This study examines the link between unemployment and violence by controlling for income and security expenditure as an antidote to reduce violence in Nigeria. Violence claims many lives and properties in the country, which further increased the demand for public security as tax on the nation’s resources. Also, the increased unemployment in Nigeria, deserving urgent attention to be reduced, as literature has pointed out, causes idleness, deception, frustration and anger. The idea of criminal motivation and strain as an inducement to violence are supported by evidence. Considering the nature of the variables in this study, we tested for endogeneity by using annual data set from 1980 to 2015 before proceeding to test for the long-run and short-run relationship. The Bound Test used to test the cointegration while the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) approach was used to conduct endogeneity test. ARDL Instrumental Variable is also employed to determine long-run and short-run estimates. The results showed that unemployment causes violence while income as a variable to economic growth reduces violence at the 1% level of significance. Similarly, the deterrence variable of security expenditure adversely affects violence at the 10% level of significance. Therefore, this study suggests policy to promote economic growth as the means of income-employment generation among the youth and the unemployed. Youth programs should be provided especially among the unemployed by granting credit facilities to finance their own projects and further strengthen the deterrence institutions. RESUMEN Este estudio examina el vínculo entre el desempleo y la violencia mediante el control de los ingresos y el gasto de seguridad, como un antídoto para reducir la violencia en Nigeria. La violencia se cobra muchas vidas y propiedades en el país, lo que aumenta aún más la demanda de seguridad pública, traducida como un impuesto a los recursos de la nación. Además, el aumento del desempleo en Nigeria, la cual merece una atención urgente que se reduzca ya que, la literatura señala, provoca ociosidad, engaño, frustración e ira. La idea de la motivación y la tensión delictiva como un incentivo a la violencia está respaldada por la evidencia. Teniendo en cuenta la naturaleza de las variables en este estudio, probamos la endogeneidad mediante el uso de datos anuales de 1980 a 2015, antes de proceder a la prueba de la relación de largo y corto plazo. El Bound Test se usó para probar la cointegración, mientras que el enfoque del Modelo de retardo distribuido autorregresivo (ARDL), se usó para realizar pruebas de endogeneidad. La variable instrumental de ARDL también se emplea para determinar estimaciones a largo y corto plazo. Los resultados mostraron que el desempleo causa violencia; mientras que el ingreso, como variable del crecimiento económico, reduce la violencia, al nivel de significancia del 1%. De manera similar, la variable de disuasión del gasto en seguridad afect
本研究通过控制收入和安全支出作为减少尼日利亚暴力的解药，考察了失业与暴力之间的联系。暴力在这个国家夺走了许多人的生命和财产，这进一步增加了对公共安全的需求，这是对国家资源的征税。此外，正如文献所指出的那样，尼日利亚失业人数的增加引起了懒惰、欺骗、沮丧和愤怒，需要紧急注意加以减少。犯罪动机和紧张作为暴力诱因的观点得到了证据的支持。考虑到本研究中变量的性质，我们使用1980 - 2015年的年度数据集进行内生性检验，然后进行长期和短期关系检验。协整检验采用边界检验，内生性检验采用自回归分布滞后模型(ARDL)方法。ARDL工具变量也被用来确定长期和短期的估计。结果表明，失业导致暴力，而收入作为经济增长的一个变量在1%的显著水平上减少了暴力。同样，安全支出的威慑变量在10%的显著水平上对暴力产生不利影响。因此，本研究建议政策应以促进经济成长为手段，为青年和失业者创造收入和就业机会。应提供青年方案，特别是在失业者中提供信贷设施，为他们自己的项目提供资金，并进一步加强威慑机构。RESUMEN estestudio examina el vínculo enentre el desempleo y暴力调解el control de los ingreses el gasto de securidad, como and antídoto para reducir la violencia en Nigeria。“暴力之路”是指“暴力之路”，“暴力之路”是指“暴力之路”país，“安全之路”aún más，“暴力之路”是指“暴力之路”pública，“暴力之路”是指“暴力之路”nación。Además, el aumento del desempleo en Nigeria, la ual mermeruna atención紧急情况下的调查和调查，la literature señala, provoca cicisidad, engaño, frustración e ira。我的想法是motivación和tensión，我的想法是不激励我的暴力，我的想法是，我的想法是证据。Teniendo en东西拉naturaleza de las变量在工厂化,probamos la endogeneidad uso mediante厄尔德拿督anuales德1980年一2015年,就像一个洛杉矶的年龄都功能de la relacion de庄严的y corto plazo。El Bound Test se usó para probar la cointegración, mientras que El enfoque del Modelo de distribudo auto regression (ARDL)， se usó para realar proebas de endogeneidad。在很大程度上，用可变的仪器计算ARDL - tamamicao - 3可以用准确定的估计方法计算。其结果是导致暴力的最严重的问题和最严重的问题;Mientras que el ingreso, como variable del recimiento económico，减少了暴力事件，几乎没有显著性1%。De manera相似，la variable De disuasión del gasto en security effects at versamente la violencia，都没有显著性del 10%。穷，穷，穷，穷，穷，穷，穷，穷，穷，穷，穷，穷，穷，穷，穷，穷，穷，穷，穷，穷，穷，穷，穷，穷，穷，穷，穷，穷，穷。1 .发展中国家发展中国家经济，特别是发展中国家发展中国家经济，发展中国家经济，发展中国家经济，发展中国家经济，发展中国家经济，发展中国家经济，发展中国家经济。
