Peiman Nasri, Seyed Esmaeil Hosseini-Kordkhyli, Azar Jafari-Koulaee, S. Hovsepian, H. Saneian, M. Khademian, F. Famouri
Background: The specialists should identify the features of Wilson disease and autoimmune hepatitis when both affect a patient to adopt appropriate treatment. Objectives: This study was conducted to determine features of the patient, disease, diagnostic studies, and therapeutic measures in cases of simultaneity of Wilson disease and autoimmune hepatitis. Methods: To find evidence related to the study objectives, we searched databases such as Barakat knowledge network system, SID, Magiran, Google Scholar, Web of Science, ProQuest, Springer, ScienceDirect, Medline via PubMed, and Scopus with specified Persian and English keywords, including “Wilson’s Disease”, “Autoimmune”, and “Hepatitis”. The inclusion criteria for the studies were 1) the study was observational and 2) the study was published in Persian or English. The exclusion criteria included low-quality studies based on the score obtained from the checklist. The obtained studies were screened in terms of titles, abstracts, and full text, and finally, the qualified studies entered the review process. The relevant data were extracted according to a designed checklist. Results: Finally, 10 studies were included in the review process. Information about 14 patients was reported. The Mean±SD age of the participants in the studies was 19±11 years. The direction of diagnosis was from autoimmune hepatitis to Wilson disease in 8 cases and from Wilson disease to autoimmune hepatitis in 3 cases. The simultaneity of autoimmune hepatitis and Wilson disease was considered in 3 patients with no primary and secondary diagnosis. Conclusions: The comorbidity of Wilson disease and autoimmune hepatitis is uncommon but is important. In the presence of relevant symptoms in these patients, the comorbidity of these two diseases should be considered. Accordingly, additional assessments such as serum ceruloplasmin, urinary 24-h copper, molecular genetic testing, MRI, serological tests, anti-nuclear antibody, anti-mitochondrial antibody, anti-smooth muscle antibody, complement level, gamma globulin, IgG, albumin, Kayser-Fleischer ring eye examination, and liver biopsy should be considered for correct diagnosis. If appropriate treatment was started for the disease with a diagnosis of Wilson disease or autoimmune hepatitis, but the response to treatment was insufficient, it is better to consider the simultaneous occurrence of two diseases or the initial misdiagnosis.
背景：当Wilson病和自身免疫性肝炎都影响患者时，专家应确定其特征，以采取适当的治疗方法。目的：本研究旨在确定威尔逊病和自身免疫性肝炎并发病例的患者特征、疾病、诊断研究和治疗措施。方法：为了寻找与研究目标相关的证据，我们搜索了Barakat知识网络系统、SID、Magiran、Google Scholar、Web of Science、ProQuest、Springer、ScienceDirect、Medline via PubMed和Scopus等数据库，并使用指定的波斯语和英语关键词，包括“Wilson’s Disease”、“Autoimmune”和“Hepatitics”。这些研究的纳入标准是：1）该研究是观察性的，2）该研究以波斯语或英语发表。排除标准包括基于检查表得分的低质量研究。对获得的研究进行了标题、摘要和全文筛选，最终，合格的研究进入审查程序。相关数据是根据设计的检查表提取的。结果：最后，10项研究被纳入审查过程。报告了14名患者的相关信息。研究参与者的平均±标准差年龄为19±11岁。诊断方向由自身免疫性肝炎转为Wilson病8例，由Wilson病转为自身免疫性肝3例。考虑了3例无一级和二级诊断的患者同时患有自身免疫性肝炎和Wilson病。结论：Wilson病和自身免疫性肝炎的合并症并不常见，但很重要。在这些患者出现相关症状的情况下，应考虑这两种疾病的合并症。因此，应考虑进行额外的评估，如血清铜蓝蛋白、尿液24小时铜、分子遗传学检测、MRI、血清学检测、抗核抗体、抗线粒体抗体、抗平滑肌抗体、补体水平、丙种球蛋白、IgG、白蛋白、Kayser-Flescher环眼检查和肝活检，以进行正确诊断。如果对诊断为Wilson病或自身免疫性肝炎的疾病开始了适当的治疗，但对治疗的反应不足，最好考虑两种疾病同时发生或最初的误诊。
{"title":"Simultaneous Presentation of Autoimmune Hepatitis and Wilson's Disease: A Systematic Review Study","authors":"Peiman Nasri, Seyed Esmaeil Hosseini-Kordkhyli, Azar Jafari-Koulaee, S. Hovsepian, H. Saneian, M. Khademian, F. Famouri","doi":"10.32598/JPR.9.4.988.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/JPR.9.4.988.