Traditional medieval channels of trade between England and the countries of the Mediterranean were transformed by English commercial expansion during the sixteenth century. In the seventeenth century, the English, the Dutch and the French acquired a preeminent role in the long-distance trade between Northern Europe and the countries of the Mediterranean. They also played an important role in the transport of goods by sea from one Mediterranean country to another (the so-called ‘carrying trade’). This paper examines the patterns of maritime trade between Naples, Sicily and England in the 16th and 17th centuries. Particular attention will be paid to trade routes and the quantitative and qualitative scope of the trade. Finally, this paper considers the inevitable political implications of the English commercial presence in Southern Italy, Sicily and the western Mediterranean.
{"title":"Merchants and Trade between Naples, Sicily and England in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries.","authors":"Salvatore Bottari","doi":"10.1400/262839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1400/262839","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional medieval channels of trade between England and the countries of the Mediterranean were transformed by English commercial expansion during the sixteenth century. In the seventeenth century, the English, the Dutch and the French acquired a preeminent role in the long-distance trade between Northern Europe and the countries of the Mediterranean. They also played an important role in the transport of goods by sea from one Mediterranean country to another (the so-called ‘carrying trade’). This paper examines the patterns of maritime trade between Naples, Sicily and England in the 16th and 17th centuries. Particular attention will be paid to trade routes and the quantitative and qualitative scope of the trade. Finally, this paper considers the inevitable political implications of the English commercial presence in Southern Italy, Sicily and the western Mediterranean.","PeriodicalId":42962,"journal":{"name":"NUOVA RIVISTA STORICA","volume":"502 1","pages":"581-594"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66624506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As the Fourteenth was the century of the Conciliarism, of the Franciscan Observances diffusion, of the redefining of euro-mediterranean boundaries and – in Italy – of new regional political assets, for those and other reasons in that period the idea and practice of pilgrimage deeply changed, and the centrality of Jerusalem in the Latin Christendom decreased its importance. In the late medieval preaching the issue of pilgrimage to Jerusalem was marginal and mostly stereotype. One symptom of the deep cultural change taking place it is apparent from the fact that Franciscan friars, while profoundly involved in the maintenance of Holy Land shrines, promoted in Italy new devotional approaches to Jerusalem, intended in a symbolic sense: the reproductions of the holy places as the “Sacro Monte” of Varallo and the “Gerusalemme” of San Vivaldo.
{"title":"Gerusalemme e il pellegrinaggio ad loca sancta nella pastorale tardo medievale","authors":"C. Iannella","doi":"10.1400/242809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1400/242809","url":null,"abstract":"As the Fourteenth was the century of the Conciliarism, of the Franciscan Observances diffusion, of the redefining of euro-mediterranean boundaries and – in Italy – of new regional political assets, for those and other reasons in that period the idea and practice of pilgrimage deeply changed, and the centrality of Jerusalem in the Latin Christendom decreased its importance. In the late medieval preaching the issue of pilgrimage to Jerusalem was marginal and mostly stereotype. One symptom of the deep cultural change taking place it is apparent from the fact that Franciscan friars, while profoundly involved in the maintenance of Holy Land shrines, promoted in Italy new devotional approaches to Jerusalem, intended in a symbolic sense: the reproductions of the holy places as the “Sacro Monte” of Varallo and the “Gerusalemme” of San Vivaldo.","PeriodicalId":42962,"journal":{"name":"NUOVA RIVISTA STORICA","volume":"13 1","pages":"551-567"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66624342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"L'Italia e la guerra austro-prussiana del 1866 : alcuni aspetti politici e diplomatici","authors":"L. Monzali","doi":"10.1400/247574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1400/247574","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42962,"journal":{"name":"NUOVA RIVISTA STORICA","volume":"1 1","pages":"773-802"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66624009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article focuses on Giacinto Dragonetti’s Origins of the Fiefs in the Neapolitan and Sicilian Kingdom. The book was published in 1788 as expression of the governmental policy concerning the good interpretation of the Volentes chapter and the right exerted by the fiscal system on the fiefs without heirs. Through a detailed analysis of the text and the context into which it was written, the article aims to deepen the knowledge of the cultural changes caused by the intertwining among historiography, politics and law into the framework of the discussions relating the feudal matter in the second half of the Eighteenth century. Paying particular attention to the epistemological and methodological innovations in the fields of the textual critics and philological erudition, as well as in the larger outlook of the social and natural sciences, the author points out the “pre-historicist” bent acquired by the history of law through the development of evolutionary and dynamic conceptions (such as the theory of epigenesis), which were alternative to the hypothetical and analogical ones at that time prevailing. The study of the origins of the fiefs borrowed many heuristic innovations from different disciplinary fields in a complex way, fostering the way to the writing of proper constitutional histories.
