Arman Hakemi, Behrang Rezvani Kakhki, S. Sadrzadeh, S. Mousavi, Elnaz Vafadar Moradi
Introduction: Lidocaine hydrochloride is an acetamide derivative that was first introduced by Nils Löfgrene during 1943. It is a local anesthetic agent that is widely used in order to prepare patient for repairing lacerations in everyday practice. Neurological toxicities have been reported with systemic and topical lidocaine. Case Presentation: An 8-year-old female child was reported with a pure laceration who developed status epilepticus after receiving lidocaine along with ketamine. The patient had no medical history of epilepsy or allergic reaction and had a normal physical and mental development status. She received 200 mg lidocaine without epinephrine and underwent wound repair. The patient also received 60 mg of intramuscular ketamine in order to produce a relative sedation. After an hour of wound repair, she developed a tonic-colonic generalized seizure representative of status epilepticus seizure. The convulsions were managed by benzodiazepines, the patient was discharged without complication. Conclusion: Status epilepticus can happen due to lidocaine. Although patients usually recover with no major complications, obeying safety protocols can prevent these events.
{"title":"A case of status epilepticus due to topical lidocaine toxicity: A case-report and review the literatures","authors":"Arman Hakemi, Behrang Rezvani Kakhki, S. Sadrzadeh, S. Mousavi, Elnaz Vafadar Moradi","doi":"10.32598/jpr.10.1.979.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpr.10.1.979.1","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Lidocaine hydrochloride is an acetamide derivative that was first introduced by Nils Löfgrene during 1943. It is a local anesthetic agent that is widely used in order to prepare patient for repairing lacerations in everyday practice. Neurological toxicities have been reported with systemic and topical lidocaine. Case Presentation: An 8-year-old female child was reported with a pure laceration who developed status epilepticus after receiving lidocaine along with ketamine. The patient had no medical history of epilepsy or allergic reaction and had a normal physical and mental development status. She received 200 mg lidocaine without epinephrine and underwent wound repair. The patient also received 60 mg of intramuscular ketamine in order to produce a relative sedation. After an hour of wound repair, she developed a tonic-colonic generalized seizure representative of status epilepticus seizure. The convulsions were managed by benzodiazepines, the patient was discharged without complication. Conclusion: Status epilepticus can happen due to lidocaine. Although patients usually recover with no major complications, obeying safety protocols can prevent these events.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45428147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hanieh Tahermohammadi, S. Sadr, Arian Karimi Rouzbahan, Shahpar Kaveh
Context: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disease that leads to death at a young age. No definite treatment has yet been found to CF. Therefore, it is important to find new therapeutic and medicinal approaches for CF. Flaxseed is an antioxidant dietary and anti-inflammatory supplement with a high omega-3 fatty acid content. In this article, the mechanism of action potential of Flaxseed as a novel supplemental treatment for CF is discussed. Evidence Acquisition: In this review, we searched Iranian Traditional Medicine (ITM) that Zakhire-Kharazmshahi and Qanoon fi al-teb are two examples of such sources. Then, from inception to October 2020, data sources including Google Scholar and Pubmed in the English language were comprehensively explored for the mechanism for action potentials of this herbal remedy on CF. Results: Flaxseed may possess effects on CF gastrointestinal disorders due to its properties, including consumer acceptance as a functional food, being the best non-animal reservoir of omega 3 fatty acid, alpha-linolenic acid )ALA(, and soluble fiber, as well as its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects with modulating intestinal microbiota. Conclusion: Regarding the mentioned potential mechanisms of action, it could be hypothesized that Flaxseed can serve as a novel medicine for CF.
