Pub Date : 2021-09-13DOI: 10.52165/kinsi.27.2.40-51
A. Işın
The aim of the present study was two-fold; (1) to examine the relative age effect of football players representing their countries and reaching the podium in the FIFA U17 and U20 World Cups between 2009 and 2019, and (2) to analyze the relative age effect according to players’ positions. This study was a retrospective cross-sectional design. A total of 756 male football players were included in the study. Dates of birth of football players were grouped into periods of three months in a quartile year. All data is presented in frequency and percentage. Chi-square was applied to determine differences in the intergroup distributions. The odds ratio, confidence interval (95%) and Cramer’s V were calculated. The findings emphasized the relative age effect in successful national teams participating last six U17 and U20 World Cup. The relative age effect of U17 was higher compared to U20 (χ² = 70.974; p < 0.001, χ² = 39.587; p < 0.001 respectively). As a result of the research, players born in the first quartile of the year have been represented on podium more than those born in the last quartile, significantly. The findings of this study confirm the presence of relative age effect among football players reaching the podium in the last six U17 and U20 World Cup. Coaches and sports scientists are suggested to take the relative age effect into reconsideration to reduce this bias and to improve the system leading to loss of talents as a consequence.
{"title":"THE RELATIVE AGE EFFECT IN SUCCESSFUL NATIONAL FOOTBALL TEAMS","authors":"A. Işın","doi":"10.52165/kinsi.27.2.40-51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52165/kinsi.27.2.40-51","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study was two-fold; (1) to examine the relative age effect of football players representing their countries and reaching the podium in the FIFA U17 and U20 World Cups between 2009 and 2019, and (2) to analyze the relative age effect according to players’ positions. This study was a retrospective cross-sectional design. A total of 756 male football players were included in the study. Dates of birth of football players were grouped into periods of three months in a quartile year. All data is presented in frequency and percentage. Chi-square was applied to determine differences in the intergroup distributions. The odds ratio, confidence interval (95%) and Cramer’s V were calculated. The findings emphasized the relative age effect in successful national teams participating last six U17 and U20 World Cup. The relative age effect of U17 was higher compared to U20 (χ² = 70.974; p < 0.001, χ² = 39.587; p < 0.001 respectively). As a result of the research, players born in the first quartile of the year have been represented on podium more than those born in the last quartile, significantly. The findings of this study confirm the presence of relative age effect among football players reaching the podium in the last six U17 and U20 World Cup. Coaches and sports scientists are suggested to take the relative age effect into reconsideration to reduce this bias and to improve the system leading to loss of talents as a consequence.","PeriodicalId":43206,"journal":{"name":"Kinesiologia Slovenica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45498940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-13DOI: 10.52165/kinsi.27.2.62-71
O. Çetin, Ozkan Isik, M. Beyleroğlu, Erdi Tokul, Muhsin Hazar
This study aimed to examine the effects of two different defensive based playing formations (3-Defender formation and 4-Defender formation) on both the reference and the opponent teams' running activity profiles. 8 official matches (n=4, 3-Defender formation; n=4, 4-Defender formation) of Galatasaray football team (Turkish Super League) and opposition teams performed with two different playing formations were monitored. The sample matches were monitored and analyzed using a multiple-camera computerized tracking system. Running activity data variables obtained from the software were analyzed in 5 different categories (total running distance in kilometers, mean speed in km.h-1, high-intensity running (20 km.h-1 to 24 km.h-1) distance in meters, sprint (>24 km.h-1) distance, sprint numbers. The results of this study indicate that running activity profiles of reference and opposition teams generally do not differ (p >0.05) according to the different game formation of the reference team. Only the reference team's total running distance was higher (p <0.05) in the 4-Defender formation than the 3-Defender formation (2.52%).