{"title":"L'origine dei feudi nei Regni di Napoli e Sicilia nell'opera di Giacinto Dragonetti","authors":"Luigi Alonzi","doi":"10.1400/247575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1400/247575","url":null,"abstract":"The article focuses on Giacinto Dragonetti’s Origins of the Fiefs in the Neapolitan and Sicilian Kingdom. The book was published in 1788 as expression of the governmental policy concerning the good interpretation of the Volentes chapter and the right exerted by the fiscal system on the fiefs without heirs. Through a detailed analysis of the text and the context into which it was written, the article aims to deepen the knowledge of the cultural changes caused by the intertwining among historiography, politics and law into the framework of the discussions relating the feudal matter in the second half of the Eighteenth century. Paying particular attention to the epistemological and methodological innovations in the fields of the textual critics and philological erudition, as well as in the larger outlook of the social and natural sciences, the author points out the “pre-historicist” bent acquired by the history of law through the development of evolutionary and dynamic conceptions (such as the theory of epigenesis), which were alternative to the hypothetical and analogical ones at that time prevailing. The study of the origins of the fiefs borrowed many heuristic innovations from different disciplinary fields in a complex way, fostering the way to the writing of proper constitutional histories.","PeriodicalId":42962,"journal":{"name":"NUOVA RIVISTA STORICA","volume":"100 1","pages":"803-839"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66624022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The war of ideas of Bourbon Legitimism was fought between 1861 and 1866, by Neapolitan writers and polemicists who worked out a mystical elaboration of duo-Sicilian resistance and, simultaneously, an innovative representation of lost Nation, during the final crisis of the reign. The authors have modified their patriotic identity to get a desperate revenge, completely failed from the political and military point of view, but able to offer to fighters, polemicists, exiles the awareness of the dramatic battle for the restoration of the Bourbon dynasty and the independence of the Reign. The war of ideas was closely connected to the experience of defeat, to the armed resistance and to his memory. Neapolitan resistance had produced a harsh and mobilizing rhetoric. Books, pamphlets, documents, posters, proclamations were marked by their categorical imperatives of a state of war. The study of the war of ideas offers this perspective, analysing the theoretical and intellectual tools that legitimists used to justify the resistance to the new State, producing an original culture of the vanquished and a new Bourbon patriotic identity: different from the old «historical and political personalities» that was among the founding reasons of the Kingdom of Naples.