背景：囊性纤维化（CF）是一种遗传性疾病，可导致年轻时死亡。目前还没有发现对CF的确切治疗方法。因此，为CF寻找新的治疗和药物方法很重要。亚麻籽是一种抗氧化的膳食和抗炎补充剂，具有高ω-3脂肪酸含量。本文讨论了亚麻籽作为一种新型CF辅助治疗药物的作用潜力机制。证据获取：在这篇综述中，我们搜索了伊朗传统医学（ITM），Zakhire Kharazmshahi和Qanoon fi al-teb就是这类来源的两个例子。然后，从开始到2020年10月，包括Google Scholar和Pubmed在内的英文数据源被全面探索了这种草药对CF的作用潜力机制，亚麻籽是ω-3脂肪酸、α-亚麻酸和可溶性纤维的最佳非动物宿主，具有调节肠道微生物群的抗炎和抗菌作用。
{"title":"The mechanism of Action and Potential Impact of Flaxseed on Gastrointestinal Manifestations in Cystic Fibrosis: a Narrative Review","authors":"Hanieh Tahermohammadi, S. Sadr, Arian Karimi Rouzbahan, Shahpar Kaveh","doi":"10.32598/jpr.10.1.976.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpr.10.1.976.1","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disease that leads to death at a young age. No definite treatment has yet been found to CF. Therefore, it is important to find new therapeutic and medicinal approaches for CF. Flaxseed is an antioxidant dietary and anti-inflammatory supplement with a high omega-3 fatty acid content. In this article, the mechanism of action potential of Flaxseed as a novel supplemental treatment for CF is discussed. Evidence Acquisition: In this review, we searched Iranian Traditional Medicine (ITM) that Zakhire-Kharazmshahi and Qanoon fi al-teb are two examples of such sources. Then, from inception to October 2020, data sources including Google Scholar and Pubmed in the English language were comprehensively explored for the mechanism for action potentials of this herbal remedy on CF. Results: Flaxseed may possess effects on CF gastrointestinal disorders due to its properties, including consumer acceptance as a functional food, being the best non-animal reservoir of omega 3 fatty acid, alpha-linolenic acid )ALA(, and soluble fiber, as well as its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects with modulating intestinal microbiota. Conclusion: Regarding the mentioned potential mechanisms of action, it could be hypothesized that Flaxseed can serve as a novel medicine for CF.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46174309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Deficiency of 11-hydroxylase is clinically presented by external genitalia virilization in girls and precocious puberty in boys. Low renin hypertension occurs in both sexes. Early diagnosis and treatment of hypertension can prevent complications. Case presentation: We described a 4.5 years old girl of 46.XX, who presented with ambiguous genitalia at birth and hypertension later in follow-up. The patient had received the appropriate dosage of hydrocortisone and the level of 17-hydroxy progesterone was within the acceptable range but the hypokalemia persisted. Both hypertension and hypokalemia were normalized when spironolactone was added. Conclusion: Intermittent measurement of blood pressure is necessary for patients with 11β hydroxylase deficiency. In these patients, spironolactone is effective in treating mineralocorticoid-mediated hypertension and hypokalemia by blocking mineralocorticoid receptor.
{"title":"Treatment of Hypertension in a Child with 11beta-Hydroxylase Deficiency: A case report","authors":"F. Saffari, B. Arad","doi":"10.32598/jpr.10.1.993.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpr.10.1.993.1","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Deficiency of 11-hydroxylase is clinically presented by external genitalia virilization in girls and precocious puberty in boys. Low renin hypertension occurs in both sexes. Early diagnosis and treatment of hypertension can prevent complications. Case presentation: We described a 4.5 years old girl of 46.XX, who presented with ambiguous genitalia at birth and hypertension later in follow-up. The patient had received the appropriate dosage of hydrocortisone and the level of 17-hydroxy progesterone was within the acceptable range but the hypokalemia persisted. Both hypertension and hypokalemia were normalized when spironolactone was added. Conclusion: Intermittent measurement of blood pressure is necessary for patients with 11β hydroxylase deficiency. In these patients, spironolactone is effective in treating mineralocorticoid-mediated hypertension and hypokalemia by blocking mineralocorticoid receptor.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44234299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Pahlevanynejad, Navid Danaei, M. Kahouei, M. Mirmohammadkhani, E. Saffarieh, R. Safdari
