A. Bekraoui, H. Fatnassi, A. Kheir, Sanae Chakir, A. Senhaji, M. Mouqallid, H. Majdoubi
Abstract In Mediterranean basin, citrus culture is expanding rapidly with a growing demand for high-quality saplings. Protected cultivation with fine microclimate conditions control is the best process of citrus saplings growing with the required quality. In this context, the developed microclimate of a tunnel citrus saplings greenhouse and its effects on plant activity parameters, such as leaf temperature and transpiration, were investigated. The findings show that the temperatures of air and plant leaves inside the greenhouse are highly variable between 6 °C and 33 °C and from 8 °C to 30 °C, respectively. Results also show that greenhouse air humidity is very high – more than 80%. The analysis of plant transpiration based on greenhouse microclimate conditions and leaf temperature reveals that (i) plant transpiration varies throughout the day (between 1.9 and 65.7 mg m−2·s−1); (ii) leaf temperature simulation can be used as an indirect indicator of plant water stress; and (iii) the simulated temperature difference between the leaves and the internal air of the greenhouse can be used to define the minimum threshold air temperature for proper plant development under the greenhouse conditions.
{"title":"Study of Microclimate and Sapling Citrus Plant Transpiration in Tunnel Greenhouse Under Mediterranean Conditions","authors":"A. Bekraoui, H. Fatnassi, A. Kheir, Sanae Chakir, A. Senhaji, M. Mouqallid, H. Majdoubi","doi":"10.2478/ata-2022-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ata-2022-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In Mediterranean basin, citrus culture is expanding rapidly with a growing demand for high-quality saplings. Protected cultivation with fine microclimate conditions control is the best process of citrus saplings growing with the required quality. In this context, the developed microclimate of a tunnel citrus saplings greenhouse and its effects on plant activity parameters, such as leaf temperature and transpiration, were investigated. The findings show that the temperatures of air and plant leaves inside the greenhouse are highly variable between 6 °C and 33 °C and from 8 °C to 30 °C, respectively. Results also show that greenhouse air humidity is very high – more than 80%. The analysis of plant transpiration based on greenhouse microclimate conditions and leaf temperature reveals that (i) plant transpiration varies throughout the day (between 1.9 and 65.7 mg m−2·s−1); (ii) leaf temperature simulation can be used as an indirect indicator of plant water stress; and (iii) the simulated temperature difference between the leaves and the internal air of the greenhouse can be used to define the minimum threshold air temperature for proper plant development under the greenhouse conditions.","PeriodicalId":43089,"journal":{"name":"Acta Technologica Agriculturae","volume":"25 1","pages":"61 - 66"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48025955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Syromyatnikov, A. Kuts, Irina Troyanovskaya, Alexandra Orekhovskaya, E. Tikhonov, V. Sokolova
Abstract Currently, loosening and separating machines that combine the operations of crumbling and separating of soil according to the treated layer depth have come to the forefront. Interaction of the rotor blade of these machines with the soil comprises three stages: soil core formation; steady movement; and dumping of soil from the separating grid. The article determined the direction and magnitude of soil displacement, parameters and shape of the furrow formed after the ripper passage. Based on theoretical research, a mathematical model of the interaction of working bodies with the soil was developed. The initial data were obtained experimentally, and the model was justified. As a result, it was found that the supplied soil layer thickness and the fracture angle of ripper have the greatest influence on the transporting capacity of rotor ripper. Reducing the rotor blade entry angle into the soil from 45° to 30° made it possible to raise the second soil feed of the loosening and separating machine by more than 40 times. The width of rotor ripper practically does not affect the transporting capacity. Changing the angle of ripper entry into the soil allowed obtaining of the required transporting capacity of ripping and separating machine without changing the rotor design. Practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of increasing the work productivity without increasing its energy indicators.
