The article analyses the demographic development of Czech Republic in 2022 and sets it in the context of demographic trends in the last decade 2013–2022. The study focuses on the main demographic processes, namely fertility, mortality, nuptiality, divorce rate, and migration. The population of the Czech Republic grew as a result of the positive balance of international migration in 2022. Although the number of deaths decreased significantly year-on-year, the number of live births decreased considerably as well. Life expectancy at birth has increased for both sexes. The number of marriages increased to the level of 2018. The divorce rate continued its decline and, unlike nuptiality, it did not return to its pre-pandemic level.
{"title":"Population Development in the Czech Republic in 2022","authors":"Jana Koukalová","doi":"10.54694/dem.0336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54694/dem.0336","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyses the demographic development of Czech Republic in 2022 and sets it in the context of demographic trends in the last decade 2013–2022. The study focuses on the main demographic processes, namely fertility, mortality, nuptiality, divorce rate, and migration. The population of the Czech Republic grew as a result of the positive balance of international migration in 2022. Although the number of deaths decreased significantly year-on-year, the number of live births decreased considerably as well. Life expectancy at birth has increased for both sexes. The number of marriages increased to the level of 2018. The divorce rate continued its decline and, unlike nuptiality, it did not return to its pre-pandemic level.","PeriodicalId":42968,"journal":{"name":"Demografie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139021587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marriage formation and dissolution behaviours have changed significantly over time in Czechia. This article studies in greater detail the marital behaviour changes observed in the period 1993–2022 using the LIPRO 4.0 multistate programme, which allows for a detailed analysis of changes in life expectancy according to years spent in each marital state, marriage formation and dissolution behaviours, and the average ages at the time of different marital status events. The probabilities for the transition to the divorced and to the remarried state at selected ages are also presented, along with a status-quo projection of the Czech population until 2030. The results indicate the continued postponement of marriage and subsequent marital events. Czechs have been spending an increasing time never-married since the establishment of Czechia. However, recent improvements in first marriage and remarriage rates at the same time as declining divorce rates since 2019 suggest a renewed interest in marriage. Despite these positive developments, the population projection indicates a continued increase in the never-married population.
{"title":"Recent Changes in Marriage Formation and Dissolution Behaviour in Czechia","authors":"Friederike Feige","doi":"10.54694/dem.0334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54694/dem.0334","url":null,"abstract":"Marriage formation and dissolution behaviours have changed significantly over time in Czechia. This article studies in greater detail the marital behaviour changes observed in the period 1993–2022 using the LIPRO 4.0 multistate programme, which allows for a detailed analysis of changes in life expectancy according to years spent in each marital state, marriage formation and dissolution behaviours, and the average ages at the time of different marital status events. The probabilities for the transition to the divorced and to the remarried state at selected ages are also presented, along with a status-quo projection of the Czech population until 2030. The results indicate the continued postponement of marriage and subsequent marital events. Czechs have been spending an increasing time never-married since the establishment of Czechia. However, recent improvements in first marriage and remarriage rates at the same time as declining divorce rates since 2019 suggest a renewed interest in marriage. Despite these positive developments, the population projection indicates a continued increase in the never-married population.","PeriodicalId":42968,"journal":{"name":"Demografie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139017020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The municipalities in Slovakia in which the majority of people live in Roma settlements are characterised by several specific features. However, only limited attention has been paid to the process of migration and especially internal migration. The main goal of this article is the analysis of internal migration in selected municipalities with the highest proportion (more than 80%) of people living in Roma settlements. We tried to identify both the total volume and intensity of internal migration from and to the analysed municipalities, along with the available structural characteristics of the persons who changed their permanent residence. The results we obtained confirmed lower migration dynamics in these municipalities. We also found that economic factors do not play a significant role in migration within Slovakia. The most important reasons for migration were housing, for younger people following a family member who migrated, and, in older age groups, health reasons, especially in the case of emigrants. Factors behind the younger age of migrants from and to these municipalities include the fact that these migrants tend to complete education and begin some family transitions (childbearing, marriage) earlier than the majority population. Higher chances of migration were confirmed for more educated persons and, except among younger people, for people who not married. The results also confirmed the relatively narrow geographical area in which migration occurs, with most moves taking place over a short distance.