Background: Information systems help to collect information about patients. The minimum data set (MDS) provides the basis for decision-making. Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the comprehensive national MDS for prematurity information management system (IMSPIMDS) in Iran. Methods: This research is a cross-sectional study with three steps including systematic review, focus group discussion, and Delphi technique. A systematic review was conducted in relevant databases. Then a focus group discussion was used to classify the extracted data elements by contributing specializing in various fields experts. Finally, MDSs were chosen through the decision Delphi technique in two rounds. Collected data were analyzed using IBM statistics SPSS 26. Results: In total, 233 data elements were included in the Delphi survey. The data elements based on the experts’ opinions, were classified into two main categories including maternal and newborn. The final data elements categories were 107 and 126. Conclusions: The existence of national MDS as the core of the premature newborn surveillance program is essential and leads to appropriate decisions. We developed and internally validated a minimum data set for prematurity researches. This study generated new knowledge to enable healthcare systems professionals to collect relevant and meaningful. The use of this standardized approach can help benchmark clinical practice and target improvements worldwide.10.32598/jpr.10.1.986.1
{"title":"Development and validation of the Iranian Neonatal Prematurity Minimum Data Set (IMSPIMDS): a systematic review, focus group discussion, and Delphi technique","authors":"S. Pahlevanynejad, Navid Danaei, M. Kahouei, M. Mirmohammadkhani, E. Saffarieh, R. Safdari","doi":"10.32598/jpr.10.1.986.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpr.10.1.986.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Information systems help to collect information about patients. The minimum data set (MDS) provides the basis for decision-making. Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the comprehensive national MDS for prematurity information management system (IMSPIMDS) in Iran. Methods: This research is a cross-sectional study with three steps including systematic review, focus group discussion, and Delphi technique. A systematic review was conducted in relevant databases. Then a focus group discussion was used to classify the extracted data elements by contributing specializing in various fields experts. Finally, MDSs were chosen through the decision Delphi technique in two rounds. Collected data were analyzed using IBM statistics SPSS 26. Results: In total, 233 data elements were included in the Delphi survey. The data elements based on the experts’ opinions, were classified into two main categories including maternal and newborn. The final data elements categories were 107 and 126. Conclusions: The existence of national MDS as the core of the premature newborn surveillance program is essential and leads to appropriate decisions. We developed and internally validated a minimum data set for prematurity researches. This study generated new knowledge to enable healthcare systems professionals to collect relevant and meaningful. The use of this standardized approach can help benchmark clinical practice and target improvements worldwide.10.32598/jpr.10.1.986.1","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46072578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-06DOI: 10.32598/jpr.10.1.1003.1
Monireh Sadat Motaharifard, M. Mohkam
Context: The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) treatments in children is increasing. Due to the ineffectiveness of some pharmacological interventions or intolerance to their side effects, different types of CAM are used in various problems such as enuresis in children. This study aimed to introduce the most common complementary and alternative medicine methods used for enuresis in the pediatric population. Evidence Acquisition: Medical literature search was performed in several databases for a variety of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine in nocturnal enuresis in Children. Databases included Google scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, PubMed and a number of Persian databases including Magiran and SID. Clinical trials, case series or case reports that had evaluated the effectiveness of these therapies in nocturnal enuresis in children were included. Data were collected in English or Persian from inception to early 2021. Results: As far as we searched, more studies have been performed on some CAM methods, such as acupuncture. In some methods, such as reflexology, the studies are limited to case reports and in others, such as aromatherapy, there was no study related to children's enuresis. Based on the results, most of CAM methods have positive effects in the treatment of nocturnal enuresis and have their unique theories about the concepts of etiology, diagnosis and treatment of disease. Conclusions: Despite the relatively high use of CAM treatments in nocturnal enuresis among children, evidence of their effectiveness is not enough. More clinical trials are required to evaluate safety and efficacy of these methods.
