Pub Date : 2023-07-28DOI: 10.52165/kinsi.29.2.103-118
M. Yılmaz, G. Yıldızer, Dilara Ucar, Ilker Yilmaz
The aim of this study was to examine perceived leisure-time physical activity constraints between Turkish young people living in Germany and Turkey. The current study was conducted with a causal-comparative model to examine the differences in perceived physical activity constraints between Turkish youth living in Turkey and fourth-generation Turkish-German youth who grew up and lived in Germany. 196 young adults from Germany and 201 young adults from Turkey participated in this study. A 2-way Multivariate Analysis of Variance test was used to assess the effects of country of residence and gender background on perceived physical activity constraints. Analysis revealed that there was a statistically significant interaction effect between the country of residence and gender on perceived physical activity constraints of Body Perception, Facilities, Income, Family, Skill Perception, Time, Willpower, and Society. There was also a statistically significant simple main effect of country of residence on all subscales except the skill perception, and the significant simple main effect of gender on facilities, income, time, willpower, and society subscales. Young adults living in Turkey and female precipitants reported higher physical activity constraints compared to participants living in Germany and males. These differences might be associated with the differences in economic development and physical activity norms in Turkish and German societies. These factors are vital for the number of environmental and organizational opportunities to increase leisure-time physical activity participation.
{"title":"DIFFERENCES IN PERCEIVED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY CONSTRAINTS BETWEEN TURKISH AND 4TH GENERATION TURKISH-GERMAN YOUNG ADULTS","authors":"M. Yılmaz, G. Yıldızer, Dilara Ucar, Ilker Yilmaz","doi":"10.52165/kinsi.29.2.103-118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52165/kinsi.29.2.103-118","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to examine perceived leisure-time physical activity constraints between Turkish young people living in Germany and Turkey. The current study was conducted with a causal-comparative model to examine the differences in perceived physical activity constraints between Turkish youth living in Turkey and fourth-generation Turkish-German youth who grew up and lived in Germany. 196 young adults from Germany and 201 young adults from Turkey participated in this study. A 2-way Multivariate Analysis of Variance test was used to assess the effects of country of residence and gender background on perceived physical activity constraints. Analysis revealed that there was a statistically significant interaction effect between the country of residence and gender on perceived physical activity constraints of Body Perception, Facilities, Income, Family, Skill Perception, Time, Willpower, and Society. There was also a statistically significant simple main effect of country of residence on all subscales except the skill perception, and the significant simple main effect of gender on facilities, income, time, willpower, and society subscales. Young adults living in Turkey and female precipitants reported higher physical activity constraints compared to participants living in Germany and males. These differences might be associated with the differences in economic development and physical activity norms in Turkish and German societies. These factors are vital for the number of environmental and organizational opportunities to increase leisure-time physical activity participation.","PeriodicalId":43206,"journal":{"name":"Kinesiologia Slovenica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45555030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the study is the determination of the hamstrings, hip muscles, and lower and upper muscles' active flexibility. Thus, by using a new method of the measurement of active flexibility which is based on angle degree, we aim to provide information about the contribution ratio of hamstrings, hips, and lower and upper back muscles on reachability performance. A total of 26 physical education and sports science faculty girls (weight: 57.7kg, height: 164.2cm), and 128 boys (weight: 72.1kg, height: 176.9cm) was included. To measure the flexibility of the students the Kinovea-0.9.4-x64.exe program was used. Measurements included tests such as the LUBAD, LBLBAD, LBPAG, SRT and MSRT. In the data analysis one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and the percentage formula: “%= (X / X) *100” was used. Correlations between reachability tests such as SRT and MSRT, and tests which are supposed to measure the lower and upper back effect of reachability LUBAD, LBLBAD are statistically significant (p<0.05). In girls, just 23%, and boys 26% of active flexibility is caused by hamstrings and hip muscles, while in the girls 77%, and in boys, 74% of the active flexibility was caused by the lower and upper back muscles. The girls resulted to use a higher ratio the upper back flexibility to cover the lack of hips, and hamstrings muscles flexibility while they perform reachability tests. Thus, the reachability is not caused just by hamstrings, and hips muscles, but also it is affected by the lower and upper back muscles' active flexibility.