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The specialists should identify the features of Wilson disease and autoimmune hepatitis when both affect a patient to adopt appropriate treatment. Objectives: This study was conducted to determine features of the patient, disease, diagnostic studies, and therapeutic measures in cases of simultaneity of Wilson disease and autoimmune hepatitis. Methods: To find evidence related to the study objectives, we searched databases such as Barakat knowledge network system, SID, Magiran, Google Scholar, Web of Science, ProQuest, Springer, ScienceDirect, Medline via PubMed, and Scopus with specified Persian and English keywords, including “Wilson’s Disease”, “Autoimmune”, and “Hepatitis”. The inclusion criteria for the studies were 1) the study was observational and 2) the study was published in Persian or English. The exclusion criteria included low-quality studies based on the score obtained from the checklist. The obtained studies were screened in terms of titles, abstracts, and full text, and finally, the qualified studies entered the review process. The relevant data were extracted according to a designed checklist. Results: Finally, 10 studies were included in the review process. Information about 14 patients was reported. The Mean±SD age of the participants in the studies was 19±11 years. The direction of diagnosis was from autoimmune hepatitis to Wilson disease in 8 cases and from Wilson disease to autoimmune hepatitis in 3 cases. The simultaneity of autoimmune hepatitis and Wilson disease was considered in 3 patients with no primary and secondary diagnosis. Conclusions: The comorbidity of Wilson disease and autoimmune hepatitis is uncommon but is important. In the presence of relevant symptoms in these patients, the comorbidity of these two diseases should be considered. Accordingly, additional assessments such as serum ceruloplasmin, urinary 24-h copper, molecular genetic testing, MRI, serological tests, anti-nuclear antibody, anti-mitochondrial antibody, anti-smooth muscle antibody, complement level, gamma globulin, IgG, albumin, Kayser-Fleischer ring eye examination, and liver biopsy should be considered for correct diagnosis. If appropriate treatment was started for the disease with a diagnosis of Wilson disease or autoimmune hepatitis, but the response to treatment was insufficient, it is better to consider the simultaneous occurrence of two diseases or the initial misdiagnosis.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46867914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Puberty is an essential milestone in a person’s life. Studies show that precocious puberty is more common in girls than in boys. Objectives: The aim of this study was to survey the causes of precocious puberty in children referred to the endocrine clinic in Qazvin city, Iran, from 2006 to 2018. Methods: This case-series study was performed from March 2006 to June 2018 on patients referred to the endocrine clinic of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin City, Iran, for precocious puberty. To diagnose premature puberty and find its causes, we surveyed sex steroids levels, thyroid function, and, if necessary, performed GnRH test. The patients’ height and weight were measured, and their BMIs (Body Mass Index) were calculated. Uterine ultrasound was performed for all girls. Additionally, brain MRI was performed for all boys and girls under age 6 with precocious puberty. X-ray of the left hand was performed to assess skeletal growth acceleration. Based on the type of puberty, the patients were divided into three groups: Central Precocious Puberty (CPP), Peripheral Precocious Puberty (PPP), and normal variant of puberty. The study data were collected from patients› electronic files and analyzed using SPSS 23. Results: Out of 724 cases, 642 (88.70%) were girls. The mean age of all children was 7.07 (95%CI: 6.99-7.15) years. About 70.5% of cases had CPP, 5% PPP, and 24.5% normal variant of puberty. Cases of Idiopathic Precocious Puberty (IPP), PPP, Neurogenic Central Precocious Puberty (NCPP), and premature pubarche were significantly higher in girls than boys (P<0.001). None of the boys had NCPP. Most girls had normal BMI, but boys were more obese. Mean bone age and bone age/age ratio were higher in girls with NCPP (P<0.001). Conclusions: In our study, most girls and boys had idiopathic precocious puberty, and none of the boys had brain lesions. About half of the cases were overweight or obese, indicating the role of obesity in increasing bone age and the onset of puberty.