背景:在儿童中使用补充和替代医学(CAM)治疗正在增加。由于一些药物干预无效或对其副作用的不耐受，不同类型的CAM被用于各种问题，如儿童遗尿。本研究旨在介绍小儿遗尿最常见的补充和替代医学方法。证据获取:在多个数据库中检索各种传统、补充和替代医学治疗儿童夜间遗尿的文献。数据库包括谷歌scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, PubMed和一些波斯数据库，包括Magiran和SID。临床试验、病例系列或病例报告评估了这些疗法对儿童夜间遗尿的有效性。从开始到2021年初，数据以英语或波斯语收集。结果:在我们的搜索范围内，一些CAM方法的研究较多，如针灸。在一些方法中，如反射疗法，研究仅限于病例报告，而在其他方法中，如芳香疗法，没有与儿童遗尿有关的研究。结果表明，大多数CAM方法对夜遗尿的治疗效果良好，在病因、诊断和治疗等概念上有其独特的理论。结论:尽管儿童夜间遗尿采用CAM治疗的比例较高，但其有效性证据不足。需要更多的临床试验来评估这些方法的安全性和有效性。
{"title":"Traditional, complementary and alternative medicine in Nocturnal Enuresis in Children","authors":"Monireh Sadat Motaharifard, M. Mohkam","doi":"10.32598/jpr.10.1.1003.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpr.10.1.1003.1","url":null,"abstract":"Context: The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) treatments in children is increasing. Due to the ineffectiveness of some pharmacological interventions or intolerance to their side effects, different types of CAM are used in various problems such as enuresis in children. This study aimed to introduce the most common complementary and alternative medicine methods used for enuresis in the pediatric population. Evidence Acquisition: Medical literature search was performed in several databases for a variety of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine in nocturnal enuresis in Children. Databases included Google scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, PubMed and a number of Persian databases including Magiran and SID. Clinical trials, case series or case reports that had evaluated the effectiveness of these therapies in nocturnal enuresis in children were included. Data were collected in English or Persian from inception to early 2021. Results: As far as we searched, more studies have been performed on some CAM methods, such as acupuncture. In some methods, such as reflexology, the studies are limited to case reports and in others, such as aromatherapy, there was no study related to children's enuresis. Based on the results, most of CAM methods have positive effects in the treatment of nocturnal enuresis and have their unique theories about the concepts of etiology, diagnosis and treatment of disease. Conclusions: Despite the relatively high use of CAM treatments in nocturnal enuresis among children, evidence of their effectiveness is not enough. More clinical trials are required to evaluate safety and efficacy of these methods.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43720002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: Short stature is a common problem encountered by endocrinologists. The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of common causes of short stature in children referred to the endocrinology clinic. Material and Methods: This prospective and descriptive study was carried out between August 2018 and September 2020. Included criteria were: age below 18 years, height more than 2 SD below the mean (< 3rd percentile), growth failure (< 4 cm/year), small for mid-parental height, and adequate follow-up. They were evaluated by anthropometric measurements; biochemical panel; hormonal tests; radiological studies; and hormonal provocative tests. Results: A total of 509 cases, 238 males (46.8%), and 271 females (53.2%) had short stature. The age of participants varied between 2-18 years. The mean chronological age was 11.83±3.44 years. Most study participants were over 10 years old (68%). Normal variants of growth with 271 (53.34%) children, were the most prevalent causes. These causes included in three subgroups: Familial short stature: 133 (26.14%); Constitutional delay of growth and puberty: 112 (22%); and Idiopathic short stature: 26 (5.12%). Totally 238 cases (46.66%) were due to pathologic types of Short Stature. The leading cause of short stature in this group was Growth Hormone deficiency that is seen in 70 (13.76%) patients. Conclusion: The normal variants of short stature as a group were the most common cause of short stature, followed by endocrinological causes of short stature and non-endocrinological causes.
{"title":"Causes of short stature in children referred to a tertiary care center in Southeast of Iran: 2018-2020","authors":"V. Sheikhi, Shamim Bonyadi, Zahra Heidari","doi":"10.32598/jpr.10.1.980.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpr.10.1.980.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Short stature is a common problem encountered by endocrinologists. The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of common causes of short stature in children referred to the endocrinology clinic. Material and Methods: This prospective and descriptive study was carried out between August 2018 and September 2020. Included criteria were: age below 18 years, height more than 2 SD below the mean (< 3rd percentile), growth failure (< 4 cm/year), small for mid-parental height, and adequate follow-up. They were evaluated by anthropometric measurements; biochemical panel; hormonal tests; radiological studies; and hormonal provocative tests. Results: A total of 509 cases, 238 males (46.8%), and 271 females (53.2%) had short stature. The age of participants varied between 2-18 years. The mean chronological age was 11.83±3.44 years. Most study participants were over 10 years old (68%). Normal variants of growth with 271 (53.34%) children, were the most prevalent causes. These causes included in three subgroups: Familial short stature: 133 (26.14%); Constitutional delay of growth and puberty: 112 (22%); and Idiopathic short stature: 26 (5.12%). Totally 238 cases (46.66%) were due to pathologic types of Short Stature. The leading cause of short stature in this group was Growth Hormone deficiency that is seen in 70 (13.76%) patients. Conclusion: The normal variants of short stature as a group were the most common cause of short stature, followed by endocrinological causes of short stature and non-endocrinological causes.