{"title":"Transporting Ability Calculation of the Rotor of Soil-Cultivating Loosening and Separating Vehicle","authors":"Y. Syromyatnikov, A. Kuts, Irina Troyanovskaya, Alexandra Orekhovskaya, E. Tikhonov, V. Sokolova","doi":"10.2478/ata-2022-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ata-2022-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Currently, loosening and separating machines that combine the operations of crumbling and separating of soil according to the treated layer depth have come to the forefront. Interaction of the rotor blade of these machines with the soil comprises three stages: soil core formation; steady movement; and dumping of soil from the separating grid. The article determined the direction and magnitude of soil displacement, parameters and shape of the furrow formed after the ripper passage. Based on theoretical research, a mathematical model of the interaction of working bodies with the soil was developed. The initial data were obtained experimentally, and the model was justified. As a result, it was found that the supplied soil layer thickness and the fracture angle of ripper have the greatest influence on the transporting capacity of rotor ripper. Reducing the rotor blade entry angle into the soil from 45° to 30° made it possible to raise the second soil feed of the loosening and separating machine by more than 40 times. The width of rotor ripper practically does not affect the transporting capacity. Changing the angle of ripper entry into the soil allowed obtaining of the required transporting capacity of ripping and separating machine without changing the rotor design. Practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of increasing the work productivity without increasing its energy indicators.","PeriodicalId":43089,"journal":{"name":"Acta Technologica Agriculturae","volume":"25 1","pages":"73 - 78"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46142436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The paper content is focused on the various evaluation methods of mechanical pre-treatment of hot-dip galvanized surface performed in order to increase the organic paint adhesion (both synthetic and waterborne). Emphasis was placed on low volatile organic compounds (VOC) values in coating systems. Corrosion degradation of the tested coatings was also monitored. The mechanical surface pre-treatment was performed using a standard technology, so-called sweeping, with synthetic corundum with F40 grain size (these samples served as a standard). Alternative methods that can be used in operations without blasting equipment were also investigated. These included regrinding with two different grain sandpapers (P40 and P100) and regrinding with a corrosion resistant steel brush (wire diameter 0.3 mm). The surface texture was evaluated in accordance with the ČSN EN ISO 4287 standard. Corrosion-mechanical resistance was evaluated by a pull-off adhesion test (according to the ČSN EN ISO 4624 standard) and in a salt spray environment (according to the ČSN EN ISO 9227 standard). Based on the obtained results, mechanical pre-treatment with a corrosion resistant steel brush and possibly P100 grit sandpaper can be recommended, as pre-treatment with these tools showed statistically the best corrosion-mechanical properties.
摘要:本文主要介绍了热镀锌表面机械预处理的各种评价方法，以提高有机涂料的附着力(包括合成漆和水性漆)。重点放在涂层系统中的低挥发性有机化合物(VOC)值。测试涂层的腐蚀降解情况也进行了监测。机械表面预处理采用一种标准技术，即所谓的扫描，使用F40粒度的合成刚玉(这些样品作为标准)。还研究了在没有爆破设备的情况下可以使用的替代方法。其中包括用两种不同粒度的砂纸(P40和P100)和用耐腐蚀钢刷(钢丝直径0.3 mm)进行再磨。表面纹理按照ČSN EN ISO 4287标准进行评估。通过拉脱附着力测试(根据ČSN EN ISO 4624标准)和盐雾环境(根据ČSN EN ISO 9227标准)来评估耐腐蚀机械性能。根据获得的结果，可以推荐使用耐腐蚀钢刷和可能的P100砂纸进行机械预处理，因为统计上这些工具的预处理具有最佳的腐蚀力学性能。
{"title":"Influence of Zinc Coatings Mechanical Pre-Treatments for the Formation of Environmentally Friendly Passivation Duplex Anti-Corrosion Systems","authors":"Jaroslav Lozrt, J. Votava, Radim Šmak, A. Polcar","doi":"10.2478/ata-2022-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ata-2022-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper content is focused on the various evaluation methods of mechanical pre-treatment of hot-dip galvanized surface performed in order to increase the organic paint adhesion (both synthetic and waterborne). Emphasis was placed on low volatile organic compounds (VOC) values in coating systems. Corrosion degradation of the tested coatings was also monitored. The mechanical surface pre-treatment was performed using a standard technology, so-called sweeping, with synthetic corundum with F40 grain size (these samples served as a standard). Alternative methods that can be used in operations without blasting equipment were also investigated. These included regrinding with two different grain sandpapers (P40 and P100) and regrinding with a corrosion resistant steel brush (wire diameter 0.3 mm). The surface texture was evaluated in accordance with the ČSN