{"title":"A COMPARISON OF TWO DIFFERENT DEFENSIVE BASED PLAYING FORMATIONS ON THE RUNNING ACTIVITY PROFILES OF SOCCER TEAMS","authors":"O. Çetin, Ozkan Isik, M. Beyleroğlu, Erdi Tokul, Muhsin Hazar","doi":"10.52165/kinsi.27.2.62-71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52165/kinsi.27.2.62-71","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to examine the effects of two different defensive based playing formations (3-Defender formation and 4-Defender formation) on both the reference and the opponent teams' running activity profiles. 8 official matches (n=4, 3-Defender formation; n=4, 4-Defender formation) of Galatasaray football team (Turkish Super League) and opposition teams performed with two different playing formations were monitored. The sample matches were monitored and analyzed using a multiple-camera computerized tracking system. Running activity data variables obtained from the software were analyzed in 5 different categories (total running distance in kilometers, mean speed in km.h-1, high-intensity running (20 km.h-1 to 24 km.h-1) distance in meters, sprint (>24 km.h-1) distance, sprint numbers. The results of this study indicate that running activity profiles of reference and opposition teams generally do not differ (p >0.05) according to the different game formation of the reference team. Only the reference team's total running distance was higher (p <0.05) in the 4-Defender formation than the 3-Defender formation (2.52%).","PeriodicalId":43206,"journal":{"name":"Kinesiologia Slovenica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45379711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-13DOI: 10.52165/kinsi.27.2.139-142
Dragan Bacovic
For the purposes of this research, the following anthropometric variables have been measured: body height, body weight, hip and waist circumference. Mentioned anthropometric characteristics were used to determine: body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) that were used to assess nutritional status. First grade girls have an average value of level 1 (27.3cm2) and first grade boys of level 2.5 (31.2cm2).
{"title":"DIFFERENCES IN THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND BODY COMPOSITION OF CHILDREN ATTENDING THE FIRST AND FOURTH GRADE OF PRIMARY SCHOOL IN MONTENEGRO","authors":"Dragan Bacovic","doi":"10.52165/kinsi.27.2.139-142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52165/kinsi.27.2.139-142","url":null,"abstract":"For the purposes of this research, the following anthropometric variables have been measured: body height, body weight, hip and waist circumference. Mentioned anthropometric characteristics were used to determine: body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) that were used to assess nutritional status. First grade girls have an average value of level 1 (27.3cm2) and first grade boys of level 2.5 (31.2cm2).","PeriodicalId":43206,"journal":{"name":"Kinesiologia Slovenica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43025222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-13DOI: 10.52165/kinsi.27.2.52-61
J. Weber
and mental training programmes are applied to athletes in different types of sports. It has to be researched what particular effect mental training can have on running performance during training. To this purpose, 19 students from a German university took part in a controlled study assessing running performance with and without mental training intervention for eight weeks. There was a difference between meters completed per training session in the female intervention and control group (5119.70 ± 272.72 m vs. 4858.80 ± 551.70 m, p ≤ 0.02, η2 = 0.14) and a by trend difference between meters completed per training session in the male intervention and control group (5781.20 ± 437.27 m vs. 5963.40 ± 709.09 m, p ≤ 0.09, η2 = 0.09). Students in the intervention group displayed a higher increase in meters completed per training session (males p ≤ 0.00, r = 0.42 vs. controls p ≤ 0.03, r = 0.40; females p ≤ 0.00, r = 0.52 vs. controls p ≤ 0.03, r = 0.24). Findings suggest that mental training can effectively enhance running performance and that females respond better to the intervention.