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48506855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aims: To determine the prevalence, clinical profile and outcomes of gastrointestinal (GI) malformations in neonates in a tertiary care hospital. Settings and Design: A prospective observational case-control study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi. Methods: The study was conducted on live neonates from October 2014 to November 2015. Cases of neonates with GI malformations were compared against healthy babies. Outcome measures assessed were prevalence, associated risk factors, clinical profile, and mortality of GI malformation. Statistical analysis: Qualitative variables were compared using Chi-Square test/Fisher’s exact test. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the significant risk factors after adjusting for confounding variables. A P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Among the 25,116 live births, 41 cases were diagnosed with GI malformations. To compare, 82 controls (healthy babies) were taken. The prevalence of GI malformations was 0.163 or 1.63/1,000 live births with a male to female ratio of 1.1:1. The tracheoesophageal fistula was the most frequent anomaly (39.02%). Multivariate analysis revealed a lack of periconceptional iron and folic acid supplementation and baby birth weight <2.5 kg as independent significant factors related to the occurrence of congenital GI defects (when compared to controls). Among 41 cases, 20 neonates died (48.78% mortality rate). Causes of mortality were prematurity, sepsis, asphyxia, and shock. Conclusion: In a developing country like ours, the association of GI malformations (0.163%) with lack of periconceptional iron and folic acid supplementation and low birth weight shows that increased counseling and implementation of the supplements during the pregnancy can help decrease the prevalence. Mortality remains high among such children and thus they demand urgent necessary surgery and management.
{"title":"Clinical Profile and Outcomes of Congenital Gastrointestinal Malformations: A Single Hospital Study","authors":"K. Kumar, P. Thakur, Shilpi Singh","doi":"10.32598/jpr.10.1.989.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpr.10.1.989.1","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To determine the prevalence, clinical profile and outcomes of gastrointestinal (GI) malformations in neonates in a tertiary care hospital. Settings and Design: A prospective observational case-control study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi. Methods: The study was conducted on live neonates from October 2014 to November 2015. Cases of neonates with GI malformations were compared against healthy babies. Outcome measures assessed were prevalence, associated risk factors, clinical profile, and mortality of GI malformation. Statistical analysis: Qualitative variables were compared using Chi-Square test/Fisher’s exact test. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the significant risk factors after adjusting for confounding variables. A P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Among the 25,116 live births, 41 cases were diagnosed with GI malformations. To compare, 82 controls (healthy babies) were taken. The prevalence of GI malformations was 0.163 or 1.63/1,000 live births with a male to female ratio of 1.1:1. The tracheoesophageal fistula was the most frequent anomaly (39.02%). Multivariate analysis revealed a lack of periconceptional iron and folic acid supplementation and baby birth weight <2.5 kg as independent significant factors related to the occurrence of congenital GI defects (when compared to controls). Among 41 cases, 20 neonates died (48.78% mortality rate). Causes of mortality were prematurity, sepsis, asphyxia, and shock. Conclusion: In a developing country like ours, the association of GI malformations (0.163%) with lack of periconceptional iron and folic acid supplementation and low birth weight shows that increased counseling and implementation of the supplements during the pregnancy can help decrease the prevalence. Mortality remains high among such children and thus they demand urgent necessary surgery and management.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42890715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.32598/jpr.10.specialissue.968.1
F. Sobouti, S. Dadgar, Mehdi Aryana, B. Sobouti
Background: A novel coronavirus emerged from Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Dental healthcare providers are at the highest risk of exposure since the primary source of the virus is saliva, and dentists are the front-line personnel working with the oral cavity. Since orthodontic treatment is a long-term procedure for children and teenagers, and because of the critical gap in preparing a specific guideline on orthodontic treatment procedures, orthodontic practitioners have faced numerous complicated issues in this regard. This mini-review aimed to summarize the facts that the orthodontic settings should be aware of the dental difficulties during COVID-19 with a particular focus on orthodontic treatment. Methods: In this short review, electronic databases of Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched for relevant articles and guidelines from January 2019 to March 2021 using the following key terms: “COVID-19,” “SARS-CoV-2,” “Pandemic,” “Orthodontics,” and “Orthodontists.” Results: Gathering recommendations of experts and several guidelines led to the following crucial steps in orthodontic procedures: screening through a telehealth questionnaire; admitting just patients into the dental center; ventilating the waiting room; measuring the temperature of patients’ bodies; disinfecting the dental unit and instruments after each visit; using personal protective equipment; washing hands; minimizing the use of high-speed handpieces to reduce the aerosol generation; and sterilization of archwires, orthodontic markers, photographic retractors, molar bands, burs, miniscrews, and unit waterline with proper methods. Conclusions: All dentists should be up-to-date on cross-transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and follow the international infection control protocols as well as national/provincial/local guidelines and apply them to the regional settings after generalization and matching with the condition.