{"title":"UNEMPLOYMENT AND VIOLENCE: ARDL ENDOGENEITY APPROACH","authors":"Adenuga Fabian Adekoya, N. Abdul-Razak","doi":"10.29105/ensayos37.2-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29105/ensayos37.2-2","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the link between unemployment and violence by controlling for income and security expenditure as an antidote to reduce violence in Nigeria. Violence claims many lives and properties in the country, which further increased the demand for public security as tax on the nation’s resources. Also, the increased unemployment in Nigeria, deserving urgent attention to be reduced, as literature has pointed out, causes idleness, deception, frustration and anger. The idea of criminal motivation and strain as an inducement to violence are supported by evidence. Considering the nature of the variables in this study, we tested for endogeneity by using annual data set from 1980 to 2015 before proceeding to test for the long-run and short-run relationship. The Bound Test used to test the cointegration while the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) approach was used to conduct endogeneity test. ARDL Instrumental Variable is also employed to determine long-run and short-run estimates. The results showed that unemployment causes violence while income as a variable to economic growth reduces violence at the 1% level of significance. Similarly, the deterrence variable of security expenditure adversely affects violence at the 10% level of significance. Therefore, this study suggests policy to promote economic growth as the means of income-employment generation among the youth and the unemployed. Youth programs should be provided especially among the unemployed by granting credit facilities to finance their own projects and further strengthen the deterrence institutions.\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000RESUMEN \u0000\u0000Este estudio examina el vínculo entre el desempleo y la violencia mediante el control de los ingresos y el gasto de seguridad, como un antídoto para reducir la violencia en Nigeria. La violencia se cobra muchas vidas y propiedades en el país, lo que aumenta aún más la demanda de seguridad pública, traducida como un impuesto a los recursos de la nación. Además, el aumento del desempleo en Nigeria, la cual merece una atención urgente que se reduzca ya que, la literatura señala, provoca ociosidad, engaño, frustración e ira. La idea de la motivación y la tensión delictiva como un incentivo a la violencia está respaldada por la evidencia. Teniendo en cuenta la naturaleza de las variables en este estudio, probamos la endogeneidad mediante el uso de datos anuales de 1980 a 2015, antes de proceder a la prueba de la relación de largo y corto plazo. El Bound Test se usó para probar la cointegración, mientras que el enfoque del Modelo de retardo distribuido autorregresivo (ARDL), se usó para realizar pruebas de endogeneidad. La variable instrumental de ARDL también se emplea para determinar estimaciones a largo y corto plazo. Los resultados mostraron que el desempleo causa violencia; mientras que el ingreso, como variable del crecimiento económico, reduce la violencia, al nivel de significancia del 1%. De manera similar, la variable de disuasión del gasto en seguridad afect","PeriodicalId":42950,"journal":{"name":"Ensayos-Revista de la Facultad de Educacion de Albacete","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69687281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Fiscal institutions, which are responsible for the delegation of tax and spending powers among different tiers of governments, are important determinants of the size and efficiency of public redistribution. In this paper we develop a comparative analysis of the impact of fiscal decentralization vis-a-vis tax revenue sharing on the government’s effort to redistribute income. The main findings are: first, the size of the national budget for public redistribution is the same under fiscal decentralization and tax revenue sharing. Second, different fiscal institutions lead to different regional distributions of public transfers. Third, when choosing between decentralization and tax revenue sharing, there is a tradeoff between the efficiency and the regional effort of the government to redistribute income. Resumen Las instituciones fiscales, que determinan la responsabilidad del diseno de impuestos y gasto entre los diferentes niveles de gobierno, son importantes