EN ISO 4287 standard. Corrosion-mechanical resistance was evaluated by a pull-off adhesion test (according to the ČSN EN ISO 4624 standard) and in a salt spray environment (according to the ČSN EN ISO 9227 standard). Based on the obtained results, mechanical pre-treatment with a corrosion resistant steel brush and possibly P100 grit sandpaper can be recommended, as pre-treatment with these tools showed statistically the best corrosion-mechanical properties.","PeriodicalId":43089,"journal":{"name":"Acta Technologica Agriculturae","volume":"25 1","pages":"53 - 60"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44457384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Over the last decades, north of Iran underwent remarkable land use/cover changes due to socio-economic and environmental factors. This study, focused on agricultural land changes for the period of 1990–2020 at Shanderman, Iran, employed Landsat 5 TM, and Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS images. A supervised maximum likelihood classification technique was utilized for the purposes of satellite data classification to four classes: agricultural land, forest, grassland, and built-up area. Results of land change modeller showed that, during the last three decades, agricultural land, grassland and forest decreased by 42.81%, 35.50%, and 4.05%, respectively, while built-up area increased by 361.23%. Most of the losses in agriculture areas occurred in 1990–2011 (44.64%). The predominant losses in 2011–2020 belonged to the forestland (12.47%), making them approx. 3.44 times higher than in 1990–2011. The results highlight the need for serious attention to the deforestation phenomenon, which leads to the conversion of forest into agricultural and built-up areas.
{"title":"Multi-Temporal Detection of Agricultural Land Losses Using Remote Sensing and Gis Techniques, Shanderman, Iran","authors":"Fatemeh Rahimi-Ajdadi, M. Khani","doi":"10.2478/ata-2022-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ata-2022-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Over the last decades, north of Iran underwent remarkable land use/cover changes due to socio-economic and environmental factors. This study, focused on agricultural land changes for the period of 1990–2020 at Shanderman, Iran, employed Landsat 5 TM, and Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS images. A supervised maximum likelihood classification technique was utilized for the purposes of satellite data classification to four classes: agricultural land, forest, grassland, and built-up area. Results of land change modeller showed that, during the last three decades, agricultural land, grassland and forest decreased by 42.81%, 35.50%, and 4.05%, respectively, while built-up area increased by 361.23%. Most of the losses in agriculture areas occurred in 1990–2011 (44.64%). The predominant losses in 2011–2020 belonged to the forestland (12.47%), making them approx. 3.44 times higher than in 1990–2011. The results highlight the need for serious attention to the deforestation phenomenon, which leads to the conversion of forest into agricultural and built-up areas.","PeriodicalId":43089,"journal":{"name":"Acta Technologica Agriculturae","volume":"25 1","pages":"67 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45530667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Planting hole digging is a minimal tillage method, which is beneficial in terms of reducing energy consumption and preventing erosion. Current popular planting hole diggers work intermittently, which results in low productivity. A continuous-operating hole digging machine with an active tillage unit can solve this issue. However, the theoretical basis for this type of digger has not yet been developed; this is also true for the issue of determining the chip thickness – one of the main technical characteristics which significantly influences energy and agrotechnical indicators of active soil tillage. This paper presents research results of determining the soil chip cut thicknesses and observing of new cutting surface under a continuous operation of hole digging machine with an active tillage unit. At the same time, impacts of factors such as the number of knives and the kinematic factor on soil chip sizes are studied. The soil chip size determination and investigation of influence of kinematic and structural parameters on it is conducted via numerical simulation using MATLAB software. The key factors include kinematic factor λf and the number of knives on one cross-section of the tiller’s rotor Z. When λf and Z increase, the maximum average thicknesses decrease gradually; and vice versa, the new specific cutting surface decreases almost linearly. The results are considered a basis for the selection of final parameters for the construction and operation of one machine to meet agronomic requirements.