{"title":"Il patriottismo di guerra napoletano, 1861-1866","authors":"Carmine Pinto","doi":"10.1400/247576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1400/247576","url":null,"abstract":"The war of ideas of Bourbon Legitimism was fought between 1861 and 1866, by Neapolitan writers and polemicists who worked out a mystical elaboration of duo-Sicilian resistance and, simultaneously, an innovative representation of lost Nation, during the final crisis of the reign. The authors have modified their patriotic identity to get a desperate revenge, completely failed from the political and military point of view, but able to offer to fighters, polemicists, exiles the awareness of the dramatic battle for the restoration of the Bourbon dynasty and the independence of the Reign. The war of ideas was closely connected to the experience of defeat, to the armed resistance and to his memory. Neapolitan resistance had produced a harsh and mobilizing rhetoric. Books, pamphlets, documents, posters, proclamations were marked by their categorical imperatives of a state of war. The study of the war of ideas offers this perspective, analysing the theoretical and intellectual tools that legitimists used to justify the resistance to the new State, producing an original culture of the vanquished and a new Bourbon patriotic identity: different from the old «historical and political personalities» that was among the founding reasons of the Kingdom of Naples.","PeriodicalId":42962,"journal":{"name":"NUOVA RIVISTA STORICA","volume":"100 1","pages":"841-869"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66624062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emile Ollivier was a French political leader who, as Minister of Justice under Napoleon III, authored a plan for achieving a governmental compromise between Bonapartist autocracy and parliamentary democracy. Ollivier was appointed Commissioner-General of the Bouches-du-Rhone Departement at the outbreak of the Revolution of 1848. When Louis-Napoleon became President of the Republic (December 1848), Ollivier was dismissed from his post and from 1849 to 1857 held no public office. Elected to the Legislative Assembly in 1857, Ollivier became one of the republican minority known as «the Five», which viewed Napoleon’s regime with hostility. But when the Emperor made liberal concessions in November 1860, Ollivier offered his support to him if Napoleon would establish representative government. Ollivier soon broke with the Republicans and began working with the Duke de Mornay for a «Liberal Empire» that would incorporate elements of parliamentary government. On January 2, 1870, Napoleon appointed Ollivier Minister of Justice at the head of a government chosen from the leaders of a majority in parliament. Ollivier drew up a new constitution that was approved in a plebiscite by nearly 70 percent of the voters, and he set up numerous commissions to prepare the complete reform of such areas as labour, education, and law. He seemed to have transformed the Second Empire from despotism to constitutional monarchy without bloodshed or violence. Ollivier’s work was ruined by the outbreak of the Franco-German War little more than six months after he came to power. The French military reverses soon obliged him to resign, which he did on August 9, 1870, and he never returned to politics. In the remaining 43 years of his life, Ollivier cultivated his wide interests and varied talents. At 65 he wrote L’Empire liberal, partly a history of the Second Empire, partly an apologetic account of his political activity and a defence of Napoleon III’s regime. In his late pamphlets (1889-1894), Ollivier blamed the French Constitutional Laws of 1875 whose parliamentary organization was contrary to the republican principles of popular sovereignty and incompatible to the absolute freedom of executive power
{"title":"Révolution française, Second Empire, Troisième République : à propos d'Émile Ollivier","authors":"Eugenio di Rienzo","doi":"10.1400/239816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1400/239816","url":null,"abstract":"Emile Ollivier was a French political leader who, as Minister of Justice under Napoleon III, authored a plan for achieving a governmental compromise between Bonapartist autocracy and parliamentary democracy. Ollivier was appointed Commissioner-General of the Bouches-du-Rhone Departement at the outbreak of the Revolution of 1848. When Louis-Napoleon became President of the Republic (December 1848), Ollivier was dismissed from his post and from 1849 to 1857 held no public office. Elected to the Legislative Assembly in 1857, Ollivier became one of the republican minority known as «the Five», which viewed Napoleon’s regime with hostility. But when the Emperor made liberal concessions in November 