determinantes del tamano y eficiencia de la redistribucion publica. En este articulo, se desarrolla un analisis comparativo del impacto en el esfuerzo del gobierno en redistribuir el ingreso, entre la descentralizacion fiscal en y una politica de compartir el ingreso fiscal. Los principales resultados son: primero, el tamano del presupuesto en redistribucion es el mismo para una economia con descentralizacion o en la que se comparte el ingreso fiscal. Segundo, las instituciones fiscales implican una asignacion diferente en la distribucion regional de transferencias publicas. Tercero, al escoger entre descentralizacion y el compartir el ingreso fiscal, existe un intercambio entre la eficiencia y la distribucion regional de las transferencias publicas.
{"title":"Fiscal Institutions and the Size and Inter-Regional Distribution of Public Redistribution (Instituciones Fiscales y el Tamaño y Distribución Inter-Regional de la Redistribución Pública)","authors":"Raúl A. Ponce-Rodríguez, Juan Medina-Guirado","doi":"10.29105/ENSAYOS37.1-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29105/ENSAYOS37.1-1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Fiscal institutions, which are responsible for the delegation of tax and spending powers among different tiers of governments, are important determinants of the size and efficiency of public redistribution. In this paper we develop a comparative analysis of the impact of fiscal decentralization vis-a-vis tax revenue sharing on the government’s effort to redistribute income. The main findings are: first, the size of the national budget for public redistribution is the same under fiscal decentralization and tax revenue sharing. Second, different fiscal institutions lead to different regional distributions of public transfers. Third, when choosing between decentralization and tax revenue sharing, there is a tradeoff between the efficiency and the regional effort of the government to redistribute income. Resumen Las instituciones fiscales, que determinan la responsabilidad del diseno de impuestos y gasto entre los diferentes niveles de gobierno, son importantes determinantes del tamano y eficiencia de la redistribucion publica. En este articulo, se desarrolla un analisis comparativo del impacto en el esfuerzo del gobierno en redistribuir el ingreso, entre la descentralizacion fiscal en y una politica de compartir el ingreso fiscal. Los principales resultados son: primero, el tamano del presupuesto en redistribucion es el mismo para una economia con descentralizacion o en la que se comparte el ingreso fiscal. Segundo, las instituciones fiscales implican una asignacion diferente en la distribucion regional de transferencias publicas. Tercero, al escoger entre descentralizacion y el compartir el ingreso fiscal, existe un intercambio entre la eficiencia y la distribucion regional de las transferencias publicas.","PeriodicalId":42950,"journal":{"name":"Ensayos-Revista de la Facultad de Educacion de Albacete","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49111905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The purpose of this investigation is to propose a multivariate volatility model that takes into consideration time varying volatility and the property of the α-stable sub-Gaussian distribution to model heavy tails. The principal assumption is that returns follow a sub-Gaussian distribution, which is a particular multivariate stable distribution. The proposed GARCH model is applied to a Value at Risk (VAR) estimation of a portfolio composed by 5 companies listed in the Mexican Stock Exchange Index (IPC) and compared with the one obtained using the normal multivariate distribution, t-Student and Cauchy. In particular, we examine performances during the financial crisis of 2008. Resumen El objetivo de esta investigacion es proponer un modelo de volatilidad multivariable, el cual combina la propiedad de la distribucion α-estable para ajustar colas pesadas con el modelo GARCH para capturar cluster de volatilidad. El supuesto inicial es que los rendimientos siguen una distribucion sub-Gaussiana, la cual es un caso particular de las distribuciones estables multivariadas. El modelo GARCH propuesto se aplica en la estimacion del VaR a un portafolio compuesto por cinco activos que cotizan en la Bolsa Mexicana de Valores (BMV). En particular, se compara el desempeno del modelo propuesto con la estimacion del VaR obtenida bajo la hipotesis multivariada Gaussiana, t-Student y Cauchy durante el periodo de la crisis financiera de 2008.