背景：2019年12月，一种新型冠状病毒从中国武汉出现。牙科保健提供者的暴露风险最高，因为病毒的主要来源是唾液，而牙医是口腔工作的一线人员。由于正畸治疗是儿童和青少年的长期手术，并且由于在制定正畸治疗程序的具体指南方面存在关键差距，正畸从业者在这方面面临着许多复杂的问题。这篇小评论旨在总结事实，即正畸设置应该意识到新冠肺炎期间的牙科困难，特别关注正畸治疗。方法：在这篇简短的综述中，使用以下关键词搜索2019年1月至2021年3月Medline、Scopus、Web of Science和Google Scholar的电子数据库中的相关文章和指南：“新冠肺炎”、“SARS-CoV-2”、“大流行病”、“口腔正畸学”和“口腔正畸医生”。“结果：收集专家的建议和一些指导方针导致了正畸手术的以下关键步骤：通过远程健康问卷进行筛查；只允许病人进入牙科中心；为候诊室通风；测量患者身体的温度；每次就诊后对牙科单元和器械进行消毒；使用个人防护装备；洗手；尽量减少高速手持设备的使用，以减少气溶胶的产生；以及用适当的方法对弓丝、正畸标记物、摄影牵开器、磨牙带、牙套、迷你螺钉和单位水线进行消毒。结论：所有牙医都应该了解严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型交叉传播的最新情况，遵循国际感染控制协议以及国家/省/地方指南，并在综合和匹配病情后将其应用于地区环境。
{"title":"A to Z Steps of In-person Screening, Treatment, and Caring Procedure in Orthodontic Clinics During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Rapid Mini-review","authors":"F. Sobouti, S. Dadgar, Mehdi Aryana, B. Sobouti","doi":"10.32598/jpr.10.specialissue.968.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpr.10.specialissue.968.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A novel coronavirus emerged from Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Dental healthcare providers are at the highest risk of exposure since the primary source of the virus is saliva, and dentists are the front-line personnel working with the oral cavity. Since orthodontic treatment is a long-term procedure for children and teenagers, and because of the critical gap in preparing a specific guideline on orthodontic treatment procedures, orthodontic practitioners have faced numerous complicated issues in this regard. This mini-review aimed to summarize the facts that the orthodontic settings should be aware of the dental difficulties during COVID-19 with a particular focus on orthodontic treatment. Methods: In this short review, electronic databases of Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched for relevant articles and guidelines from January 2019 to March 2021 using the following key terms: “COVID-19,” “SARS-CoV-2,” “Pandemic,” “Orthodontics,” and “Orthodontists.” Results: Gathering recommendations of experts and several guidelines led to the following crucial steps in orthodontic procedures: screening through a telehealth questionnaire; admitting just patients into the dental center; ventilating the waiting room; measuring the temperature of patients’ bodies; disinfecting the dental unit and instruments after each visit; using personal protective equipment; washing hands; minimizing the use of high-speed handpieces to reduce the aerosol generation; and sterilization of archwires, orthodontic markers, photographic retractors, molar bands, burs, miniscrews, and unit waterline with proper methods. Conclusions: All dentists should be up-to-date on cross-transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and follow the international infection control protocols as well as national/provincial/local guidelines and apply them to the regional settings after generalization and matching with the condition.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43020265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.32598/jpr.10.specialissue.28.16
J. Ghaffari
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new coronavirus disease that is highly contagious and affects all age groups of children. The incubation period of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) ranges from 2 to 14 days. Diagnosis of COVID-19 is made by conducting nasal and pharyngeal swabs and analyzing sputum, stool, and blood samples for COVID-19 nucleic acid using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). A nasal swab is more sensitive and specific than a pharyngeal swab. Lung CT imaging is a confirmation and complimentary method which is more sensitive than RT-PCR analysis. The mortality rate of COVID-19 infection is very low in children. Treatment of COVID-19 is supportive care and home isolation for 2 weeks (1). The disease has now spread to most countries. Clinical manifestations of COVID-19 vary from asymptomatic to a severe form in children (2).