{"title":"Internal migration from and to municipalities in Slovakia with the highest proportion of people living in Roma settlements","authors":"Nikoleta Slavíková, B. Šprocha","doi":"10.54694/dem.0321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54694/dem.0321","url":null,"abstract":"The municipalities in Slovakia in which the majority of people live in Roma settlements are characterised by several specific features. However, only limited attention has been paid to the process of migration and especially internal migration. The main goal of this article is the analysis of internal migration in selected municipalities with the highest proportion (more than 80%) of people living in Roma settlements. We tried to identify both the total volume and intensity of internal migration from and to the analysed municipalities, along with the available structural characteristics of the persons who changed their permanent residence. The results we obtained confirmed lower migration dynamics in these municipalities. We also found that economic factors do not play a significant role in migration within Slovakia. The most important reasons for migration were housing, for younger people following a family member who migrated, and, in older age groups, health reasons, especially in the case of emigrants. Factors behind the younger age of migrants from and to these municipalities include the fact that these migrants tend to complete education and begin some family transitions (childbearing, marriage) earlier than the majority population. Higher chances of migration were confirmed for more educated persons and, except among younger people, for people who not married. The results also confirmed the relatively narrow geographical area in which migration occurs, with most moves taking place over a short distance.","PeriodicalId":42968,"journal":{"name":"Demografie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139025987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Population ageing in the United States has resulted in a substantial increase in retiree households. Understanding consumer behaviour among older individuals is crucial for assessing their well-being and living conditions. This study emphasises the importance of recognising the unique needs and preferences of older consumers, as their consumption patterns have a significant influence on household expenditures. While the stereotype of frugal retirees has evolved and active seniors are now portrayed as high spenders, the Covid-19 pandemic highlighted seniors' practical and realistic approach to their spending and challenged the popular notion of a lifestyle of forever-young seniors. Seniors still prioritise essential goods and services. During the pandemic, health-related expenditures increased, and they adapted their leisure activities to home-based alternatives. Our study investigates whether pre-retirees and retirees have shifted from prioritising retirement savings to focusing on essential needs like healthcare and housing, or whether they are allocating resources for experiences and travel to enhance their quality of life before and after retirement. Seniors exhibit distinct consumption patterns, with higher expenditures on health, personal care, and leisure activities than younger age groups. Consequently, businesses and policymakers need to develop strategies that account for the diverse consumption patterns of seniors, rather than assuming they will adopt the preferences of younger generations. The silver economy represents a dynamic and expanding market, particularly in the health and social care sector, offering substantial opportunities for investment.
{"title":"The Eternal Youth Fallacy in the Face of a Pandemic: Senior Spending Patterns and the Silver Economy in the United States","authors":"O. Hudec, Marcela Káčerová, S. Ondoš","doi":"10.54694/dem.0319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54694/dem.0319","url":null,"abstract":"Population ageing in the United States has resulted in a substantial increase in retiree households. Understanding consumer behaviour among older individuals is crucial for assessing their well-being and living conditions. This study emphasises the importance of recognising the unique needs and preferences of older consumers, as their consumption patterns have a significant influence on household expenditures. While the stereotype of frugal retirees has evolved and active seniors are now portrayed as high spenders, the Covid-19 pandemic highlighted seniors' practical and realistic approach to their spending and challenged the popular notion of a lifestyle of forever-young seniors. Seniors still prioritise essential goods and services. During the pandemic, health-related expenditures increased, and they adapted their leisure activities to home-based alternatives. Our study investigates whether pre-retirees and retirees have shifted from prioritising retirement savings to focusing on essential needs like healthcare and housing, or whether they are allocating resources for experiences and travel to enhance their quality of life before and after retirement. Seniors exhibit distinct consumption patterns, with higher expenditures on health, personal care, and leisure activities than younger age groups. Consequently, businesses and policymakers need to develop strategies that account for the diverse consumption patterns of seniors, rather than assuming they will adopt the preferences of younger generations. The silver economy represents a dynamic and expanding market, particularly in the health and social care sector, offering substantial opportunities for investment.","PeriodicalId":42968,"journal":{"name":"Demografie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139020614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Demographic ageing brings with it many challenges for contemporary society. One of them includes an increase in the demand for social services. This article evaluates the current capacity of residential social services for seniors in the administrative districts of municipalities with extended powers (AD MEP) in the Vysočina Region and an outline of their possible future development. Based on a population projection we compiled and the current capacity of residential social services, we calculated model estimates of the capacity of these facilities in the administrative districts of the Vysočina Region. We found that in order to maintain the current availability of accommodation services, capacity needs to be increased on average by more than one-third by 2050. The highest relative increase in capacity should occur in AD MEP Velké Meziříčí and AD MEP Jihlava, because these are the districts that are expected to see the biggest increase in the number of senior citizens.