{"title":"Estimación del VaR mediante un modelo condicional multivariado bajo la hipótesis α-estable sub-Gaussiana (A conditional approach to VaR with multivariate α-stable sub-Gaussian distributions)","authors":"Ramona Serrano-Bautista, Leovardo Mata-Mata","doi":"10.29105/ENSAYOS37.1-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29105/ENSAYOS37.1-2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The purpose of this investigation is to propose a multivariate volatility model that takes into consideration time varying volatility and the property of the α-stable sub-Gaussian distribution to model heavy tails. The principal assumption is that returns follow a sub-Gaussian distribution, which is a particular multivariate stable distribution. The proposed GARCH model is applied to a Value at Risk (VAR) estimation of a portfolio composed by 5 companies listed in the Mexican Stock Exchange Index (IPC) and compared with the one obtained using the normal multivariate distribution, t-Student and Cauchy. In particular, we examine performances during the financial crisis of 2008. Resumen El objetivo de esta investigacion es proponer un modelo de volatilidad multivariable, el cual combina la propiedad de la distribucion α-estable para ajustar colas pesadas con el modelo GARCH para capturar cluster de volatilidad. El supuesto inicial es que los rendimientos siguen una distribucion sub-Gaussiana, la cual es un caso particular de las distribuciones estables multivariadas. El modelo GARCH propuesto se aplica en la estimacion del VaR a un portafolio compuesto por cinco activos que cotizan en la Bolsa Mexicana de Valores (BMV). En particular, se compara el desempeno del modelo propuesto con la estimacion del VaR obtenida bajo la hipotesis multivariada Gaussiana, t-Student y Cauchy durante el periodo de la crisis financiera de 2008.","PeriodicalId":42950,"journal":{"name":"Ensayos-Revista de la Facultad de Educacion de Albacete","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44602212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alejandra Macias-Sanchez, Hector Juan Villareal-Paez
Abstract This article analyzes the sustainability of public health expenditures from the cost perspective of the principle chronic diseases that the Mexican population suffers and the Mexican Government would finance. Also, it pretends to contribute to the discussion of universal effective health coverage in Mexico by providing a micro simulation tool which would evaluate different scenarios about financial costs of universal coverage. As a result, fiscally sustainable proposals can be made based on this micro simulation tool that consider the demographic and epidemiological changes that translate into costs increases. Resumen Este articulo analiza la sostenibilidad del gasto publico en salud, desde la perspectiva del costo de las principales enfermedades cronicas que padece la poblacion mexicana, y que debe cubrir el gobierno federal. Asimismo, pretende abrir la discusion sobre la cobertura efectiva universal de salud en Mexico, a traves de una herramienta de microsimulacion que permita presentar y evaluar diferentes escenarios en cuanto a su costo financiero, para poder hacer propuestas de financiamiento sostenible, principalmente porque se estan enfrentando cambios demograficos y epidemiologicos que conllevan aumentos en los costos de atencion medica.