{"title":"A NEW APPROACH TO ACTIVE FLEXIBILITY MEASUREMENT IN STUDENTS OF SPORTS SCIENCES FACULTIES","authors":"Milaim Berisha, Gamze Ceyhan, Aliye Büyükergün, Masar Gjaka","doi":"10.52165/kinsi.29.2.195-207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52165/kinsi.29.2.195-207","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study is the determination of the hamstrings, hip muscles, and lower and upper muscles' active flexibility. Thus, by using a new method of the measurement of active flexibility which is based on angle degree, we aim to provide information about the contribution ratio of hamstrings, hips, and lower and upper back muscles on reachability performance. A total of 26 physical education and sports science faculty girls (weight: 57.7kg, height: 164.2cm), and 128 boys (weight: 72.1kg, height: 176.9cm) was included. To measure the flexibility of the students the Kinovea-0.9.4-x64.exe program was used. Measurements included tests such as the LUBAD, LBLBAD, LBPAG, SRT and MSRT. In the data analysis one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and the percentage formula: “%= (X / X) *100” was used. Correlations between reachability tests such as SRT and MSRT, and tests which are supposed to measure the lower and upper back effect of reachability LUBAD, LBLBAD are statistically significant (p<0.05). In girls, just 23%, and boys 26% of active flexibility is caused by hamstrings and hip muscles, while in the girls 77%, and in boys, 74% of the active flexibility was caused by the lower and upper back muscles. The girls resulted to use a higher ratio the upper back flexibility to cover the lack of hips, and hamstrings muscles flexibility while they perform reachability tests. Thus, the reachability is not caused just by hamstrings, and hips muscles, but also it is affected by the lower and upper back muscles' active flexibility.","PeriodicalId":43206,"journal":{"name":"Kinesiologia Slovenica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44263611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-28DOI: 10.52165/kinsi.29.2.220-231
José Augusto Rodrigues dos Santos, A. Pizarro
Ultra-Endurance running training is a powerful stressor for all biological systems and depends mainly on its volume and intensity. Although the high physical demands, soldiers are an unstudied group and information on exercise indicators are essential. This study aimed to observe the changes in serum biochemical indicators in previously endurance trained elite soldiers after a 17-week training program with a dramatic increase in running volume. Three subjects (#1: 26 years, 169,5cm; #2: 27 years, 167,9cm; #3: 27 years, 180,7cm) running daily between 10-12 km/day, increased their running volume to prepare the participation in a 100-km ultramarathon race. For 17 weeks the training program included 10-12 sessions per week, corresponding to 200-260 km. Average daily running volume was 35.8±6.2 km. Blood samples were taken for analysis of urea, creatinine, glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides, AST, ALT, CK, aldolase, Na, chloride, P, Ca, K, Fe, Mg and cortisol. Despite a marked drop in iron and a rise in phosphorus, the overall mineral status remained within laboratory reference values. ALT, AST, Aldolase showed slight changes while a marked increase was found in CK. Creatinine decreased and urea maintained the high starting values. Changes of glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides had no clinical significance. After the 17-week the cortisol increased to outside of the reference values in two participants. This study shows that a dramatic increase in running training volume experienced by previous trained runners is mainly reflected in basal blood chemistry through the reduction of iron and creatinine and increase of cortisol.