{"title":"Causes of Precocious Puberty in Children Referred to an Endocrine Clinic in Qazvin City, Iran From 2006 to 2018","authors":"A. Homaei, Roghayeh Golmohammadi, F. Saffari","doi":"10.32598/jpr.9.4.960.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpr.9.4.960.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Puberty is an essential milestone in a person’s life. Studies show that precocious puberty is more common in girls than in boys. Objectives: The aim of this study was to survey the causes of precocious puberty in children referred to the endocrine clinic in Qazvin city, Iran, from 2006 to 2018. Methods: This case-series study was performed from March 2006 to June 2018 on patients referred to the endocrine clinic of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin City, Iran, for precocious puberty. To diagnose premature puberty and find its causes, we surveyed sex steroids levels, thyroid function, and, if necessary, performed GnRH test. The patients’ height and weight were measured, and their BMIs (Body Mass Index) were calculated. Uterine ultrasound was performed for all girls. Additionally, brain MRI was performed for all boys and girls under age 6 with precocious puberty. X-ray of the left hand was performed to assess skeletal growth acceleration. Based on the type of puberty, the patients were divided into three groups: Central Precocious Puberty (CPP), Peripheral Precocious Puberty (PPP), and normal variant of puberty. The study data were collected from patients› electronic files and analyzed using SPSS 23. Results: Out of 724 cases, 642 (88.70%) were girls. The mean age of all children was 7.07 (95%CI: 6.99-7.15) years. About 70.5% of cases had CPP, 5% PPP, and 24.5% normal variant of puberty. Cases of Idiopathic Precocious Puberty (IPP), PPP, Neurogenic Central Precocious Puberty (NCPP), and premature pubarche were significantly higher in girls than boys (P<0.001). None of the boys had NCPP. Most girls had normal BMI, but boys were more obese. Mean bone age and bone age/age ratio were higher in girls with NCPP (P<0.001). Conclusions: In our study, most girls and boys had idiopathic precocious puberty, and none of the boys had brain lesions. About half of the cases were overweight or obese, indicating the role of obesity in increasing bone age and the onset of puberty.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42603802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The traditional large group didactic lectures have many shortcomings, so small group discussions have been proposed to overcome some of these shortcomings. However, a typical Small Group Discussion (SGD) remains a mini-interactive lecture in most cases. To improve students’ participation and their better understanding, many newer teaching-learning methods have been tried. Jigsaw teaching method, a type of cooperative learning, is one of these new methods. Obviously, the usefulness of jigsaw teaching must be compared with other small group teaching methods. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the Jigsaw teaching technique with the small group teaching method. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted over one month in the Paediatrics Department of DM WIMS medical college. After obtaining written informed consent, 30 students were randomly selected and allocated to the SGD and jigsaw groups (15 students in each group). Four topics were taken to both the groups who were crossed over after one session (a total of eight exposures). Their post-intervention mean scores were tabulated and analyzed. The Likert scale was used to assess the students’ evaluations of the jigsaw method. Results: The results showed that the jigsaw method had better students’ performance, which was statistically significant with a P<0.05. Also, the students’ evaluation showed that they appreciated the jigsaw teaching method, but time constraints were noted as a drawback. Conclusions: Jigsaw teaching is an excellent small group teaching method to ensure better students’ participation and understanding and can add to our repertoire of teaching-learning methods, which Competency-Based Medical Education (CBME) warrants.
{"title":"Jigsaw Teaching VS Small Group Teaching: A Comparative Study Among Phase 3 MBBS Students in the Department of Paediatrics","authors":"V. Singaravelu, Madhusudhan U","doi":"10.32598/jpr.9.4.974.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpr.9.4.974.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The traditional large group didactic lectures have many shortcomings, so small group discussions have been proposed to overcome some of these shortcomings. However, a typical Small Group Discussion (SGD) remains a mini-interactive lecture in most cases. To improve students’ participation and their better understanding, many newer teaching-learning methods have been tried. Jigsaw teaching method, a type of cooperative learning, is one of these new methods. Obviously, the usefulness of jigsaw teaching must be compared with other small group teaching methods. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the Jigsaw teaching technique with the small group teaching method. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted over one month in the Paediatrics Department of DM WIMS medical college. After obtaining written informed consent, 30 students were randomly selected and allocated to the SGD and jigsaw groups (15 students in each group). Four topics were taken to both the groups who were crossed over after one session (a total of eight exposures). Their post-intervention mean scores were tabulated and analyzed. The Likert scale was used to assess the students’ evaluations of the jigsaw method. Results: The results showed that the jigsaw method had better students’ performance, which was statistically significant with a P<0.05. Also, the students’ evaluation showed that they appreciated the jigsaw teaching method, but time constraints were noted as a drawback. Conclusions: Jigsaw teaching is an excellent small group teaching method to ensure better students’ participation and understanding and can add to our repertoire of teaching-learning methods, which Competency-Based Medical Education (CBME) warrants.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42207538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Banaei, Haniyeh Nazem, Tayebeh Darooneh, Farzane Alidost
Background: Adolescents need services that improve their physiological, cognitive, emotional, and social alteration into adulthood. Since the adolescent health needs have been identified, the focus of service delivery has mainly been on access to sexual health care assistance, including HIV issues. Objectives: This systematic review aims to assess the perceived barriers and facilitators of adolescent friendly health services in the world because teens are a positive and energetic force for the present and future of a community. Methods: All qualitative studies from 2000 to 2019 have been considered in this review. The searched databases include Cochrane Central Register, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Embase, ProQuest, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and the Ovid platform. The studies included those conducted on all gender and ethnic groups adolescents between 10 to19 years that received health services, as well as their families and health care providers. Selected studies will be critically appraised by two independent reviewers using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist for qualitative research. Qualitative data will be extracted from papers using the standardized data extraction tool from JBI SUMARI (System for the Unified Management, Assessment, and Review of Information) by two independent reviewers. Qualitative research findings will, where possible, be integrated using JBI SUMARI and the meta-aggregation approach, and the final synthesized findings will be graded according to the ConQual approach for establishing confidence in the output of qualitative research synthesis and illustrated in the summary of results. Conclusions: This systematic review addresses perceived barriers and facilitators of adolescent friendly health services in the world. Developing and extending young people’s demands is a concern for all societies. So the results of this study can help us to discover barriers and providers of adolescent friendly health services, and by removing barriers and strengthening facilitators, we will promote the possibility of adolescents accessing adolescent friendly health services.
