The aim of the paper is to compare the performance of economic researchers in Austria, Romania and the Visegrad 4 (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia) using performance indicators of researchers from the Scopus and SciVal databases. In the comparison of countries, Austria is included as a benchmark country, while the other five countries represent the countries of the former Eastern bloc. In the study, the definition of an economic researcher is based on indicators that can be obtained from databases. Paper pursued two goals. First, by presenting the relationships between the data obtained from the Scopus/SciVal databases, to present the most important key indicators, then to group the researchers with the help of the analyzed indicators, and to compare the publication performance of the chosen countries. A researcher is considered to be an economic researcher in the study whose at least thirty percent of the published articles in the SCImago database are in the subject areas of Business, Management, and Accounting and Economics, Econometrics, and Finance.
{"title":"A Comparative Analysis of Business and Economics Researchers in the Visegrad Group of Countries, Austria and Romania Based on the Data Obtained from SciVal and Scopus","authors":"Imre Dobos, Péter Sasvári","doi":"10.54694/stat.2023.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54694/stat.2023.5","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the paper is to compare the performance of economic researchers in Austria, Romania and the Visegrad 4 (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia) using performance indicators of researchers from the Scopus and SciVal databases. In the comparison of countries, Austria is included as a benchmark country, while the other five countries represent the countries of the former Eastern bloc. In the study, the definition of an economic researcher is based on indicators that can be obtained from databases. Paper pursued two goals. First, by presenting the relationships between the data obtained from the Scopus/SciVal databases, to present the most important key indicators, then to group the researchers with the help of the analyzed indicators, and to compare the publication performance of the chosen countries. A researcher is considered to be an economic researcher in the study whose at least thirty percent of the published articles in the SCImago database are in the subject areas of Business, Management, and Accounting and Economics, Econometrics, and Finance.","PeriodicalId":43106,"journal":{"name":"Statistika-Statistics and Economy Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135353416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tourism demand modelling is one of the most studied areas in tourism economics, particularly focused on time series and econometric research. In this study, directly interpretable one-equation techniques are utilised, i.e. the autoregressive distributed lag model (ADLM) and the derived error correction model (ECM). To complement the sharing of information and habits in tourism, we apply regressors derived from wages, general prices, and dummies. For the Czech and Austrian data, short- as well as long-run sets of outputs act differently, regarding the specific situation. Such information can straightforwardly be applied to the effective planning of various activities covering the public and private sectors. The results are completed by the standard cointegration testing procedure and residual analysis.
{"title":"The Czech Republic and Austrian Tourism in Scope of German Visitors","authors":"Lukáš Malec, Martina Strušková","doi":"10.54694/stat.2023.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54694/stat.2023.27","url":null,"abstract":"Tourism demand modelling is one of the most studied areas in tourism economics, particularly focused on time series and econometric research. In this study, directly interpretable one-equation techniques are utilised, i.e. the autoregressive distributed lag model (ADLM) and the derived error correction model (ECM). To complement the sharing of information and habits in tourism, we apply regressors derived from wages, general prices, and dummies. For the Czech and Austrian data, short- as well as long-run sets of outputs act differently, regarding the specific situation. Such information can straightforwardly be applied to the effective planning of various activities covering the public and private sectors. The results are completed by the standard cointegration testing procedure and residual analysis.","PeriodicalId":43106,"journal":{"name":"Statistika-Statistics and Economy Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135353727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Based on empirical data, this paper attempts modelling, in general terms, the relationship between money supply and inflation, i.e., the relationship between the inflation rate and monetary aggregates. Our basic idea is to estimate time-shift parameters and, subsequently, a leading indicator that would provide information on whether and with what delay changes in the money supply will be reflected in the price level evolution. The aim of the paper is to formulate and, on the basis of the data, to confirm or refute the hypothesis that changes in the value of monetary aggregates imply changes in the inflation rate and, therefore, whether or not monetary aggregates are certain indicators signalling further evolution of the inflation rate. Monthly data for the Czech Republic from the years 2002–2022 have been used to model and test our hypotheses. The analysis has failed to show a statistically significant relationship between the individual monetary aggregates and the inflation rate.