{"title":"BLOOD BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES AFTER DRAMATIC INCREASE IN RUNNING TRAINING VOLUME: EXPLORATORY STUDY IN 3 ELITE SOLDIERS","authors":"José Augusto Rodrigues dos Santos, A. Pizarro","doi":"10.52165/kinsi.29.2.220-231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52165/kinsi.29.2.220-231","url":null,"abstract":"Ultra-Endurance running training is a powerful stressor for all biological systems and depends mainly on its volume and intensity. Although the high physical demands, soldiers are an unstudied group and information on exercise indicators are essential. This study aimed to observe the changes in serum biochemical indicators in previously endurance trained elite soldiers after a 17-week training program with a dramatic increase in running volume. Three subjects (#1: 26 years, 169,5cm; #2: 27 years, 167,9cm; #3: 27 years, 180,7cm) running daily between 10-12 km/day, increased their running volume to prepare the participation in a 100-km ultramarathon race. For 17 weeks the training program included 10-12 sessions per week, corresponding to 200-260 km. Average daily running volume was 35.8±6.2 km. Blood samples were taken for analysis of urea, creatinine, glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides, AST, ALT, CK, aldolase, Na, chloride, P, Ca, K, Fe, Mg and cortisol. Despite a marked drop in iron and a rise in phosphorus, the overall mineral status remained within laboratory reference values. ALT, AST, Aldolase showed slight changes while a marked increase was found in CK. Creatinine decreased and urea maintained the high starting values. Changes of glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides had no clinical significance. After the 17-week the cortisol increased to outside of the reference values in two participants. This study shows that a dramatic increase in running training volume experienced by previous trained runners is mainly reflected in basal blood chemistry through the reduction of iron and creatinine and increase of cortisol.","PeriodicalId":43206,"journal":{"name":"Kinesiologia Slovenica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48193740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-28DOI: 10.52165/kinsi.29.2.83-102
Karmen Sibanc, I. Čuk, M. Pajek, I. Pušnik
The temperature of palms and their differences after different loading have not been well studied. Our research question was how palm temperature differs in human hands after different 30-second loads (handstand and swinging in handstand) on low parallel bars. A high-quality thermal imaging camera was used to measure 38 students from the University of Ljubljana, Faculty of sport. Palm temperatures were measured before the load was applied, immediately after load and every 30 seconds for a period of 5 minutes after the load. Each hand was divided into 9 different Regions of Interest (ROIs). Mean (XA), standard deviation (SD), maximum and minimum, and number of pixels were calculated. According to our results, there was no difference between the left and right hands. The temperature immediately after loading decreased significantly in both loads and then increased above the level as before loading. After static loading, the temperature decrease is smaller and then increases faster than after dynamic loading. For both loads, the temperature is higher 5 minutes after the load than before the load. We need to further investigation how long it takes for the hand temperature to reach the pre-load temperature.
{"title":"HANDSTAND ON PARALLEL BARS: TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCES OF PALMS AFTER STATIC AND DYNAMIC LOAD","authors":"Karmen Sibanc, I. Čuk, M. Pajek, I. Pušnik","doi":"10.52165/kinsi.29.2.83-102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52165/kinsi.29.2.83-102","url":null,"abstract":"The temperature of palms and their differences after different loading have not been well studied. Our research question was how palm temperature differs in human hands after different 30-second loads (handstand and swinging in handstand) on low parallel bars. A high-quality thermal imaging camera was used to measure 38 students from the University of Ljubljana, Faculty of sport. Palm temperatures were measured before the load was applied, immediately after load and every 30 seconds for a period of 5 minutes after the load. Each hand was divided into 9 different Regions of Interest (ROIs). Mean (XA), standard deviation (SD), maximum and minimum, and number of pixels were calculated. According to our results, there was no difference between the left and right hands. The temperature immediately after loading decreased significantly in both loads and then increased above the level as before loading. After static loading, the temperature decrease is smaller and then increases faster than after dynamic loading. For both loads, the temperature is higher 5 minutes after the load than before the load. We need to further investigation how long it takes for the hand temperature to reach the pre-load temperature.","PeriodicalId":43206,"journal":{"name":"Kinesiologia Slovenica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45278173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-28DOI: 10.52165/kinsi.29.2.119-135
Vojko Vučković, T. Kajtna, Maja Zalaznik, Živa Kolbl
Our goal in this study was to examine the structural relationships between social media fun, social media informativeness, exercise motivation, trust, and repurchase intention. Participants, all of whom were members of fitness center, completed surveys to assess these relationships. Results showed that both social media fun and social media informativeness had a positive impact on trust, but not on repurchase intention. Social media fun has a significantly positive influence on exercise motivation, but we could not confirm this for social media informativeness. Moreover, our results show that only social media fun has a positive influence on exercise motivation. We could not confirm the influence of motivation on trust. Finally, we confirmed that trust predicts repurchase intention for fitness center members.
