV. 19th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (Cat. No.00CH37041)","volume":"153 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121398717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-18DOI: 10.1109/DEIV.2000.877259
V. A. Nevrovsky
The stability of liquid metal layer in an electric field is considered, when the field has a temporal periodic component. This case is an extension of the known Tonks-Frenkel theory of conductive liquid instability in a DC electric field. A periodic field of moderate intensity makes the initiation of instability of surface perturbations easier than the application of a DC field alone. A linear theory of surface perturbation growth in a periodic electric field is developed and applied for the analysis of situations typical for droplet formation in high voltage devices. Two examples of the instability are assessed: behavior of a liquid metal ion source in an oscillating electric field and the motion of the electrode melt in a vacuum arc under fluctuating arc voltage.
{"title":"Stability of liquid metal in alternating electric field","authors":"V. A. Nevrovsky","doi":"10.1109/DEIV.2000.877259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEIV.2000.877259","url":null,"abstract":"The stability of liquid metal layer in an electric field is considered, when the field has a temporal periodic component. This case is an extension of the known Tonks-Frenkel theory of conductive liquid instability in a DC electric field. A periodic field of moderate intensity makes the initiation of instability of surface perturbations easier than the application of a DC field alone. A linear theory of surface perturbation growth in a periodic electric field is developed and applied for the analysis of situations typical for droplet formation in high voltage devices. Two examples of the instability are assessed: behavior of a liquid metal ion source in an oscillating electric field and the motion of the electrode melt in a vacuum arc under fluctuating arc voltage.","PeriodicalId":429452,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings ISDEIV. 19th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (Cat. No.00CH37041)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127373784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-18DOI: 10.1109/DEIV.2000.879025
L. Zhiyuan, Wang Jimei, Wang Zheng, Gu Shuyi, He Guangli
Iron style bipolar axial magnetic field vacuum interrupter is a novel vacuum interrupter and it is the first one that is developed in China. Its axial magnetic field in the gap and eddy current in the iron core are analyzed. It is shown from the static axial magnetic field analysis that its axial magnetic flux density is very high and its distribution is homogeneous on the iron area. The axial magnetic flux density will increase significantly when electrode diameter increases or gap decreases. When the arm width increases the flux density will decrease almost linearly. It is shown that eddy current is related to electrode structure parameters and iron material property. When contact diameter decreases or arm width increases, eddy current will decrease. When gap increases eddy current will decrease slightly. Eddy current will increase nonlinearly with the increase of magnetic permeability and generally does so with the increase of conductivity. It is also shown that a laminated iron core is a good way to reduce eddy current. Since the iron core has an important influence on the AMF, an improved iron core design is obtained.
{"title":"Analysis of axial magnetic field of an iron style bipolar axial magnetic field vacuum interrupter","authors":"L. Zhiyuan, Wang Jimei, Wang Zheng, Gu Shuyi, He Guangli","doi":"10.1109/DEIV.2000.879025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEIV.2000.879025","url":null,"abstract":"Iron style bipolar axial magnetic field vacuum interrupter is a novel vacuum interrupter and it is the first one that is developed in China. Its axial magnetic field in the gap and eddy current in the iron core are analyzed. It is shown from the static axial magnetic field analysis that its axial magnetic flux density is very high and its distribution is homogeneous on the iron area. The axial magnetic flux density will increase significantly when electrode diameter increases or gap decreases. When the arm width increases the flux density will decrease almost linearly. It is shown that eddy current is related to electrode structure parameters and iron material property. When contact diameter decreases or arm width increases, eddy current will decrease. When gap increases eddy current will decrease slightly. Eddy current will increase nonlinearly with the increase of magnetic permeability and generally does so with the increase of conductivity. It is also shown that a laminated iron core is a good way to reduce eddy current. Since the iron core has an important influence on the AMF, an improved iron core design is obtained.","PeriodicalId":429452,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings ISDEIV. 19th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (Cat. No.00CH37041)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116937278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-18DOI: 10.1109/DEIV.2000.877255
N. V. Tatarinova
Poro-electron emission based cold cathodes have a number of advantages: low values of electrical field strength; low requirements on vacuum; possibility of emergency admission of atmosphere; and low expenditure for production of cathodes of large area and complex configuration. The results presented show that to irradiate objects of large areas, one can apply a poro electron emission based cold cathode. The irradiation can take place both in vacuum and in atmosphere. In the latter case, the electron beam is extracted into the atmosphere via an anode made of thin foil.
{"title":"Charged particle source based on poro-electron emission","authors":"N. V. Tatarinova","doi":"10.1109/DEIV.2000.877255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEIV.2000.877255","url":null,"abstract":"Poro-electron emission based cold cathodes have a number of advantages: low values of electrical field strength; low requirements on vacuum; possibility of emergency admission of atmosphere; and low expenditure for production of cathodes of large area and complex configuration. The results presented show that to irradiate objects of large areas, one can apply a poro electron emission based cold cathode. The irradiation can take place both in vacuum and in atmosphere. In the latter case, the electron beam is extracted into the atmosphere via an anode made of thin foil.","PeriodicalId":429452,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings ISDEIV. 19th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (Cat. No.00CH37041)","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131293676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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