{"title":"The Relationship between Monetary Aggregates and Inflation – the Case of the Czech Republic","authors":"Stanislava Hronová, Richard Hindls, Luboš Marek","doi":"10.54694/stat.2023.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54694/stat.2023.14","url":null,"abstract":"Based on empirical data, this paper attempts modelling, in general terms, the relationship between money supply and inflation, i.e., the relationship between the inflation rate and monetary aggregates. Our basic idea is to estimate time-shift parameters and, subsequently, a leading indicator that would provide information on whether and with what delay changes in the money supply will be reflected in the price level evolution. The aim of the paper is to formulate and, on the basis of the data, to confirm or refute the hypothesis that changes in the value of monetary aggregates imply changes in the inflation rate and, therefore, whether or not monetary aggregates are certain indicators signalling further evolution of the inflation rate. Monthly data for the Czech Republic from the years 2002–2022 have been used to model and test our hypotheses. The analysis has failed to show a statistically significant relationship between the individual monetary aggregates and the inflation rate.","PeriodicalId":43106,"journal":{"name":"Statistika-Statistics and Economy Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135353579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acceptance sampling, one of the techniques used in quality control, is analysed in present paper. We shall study sampling inspection plans when the remainder of a rejected lot is inspected, i.e. rectifying plans. These plans were introduced by Dodge and Romig for inspection by attributes (each inspected item is classified as either good or defective). Analogous rectifying plans for inspection by variables with one specification limit for the quality characteristic were introduced by the author of this contribution. In present article we shall consider combined inspection (all items from the sample are inspected by variables, but remainder of a rejected lot is inspected only by attributes). We shall show that the combined inspection is the best in many situations. Using plans for combined inspection we can often achieve significant savings of the inspection cost under the same protection of producer and consumer.
{"title":"Rectifying Sampling Inspection by Variables or Attributes? Combined Inspection","authors":"Jindřich Klůfa","doi":"10.54694/stat.2023.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54694/stat.2023.6","url":null,"abstract":"Acceptance sampling, one of the techniques used in quality control, is analysed in present paper. We shall study sampling inspection plans when the remainder of a rejected lot is inspected, i.e. rectifying plans. These plans were introduced by Dodge and Romig for inspection by attributes (each inspected item is classified as either good or defective). Analogous rectifying plans for inspection by variables with one specification limit for the quality characteristic were introduced by the author of this contribution. In present article we shall consider combined inspection (all items from the sample are inspected by variables, but remainder of a rejected lot is inspected only by attributes). We shall show that the combined inspection is the best in many situations. Using plans for combined inspection we can often achieve significant savings of the inspection cost under the same protection of producer and consumer.","PeriodicalId":43106,"journal":{"name":"Statistika-Statistics and Economy Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135353730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The achievement of profits when trading on the stock markets is conditioned by a quality analytical forecast of the development of stock prices in the coming period. This research attempts to compare the results of the ARIMA model and the ARIMA-GARCH model to forecast the development of stock prices on a sample of selected stocks from the Czech, German, Austrian, Polish and British markets. The 4 most liquid titles from each of the above-mentioned markets were selected for the sample of analyzed stocks. Available daily closing stock price data, mostly from the period 2000–2022, were used for the analysis. Research has shown that for most of the analyzed titles, it is more appropriate to use the ARIMA-GARCH model, which better captures variability for this data than just the ARIMA model. The quality of the selected model is evaluated by autocorrelation, heteroskedasticity tests, and Theil´s inequality coefficient.
{"title":"Forecasting Analysis of Stock Prices on European Markets Using the ARIMA-GARCH Model","authors":"Alžběta Zíková, Jitka Veselá","doi":"10.54694/stat.2023.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54694/stat.2023.4","url":null,"abstract":"The achievement of profits when trading on the stock markets is conditioned by a quality analytical forecast of the development of stock prices in the coming period. This research attempts to compare the results of the ARIMA model and the ARIMA-GARCH model to forecast the development of stock prices on a sample of selected stocks from the Czech, German, Austrian, Polish and British markets. The 4 most liquid titles from each of the above-mentioned markets were selected for the sample of analyzed stocks. Available daily closing stock price data, mostly from the period 2000–2022, were used for the analysis. Research has shown that for most of the analyzed titles, it is more appropriate to use the ARIMA-GARCH model, which better captures variability for this data than just the ARIMA model. The quality of the selected model is evaluated by autocorrelation, heteroskedasticity tests, and Theil´s inequality coefficient.","PeriodicalId":43106,"journal":{"name":"Statistika-Statistics and Economy Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135353732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The growth theorists argue that human capital development/accumulation (HCD/A) is vital for economic growth. However, the level of external debt accumulation determines HCA and its effect on economic growth. Besides, the impact of external debt on growth is still debatable. Further, the external debt-growth relationship could be non-linear instead of linear, and external debt can affect growth through the HCD channel. Therefore, this study aims to look at the impact of foreign debt on HCD and growth in heavily indebted poor countries (HIPCs) employing seemingly unrelated regressions (SUR) and other alternative simultaneous equations models (SEMs) from 1990–2017. The result indicates the link between foreign debt and HCD is negative and non-linear, but only non-linearity is observed between foreign debt and growth. Besides, external debt affects HIPCs growth through the HCD channel. Therefore, the study recommends essentializing solid macroeconomic policies, strengthening institutional performance, appropriate debt management strategies, and investing borrowed funds in productive projects.