{"title":"Sostenibilidad del Gasto Público: cobertura y financiamiento de enfermedades crónicas en México (Public spending sustainability: Coverage and financing of chronic diseases in Mexico)","authors":"Alejandra Macias-Sanchez, Hector Juan Villareal-Paez","doi":"10.29105/ENSAYOS37.1-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29105/ENSAYOS37.1-4","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article analyzes the sustainability of public health expenditures from the cost perspective of the principle chronic diseases that the Mexican population suffers and the Mexican Government would finance. Also, it pretends to contribute to the discussion of universal effective health coverage in Mexico by providing a micro simulation tool which would evaluate different scenarios about financial costs of universal coverage. As a result, fiscally sustainable proposals can be made based on this micro simulation tool that consider the demographic and epidemiological changes that translate into costs increases. Resumen Este articulo analiza la sostenibilidad del gasto publico en salud, desde la perspectiva del costo de las principales enfermedades cronicas que padece la poblacion mexicana, y que debe cubrir el gobierno federal. Asimismo, pretende abrir la discusion sobre la cobertura efectiva universal de salud en Mexico, a traves de una herramienta de microsimulacion que permita presentar y evaluar diferentes escenarios en cuanto a su costo financiero, para poder hacer propuestas de financiamiento sostenible, principalmente porque se estan enfrentando cambios demograficos y epidemiologicos que conllevan aumentos en los costos de atencion medica.","PeriodicalId":42950,"journal":{"name":"Ensayos-Revista de la Facultad de Educacion de Albacete","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47932914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
En este trabajo, se pone a prueba la hipotesis de que los mismos factores afectan de manera distinta el aumento o disminucion de empresas, segun su edad. Para ello, se usan dos modelos de datos panel, cuya variable dependiente es el estrato de edad de la empresa: recien nacida, joven, adulta y mayor. En total, se estiman ocho ecuaciones utilizando variables explicativas de tipo economico y social. Entre los resultados mas importantes destaca que el PIB, PIB per capita, la TIIE, la Tasa de interes bancaria y la liquidez de la economia ejercen el mismo efecto, ceteris paribus, sobre la cantidad de empresas, independientemente de su edad. No obstante, la migracion y la inseguridad afectan solo a las empresas recien nacidas y a las jovenes.
{"title":"Determinantes del aumento o disminución de empresas: Análisis por entidad federativa y estrato de edad The (Determinants of the Increase and Decrease in the Number of Firms: An Analysis by State and Age Stratum)","authors":"Rolando I. Valdez, E. N. Ramírez","doi":"10.29105/ENSAYOS37.1-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29105/ENSAYOS37.1-3","url":null,"abstract":"En este trabajo, se pone a prueba la hipotesis de que los mismos factores afectan de manera distinta el aumento o disminucion de empresas, segun su edad. Para ello, se usan dos modelos de datos panel, cuya variable dependiente es el estrato de edad de la empresa: recien nacida, joven, adulta y mayor. En total, se estiman ocho ecuaciones utilizando variables explicativas de tipo economico y social. Entre los resultados mas importantes destaca que el PIB, PIB per capita, la TIIE, la Tasa de interes bancaria y la liquidez de la economia ejercen el mismo efecto, ceteris paribus, sobre la cantidad de empresas, independientemente de su edad. No obstante, la migracion y la inseguridad afectan solo a las empresas recien nacidas y a las jovenes.","PeriodicalId":42950,"journal":{"name":"Ensayos-Revista de la Facultad de Educacion de Albacete","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47972094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rafael Eduardo Saavedra Leyva, Carlos H. Flores Orona
This paper shows the relationship between foreign direct investment and governance of Latin American countries. In order to avoid multicollinearity problems with the "worldwide governance indicators", we build up a government efficiency index. Overall, the results show that the government efficiency index has a direct and significant relationship to foreign direct investment. Therefore, this paper highlights the role of governance to attract foreign investors. En este trabajo se analiza la relacion entre la inversion extranjera directa y la gobernabilidad de los paises de America Latina. Se elabora un indice de eficiencia gubernamental que incorpora los indicadores del “ Worldwide Governance Indicators ” para evitar problemas de multicolinealidad. En general, los resultados del estudio muestran que el indice de eficiencia gubernamental exhibe una relacion positiva y significativa con la inversion extranjera directa. Por lo tanto, este trabajo destaca el rol que ostenta la gobernabilidad como mecanismo de atraccion de inversionistas extranjeros.