{"title":"Sizes of Soil Chip Cut By a Continuously Operating Planting Hole Digging Machine with an Active Tillage Unit","authors":"H. Beloev, N. Long, Dau The Nhu, N. D. That","doi":"10.2478/ata-2022-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ata-2022-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Planting hole digging is a minimal tillage method, which is beneficial in terms of reducing energy consumption and preventing erosion. Current popular planting hole diggers work intermittently, which results in low productivity. A continuous-operating hole digging machine with an active tillage unit can solve this issue. However, the theoretical basis for this type of digger has not yet been developed; this is also true for the issue of determining the chip thickness – one of the main technical characteristics which significantly influences energy and agrotechnical indicators of active soil tillage. This paper presents research results of determining the soil chip cut thicknesses and observing of new cutting surface under a continuous operation of hole digging machine with an active tillage unit. At the same time, impacts of factors such as the number of knives and the kinematic factor on soil chip sizes are studied. The soil chip size determination and investigation of influence of kinematic and structural parameters on it is conducted via numerical simulation using MATLAB software. The key factors include kinematic factor λf and the number of knives on one cross-section of the tiller’s rotor Z. When λf and Z increase, the maximum average thicknesses decrease gradually; and vice versa, the new specific cutting surface decreases almost linearly. The results are considered a basis for the selection of final parameters for the construction and operation of one machine to meet agronomic requirements.","PeriodicalId":43089,"journal":{"name":"Acta Technologica Agriculturae","volume":"25 1","pages":"79 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48235595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Energy utilization and demand are increasing in the entire world, and most of the countries have to depend on renewable energy sources. As a renewable energy source, biodiesel produced from feedstock non-edible mahua oil (MO) can be used with a significant production capacity. In the current performance study, biodiesel was produced from high acid value non-edible MO. The mahua oil biodiesel (MOB) has similar properties as diesel and meets the biodiesel fuel standard. As running the engine with MOB is costlier compared to diesel, low-cost liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) was taken as a partial substitute to reduce the operating cost. The dual-mode operation was enabled in the compression ignition (CI) engine by required retrofitting. The engine tests revealed that the MOB can be used as a substitute with LPG fumigation. Based on the cost of MO and engine performance study on mahua biodiesel, it was observed that mahua can serve as a renewable and sustainable energy source to meet the needs of energy and for the improvement in the rural economy.
{"title":"Studies on Mahua Oil Biodiesel as the Sustainable Fuel in Compression Ignition Engine","authors":"N. Kapilan, Sadashiva Prabhu S","doi":"10.2478/ata-2022-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ata-2022-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Energy utilization and demand are increasing in the entire world, and most of the countries have to depend on renewable energy sources. As a renewable energy source, biodiesel produced from feedstock non-edible mahua oil (MO) can be used with a significant production capacity. In the current performance study, biodiesel was produced from high acid value non-edible MO. The mahua oil biodiesel (MOB) has similar properties as diesel and meets the biodiesel fuel standard. As running the engine with MOB is costlier compared to diesel, low-cost liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) was taken as a partial substitute to reduce the operating cost. The dual-mode operation was enabled in the compression ignition (CI) engine by required retrofitting. The engine tests revealed that the MOB can be used as a substitute with LPG fumigation. Based on the cost of MO and engine performance study on mahua biodiesel, it was observed that mahua can serve as a renewable and sustainable energy source to meet the needs of energy and for the improvement in the rural economy.","PeriodicalId":43089,"journal":{"name":"Acta Technologica Agriculturae","volume":"25 1","pages":"85 - 91"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47320463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Š. Boďo, Gabriel Lüttmerding, R. Gálik, P. Kunc, I. Knížková, G. Gürdil
Abstract The paper presented is dedicated to investigation of the temperature-humidity index (THI) and its impacts on the performance parameters of dairy cattle. These parameters were recorded at four farms in the central Slovakia; the experiments took place three years. These parameters comprised milking time, time spent in the milking box, and connection time. The THI was calculated according to the standard formula and individual periods were established on the basis of achieved THI values. The results showed that the milking time and the time spent in the milking box were not reduced when the THI ranged from 68 to 71, with a daily milk yield of 28.96 kg. If the THI exceeded 72, the milking time and the time spent in the milking box were shortened, which was statistically confirmed. However, even with a daily milk yield of 31.27 kg, a reduction in the milking time and time spent in the milking box was reduced. This was caused by the THI higher than 68, which was also statistically confirmed. Based on the results obtained, the dairy cows respond to heat stress by reducing the milking time and reducing time spent in the milking box.