{"title":"Současný stav a perspektivy vývoje kapacit pobytových sociálních služeb pro seniory v SO ORP Kraje Vysočina","authors":"Tereza Havelková","doi":"10.54694/dem.0320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54694/dem.0320","url":null,"abstract":"Demographic ageing brings with it many challenges for contemporary society. One of them includes an increase in the demand for social services. This article evaluates the current capacity of residential social services for seniors in the administrative districts of municipalities with extended powers (AD MEP) in the Vysočina Region and an outline of their possible future development. Based on a population projection we compiled and the current capacity of residential social services, we calculated model estimates of the capacity of these facilities in the administrative districts of the Vysočina Region. We found that in order to maintain the current availability of accommodation services, capacity needs to be increased on average by more than one-third by 2050. The highest relative increase in capacity should occur in AD MEP Velké Meziříčí and AD MEP Jihlava, because these are the districts that are expected to see the biggest increase in the number of senior citizens.","PeriodicalId":42968,"journal":{"name":"Demografie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135305298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines the changes in the religious structure of the population of Slovakia from a geographic perspective between 2001 and 2021 with a focus on the five largest churches in Slovakia (Roman Catholic Church, Evangelical Lutheran Church of the Augsburg Confession, Greek Catholic Church, Reformed Christian Church, and Orthodox Church) and the population with no religious belief. The 2011–2021 period was significant for the secularisation of society, which was reflected in an increase in the size of the population with no religious belief. The article’s chief goal is to identify the regions (at the level of individual districts or parts of districts) that saw the most significant rise or decline of individual churches.
{"title":"Geografické aspekty zmien náboženskej štruktúry Slovenska medzi sčítaniami 2001, 2011 a 2021","authors":"Andrej Kolárik","doi":"10.54694/dem.0324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54694/dem.0324","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the changes in the religious structure of the population of Slovakia from a geographic perspective between 2001 and 2021 with a focus on the five largest churches in Slovakia (Roman Catholic Church, Evangelical Lutheran Church of the Augsburg Confession, Greek Catholic Church, Reformed Christian Church, and Orthodox Church) and the population with no religious belief. The 2011–2021 period was significant for the secularisation of society, which was reflected in an increase in the size of the population with no religious belief. The article’s chief goal is to identify the regions (at the level of individual districts or parts of districts) that saw the most significant rise or decline of individual churches.","PeriodicalId":42968,"journal":{"name":"Demografie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135305297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article presents the administrative data sources used in the 2021 population census in Czechia and describes the main steps in data processing leading from raw input data to the final census population. Special attention is paid to signs-of-life analysis, which deals with the issue of overcoverage in the population register. The article ties in with a previous article (published in 2022) that discussed the use of registers in European population censuses and explained the process of combining data sources in the previous 2011 Czech population census.