背景:青少年需要服务，以改善他们的生理，认知，情感和社会转变到成年。由于确定了青少年的保健需要，提供服务的重点主要放在获得性保健援助，包括艾滋病毒问题。目的:本系统综述旨在评估世界上青少年友好型卫生服务的障碍和促进因素，因为青少年是社区现在和未来的积极和充满活力的力量。方法:本综述纳入了2000年至2019年的所有定性研究。检索的数据库包括Cochrane Central Register、MEDLINE、谷歌Scholar、Embase、ProQuest、Scopus、Web of Science、CINAHL和Ovid平台。这些研究包括对接受保健服务的所有性别和族裔群体的10至19岁青少年及其家人和保健提供者进行的研究。选定的研究将由两名独立审稿人使用乔安娜布里格斯研究所(JBI)定性研究的关键评估清单进行严格评估。定性数据将由两名独立的审稿人使用JBI SUMARI(信息统一管理、评估和审查系统)中的标准化数据提取工具从论文中提取。在可能的情况下，定性研究结果将使用JBI SUMARI和meta-aggregation方法进行整合，最终的综合研究结果将根据征服方法进行评分，以建立对定性研究综合产出的信心，并在结果摘要中加以说明。结论:本系统综述探讨了世界上青少年友好型卫生服务的障碍和促进因素。发展和扩大青年人的需求是所有社会都关心的问题。因此，本研究的结果可以帮助我们发现青少年友好卫生服务的障碍和提供者，并通过消除障碍和加强促进者，我们将促进青少年获得青少年友好卫生服务的可能性。
{"title":"Perceived Barriers and Facilitators of Adolescent Friendly Reproductive Health Services in the World: A Qualitative Systematic Review Protocol","authors":"M. Banaei, Haniyeh Nazem, Tayebeh Darooneh, Farzane Alidost","doi":"10.32598/jpr.9.4.905.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpr.9.4.905.2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Adolescents need services that improve their physiological, cognitive, emotional, and social alteration into adulthood. Since the adolescent health needs have been identified, the focus of service delivery has mainly been on access to sexual health care assistance, including HIV issues. Objectives: This systematic review aims to assess the perceived barriers and facilitators of adolescent friendly health services in the world because teens are a positive and energetic force for the present and future of a community. Methods: All qualitative studies from 2000 to 2019 have been considered in this review. The searched databases include Cochrane Central Register, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Embase, ProQuest, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and the Ovid platform. The studies included those conducted on all gender and ethnic groups adolescents between 10 to19 years that received health services, as well as their families and health care providers. Selected studies will be critically appraised by two independent reviewers using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist for qualitative research. Qualitative data will be extracted from papers using the standardized data extraction tool from JBI SUMARI (System for the Unified Management, Assessment, and Review of Information) by two independent reviewers. Qualitative research findings will, where possible, be integrated using JBI SUMARI and the meta-aggregation approach, and the final synthesized findings will be graded according to the ConQual approach for establishing confidence in the output of qualitative research synthesis and illustrated in the summary of results. Conclusions: This systematic review addresses perceived barriers and facilitators of adolescent friendly health services in the world. Developing and extending young people’s demands is a concern for all societies. So the results of this study can help us to discover barriers and providers of adolescent friendly health services, and by removing barriers and strengthening facilitators, we will promote the possibility of adolescents accessing adolescent friendly health services.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42234376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Kazeminejad, L. Davoodi, Z. Hajheydari, M. Ghahari
Background: Acne vulgaris is a skin condition in children and has various presentations and differential diagnoses. Objectives: The purpose of this review was to evaluate the therapeutic approaches of infantile acne. Methods: In this narrative review, we searched articles published in English on infantile acne in Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus from 1981 to 2019. Results: A total of 35 articles were selected for review. The treatment of acne often involves various medications that acne lesions. Different factors contribute to the pathogenesis of acne and its severity. The same principle and treatment strategy applies to all age groups diagnosed with acne. Conclusions: The treatment strategy for infantile acne is similar to acne treatment at any age. Treatment is based on the severity of the acne and the risk of a future scar.