{"title":"The Impact of External Debt on Human Capital Development and GDP Growth in HIPCs: a Comprehensive Approach","authors":"Sisay Demissew Beyene, Balázs Kotosz","doi":"10.54694/stat.2023.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54694/stat.2023.10","url":null,"abstract":"The growth theorists argue that human capital development/accumulation (HCD/A) is vital for economic growth. However, the level of external debt accumulation determines HCA and its effect on economic growth. Besides, the impact of external debt on growth is still debatable. Further, the external debt-growth relationship could be non-linear instead of linear, and external debt can affect growth through the HCD channel. Therefore, this study aims to look at the impact of foreign debt on HCD and growth in heavily indebted poor countries (HIPCs) employing seemingly unrelated regressions (SUR) and other alternative simultaneous equations models (SEMs) from 1990–2017. The result indicates the link between foreign debt and HCD is negative and non-linear, but only non-linearity is observed between foreign debt and growth. Besides, external debt affects HIPCs growth through the HCD channel. Therefore, the study recommends essentializing solid macroeconomic policies, strengthening institutional performance, appropriate debt management strategies, and investing borrowed funds in productive projects.","PeriodicalId":43106,"journal":{"name":"Statistika-Statistics and Economy Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135353728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trends of the economic relations between Czechia and Hungary – from Hungarian point of view – are reviewed, based mainly on the data of statistics office (KSH) and on the National Bank of Hungary (MNB). Developments are examined in EUR throughout the study, thus evaluation is exempt from HUF exchange rate changes. The first part presents, based on KSH data, the external trade turnover changes between Hungary and Czechia in 1994–2022. Czechia is an important trade partner of Hungary. Timely changes in product structure are emphasized, the most recent state is presented, based on SITC and BEC nomenclature. Car industry turnover size and structure is presented. The role of Czechia in the external trade of services is significantly smaller than in that of goods, but trade increases faster in this field. The second part compares, based on MNB data, the size and divisional structure of the outstanding capital stock, showing that Czech enterprises in Hungary are more productive than the average foreign subsidiary.
{"title":"Economic Relations between Hungary and Czechia","authors":"Tamás Herzog, Zoltán Kormos","doi":"10.54694/stat.2023.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54694/stat.2023.31","url":null,"abstract":"Trends of the economic relations between Czechia and Hungary – from Hungarian point of view – are reviewed, based mainly on the data of statistics office (KSH) and on the National Bank of Hungary (MNB). Developments are examined in EUR throughout the study, thus evaluation is exempt from HUF exchange rate changes. The first part presents, based on KSH data, the external trade turnover changes between Hungary and Czechia in 1994–2022. Czechia is an important trade partner of Hungary. Timely changes in product structure are emphasized, the most recent state is presented, based on SITC and BEC nomenclature. Car industry turnover size and structure is presented. The role of Czechia in the external trade of services is significantly smaller than in that of goods, but trade increases faster in this field. The second part compares, based on MNB data, the size and divisional structure of the outstanding capital stock, showing that Czech enterprises in Hungary are more productive than the average foreign subsidiary.","PeriodicalId":43106,"journal":{"name":"Statistika-Statistics and Economy Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135353731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Digitalization and technological advances develop together with our society. The European Commission intends to monitor this development using the International Digital and Society Index (I-DESI) and provide an objective comparison of the participating countries. This comparison of the counties can be an important part of the roadmap of digital transformation for companies and other participants in the market. The aim of this study is to further analyze the 2020 data of I-DESI using multivariate statistical methods not included in the official report. Our objective is to show whether there are differences between the EU and non-EU countries (discriminant analysis, variance analysis), whether the dimensions of the I-DESI index are overlapping (correlation analysis, factor analysis), and whether different country groups can be formed (cluster analysis). Answering these questions, we can give a useful tool to companies for a more successful digital transformation.