{"title":"La Gobernabilidad como un determinante de la inversión extranjera directa en América Latina","authors":"Rafael Eduardo Saavedra Leyva, Carlos H. Flores Orona","doi":"10.29105/ENSAYOS36.2-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29105/ENSAYOS36.2-2","url":null,"abstract":"This paper shows the relationship between foreign direct investment and governance of Latin American countries. In order to avoid multicollinearity problems with the \"worldwide governance indicators\", we build up a government efficiency index. Overall, the results show that the government efficiency index has a direct and significant relationship to foreign direct investment. Therefore, this paper highlights the role of governance to attract foreign investors. En este trabajo se analiza la relacion entre la inversion extranjera directa y la gobernabilidad de los paises de America Latina. Se elabora un indice de eficiencia gubernamental que incorpora los indicadores del “ Worldwide Governance Indicators ” para evitar problemas de multicolinealidad. En general, los resultados del estudio muestran que el indice de eficiencia gubernamental exhibe una relacion positiva y significativa con la inversion extranjera directa. Por lo tanto, este trabajo destaca el rol que ostenta la gobernabilidad como mecanismo de atraccion de inversionistas extranjeros.","PeriodicalId":42950,"journal":{"name":"Ensayos-Revista de la Facultad de Educacion de Albacete","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43759887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar empiricamente el papel que juegan los precios de la energia en el crecimiento economico de Mexico. Para lo cual se expone un modelo de crecimiento endogeno de dos sectores que muestra la relacion entre precio de energia con crecimiento del producto y consumo de energia. Los resultados muestran que la tasa de crecimiento de la produccion y el consumo de energia se ven afectados negativamente por la tasa de crecimiento del precio de la energia.
{"title":"Crecimiento económico, precios y consumo de energía en México. (Economic growth, price and power consumption in Mexico)","authors":"J. Arreola, Humberto Ríos Bolívar","doi":"10.29105/ensayos36.1-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29105/ensayos36.1-3","url":null,"abstract":"El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar empiricamente el papel que juegan los precios de la energia en el crecimiento economico de Mexico. Para lo cual se expone un modelo de crecimiento endogeno de dos sectores que muestra la relacion entre precio de energia con crecimiento del producto y consumo de energia. Los resultados muestran que la tasa de crecimiento de la produccion y el consumo de energia se ven afectados negativamente por la tasa de crecimiento del precio de la energia.","PeriodicalId":42950,"journal":{"name":"Ensayos-Revista de la Facultad de Educacion de Albacete","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69687266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. C. Chávez, Felipe J. Fonseca, Manuel Gómez-Saldívar
In this article, we analyze the relationship between the economic growth rate and a rule of law indicator in Mexican states during the period 2006–2013. Specifically, we employ information regarding the time it takes to solve commercial disputes in local courts, which we use as a proxy variable to measure the efficiency of the justice system. In principle, we expect that the shorter the time it takes to resolve commercial disputes, the higher the growth rates will be in the states where the firms are located. Long, drawn-out court disputes are costly for firms, which in turn may translate into lower growth rates due to the negative impact of these costs on their levels of investment. The results suggest that a 100-day decrease in the time it takes to resolve a commercial dispute is associated with an increase of 0.6 per cent in the average GDP per capita growth rate in Mexican states.