{"title":"PSYCHOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE DURING RUNNING EXERCISE: EFFECT OF OLFACTORY IMAGERY ON DISTANCE","authors":"J. Weber","doi":"10.52165/kinsi.27.2.52-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52165/kinsi.27.2.52-61","url":null,"abstract":"and mental training programmes are applied to athletes in different types of sports. It has to be researched what particular effect mental training can have on running performance during training. To this purpose, 19 students from a German university took part in a controlled study assessing running performance with and without mental training intervention for eight weeks. There was a difference between meters completed per training session in the female intervention and control group (5119.70 ± 272.72 m vs. 4858.80 ± 551.70 m, p ≤ 0.02, η2 = 0.14) and a by trend difference between meters completed per training session in the male intervention and control group (5781.20 ± 437.27 m vs. 5963.40 ± 709.09 m, p ≤ 0.09, η2 = 0.09). Students in the intervention group displayed a higher increase in meters completed per training session (males p ≤ 0.00, r = 0.42 vs. controls p ≤ 0.03, r = 0.40; females p ≤ 0.00, r = 0.52 vs. controls p ≤ 0.03, r = 0.24). Findings suggest that mental training can effectively enhance running performance and that females respond better to the intervention.","PeriodicalId":43206,"journal":{"name":"Kinesiologia Slovenica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43003780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-13DOI: 10.52165/kinsi.27.2.99-117
G. Yıldızer, Gonca Eren, Hulya Tasci
The study aims to examine how the gender context is materialized at the national teams and federation level based on the experiences of elite Turkish female rugby players. The ethnographic research method was based on observation diaries and semistructured interviews with 18 elite women rugby players who were invited to the Turkish National Women's 7s Rugby Team. The findings indicated a main theme and two sub-theme as “Conditions that need to be changed” and “Conditions that need to be maintained”. The first sub-theme consisted of obstacles caused by the under-representation and gender issues level, while the second indicates the importance of women staff in women's national teams and respect for private life choices. Playing rugby in Turkey is built on the gender roles determined by the society, reflected in the federations that are the main authority of sports environments. These reflections are reconstructed by the federation and transform into various practices that are reflected again in sports environments.
{"title":"“I DO NOT THINK THE FEDERATION VALUES WOMEN AS MUCH AS MEN\": GENDER CONTEXT OF WOMEN’S RUGBY IN TURKEY","authors":"G. Yıldızer, Gonca Eren, Hulya Tasci","doi":"10.52165/kinsi.27.2.99-117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52165/kinsi.27.2.99-117","url":null,"abstract":"The study aims to examine how the gender context is materialized at the national teams and federation level based on the experiences of elite Turkish female rugby players. The ethnographic research method was based on observation diaries and semistructured interviews with 18 elite women rugby players who were invited to the Turkish National Women's 7s Rugby Team. The findings indicated a main theme and two sub-theme as “Conditions that need to be changed” and “Conditions that need to be maintained”. The first sub-theme consisted of obstacles caused by the under-representation and gender issues level, while the second indicates the importance of women staff in women's national teams and respect for private life choices. Playing rugby in Turkey is built on the gender roles determined by the society, reflected in the federations that are the main authority of sports environments. These reflections are reconstructed by the federation and transform into various practices that are reflected again in sports environments.","PeriodicalId":43206,"journal":{"name":"Kinesiologia Slovenica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43457322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-13DOI: 10.52165/kinsi.27.2.18-30
Žiga Bratuž, Jaroš Štekl, A. Golja, Maja Krpan Božič, Žan +Kavčič, Vinko Zovko
Regular physical activity is an essential factor of a healthy lifestyle. The goal of our study was to assess the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on the regularity of physical activity, weight gain, and psychological wellbeing of students at the University of Ljubljana (n=4911). We used an online Likert type questionnaire to compare groups of more and less frequently active students and observed gender differences in physical activity and psychological wellbeing. We found that, on average, students have been slightly less physically active than before the pandemic, and their psychological wellbeing is moderately worse than before the pandemic. Compared to less active students, students who were more regularly physically active were less likely to describe their psychological wellbeing as worse or much worse than before the pandemic. In addition, the least regularly physically active students were more likely to gain body weight compared to more active students. When comparing gender differences, we found that the drop in physical activity was less pronounced in female students. Male students were physically active more frequently than female students, and female students assessed their psychological well-being lower than that of male students. The pandemic had a predominantly negative effect on the physical activity and psychological wellbeing of the students of University of Ljubljana. However, further research is needed for a more detailed analysis of the impact of the pandemic on the student population.