{"title":"COVID-19 Prognosis in Children With Asthma","authors":"J. Ghaffari","doi":"10.32598/jpr.10.specialissue.28.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpr.10.specialissue.28.16","url":null,"abstract":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new coronavirus disease that is highly contagious and affects all age groups of children. The incubation period of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) ranges from 2 to 14 days. Diagnosis of COVID-19 is made by conducting nasal and pharyngeal swabs and analyzing sputum, stool, and blood samples for COVID-19 nucleic acid using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). A nasal swab is more sensitive and specific than a pharyngeal swab. Lung CT imaging is a confirmation and complimentary method which is more sensitive than RT-PCR analysis. The mortality rate of COVID-19 infection is very low in children. Treatment of COVID-19 is supportive care and home isolation for 2 weeks (1). The disease has now spread to most countries. Clinical manifestations of COVID-19 vary from asymptomatic to a severe form in children (2).","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45883958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.32598/jpr.10.specialissue.584.3
M. Hashemipour
Background: COVID-19 is an unknown and novel virus that creates a challenge with all comorbid conditions, including diabetes mellitus (DM). Although DM has not been determined as a definite risk factor for COVID-19 in childhood, clinicians should consider the potential association between DM and COVID-19. Objectives: This study aimed to review COVID-19 and DM comorbidity in children. Methods: ISI Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar were investigated to find relevant articles regarding COVID-19 and DM. Results: Data revealed 50% higher fatal outcomes of COVID-19 in DM children than in healthy ones. Because of the importance of DM in children, it seems mandatory to consider type 1 diabetes and its consequences on COVID-19. Conclusions: Understanding the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and its interaction with DM are helpful for better management of the disease. These considerations can help clinicians make better decisions about the treatment modalities, management, and diabetic ketoacidosis treatment.
背景:COVID-19是一种未知的新型病毒，对包括糖尿病(DM)在内的所有合并症造成挑战。虽然糖尿病尚未被确定为儿童COVID-19的明确危险因素，但临床医生应考虑糖尿病与COVID-19之间的潜在关联。目的:本研究旨在回顾COVID-19和糖尿病在儿童中的合并症。方法:对ISI Web of Science、PubMed和谷歌Scholar进行调查，查找有关COVID-19和糖尿病的相关文章。结果:数据显示，糖尿病儿童的COVID-19致命结局比健康儿童高50%。由于糖尿病在儿童中的重要性，似乎有必要考虑1型糖尿病及其对COVID-19的影响。结论:了解COVID-19的病理生理学及其与糖尿病的相互作用有助于更好地管理疾病。这些考虑可以帮助临床医生对治疗方式、管理和糖尿病酮症酸中毒治疗做出更好的决定。
{"title":"COVID-19 and Diabetes in Children: A Narrative Review","authors":"M. Hashemipour","doi":"10.32598/jpr.10.specialissue.584.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpr.10.specialissue.584.3","url":null,"abstract":"Background: COVID-19 is an unknown and novel virus that creates a challenge with all comorbid conditions, including diabetes mellitus (DM). Although DM has not been determined as a definite risk factor for COVID-19 in childhood, clinicians should consider the potential association between DM and COVID-19. Objectives: This study aimed to review COVID-19 and DM comorbidity in children. Methods: ISI Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar were investigated to find relevant articles regarding COVID-19 and DM. Results: Data revealed 50% higher fatal outcomes of COVID-19 in DM children than in healthy ones. Because of the importance of DM in children, it seems mandatory to consider type 1 diabetes and its consequences on COVID-19. Conclusions: Understanding the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and its interaction with DM are helpful for better management of the disease. These considerations can help clinicians make better decisions about the treatment modalities, management, and diabetic ketoacidosis treatment.","PeriodicalId":43059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42392582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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