{"title":"Therapeutic Approaches of Infantile Acne: A Narrative Review Study","authors":"A. Kazeminejad, L. Davoodi, Z. Hajheydari, M. Ghahari","doi":"10.32598/jpr.9.4.148.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpr.9.4.148.22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Acne vulgaris is a skin condition in children and has various presentations and differential diagnoses. Objectives: The purpose of this review was to evaluate the therapeutic approaches of infantile acne. Methods: In this narrative review, we searched articles published in English on infantile acne in Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus from 1981 to 2019. Results: A total of 35 articles were selected for review. The treatment of acne often involves various medications that acne lesions. Different factors contribute to the pathogenesis of acne and its severity. The same principle and treatment strategy applies to all age groups diagnosed with acne. Conclusions: The treatment strategy for infantile acne is similar to acne treatment at any age. Treatment is based on the severity of the acne and the risk of a future scar.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48409937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Jafarpour, M. Mousavi, Shirin Sheibani, J. Ghaffari, Abbas Dabbaghzadeh, S. Behzadnia
Introduction: Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis (AGEP) is a cutaneous reaction that may appear after using certain medications, such as cephalexin. This disease is characterized by non-follicular sterile pustules, erythematous, urticaria, fever over , and leukocytosis. Cephalexin belongs to the family of β-lactam antibiotics, which are widely used to treat infections. However, cephalexin skin sensitivities have been reported rarely. Herein, in this case, we aimed to report a patient presented with AGEP due to cephalexin usage. Case Presentation: A 12-year-old boy presented with warm skin lesions that gradually appeared on the limbs, trunk, face, and neck after using cephalexin powder on his left leg injury. Because of his symptoms, acetaminophen, fexofenadine hydrochloride, loxoprofen sodium, and ointment, including difluprednate and hydrocortisone, were prescribed. Over time, the patient’s fever subsided, and 8 days later, the symptoms of AGEP, including urticaria, erythematous, and pustules in the neck and trunk, disappeared. Conclusions: Cephalexin is one of the antibiotics that doctors and patients consider when there is a possibility of infection. AGEP is a rare but severe reaction that can manifest as skin rashes in any age and sex following the use of cephalexin, so the patient should be careful when using this antibiotic.
{"title":"Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis Due to Cephalexin: A Case Report and Literature Review","authors":"H. Jafarpour, M. Mousavi, Shirin Sheibani, J. Ghaffari, Abbas Dabbaghzadeh, S. Behzadnia","doi":"10.32598/JPR.9.3.657.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/JPR.9.3.657.2","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis (AGEP) is a cutaneous reaction that may appear after using certain medications, such as cephalexin. This disease is characterized by non-follicular sterile pustules, erythematous, urticaria, fever over , and leukocytosis. Cephalexin belongs to the family of β-lactam antibiotics, which are widely used to treat infections. However, cephalexin skin sensitivities have been reported rarely. Herein, in this case, we aimed to report a patient presented with AGEP due to cephalexin usage. Case Presentation: A 12-year-old boy presented with warm skin lesions that gradually appeared on the limbs, trunk, face, and neck after using cephalexin powder on his left leg injury. Because of his symptoms, acetaminophen, fexofenadine hydrochloride, loxoprofen sodium, and ointment, including difluprednate and hydrocortisone, were prescribed. Over time, the patient’s fever subsided, and 8 days later, the symptoms of AGEP, including urticaria, erythematous, and pustules in the neck and trunk, disappeared. Conclusions: Cephalexin is one of the antibiotics that doctors and patients consider when there is a possibility of infection. AGEP is a rare but severe reaction that can manifest as skin rashes in any age and sex following the use of cephalexin, so the patient should be careful when using this antibiotic.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49590746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Morteza Ghasempour, H. Ehtesham, Nooshin Rostampou, Shahram Tahmasbian, L. Shahmoradi
Background: Congenital hypothyroidism is the most common congenital disorder of the endocrine system, leading to preventable mental retardation. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the current status of congenital hypothyroidism information registry systems. Methods: In this systematic review 290 papers identified. A total of 254 articles were screened, of which 17 qualified articles were selected through the databases of Scopus, science direct ProQuest, PubMed, as well as the search engine Google scholar (no restriction on date of publication) up to 2020, were searched. Inclusion criteria were the Articles with the English language that examining information registry systems on congenital hypothyroidism. Articles whose full texts were not accessible, case reports, and letters to the editor had to be excluded. Results: This study showed that the primary goal of nearly half (50%) of the information registry systems for congenital hypothyroidism is to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of the screening program. Other information registry systems for congenital hypothyroidism have examined the epidemiology of the disease in 4 studies (23.6%), monitoring iodine deficiency in 3 studies (18%), surveillance disease in 1 study (6%), and describing the clinical and familial features of the patient in 1 study (6%). Conclusions: Few studies have been done on developing information registry systems, and most studies have focused on the use of information systems in this field. Further comprehensive reviews are recommended to investigate the infrastructure of the commission national registry and world network to record information units on congenital hypothyroidism.