{"title":"Evaluation of Digital Development Based on the International Digital Economy and Society Index 2020 Data","authors":"Janka Ariella Tarjáni, Noémi Kalló, Imre Dobos","doi":"10.54694/stat.2023.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54694/stat.2023.21","url":null,"abstract":"Digitalization and technological advances develop together with our society. The European Commission intends to monitor this development using the International Digital and Society Index (I-DESI) and provide an objective comparison of the participating countries. This comparison of the counties can be an important part of the roadmap of digital transformation for companies and other participants in the market. The aim of this study is to further analyze the 2020 data of I-DESI using multivariate statistical methods not included in the official report. Our objective is to show whether there are differences between the EU and non-EU countries (discriminant analysis, variance analysis), whether the dimensions of the I-DESI index are overlapping (correlation analysis, factor analysis), and whether different country groups can be formed (cluster analysis). Answering these questions, we can give a useful tool to companies for a more successful digital transformation.","PeriodicalId":43106,"journal":{"name":"Statistika-Statistics and Economy Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135353729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The pace of change in contemporary reality creates a need for fresh data to diagnose the impact of this change on the labour market. Opportunities to meet these expectations are provided by data resources collected in registers and administrative systems directly or indirectly related to employment. Experimental work carried out on the adaptation of data from these sources for statistical purposes shows that, for instance, data on employed persons calculated on the basis of the resources of the Social Insurance Institution (ZUS) and the Agricultural Social Insurance Fund (KRUS) allow analyses to be carried out taking into account, i.a., the generations. Currently, there are four generations on the labour market in Poland: the Baby Boomers, X, Y and Z, which differ in terms of their value system, motivation to work, expectations and loyalty to employers.
{"title":"Generations on the Labour Market – an Analysis of Employed Persons in Terms of Age and Sex","authors":"Wiesława Gierańczyk, M. Krajewska","doi":"10.54694/stat.2022.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54694/stat.2022.54","url":null,"abstract":"The pace of change in contemporary reality creates a need for fresh data to diagnose the impact of this change on the labour market. Opportunities to meet these expectations are provided by data resources collected in registers and administrative systems directly or indirectly related to employment. Experimental work carried out on the adaptation of data from these sources for statistical purposes shows that, for instance, data on employed persons calculated on the basis of the resources of the Social Insurance Institution (ZUS) and the Agricultural Social Insurance Fund (KRUS) allow analyses to be carried out taking into account, i.a., the generations. Currently, there are four generations on the labour market in Poland: the Baby Boomers, X, Y and Z, which differ in terms of their value system, motivation to work, expectations and loyalty to employers.","PeriodicalId":43106,"journal":{"name":"Statistika-Statistics and Economy Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42754632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The k-Nearest Neighbour method is a popular nonparametric technique for solving classification and regression problems without having to make potentially restrictive a priori assumptions about the functional form of the statistical relationship under investigation. The purpose of this paper was to demonstrate that the scope of this method can be extended in a way that enables the simultaneous consideration of continuous, ordered discrete, and unordered discrete explanatory variables. An exemplary application to a publicly available dataset demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed approach.
{"title":"Estimating Conditional Event Probabilities with Mixed Regressors: a Weighted Nearest Neighbour Approach","authors":"M. Khatun, S. Siddiqui","doi":"10.54694/stat.2022.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54694/stat.2022.45","url":null,"abstract":"The k-Nearest Neighbour method is a popular nonparametric technique for solving classification and regression problems without having to make potentially restrictive a priori assumptions about the functional form of the statistical relationship under investigation. The purpose of this paper was to demonstrate that the scope of this method can be extended in a way that enables the simultaneous consideration of continuous, ordered discrete, and unordered discrete explanatory variables. An exemplary application to a publicly available dataset demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed approach.","PeriodicalId":43106,"journal":{"name":"Statistika-Statistics and Economy Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49595120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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