{"title":"PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WELLBEING OF STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF LJUBLJANA DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC","authors":"Žiga Bratuž, Jaroš Štekl, A. Golja, Maja Krpan Božič, Žan +Kavčič, Vinko Zovko","doi":"10.52165/kinsi.27.2.18-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52165/kinsi.27.2.18-30","url":null,"abstract":"Regular physical activity is an essential factor of a healthy lifestyle. The goal of our study was to assess the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on the regularity of physical activity, weight gain, and psychological wellbeing of students at the University of Ljubljana (n=4911). We used an online Likert type questionnaire to compare groups of more and less frequently active students and observed gender differences in physical activity and psychological wellbeing. We found that, on average, students have been slightly less physically active than before the pandemic, and their psychological wellbeing is moderately worse than before the pandemic. Compared to less active students, students who were more regularly physically active were less likely to describe their psychological wellbeing as worse or much worse than before the pandemic. In addition, the least regularly physically active students were more likely to gain body weight compared to more active students. When comparing gender differences, we found that the drop in physical activity was less pronounced in female students. Male students were physically active more frequently than female students, and female students assessed their psychological well-being lower than that of male students. The pandemic had a predominantly negative effect on the physical activity and psychological wellbeing of the students of University of Ljubljana. However, further research is needed for a more detailed analysis of the impact of the pandemic on the student population.","PeriodicalId":43206,"journal":{"name":"Kinesiologia Slovenica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48487486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-13DOI: 10.52165/kinsi.27.2.72-83
Yasemin Ari, Asım Tunçel
The aim of this study is to examine the aerobic and anaerobic performances of well trained wrestlers according to their weights. 19 young female wrestlers (age: 18.84 ± .83 years; height: 165.84 ± 4.58 cm; weight: 62.78 ± 8.81 kg; body mass index (BMI): 22.80 ± 2.94 kg/m2) voluntarily participated in this study. Body weight, height, BMI, sprint, agility, jump, flexibility and 20 m shuttle run tests of the wrestlers were measured. The data obtained were recorded according to the weights of the athletes. One Factor Analysis of Variance and Kruskal Wallis H test were used to analyze the data. Tukey’s multiple comparison test was conducted to find the difference between the groups. As a result of the study, a statistically significant difference was determined in terms of height, weight and BMI values of the wrestlers according to their weights (p<0.05 ). Significant differences were found between light and heavy weight groups in view of speed, agility, jumping, flexibility and shuttle running test performances (p<0.05 ). A statistically significant difference was found between the middle and heavyweight groups in speed and agility tests (p<0.05). This research shows that, the performance output of the athlete decreases as their weight increases.
{"title":"COMPARISON OF AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC PERFORMANCES OF WELL TRAINED\u0000WRESTLERS ACCORDING TO WEIGHTS","authors":"Yasemin Ari, Asım Tunçel","doi":"10.52165/kinsi.27.2.72-83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52165/kinsi.27.2.72-83","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to examine the aerobic and anaerobic performances of well trained wrestlers according to their weights. 19 young female wrestlers (age: 18.84 ± .83 years; height: 165.84 ± 4.58 cm; weight: 62.78 ± 8.81 kg; body mass index (BMI): 22.80 ± 2.94 kg/m2) voluntarily participated in this study. Body weight, height, BMI, sprint, agility, jump, flexibility and 20 m shuttle run tests of the wrestlers were measured. The data obtained were recorded according to the weights of the athletes. One Factor Analysis of Variance and Kruskal Wallis H test were used to analyze the data. Tukey’s multiple comparison test was conducted to find the difference between the groups. As a result of the study, a statistically significant difference was determined in terms of height, weight and BMI values of the wrestlers according to their weights (p<0.05 ). Significant differences were found between light and heavy weight groups in view of speed, agility, jumping, flexibility and shuttle running test performances (p<0.05 ). A statistically significant difference was found between the middle and heavyweight groups in speed and agility tests (p<0.05). This research shows that, the performance output of the athlete decreases as their weight increases.","PeriodicalId":43206,"journal":{"name":"Kinesiologia Slovenica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43715321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-12DOI: 10.52165/kinsi.27.2.155-167
Sezgin Şahbaz, M. Kabadayı, A. Yılmaz, Özgür Bostancı
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of eight-week core strength training (CST) in addition to specific trainings of football referees on sprint, agility and anaerobic power. Forty nine male football referees participated in the study. The subjects were divided into two groups as experimental group (EG, n = 24) and control group (CG, n = 25). An eightweek CST program was implemented in the EG. The CG subjects participated in their respective sport training routine. 10m., 20m sprint, pro-agility, vertical jump (VJ) and long jump (LJ) were measured both before (pre-test) and after (post-test) the eight weeks. Anaerobic power (AP) was calculated using Lewis formula. Paired samples ttest was used for statistical analyses. There were significant improvements in 10m, 20m, VJ and AP between pre-test and post-test of EG (p>0.05). There were significant improvements only in 20m. sprint for CG between pre-test and post-test (p<0.05 ). It was found that the eight-week CST in addition to specific trainings of football referees had positive effects on their 10m., 20m. sprint and VJ jump. However, it was thought that this effect was not directly associated with CST and that this development occurred since referees already had an intense training program based on speed and anaerobic power. This thought was supported with literature. Core stabilization tests performed before and after CST to football referees in future studies will give positive results in terms of increasing the reliability of results.