背景：先天性甲状腺功能减退症是最常见的先天性内分泌系统疾病，可导致可预防的精神发育迟缓。目的：我们旨在评估先天性甲状腺功能减退症信息登记系统的现状。方法：在本系统综述中，共鉴定出290篇论文。共筛选了254篇文章，其中17篇合格文章是通过Scopus、science direct ProQuest、PubMed以及搜索引擎Google scholar（不限制发表日期）的数据库筛选到的，截至2020年。纳入标准为检查先天性甲状腺功能减退症信息登记系统的英文文章。全文无法查阅的文章、案例报告和给编辑的信必须被排除在外。结果：这项研究表明，近一半（50%）先天性甲状腺功能减退症信息登记系统的主要目标是评估筛查计划的效率和有效性。先天性甲状腺功能减退症的其他信息登记系统在4项研究中检查了该疾病的流行病学（23.6%），在3项研究中监测了碘缺乏症（18%），在1项研究中监控了疾病（6%），并在1项研究中描述了患者的临床和家族特征（6%）。结论：关于开发信息登记系统的研究很少，大多数研究都集中在信息系统在该领域的使用上。建议进行进一步的全面审查，以调查委员会国家登记处和世界网络的基础设施，以记录先天性甲状腺功能减退症的信息单位。
{"title":"Information Registry System on Congenital Hypothyroidism: A Systematic Review","authors":"Morteza Ghasempour, H. Ehtesham, Nooshin Rostampou, Shahram Tahmasbian, L. Shahmoradi","doi":"10.32598/jpr.9.3.939.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpr.9.3.939.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Congenital hypothyroidism is the most common congenital disorder of the endocrine system, leading to preventable mental retardation. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the current status of congenital hypothyroidism information registry systems. Methods: In this systematic review 290 papers identified. A total of 254 articles were screened, of which 17 qualified articles were selected through the databases of Scopus, science direct ProQuest, PubMed, as well as the search engine Google scholar (no restriction on date of publication) up to 2020, were searched. Inclusion criteria were the Articles with the English language that examining information registry systems on congenital hypothyroidism. Articles whose full texts were not accessible, case reports, and letters to the editor had to be excluded. Results: This study showed that the primary goal of nearly half (50%) of the information registry systems for congenital hypothyroidism is to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of the screening program. Other information registry systems for congenital hypothyroidism have examined the epidemiology of the disease in 4 studies (23.6%), monitoring iodine deficiency in 3 studies (18%), surveillance disease in 1 study (6%), and describing the clinical and familial features of the patient in 1 study (6%). Conclusions: Few studies have been done on developing information registry systems, and most studies have focused on the use of information systems in this field. Further comprehensive reviews are recommended to investigate the infrastructure of the commission national registry and world network to record information units on congenital hypothyroidism.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46112203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The primary concern about Familial Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (FPAH) is the development of right heart failure, which ultimately leads to sudden death. Despite recent advances in pharmacological therapy, the mortality rate in children is still high, emphasizing the importance of novel treatments. Moreover, there is still no definitive treatment for children with severe pulmonary hypertension. The consequences of right heart failure led to the proposal of a surgical approach, the Potts shunt, to decompress the right ventricle, providing shunting of deoxygenated blood to lower extremities and improving overall cardiac output. This surgical technique creates an anastomosis between the left pulmonary artery and the descending aorta, providing a palliative treatment to off-load the right ventricle. Case Presentation: We report an 11-year-old girl with familial pulmonary arterial hypertension and right ventricular failure who benefited from a Potts shunt with good mid-term results. The patient was diagnosed at the age of 5 when she had a history of fainting and persistent syncope. The patient was under medical treatment therapy with bosentan, sildenafil, acetylsalicylic acid, and warfarin for six years. The results of molecular genetic testing, which was confirmed with direct sequencing of the Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor Type 2 (BMPR2) gene, revealed a heterozygous pathogenic mutation. Since she was diagnosed with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH), she lost her grandmother, an aunt, and father because of PAH. Her 14-year-old sister also had mutated the BMPR2 gene without developing FPAH. Conclusions: The Potts shunt provides an interventional step for palliation of patients with familial pulmonary hypertension and severe right heart failure refractory to medical treatment. It opens the door to the possibility of lung transplantation in the future. We did not see any complications within 6 years after placing the Potts shunt.