{"title":"Analysis of Selected Data from Robotic Milking Regarding to Heat Stress of Dairy Cows","authors":"Š. Boďo, Gabriel Lüttmerding, R. Gálik, P. Kunc, I. Knížková, G. Gürdil","doi":"10.2478/ata-2022-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ata-2022-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper presented is dedicated to investigation of the temperature-humidity index (THI) and its impacts on the performance parameters of dairy cattle. These parameters were recorded at four farms in the central Slovakia; the experiments took place three years. These parameters comprised milking time, time spent in the milking box, and connection time. The THI was calculated according to the standard formula and individual periods were established on the basis of achieved THI values. The results showed that the milking time and the time spent in the milking box were not reduced when the THI ranged from 68 to 71, with a daily milk yield of 28.96 kg. If the THI exceeded 72, the milking time and the time spent in the milking box were shortened, which was statistically confirmed. However, even with a daily milk yield of 31.27 kg, a reduction in the milking time and time spent in the milking box was reduced. This was caused by the THI higher than 68, which was also statistically confirmed. Based on the results obtained, the dairy cows respond to heat stress by reducing the milking time and reducing time spent in the milking box.","PeriodicalId":43089,"journal":{"name":"Acta Technologica Agriculturae","volume":"25 1","pages":"92 - 96"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41360380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Abrahám, Tomáš Zubčák, R. Majdan, K. Kollárová, Eva Matejková, S. Masarovicová, R. Drlička
Abstract A driving wheel is a part of a tractor, which transmits forces from a tyre to the ground. Therefore, it affects the tractor movement and the pulling of an implement. The paper is aimed at a tractive performance evaluation of special driving wheels based on drawbar pull at 100%-slip. These wheels consist of steel spikes to be applied in the base or working position. The design is characterized by the spikes placed in a tyre-tread pattern. The rubber lugs of the tyre are higher than spikes, therefore, they are not in contact with the ground in the base position. The spikes in the working position exceed the tyre diameter to be in contact with the ground. Tests were performed on a grass plot at a relatively low soil moisture. The spike tyres were compared with the standard tyres using a sub-compact tractor. An increase in drawbar pull reached a statistically significant value of 15.9% in the 2nd gear and 16.7% in the 1st gear.
{"title":"Drawbar Performance of Tractor Tyres with Steel Spikes At 100%-Wheel Slip","authors":"R. Abrahám, Tomáš Zubčák, R. Majdan, K. Kollárová, Eva Matejková, S. Masarovicová, R. Drlička","doi":"10.2478/ata-2022-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ata-2022-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A driving wheel is a part of a tractor, which transmits forces from a tyre to the ground. Therefore, it affects the tractor movement and the pulling of an implement. The paper is aimed at a tractive performance evaluation of special driving wheels based on drawbar pull at 100%-slip. These wheels consist of steel spikes to be applied in the base or working position. The design is characterized by the spikes placed in a tyre-tread pattern. The rubber lugs of the tyre are higher than spikes, therefore, they are not in contact with the ground in the base position. The spikes in the working position exceed the tyre diameter to be in contact with the ground. Tests were performed on a grass plot at a relatively low soil moisture. The spike tyres were compared with the standard tyres using a sub-compact tractor. An increase in drawbar pull reached a statistically significant value of 15.9% in the 2nd gear and 16.7% in the 1st gear.","PeriodicalId":43089,"journal":{"name":"Acta Technologica Agriculturae","volume":"25 1","pages":"97 - 104"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45988744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohamed Abu Ali, Eid Abd El-Rahman, Gamal El-Deen Nasr
Abstract A small-scale wheat cleaning machine was designed to winnow and separate grains from materials-other-than-grains (MOG), such as premature grains and chaff, in order to enhance the quality of grains. It was evaluated technically with respect to assessment criteria: cleanliness, grain loss, chaff rejection, and cleaning efficiency. Experiments were carried out at three levels of sieve slopes (5, 10, and 15°), two sieve reciprocating speeds (0.48 and 0.95 m·s−1), two levels of feed rates (1 and 1.5 kg·min−1), and three air velocities (5, 6 and 7 m·s−1). The results showed that, at sieve reciprocating speed of 0.95 m·s−1, the maximum cleanliness value was – 96.25% – observed at 1.5 kg·min−1 feed rate, 5 m·s−1 air velocity and 5° sieve slope. The minimum cleanliness value – 76.82% – was observed at a feed rate of 1 kg·min−1, 15° sieve slope, 7 m·s−1 air velocity, and 0.48 m·s−1 sieve reciprocating speed. The results showed that the use of either a very low, or a very high sieve slope angle and sieve reciprocating speed while using different air velocities and feed rates is not recommended.