{"title":"Využití administrativních zdrojů dat při vymezení obyvatelstva ve sčítání lidu 2021 v Česku","authors":"Robert Šanda","doi":"10.54694/dem.0323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54694/dem.0323","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the administrative data sources used in the 2021 population census in Czechia and describes the main steps in data processing leading from raw input data to the final census population. Special attention is paid to signs-of-life analysis, which deals with the issue of overcoverage in the population register. The article ties in with a previous article (published in 2022) that discussed the use of registers in European population censuses and explained the process of combining data sources in the previous 2011 Czech population census.","PeriodicalId":42968,"journal":{"name":"Demografie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135305094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since the beginning of the 1990s, there have been significant changes in fertility quantum and tempo in Czechia and Slovakia. We are also witnessing significant age pluralization of reproduction. These and other transformational changes can be observed not only in a cross-sectional view but also in a cohort perspective. The main goal of the article is to analyse the main changes in the fertility process in Czechia and Slovakia after 1989. We focus on changes in the intensity and timing of childbirth and the age distribution of fertility. We identify the development trajectories of the two countries and the similarities and differences between them brought about by the transformation period. By analysing the process of the postponement and recuperation of cohort fertility, we also try to point out the future development of completed cohort fertility and the parity structure of women born in the second half of the 1970s and 1980s.
{"title":"Tri desaťročia transformácie plodnosti v Česku a na Slovensku v prierezovom a generačnom pohľade","authors":"Branislav Šprocha","doi":"10.54694/dem.0317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54694/dem.0317","url":null,"abstract":"Since the beginning of the 1990s, there have been significant changes in fertility quantum and tempo in Czechia and Slovakia. We are also witnessing significant age pluralization of reproduction. These and other transformational changes can be observed not only in a cross-sectional view but also in a cohort perspective. The main goal of the article is to analyse the main changes in the fertility process in Czechia and Slovakia after 1989. We focus on changes in the intensity and timing of childbirth and the age distribution of fertility. We identify the development trajectories of the two countries and the similarities and differences between them brought about by the transformation period. By analysing the process of the postponement and recuperation of cohort fertility, we also try to point out the future development of completed cohort fertility and the parity structure of women born in the second half of the 1970s and 1980s.","PeriodicalId":42968,"journal":{"name":"Demografie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48012407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines the effect of socioeconomic factors (including achieved level of educational attainment, economic activity, and income) on the occurrence of depressive symptoms in the Czech population. The analyses are based on the cross-sectional European Health Interview Survey (EHIS) from 2019. The results of these analyses show the individual and also combined effect of education, economic activity, and income. The odds ratio of depressive symptoms is the highest among respondents with primary education, those who are unemployed, and those with lower income. Socioeconomic status is significantly associated with depressive symptoms.
{"title":"Vliv socioekonomického statusu na výskyt depresivních symptomů v populaci Česka – výsledky EHIS 2019","authors":"Marie Kuklová, Michala Lustigová","doi":"10.54694/dem.0318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54694/dem.0318","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the effect of socioeconomic factors (including achieved level of educational attainment, economic activity, and income) on the occurrence of depressive symptoms in the Czech population. The analyses are based on the cross-sectional European Health Interview Survey (EHIS) from 2019. The results of these analyses show the individual and also combined effect of education, economic activity, and income. The odds ratio of depressive symptoms is the highest among respondents with primary education, those who are unemployed, and those with lower income. Socioeconomic status is significantly associated with depressive symptoms.","PeriodicalId":42968,"journal":{"name":"Demografie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47076410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The educational structures of partnerships have been studied intensively in the Czech Republic in the last two decades. Most research on educational homogamy in marriages in the Czech Republic covers the time period up to the year 2016, and the educational structure of cohabitations over time is still an unexplored subject. In this study, the educational structure of marriages and cohabitations is analysed using data from the European Social Survey and vital statistics from the years 2010–2020.
{"title":"Partnerská soužití v Česku podle vzdělanostní struktury – vývoj v manželstvích a kohabitacích mezi lety 2010 a 2020","authors":"Dominika Perdoch Sladká","doi":"10.54694/dem.0315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54694/dem.0315","url":null,"abstract":"The educational structures of partnerships have been studied intensively in the Czech Republic in the last two decades. Most research on educational homogamy in marriages in the Czech Republic covers the time period up to the year 2016, and the educational structure of cohabitations over time is still an unexplored subject. In this study, the educational structure of marriages and cohabitations is analysed using data from the European Social Survey and vital statistics from the years 2010–2020.","PeriodicalId":42968,"journal":{"name":"Demografie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45507801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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