{"title":"SCROLLING FOR SWEAT: UNPACKING THE DYNAMICS OF SOCIAL MEDIA, MOTIVATION, TRUST, AND REPURCHASING IN THE FITNESS WORLD","authors":"Vojko Vučković, T. Kajtna, Maja Zalaznik, Živa Kolbl","doi":"10.52165/kinsi.29.2.119-135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52165/kinsi.29.2.119-135","url":null,"abstract":"Our goal in this study was to examine the structural relationships between social media fun, social media informativeness, exercise motivation, trust, and repurchase intention. Participants, all of whom were members of fitness center, completed surveys to assess these relationships. Results showed that both social media fun and social media informativeness had a positive impact on trust, but not on repurchase intention. Social media fun has a significantly positive influence on exercise motivation, but we could not confirm this for social media informativeness. Moreover, our results show that only social media fun has a positive influence on exercise motivation. We could not confirm the influence of motivation on trust. Finally, we confirmed that trust predicts repurchase intention for fitness center members.","PeriodicalId":43206,"journal":{"name":"Kinesiologia Slovenica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49573185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-28DOI: 10.52165/kinsi.29.2.50-67
Krešimir Jurlin, V. Babić, A. Dolenec
While there is a significant number of analyses of influence of coaching and training content on performance, detailed analyses linking teaching the technique and biomechanics indicators in literature are rather scarce. The purpose of the study was to determine the differences between two groups of racewalkers in the selected variables describing their gaits. The research method consisted of measuring ground reaction forces as well as kinematics of motion recorded by video cameras and the OptoJumpNext system of 14 athletes from two distinct training groups of athletes walking at individually determined speed. To identify the differences in 9 key variables between the two groups, a two-sample unpaired T-test was performed, which was also controlled by Cohens' effect size indicator. The main finding of the study is that 5 key variables unrelated to walking speed were statistically different between the two groups, with Group A (predominantly "M"-shaped) having a lower ratio of peak ground reaction force (GRF) to GRF at 70% of the contact phase (p=0.0000), lower ratio of total GRF at the end and beginning of the interval 70% - 80% (p=0.0006), greater pelvic rotation (p=0.0056) and a more upright posture with lower forward pelvic tilt (p=0.0001) and lower backward thoracic tilt (p=0.0000). There were no significant differences between the two groups in two variables describing upper body movement i.e. arm-swing angle and thoracic rotation. Another variable (peak GRF) was also statistically different between the two group (p=0.0000), but this variable is related to the walking speed, which was not identical for the two groups. In conclusion, differences in the selected biomechanical indicators, that are trainable according to literature, may have been influenced by apparently different training approaches applied within the two groups of athletes. We suggest that, although the gait in racewalking is rather strictly defined by the rules, the above variables can and should be controlled and influenced by training to develop a smooth racewalking technique with lower peak ground reaction forces.
{"title":"IS THE RACEWALKING BIOMECHANICS SIGNIFICANTLY INFLUENCED BY COACHING?","authors":"Krešimir Jurlin, V. Babić, A. Dolenec","doi":"10.52165/kinsi.29.2.50-67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52165/kinsi.29.2.50-67","url":null,"abstract":"While there is a significant number of analyses of influence of coaching and training content on performance, detailed analyses linking teaching the technique and biomechanics indicators in literature are rather scarce. The purpose of the study was to determine the differences between two groups of racewalkers in the selected variables describing their gaits. The research method consisted of measuring ground reaction forces as well as kinematics of motion recorded by video cameras and the OptoJumpNext system of 14 athletes from two distinct training groups of athletes walking at individually determined speed. To identify the differences in 9 key variables between the two groups, a two-sample unpaired T-test was performed, which was also controlled by Cohens' effect size indicator. The main finding of the study is that 5 key variables unrelated to walking speed were statistically different between the two groups, with Group A (predominantly \"M\"-shaped) having a lower ratio of peak ground reaction force (GRF) to GRF at 70% of the contact phase (p=0.0000), lower ratio of total GRF at the end and beginning of the interval 70% - 80% (p=0.0006), greater pelvic rotation (p=0.0056) and a more upright posture with lower forward pelvic tilt (p=0.0001) and lower backward thoracic tilt (p=0.0000). There were no significant differences between the two groups in two variables describing upper body movement i.e. arm-swing angle and thoracic rotation. Another variable (peak GRF) was also statistically different between the two group (p=0.0000), but this variable is related to the walking speed, which was not identical for the two groups. In conclusion, differences in the selected biomechanical indicators, that are trainable according to literature, may have been influenced by apparently different training approaches applied within the two groups of athletes. We suggest that, although the gait in racewalking is rather strictly defined by the rules, the above variables can and should be controlled and influenced by training to develop a smooth racewalking technique with lower peak ground reaction forces.","PeriodicalId":43206,"journal":{"name":"Kinesiologia Slovenica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46279268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite all endeavours to prevent it, the use of performance-enhancing substances continues to occur in sports and social science research suggests that doping prevalence is likely much higher than what is found through testing. One of the ways to uncover doping violators is through reporting illicit drug use, through “doping whistleblowing” – the readiness to do so depends highly on the level of our moral development and the motivation to do so. It was exactly this method, which helped uncover some of the biggest doping scandals in sport in the past few years and our purpose in this study was to examine attitudes toward drug testing and anonymous reporting and see, if we can predict an athlete’s intention to report anonymously based on attitudes toward drug testing. 