{"title":"EFFECT OF AN EIGHT-WEEK CORE STRENGTH TRAINING ON SOME PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS IN FOOTBALL REFEREES","authors":"Sezgin Şahbaz, M. Kabadayı, A. Yılmaz, Özgür Bostancı","doi":"10.52165/kinsi.27.2.155-167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52165/kinsi.27.2.155-167","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to examine the effects of eight-week core strength training (CST) in addition to specific trainings of football referees on sprint, agility and anaerobic power. Forty nine male football referees participated in the study. The subjects were divided into two groups as experimental group (EG, n = 24) and control group (CG, n = 25). An eightweek CST program was implemented in the EG. The CG subjects participated in their respective sport training routine. 10m., 20m sprint, pro-agility, vertical jump (VJ) and long jump (LJ) were measured both before (pre-test) and after (post-test) the eight weeks. Anaerobic power (AP) was calculated using Lewis formula. Paired samples ttest was used for statistical analyses. There were significant improvements in 10m, 20m, VJ and AP between pre-test and post-test of EG (p>0.05). There were significant improvements only in 20m. sprint for CG between pre-test and post-test (p<0.05 ). It was found that the eight-week CST in addition to specific trainings of football referees had positive effects on their 10m., 20m. sprint and VJ jump. However, it was thought that this effect was not directly associated with CST and that this development occurred since referees already had an intense training program based on speed and anaerobic power. This thought was supported with literature. Core stabilization tests performed before and after CST to football referees in future studies will give positive results in terms of increasing the reliability of results.","PeriodicalId":43206,"journal":{"name":"Kinesiologia Slovenica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47628375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-12DOI: 10.52165/kinsi.27.1.108-120
Erdal Arı, H. Sözen
The anaerobic activities is frequently used in soccer including high intensity actions. The aim of this study was to examine relationships between anaerobic power, reaction times and body composition parameters of young soccer players. The twenty-seven amateur young soccer players (Age: 13.81±0.48 years, height: 166.74±6.16 cm, weight: 55.17±5.40 kg) were involved in study voluntarily. The Wingate anaerobic power test parameters (minimum power, mean power, peak power, fatigue index), dominant and non-dominant hand visual and auditory reaction times and body composition parameters (lean body mass, body fat mass and body fat percent) were examined. The statistical relationships among explored variables were determined by correlation analyze technique. The relationship between parameters was examined by Pearson’s correlation coefficient. According to the results, it was found that lean body mass, anaerobic capacity and mean power parameters had a statistical positive correlations (p<0.05). Also, it was found that body fat percent and body fat mass values had a negative correlation with minimum power values (p<0.05). There was no significant correlation between visual and auditory reaction time values with body composition and anaerobic power parameters. Consequently, it could be said that the relationship between lean body mass and body fat percent with some anaerobic power parameters could be arisen from similar mechanisms affecting related parameters. Also, it can be concluded that the reaction time parameter is not closely related to the body composition and anaerobic power parameters, as it is closer related to neural mechanisms than physical mechanisms.