1860, Ollivier offered his support to him if Napoleon would establish representative government. Ollivier soon broke with the Republicans and began working with the Duke de Mornay for a «Liberal Empire» that would incorporate elements of parliamentary government. On January 2, 1870, Napoleon appointed Ollivier Minister of Justice at the head of a government chosen from the leaders of a majority in parliament. Ollivier drew up a new constitution that was approved in a plebiscite by nearly 70 percent of the voters, and he set up numerous commissions to prepare the complete reform of such areas as labour, education, and law. He seemed to have transformed the Second Empire from despotism to constitutional monarchy without bloodshed or violence. Ollivier’s work was ruined by the outbreak of the Franco-German War little more than six months after he came to power. The French military reverses soon obliged him to resign, which he did on August 9, 1870, and he never returned to politics. In the remaining 43 years of his life, Ollivier cultivated his wide interests and varied talents. At 65 he wrote L’Empire liberal, partly a history of the Second Empire, partly an apologetic account of his political activity and a defence of Napoleon III’s regime. In his late pamphlets (1889-1894), Ollivier blamed the French Constitutional Laws of 1875 whose parliamentary organization was contrary to the republican principles of popular sovereignty and incompatible to the absolute freedom of executive power","PeriodicalId":42962,"journal":{"name":"NUOVA RIVISTA STORICA","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66623661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The journey of the Florentine clerics Bernardo Michelozzi (1455-1519) and Bonsignore Bonsignori (1468-1530) to Jerusalem, via Edessa, Constantinople and the west coast of Anatolia (1497-98), is one of the most celebrated “humanist” pilgrimages in the early Renaissance. Michelozzi’s passionate search for geek books and Bonsignori’s unusual attention for ancient sites and monuments has long since attracted scholars interested in the history of ancient heritage. By means of a new transcription (made available by Bruno Figliuolo) of Bonsignori’s letters and travel report, the paper offers an ‘archaeological’ commentary of the stages of the journey in the light of the up-to-date literature.
{"title":"Un pellegrinaggio atipico : archeologia e topografia nel viaggio del Levante di Bernardo Michelozzi e Bonsignore Bonsignori, 1497-149","authors":"L. Rebaudo","doi":"10.1400/242812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1400/242812","url":null,"abstract":"The journey of the Florentine clerics Bernardo Michelozzi (1455-1519) and Bonsignore Bonsignori (1468-1530) to Jerusalem, via Edessa, Constantinople and the west coast of Anatolia (1497-98), is one of the most celebrated “humanist” pilgrimages in the early Renaissance. Michelozzi’s passionate search for geek books and Bonsignori’s unusual attention for ancient sites and monuments has long since attracted scholars interested in the history of ancient heritage. By means of a new transcription (made available by Bruno Figliuolo) of Bonsignori’s letters and travel report, the paper offers an ‘archaeological’ commentary of the stages of the journey in the light of the up-to-date literature.","PeriodicalId":42962,"journal":{"name":"NUOVA RIVISTA STORICA","volume":"100 1","pages":"639-660"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66623905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The so-called “Codice Rustici”, currently preserved in the library of the Seminario Maggiore in Florence, next to the famous church called “Cestello” (Cistercium) in the district of San Frediano in Oltrarno, and recently published, is characterized by its unique structure. The text can be attributed, at least largely, to Marco di Bartolomeo Rustici, who tells of his pilgrimage to the Holy Land in the Forties of the Fifteenth century, disseminating the main account of multiple digressions (to the point it looks more like a encyclopedic hotchpotch than a diary); the written text is accompanied by beautiful tables drawn and colored, illustrating the main buildings of Florence in those times. The Codice Rustici was hitherto indeed famous and much-quoted for its illustrations, while the text was very little frequented and quoted by the scholars who study the pilgrimage to the Holy Land and its testimonies. In this essay, after detecting the main features of his diary, identifying some of its possible sources, and discussing the unlikely chance that it corresponds to a travel experience really made, we conclude it is to be read as a text with a hidden meaning, where the author celebrate Florence as “true Jerusalem”, a city of peace and justice.