{"title":"Design and Assessment of a Small-Scale Machine for Cleaning Wheat Grains","authors":"Mohamed Abu Ali, Eid Abd El-Rahman, Gamal El-Deen Nasr","doi":"10.2478/ata-2022-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ata-2022-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A small-scale wheat cleaning machine was designed to winnow and separate grains from materials-other-than-grains (MOG), such as premature grains and chaff, in order to enhance the quality of grains. It was evaluated technically with respect to assessment criteria: cleanliness, grain loss, chaff rejection, and cleaning efficiency. Experiments were carried out at three levels of sieve slopes (5, 10, and 15°), two sieve reciprocating speeds (0.48 and 0.95 m·s−1), two levels of feed rates (1 and 1.5 kg·min−1), and three air velocities (5, 6 and 7 m·s−1). The results showed that, at sieve reciprocating speed of 0.95 m·s−1, the maximum cleanliness value was – 96.25% – observed at 1.5 kg·min−1 feed rate, 5 m·s−1 air velocity and 5° sieve slope. The minimum cleanliness value – 76.82% – was observed at a feed rate of 1 kg·min−1, 15° sieve slope, 7 m·s−1 air velocity, and 0.48 m·s−1 sieve reciprocating speed. The results showed that the use of either a very low, or a very high sieve slope angle and sieve reciprocating speed while using different air velocities and feed rates is not recommended.","PeriodicalId":43089,"journal":{"name":"Acta Technologica Agriculturae","volume":"25 1","pages":"13 - 19"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49226916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Nadykto, P. Findura, V. Kyurchev, Oleksander Orel
Abstract Currently, liquid biofuels, and especially biodiesel, are increasingly used. In terms of agricultural production, there arises an urgent question whether utilization of biofuels in agricultural tractors is feasible and efficient. Majority of results regarding the biodiesel use comes from bench tests of engines. However, work of any machine-tractor unit under real conditions, except for the steady-state mode of movement, includes acceleration mode after a turn, or after it was forced stop in the field. It has been established that the addition of sunflower methyl ester (SME) into conventional diesel (CD) leads to a decrease in the throttle response of a tractor engine during its field operation. Using 50% CD and 50% SME as fuel mixture, the tillage machine-tractor unit’s acceleration time increased by 16.6%. Operating on SME only, the unit’s acceleration time reached 50%. The acceleration process of a machine-tractor unit using fuel with addition of SME is non-linear. It consists of two parts: more intensive − with SME content in diesel fuel of up to 50%, and less intensive − with an increase in SME proportion over 50%. When using a mixture of CD with SME in a ratio of 50 : 50, the soil cultivation machine-tractor unit performance decreased by 7.2%, and fuel consumption per tilled area increased by 5.3%.
{"title":"Influence of Biodiesel on Performance of Machine-Tractor Units","authors":"V. Nadykto, P. Findura, V. Kyurchev, Oleksander Orel","doi":"10.2478/ata-2022-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ata-2022-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Currently, liquid biofuels, and especially biodiesel, are increasingly used. In terms of agricultural production, there arises an urgent question whether utilization of biofuels in agricultural tractors is feasible and efficient. Majority of results regarding the biodiesel use comes from bench tests of engines. However, work of any machine-tractor unit under real conditions, except for the steady-state mode of movement, includes acceleration mode after a turn, or after it was forced stop in the field. It has been established that the addition of sunflower methyl ester (SME) into conventional diesel (CD) leads to a decrease in the throttle response of a tractor engine during its field operation. Using 50% CD and 50% SME as fuel mixture, the tillage machine-tractor unit’s acceleration time increased by 16.6%. Operating on SME only, the unit’s acceleration time reached 50%. The acceleration process of a machine-tractor unit using fuel with addition of SME is non-linear. It consists of two parts: more intensive − with SME content in diesel fuel of up to 50%, and less intensive − with an increase in SME proportion over 50%. When using a mixture of CD with SME in a ratio of 50 : 50, the soil cultivation machine-tractor unit performance decreased by 7.2%, and fuel consumption per tilled area increased by 5.3%.","PeriodicalId":43089,"journal":{"name":"Acta Technologica Agriculturae","volume":"25 1","pages":"7 - 12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47984983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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