{"title":"Potts Shunt in Children With Familial Primary Pulmonary Hypertension: A Case Report and Brief Literature Review","authors":"Mahya Mobinikhaledi, A. Shabestari, Y. Ghandi","doi":"10.32598/JPR.9.3.913.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/JPR.9.3.913.1","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The primary concern about Familial Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (FPAH) is the development of right heart failure, which ultimately leads to sudden death. Despite recent advances in pharmacological therapy, the mortality rate in children is still high, emphasizing the importance of novel treatments. Moreover, there is still no definitive treatment for children with severe pulmonary hypertension. The consequences of right heart failure led to the proposal of a surgical approach, the Potts shunt, to decompress the right ventricle, providing shunting of deoxygenated blood to lower extremities and improving overall cardiac output. This surgical technique creates an anastomosis between the left pulmonary artery and the descending aorta, providing a palliative treatment to off-load the right ventricle. Case Presentation: We report an 11-year-old girl with familial pulmonary arterial hypertension and right ventricular failure who benefited from a Potts shunt with good mid-term results. The patient was diagnosed at the age of 5 when she had a history of fainting and persistent syncope. The patient was under medical treatment therapy with bosentan, sildenafil, acetylsalicylic acid, and warfarin for six years. The results of molecular genetic testing, which was confirmed with direct sequencing of the Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor Type 2 (BMPR2) gene, revealed a heterozygous pathogenic mutation. Since she was diagnosed with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH), she lost her grandmother, an aunt, and father because of PAH. Her 14-year-old sister also had mutated the BMPR2 gene without developing FPAH. Conclusions: The Potts shunt provides an interventional step for palliation of patients with familial pulmonary hypertension and severe right heart failure refractory to medical treatment. It opens the door to the possibility of lung transplantation in the future. We did not see any complications within 6 years after placing the Potts shunt.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48719254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Ghaffari, Mehran Razavipour, Kosar Maleki, Ali Akbar Farsavian
Introduction: The Unicameral Bone Cyst (UBC) is a benign osteolytic lesion primarily found in the metaphyseal part of long bones in children. It is important as it can involve growth plate involvement, cause pathological fractures and deformities of the affected limb. We report this case to emphasize that hip area pathologies can be represented with knee pain and discomfort. Case Presentation: The patient was a 9-year-old girl with a bone cyst in the right proximal femur, with functional knee pain and limping. The diagnosis was made after two years of pain in the knee area. As the cyst was symptomatic and the signs of impending pathological fracture were seen, the lesion was managed by curettage and fibular strut allograft and proximal humerus locking plate. Conclusions: The patient has been examined for knee joint problems for a long time, and her femur bone cyst was diagnosed after two years of pain. However, it could become a pathologic fracture or involve the growth plate and stop the limb’s growth, thus affecting the patient’s quality of life. Therefore, in children with chronic knee pain, careful assessment of the hip area is recommended.