255 top athletes and coaches from Estonia and Slovenia-two small, athletically successful countries-participated in this study, 176 male and 79 female, 156 athletes and 99 coaches from team and individual sports. They filled out an attitudes questionnaire about drug testing and an anonymous report. The participants filled out a questionnaire online. We used t – test to compare subgroups of participants and correlation and linear regression to look for relations between doping attitudes and willingness to make an anonymous report. Comparisons of subgroups of participants revealed that female participants are more likely to believe that taking banned substances should be punished but are less likely to make an anonymous report. We also found that coaches seem to be better informed about the issue of doping than athletes and trust NADO more than athletes. We found several correlations between attitudes toward doping testing and those toward anonymous report and we tried to predict the willingness to make an anonymous report. We found several predictors, which were different for men and women. NADOs play an important role in creating conditions, which will enable people to report doping anonymously, but it has to be done both through education and through rigorous testing. This will ensure that whistleblowing can become an active part of the fight for clean sport.
{"title":"SHOULD I REPORT ABUSE? - ATTITUDES TOWARD DOPING TESTING AND ANONYMOUS REPORTING IN THE WHISTLEBOWER PROGRAMME","authors":"T. Kajtna, Luka Zajc, Nina Makuc","doi":"10.52165/kinsi.29.2.68-","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52165/kinsi.29.2.68-","url":null,"abstract":"Despite all endeavours to prevent it, the use of performance-enhancing substances continues to occur in sports and social science research suggests that doping prevalence is likely much higher than what is found through testing. One of the ways to uncover doping violators is through reporting illicit drug use, through “doping whistleblowing” – the readiness to do so depends highly on the level of our moral development and the motivation to do so. It was exactly this method, which helped uncover some of the biggest doping scandals in sport in the past few years and our purpose in this study was to examine attitudes toward drug testing and anonymous reporting and see, if we can predict an athlete’s intention to report anonymously based on attitudes toward drug testing. 255 top athletes and coaches from Estonia and Slovenia-two small, athletically successful countries-participated in this study, 176 male and 79 female, 156 athletes and 99 coaches from team and individual sports. They filled out an attitudes questionnaire about drug testing and an anonymous report. The participants filled out a questionnaire online. We used t – test to compare subgroups of participants and correlation and linear regression to look for relations between doping attitudes and willingness to make an anonymous report. Comparisons of subgroups of participants revealed that female participants are more likely to believe that taking banned substances should be punished but are less likely to make an anonymous report. We also found that coaches seem to be better informed about the issue of doping than athletes and trust NADO more than athletes. We found several correlations between attitudes toward doping testing and those toward anonymous report and we tried to predict the willingness to make an anonymous report. We found several predictors, which were different for men and women. NADOs play an important role in creating conditions, which will enable people to report doping anonymously, but it has to be done both through education and through rigorous testing. This will ensure that whistleblowing can become an active part of the fight for clean sport.","PeriodicalId":43206,"journal":{"name":"Kinesiologia Slovenica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47401369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-28DOI: 10.52165/kinsi.29.2.157-182
M. Bon, Susan Wilson-Gahan, Mojca Doupona, P. Pori
This qualitative research aimed to study the career development outcomes of women's handball players. The purpose was to identify the socio-cultural factors and personal characteristics that enabled athletes from geographically small countries with middle-ranking national handball teams to fulfil their sporting career goals. Data collection via semi-structured interviews and systematic observation of the athlete's career development commenced in 2012 and lasted one decade. Career development was one part of the questions; the other parts concerned migration and dual careers. Altogether sixteen semi-structured interviews were conducted – with players ranked in the top ten players in their national teams, and all had played more than 50 international matches; after the observation phase, the eight players still actively playing at the elite handball level were re-interviewed; all were sports migrants. In the final stage of the study, two additional interviews were done – with two athletes who were among the players with the most successful careers in Europe at that time but not having migration experience. The study concluded that parents and coaches are the most important social support in career development in the first career phase. In the second phase, access to dual career prospects is vital to successful career development, parallel with elite handball sports conditions in a club and national teams. A successful migration path seems to be one of the significant factors in evaluating success in sports career development.