所谓的“Codice Rustici”，目前保存在佛罗伦萨的semario Maggiore图书馆，紧邻着著名的教堂“Cestello”(cstercium)，位于Oltrarno的San Frediano区，最近出版，其结构独特。该文本至少在很大程度上可以归因于马可·迪·巴尔托洛米奥·鲁斯蒂奇(Marco di Bartolomeo Rustici)，他讲述了他在15世纪40年代前往圣地的朝圣之旅，传播了多种离题的主要叙述(在某种程度上，它看起来更像是百科全书的大杂烩，而不是日记);书面文字配有精美的彩色表格，说明了当时佛罗伦萨的主要建筑。迄今为止，《古抄本》的插图确实很有名，被很多人引用，而研究圣地朝圣及其见证的学者很少经常引用和引用它的文本。在这篇文章中，在发现了他的日记的主要特征，确定了一些可能的来源，并讨论了它与真正的旅行经历相对应的不太可能的机会之后，我们得出结论，这是一篇具有隐藏含义的文本，作者将佛罗伦萨庆祝为“真正的耶路撒冷”，一个和平与正义的城市。
{"title":"Verso Gerusalemme? : nota su un pellegrinaggio, forse, immaginario","authors":"F. Cardini","doi":"10.1400/242814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1400/242814","url":null,"abstract":"The so-called “Codice Rustici”, currently preserved in the library of the Seminario Maggiore in Florence, next to the famous church called “Cestello” (Cistercium) in the district of San Frediano in Oltrarno, and recently published, is characterized by its unique structure. The text can be attributed, at least largely, to Marco di Bartolomeo Rustici, who tells of his pilgrimage to the Holy Land in the Forties of the Fifteenth century, disseminating the main account of multiple digressions (to the point it looks more like a encyclopedic hotchpotch than a diary); the written text is accompanied by beautiful tables drawn and colored, illustrating the main buildings of Florence in those times. The Codice Rustici was hitherto indeed famous and much-quoted for its illustrations, while the text was very little frequented and quoted by the scholars who study the pilgrimage to the Holy Land and its testimonies. In this essay, after detecting the main features of his diary, identifying some of its possible sources, and discussing the unlikely chance that it corresponds to a travel experience really made, we conclude it is to be read as a text with a hidden meaning, where the author celebrate Florence as “true Jerusalem”, a city of peace and justice.","PeriodicalId":42962,"journal":{"name":"NUOVA RIVISTA STORICA","volume":"100 1","pages":"661-676"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66623917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present essay aims to launch among medieval and early modern historians a discussion about the features that should have editions of some kinds of historical texts such as accounts of pilgrimage. As a rule, the editions of the last decades are very conservative: they inform on the conditions, often disastrous, of the witnesses, but they tend to faithfully reproduce all the fallacies of the copy they follow and therefore they do not offer to the readers a reliable text, that is, a text close, as far as possible, to the intention of author
{"title":"Come pubblicare i testi di pellegrinaggio : edizioni storiche vs edizioni letterarie o semplicemente buone edizioni?","authors":"Paolo Trovato","doi":"10.1400/242805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1400/242805","url":null,"abstract":"The present essay aims to launch among medieval and early modern historians a discussion about the features that should have editions of some kinds of historical texts such as accounts of pilgrimage. As a rule, the editions of the last decades are very conservative: they inform on the conditions, often disastrous, of the witnesses, but they tend to faithfully reproduce all the fallacies of the copy they follow and therefore they do not offer to the readers a reliable text, that is, a text close, as far as possible, to the intention of author","PeriodicalId":42962,"journal":{"name":"NUOVA RIVISTA STORICA","volume":"100 1","pages":"391-420"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66624252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this essay are published eleven documents of the Tirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries illustrating the relations, above all commercial ones, between Pisa and the levantine Harbours of Egypt and of the Byzantine Empire. One of these was written in 1359 in Caffa and probably is the first one known survived in original.
{"title":"Carte pisane due-trecentesche inedite relative al Levante","authors":"Bruno Figliuolo","doi":"10.1400/242815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1400/242815","url":null,"abstract":"In this essay are published eleven documents of the Tirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries illustrating the relations, above all commercial ones, between Pisa and the levantine Harbours of Egypt and of the Byzantine Empire. One of these was written in 1359 in Caffa and probably is the first one known survived in original.","PeriodicalId":42962,"journal":{"name":"NUOVA RIVISTA STORICA","volume":"100 1","pages":"677-693"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66623964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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