{"title":"THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANAEROBIC POWER, REACTION TIME AND BODY\u0000COMPOSITION PARAMETERS OF YOUNG SOCCER PLAYERS","authors":"Erdal Arı, H. Sözen","doi":"10.52165/kinsi.27.1.108-120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52165/kinsi.27.1.108-120","url":null,"abstract":"The anaerobic activities is frequently used in soccer including high intensity actions. The aim of this study was to examine relationships between anaerobic power, reaction times and body composition parameters of young soccer players. The twenty-seven amateur young soccer players (Age: 13.81±0.48 years, height: 166.74±6.16 cm, weight: 55.17±5.40 kg) were involved in study voluntarily. The Wingate anaerobic power test parameters (minimum power, mean power, peak power, fatigue index), dominant and non-dominant hand visual and auditory reaction times and body composition parameters (lean body mass, body fat mass and body fat percent) were examined. The statistical relationships among explored variables were determined by correlation analyze technique. The relationship between parameters was examined by Pearson’s correlation coefficient. According to the results, it was found that lean body mass, anaerobic capacity and mean power parameters had a statistical positive correlations (p<0.05). Also, it was found that body fat percent and body fat mass values had a negative correlation with minimum power values (p<0.05). There was no significant correlation between visual and auditory reaction time values with body composition and anaerobic power parameters. Consequently, it could be said that the relationship between lean body mass and body fat percent with some anaerobic power parameters could be arisen from similar mechanisms affecting related parameters. Also, it can be concluded that the reaction time parameter is not closely related to the body composition and anaerobic power parameters, as it is closer related to neural mechanisms than physical mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":43206,"journal":{"name":"Kinesiologia Slovenica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45097596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-12DOI: 10.52165/kinsi.27.1.153-161
Andrea Vrbnik, Ivan Vrbnik, Srna Jenko Miholić
The studies confirm that instructions and feedback that induce external focus of attention (oriented on movement outcome) result with greater efficiency in motor performance and learning regarding internal focus of attention (oriented on bodily dimensions). Advantages and differences between external and internal focus of attention have been proved also in different levels of sport and recreational expertise. In this study, 10 recreational archers were tested in three different conditions: C1 - freely oriented focus of attention, C2 – internally oriented focus of attention, and C3 – externally oriented focus of attention. The subjects first undertook the C1 condition, and afterwards the next two conditions were randomly decided. According to the hypothesis, the main goal was to investigate the effect of external and internal focus of attention on precision of the shots. According to the results, in externally focused condition, recreational archers had better results than in other conditions with higher number of 9 points and lesser number of misses. Based on findings from this paper, adopting an external focus of attention should be beneficial for the shot precision, self-fulfillment and feelings of accomplishment in recreational archers.
{"title":"EXTERNAL FOCUS OF ATTENTION ENHANCES PRECISION IN RECREATIONAL\u0000ARCHERS","authors":"Andrea Vrbnik, Ivan Vrbnik, Srna Jenko Miholić","doi":"10.52165/kinsi.27.1.153-161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52165/kinsi.27.1.153-161","url":null,"abstract":"The studies confirm that instructions and feedback that induce external focus of attention (oriented on movement outcome) result with greater efficiency in motor performance and learning regarding internal focus of attention (oriented on bodily dimensions). Advantages and differences between external and internal focus of attention have been proved also in different levels of sport and recreational expertise. In this study, 10 recreational archers were tested in three different conditions: C1 - freely oriented focus of attention, C2 – internally oriented focus of attention, and C3 – externally oriented focus of attention. The subjects first undertook the C1 condition, and afterwards the next two conditions were randomly decided. According to the hypothesis, the main goal was to investigate the effect of external and internal focus of attention on precision of the shots. According to the results, in externally focused condition, recreational archers had better results than in other conditions with higher number of 9 points and lesser number of misses. Based on findings from this paper, adopting an external focus of attention should be beneficial for the shot precision, self-fulfillment and feelings of accomplishment in recreational archers.","PeriodicalId":43206,"journal":{"name":"Kinesiologia Slovenica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44697678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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