{"title":"Resoluciones de disputas comerciales y desempeño económico regional en México","authors":"J. C. Chávez, Felipe J. Fonseca, Manuel Gómez-Saldívar","doi":"10.29105/ENSAYOS36.1-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29105/ENSAYOS36.1-4","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we analyze the relationship between the economic growth rate and a rule of law indicator in Mexican states during the period 2006–2013. Specifically, we employ information regarding the time it takes to solve commercial disputes in local courts, which we use as a proxy variable to measure the efficiency of the justice system. In principle, we expect that the shorter the time it takes to resolve commercial disputes, the higher the growth rates will be in the states where the firms are located. Long, drawn-out court disputes are costly for firms, which in turn may translate into lower growth rates due to the negative impact of these costs on their levels of investment. The results suggest that a 100-day decrease in the time it takes to resolve a commercial dispute is associated with an increase of 0.6 per cent in the average GDP per capita growth rate in Mexican states.","PeriodicalId":42950,"journal":{"name":"Ensayos-Revista de la Facultad de Educacion de Albacete","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49240079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Héctor F. Salazar-Núñez, F. Venegas-Martínez, Cuahutémoc Calderón-Villareal
This paper analyses the existence of long memory in the major stock markets in the world, and if this is the case, whether it’s due to the type of econometric models used, the period of study or the frequency of data (intraday, daily, weekly, etc.)? To do this, we perform a comparative analysis between the empirical results of ARFIMA and GARCH models. The stock markets that showed consistent results of long memory, regardless of the method, the period and the frequency were China and South Korea. The first one exhibits long memory, and the other a short one.
{"title":"¿Existe memoria larga en mercados bursátiles, o depende del modelo, periodo o frecuencia?","authors":"Héctor F. Salazar-Núñez, F. Venegas-Martínez, Cuahutémoc Calderón-Villareal","doi":"10.29105/ENSAYOS36.1-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29105/ENSAYOS36.1-1","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyses the existence of long memory in the major stock markets in the world, and if this is the case, whether it’s due to the type of econometric models used, the period of study or the frequency of data (intraday, daily, weekly, etc.)? To do this, we perform a comparative analysis between the empirical results of ARFIMA and GARCH models. The stock markets that showed consistent results of long memory, regardless of the method, the period and the frequency were China and South Korea. The first one exhibits long memory, and the other a short one.","PeriodicalId":42950,"journal":{"name":"Ensayos-Revista de la Facultad de Educacion de Albacete","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47283182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite the recent episodes of criminal activity intensification in Mexico, it is striking the scarcity of studies analyzing its relationship with unemployment rate fluctuations. The aim of this research is to evaluate the impact that an external shock of a surprising increase in unemployment rates would have upon crime activity, particularly, robberies in Mexico’s northern Border States. To this end, a spatial Bayesian VAR that follows LeSage and Cashell (2015) is applied. Results suggest a heterogeneous response of robberies across northern Border States. For instance, in some states such as Chihuahua, the number of robberies seems to deploy transitory effects, while Tamaulipas appears to be less sensitive to own and neighbor state unemployment fluctuations.
{"title":"Unemployment and crime in the Northern-border states of Mexico: a spatial-Bayesian autoregressive vector approach","authors":"V. H. Torres‐Preciado","doi":"10.29105/ENSAYOS36.1-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29105/ENSAYOS36.1-2","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the recent episodes of criminal activity intensification in Mexico, it is striking the scarcity of studies analyzing its relationship with unemployment rate fluctuations. The aim of this research is to evaluate the impact that an external shock of a surprising increase in unemployment rates would have upon crime activity, particularly, robberies in Mexico’s northern Border States. To this end, a spatial Bayesian VAR that follows LeSage and Cashell (2015) is applied. Results suggest a heterogeneous response of robberies across northern Border States. For instance, in some states such as Chihuahua, the number of robberies seems to deploy transitory effects, while Tamaulipas appears to be less sensitive to own and neighbor state unemployment fluctuations.","PeriodicalId":42950,"journal":{"name":"Ensayos-Revista de la Facultad de Educacion de Albacete","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42634232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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