{"title":"Peritrochanteric Unicameral Bone Cyst in A 9-year-old Girl: A Case Report and Review of Literature","authors":"S. Ghaffari, Mehran Razavipour, Kosar Maleki, Ali Akbar Farsavian","doi":"10.32598/jpr.9.3.873.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpr.9.3.873.1","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The Unicameral Bone Cyst (UBC) is a benign osteolytic lesion primarily found in the metaphyseal part of long bones in children. It is important as it can involve growth plate involvement, cause pathological fractures and deformities of the affected limb. We report this case to emphasize that hip area pathologies can be represented with knee pain and discomfort. Case Presentation: The patient was a 9-year-old girl with a bone cyst in the right proximal femur, with functional knee pain and limping. The diagnosis was made after two years of pain in the knee area. As the cyst was symptomatic and the signs of impending pathological fracture were seen, the lesion was managed by curettage and fibular strut allograft and proximal humerus locking plate. Conclusions: The patient has been examined for knee joint problems for a long time, and her femur bone cyst was diagnosed after two years of pain. However, it could become a pathologic fracture or involve the growth plate and stop the limb’s growth, thus affecting the patient’s quality of life. Therefore, in children with chronic knee pain, careful assessment of the hip area is recommended.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46921443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Houshmand, M. Shiran, J. Ghaffari, M. Abounoori, M. Maddah, Alireza Razavi, S. Askari, S. Bayat, G. Houshmand
Background: Drug allergy is a subtype of Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) mediated by the immunologic system. Extreme drug allergy is poorly known in children that contribute to hospitalization in our region. Objectives: This research aimed to study major drug hypersensitivity reactions in the north of Iran among the hospitalized children. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Bou Ali Sina Hospital in the north of Iran. We analyzed the medical files of 140 children admitted to the hospital with drug allergies from 2014 to 2018. The inclusion criteria were based on the DRESS (drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms) scoring system, and those who scored more than four were enrolled. Patients with incomplete medical charts were excluded. The sampling methodology was based on the consecutive census method. Results: In the current study, 62 patients were females (44.29%), and 78 were males (55.71%). Ninety-six cases (68.57%) were children under five, and 44 cases (31.43%) were over five years old. Most ADRs were seen in patients from urban areas (58.57%) than in rural areas (41.43%). In 116 children (82.6%), maculopapular rashes were seen. Phenobarbital and cefalexin had the highest levels of drug reactions, including 85 persons (55.19%) and 18 persons (11.69%), respectively. Pruritus, fever, and scaling were the most common symptoms observed in the patients. The most commonly used treatment was antihistamines. Conclusions: The most causative medication inducing ADR was phenobarbital. The maculopapular rash was the most common skin manifestation, and there were no relationships between sex, age, medication type, and type of hypersensitivity reactions.
背景:药物过敏是由免疫系统介导的药物不良反应(ADR)的一种亚型。在我们地区，极端药物过敏在导致住院的儿童中所知甚少。目的:本研究旨在研究伊朗北部住院儿童的主要药物过敏反应。方法:本横断面研究在伊朗北部的Bou Ali Sina医院进行。我们分析了2014年至2018年住院的140名药物过敏儿童的医疗档案。纳入标准基于DRESS(药物反应伴嗜酸性粒细胞增多和全身性症状)评分系统，评分大于4分者入组。排除病历不完整的患者。抽样方法采用连续普查法。结果:本组患者中，女性62例(44.29%)，男性78例(55.71%)。5岁以下儿童96例(68.57%)，5岁以上44例(31.43%)。不良反应发生率以城市(58.57%)高于农村(41.43%)。116例(82.6%)患儿出现黄斑丘疹。苯巴比妥和头孢氨苄的药物反应发生率最高，分别为85人(55.19%)和18人(11.69%)。瘙痒、发热和结垢是患者最常见的症状。最常用的治疗方法是抗组胺药。结论:引起不良反应的最主要药物是苯巴比妥。黄斑丘疹是最常见的皮肤表现，与性别、年龄、药物类型和过敏反应类型无关。
{"title":"Evaluation of the Drug Hypersensitivity Reactions Prevalence in Hospitalized Children in Sari City from 2014 to 2018: An Original Research","authors":"H. Houshmand, M. Shiran, J. Ghaffari, M. Abounoori, M. Maddah, Alireza Razavi, S. Askari, S. Bayat, G. Houshmand","doi":"10.32598/jpr.9.3.901.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpr.9.3.901.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Drug allergy is a subtype of Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) mediated by the immunologic system. Extreme drug allergy is poorly known in children that contribute to hospitalization in our region. Objectives: This research aimed to study major drug hypersensitivity reactions in the north of Iran among the hospitalized children. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Bou Ali Sina Hospital in the north of Iran. We analyzed the medical files of 140 children admitted to the hospital with drug allergies from 2014 to 2018. The inclusion criteria were based on the DRESS (drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms) scoring system, and those who scored more than four were enrolled. Patients with incomplete medical charts were excluded. The sampling methodology was based on the consecutive census method. Results: In the current study, 62 patients were females (44.29%), and 78 were males (55.71%). Ninety-six cases (68.57%) were children under five, and 44 cases (31.43%) were over five years old. Most ADRs were seen in patients from urban areas (58.57%) than in rural areas (41.43%). In 116 children (82.6%), maculopapular rashes were seen. Phenobarbital and cefalexin had the highest levels of drug reactions, including 85 persons (55.19%) and 18 persons (11.69%), respectively. Pruritus, fever, and scaling were the most common symptoms observed in the patients. The most commonly used treatment was antihistamines. Conclusions: The most causative medication inducing ADR was phenobarbital. The maculopapular rash was the most common skin manifestation, and there were no relationships between sex, age, medication type, and type of hypersensitivity reactions.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69708170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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