{"title":"CAREER DEVELOPMENT IN WOMEN’S HANDBALL ELITE PLAYERS – MIDDLE RANKING COUNTRIES SPECIFICS","authors":"M. Bon, Susan Wilson-Gahan, Mojca Doupona, P. Pori","doi":"10.52165/kinsi.29.2.157-182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52165/kinsi.29.2.157-182","url":null,"abstract":"This qualitative research aimed to study the career development outcomes of women's handball players. The purpose was to identify the socio-cultural factors and personal characteristics that enabled athletes from geographically small countries with middle-ranking national handball teams to fulfil their sporting career goals. Data collection via semi-structured interviews and systematic observation of the athlete's career development commenced in 2012 and lasted one decade. Career development was one part of the questions; the other parts concerned migration and dual careers. Altogether sixteen semi-structured interviews were conducted – with players ranked in the top ten players in their national teams, and all had played more than 50 international matches; after the observation phase, the eight players still actively playing at the elite handball level were re-interviewed; all were sports migrants. In the final stage of the study, two additional interviews were done – with two athletes who were among the players with the most successful careers in Europe at that time but not having migration experience. The study concluded that parents and coaches are the most important social support in career development in the first career phase. In the second phase, access to dual career prospects is vital to successful career development, parallel with elite handball sports conditions in a club and national teams. A successful migration path seems to be one of the significant factors in evaluating success in sports career development.","PeriodicalId":43206,"journal":{"name":"Kinesiologia Slovenica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70827226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-28DOI: 10.52165/kinsi.29.2.136-156
Lea Železnik Mežan, B. Škof
Cooperative Learning promotes peer teaching that fosters active learner engagement and better retention and usefulness of knowledge. Research has shown that Cooperative Learning has a positive impact on motor learning in PE students. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Cooperative Learning is a more appropriate teaching approach for use in youth competitive athletics to improve children’s motor learning, compared to the Direct Instruction used so far. Using cluster random assignment, twelve Slovenian track and field groups (140 young athletes) were divided into an experimental group that completed three Cooperative Learning units (30 training sessions) and a control group. The children’s performances in four track and field skills were recorded and rated by three qualified assessors. A pretest-posttest research design was used. Nested analyses of covariance were conducted to examine whether the model (Cooperative Learning vs. Direct Instruction) affected posttest scores, adjusting for the average age of children and their track and field proficiency at baseline. Significant differences in favour of Cooperative Learning were found for three variables: track and field skills, low skipping, and crouch start. We found that Cooperative Learning is very effective in improving motor learning in youth competitive athletics and even more effective than Direct Instruction. The cooperative nature of the studied pedagogical model promotes peer teaching, giving feedback and taking responsibility, which has a more positive effect on the young athletes’ sports skills than the traditional teaching method.
{"title":"COOPERATIVE LEARNING VS. DIRECT INSTRUCTION IN YOUTH SPORT: EFFECTS ON CHILDREN’S MOTOR LEARNING","authors":"Lea Železnik Mežan, B. Škof","doi":"10.52165/kinsi.29.2.136-156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52165/kinsi.29.2.136-156","url":null,"abstract":"Cooperative Learning promotes peer teaching that fosters active learner engagement and better retention and usefulness of knowledge. Research has shown that Cooperative Learning has a positive impact on motor learning in PE students. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Cooperative Learning is a more appropriate teaching approach for use in youth competitive athletics to improve children’s motor learning, compared to the Direct Instruction used so far. Using cluster random assignment, twelve Slovenian track and field groups (140 young athletes) were divided into an experimental group that completed three Cooperative Learning units (30 training sessions) and a control group. The children’s performances in four track and field skills were recorded and rated by three qualified assessors. A pretest-posttest research design was used. Nested analyses of covariance were conducted to examine whether the model (Cooperative Learning vs. Direct Instruction) affected posttest scores, adjusting for the average age of children and their track and field proficiency at baseline. Significant differences in favour of Cooperative Learning were found for three variables: track and field skills, low skipping, and crouch start. We found that Cooperative Learning is very effective in improving motor learning in youth competitive athletics and even more effective than Direct Instruction. The cooperative nature of the studied pedagogical model promotes peer teaching, giving feedback and taking responsibility, which has a more positive effect on the young athletes’ sports skills than the traditional teaching method.","PeriodicalId":43206,"journal":{"name":"Kinesiologia Slovenica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47424260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-28DOI: 10.52165/kinsi.29.2.183-194
S. Ulupınar, Cebrail Gençoğlu, S. Özbay
While there exists a significant body of research dedicated to performance tests specific to combat sports, the current literature lacks valid and functional methodologies for assessing kickboxing-specific tasks. The present study endeavored to establish the test-retest reliability, standard error of measurement (SEM), minimal detectable change (MDC), smallest worthwhile change (SWC), and typical error (TE) values of the Frequency Speed of Kicks Test (FSKT). Furthermore, this study sought to compare the reliability values of the FSKT with those of the countermovement jump test (CMJ). The study cohort consisted of twenty-eight junior male kickboxers. Participants performed the CMJ and FSKT twice across test and retest sessions. Pearson correlation analysis identified a significant correlation (r=0.717) between the CMJ and FSKT. Paired t-tests revealed no significant disparities between the test and retest values for both the CMJ and FSKT. However, the difference between the test and retest in the CMJ demonstrated a small effect size, while the FSKT showed a trivial effect size. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values for the CMJ and FSKT were deemed "good" (r=0.855) and "excellent" (r=0.963) respectively, in terms of reliability. The FSKT displayed superior absolute agreement between test and retest scores due to its lower SEM values when compared to the CMJ. The TE, used to estimate trial-to-trial variation, was lower in the FSKT than in the CMJ. Moreover, the results indicated a lower MDC value in the FSKT than the CMJ, suggesting that the FSKT could be more effective at detecting smaller performance changes compared to the CMJ. In conclusion, this study posits that the FSKT could be considered a reliable method, demonstrating reproducible results in the performance evaluation of kickboxing athletes, pending the development of a functional kickboxing-specific field test.
{"title":"TEST-RETEST RELIABILITY, SMALLEST WORTHWHILE CHANGE, AND MINIMAL DETECTABLE CHANGE SCORES FOR FREQUENCY SPEED OF KICK TEST IN JUNIOR KICKBOXING ATHLETES","authors":"S. Ulupınar, Cebrail Gençoğlu, S. Özbay","doi":"10.52165/kinsi.29.2.183-194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52165/kinsi.29.2.183-194","url":null,"abstract":"While there exists a significant body of research dedicated to performance tests specific to combat sports, the current literature lacks valid and functional methodologies for assessing kickboxing-specific tasks. The present study endeavored to establish the test-retest reliability, standard error of measurement (SEM), minimal detectable change (MDC), smallest worthwhile change (SWC), and typical error (TE) values of the Frequency Speed of Kicks Test (FSKT). Furthermore, this study sought to compare the reliability values of the FSKT with those of the countermovement jump test (CMJ). The study cohort consisted of twenty-eight junior male kickboxers. Participants performed the CMJ and FSKT twice across test and retest sessions. Pearson correlation analysis identified a significant correlation (r=0.717) between the CMJ and FSKT. Paired t-tests revealed no significant disparities between the test and retest values for both the CMJ and FSKT. However, the difference between the test and retest in the CMJ demonstrated a small effect size, while the FSKT showed a trivial effect size. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values for the CMJ and FSKT were deemed \"good\" (r=0.855) and \"excellent\" (r=0.963) respectively, in terms of reliability. The FSKT displayed superior absolute agreement between test and retest scores due to its lower SEM values when compared to the CMJ. The TE, used to estimate trial-to-trial variation, was lower in the FSKT than in the CMJ. Moreover, the results indicated a lower MDC value in the FSKT than the CMJ, suggesting that the FSKT could be more effective at detecting smaller performance changes compared to the CMJ. In conclusion, this study posits that the FSKT could be considered a reliable method, demonstrating reproducible results in the performance evaluation of kickboxing athletes, pending the development of a functional kickboxing-specific field test.","PeriodicalId":43206,"journal":{"name":"Kinesiologia Slovenica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41902437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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