Pub Date : 2023-12-29DOI: 10.52165/kinsi.29.3.5-25
Darjan Spudić, Benjamin J. Narang, P. Pori, V. Strojnik, N. Šarabon, Igor Štirn
The aim of our study was to evaluate differences in explosive isometric knee extension strength adaptations after a flywheel squat resistance training programs performed under low- and high-load conditions. Twenty physically active adults were randomly assigned to an individually allocated high- or low-load eight-week training intervention. Isometric knee extension rate of torque development (RTD) and rate of electromyography signal rise (RER) variables were assessed pre and post eight-week intervention. Statistically significant improvements in the RTD slope variables (100 and 200 ms time intervals after the onset of torque rise; p < 0,05) were observed, regardless of the training load used. Normalized averaged vastus lateralis and rectus femoris electromyography (EMG) amplitude decreased in the intervals 80 ms before, and 75, 100 and 200 ms after the onset of activation (all p < 0,05), regardless of the training group. Our results suggest that high- and low-load resistance flywheel training interventions induce similar increases in explosive knee extension strength, accompanied with a decrease in time-analog normalized EMG signal amplitude.
{"title":"EFFECTS OF TWO DIFFERENT FLYWHEEL RESISTANCE TRAINING PROTOCOLS ON EXPLOSIVE KNEE EXTENSION STRENGTH: A PILOT RANDOMIZED STUDY","authors":"Darjan Spudić, Benjamin J. Narang, P. Pori, V. Strojnik, N. Šarabon, Igor Štirn","doi":"10.52165/kinsi.29.3.5-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52165/kinsi.29.3.5-25","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of our study was to evaluate differences in explosive isometric knee extension strength adaptations after a flywheel squat resistance training programs performed under low- and high-load conditions. Twenty physically active adults were randomly assigned to an individually allocated high- or low-load eight-week training intervention. Isometric knee extension rate of torque development (RTD) and rate of electromyography signal rise (RER) variables were assessed pre and post eight-week intervention. Statistically significant improvements in the RTD slope variables (100 and 200 ms time intervals after the onset of torque rise; p < 0,05) were observed, regardless of the training load used. Normalized averaged vastus lateralis and rectus femoris electromyography (EMG) amplitude decreased in the intervals 80 ms before, and 75, 100 and 200 ms after the onset of activation (all p < 0,05), regardless of the training group. Our results suggest that high- and low-load resistance flywheel training interventions induce similar increases in explosive knee extension strength, accompanied with a decrease in time-analog normalized EMG signal amplitude.","PeriodicalId":43206,"journal":{"name":"Kinesiologia Slovenica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139146357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-29DOI: 10.52165/kinsi.29.3.119-134
T. Petrušič, Bartol Vukelić, Dario Novak
In the early childhood stages of development, ball games prove to be a crucial catalyst for improving motor abilities by actively engaging children in various physical movements that promote improved coordination, balance, and spatial awareness, while supporting important social interactions and cognitive skills essential for comprehensive growth. This study examines the effects of an 8-week ball game intervention program (tennis, football, basketball etc.) on the motor abilities of 6- to 7-year-old children (n = 47) in their regular physical education classes. The experimental group (n = 24) participated in 45-minute sessions twice weekly, while the control group (n = 23) received no additional organized physical activities. The hypotheses underlying the study suggest that the experimental group participating in the 45-minute sessions of the structured ball game program twice a week will show statistically significant improvements in these motor abilities compared to the control group.Motor abilities were assessed using the BOT-2 subtests for fine motor integration, manual dexterity, balance, and bilateral coordination and were assessed both before and after the intervention period in both groups. The BOT-2 subtests are standardized measures developed to comprehensively assess specific motor abilities. They were selected for their proven reliability and validity in assessing the motor abilities affected by the intervention and provide a solid basis for the outcome analysis of the study. Data was subjected to repeated-measures ANOVA analysis using a 2×2 design, with partial eta squared (η) used to assess the difference between the EXP and CON groups. Results showed remarkable improvements in fine motor integration (p = 0.016), general fine motor skills (0.021), bilateral coordination (0.004), balance (0.000), and body coordination (0.000) among participants in the intervention group. This study highlights the transformative potential of just two additional weekly sessions of various ball games to improve motor abilities in 6- to 7-year-olds.
{"title":"THE EFFECTS OF AN 8-WEEK BALL GAME INTERVENTION ON THE MOTOR ABILITIES OF 6-7-YEAR-OLDS","authors":"T. Petrušič, Bartol Vukelić, Dario Novak","doi":"10.52165/kinsi.29.3.119-134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52165/kinsi.29.3.119-134","url":null,"abstract":"In the early childhood stages of development, ball games prove to be a crucial catalyst for improving motor abilities by actively engaging children in various physical movements that promote improved coordination, balance, and spatial awareness, while supporting important social interactions and cognitive skills essential for comprehensive growth. This study examines the effects of an 8-week ball game intervention program (tennis, football, basketball etc.) on the motor abilities of 6- to 7-year-old children (n = 47) in their regular physical education classes. The experimental group (n = 24) participated in 45-minute sessions twice weekly, while the control group (n = 23) received no additional organized physical activities. The hypotheses underlying the study suggest that the experimental group participating in the 45-minute sessions of the structured ball game program twice a week will show statistically significant improvements in these motor abilities compared to the control group.Motor abilities were assessed using the BOT-2 subtests for fine motor integration, manual dexterity, balance, and bilateral coordination and were assessed both before and after the intervention period in both groups. The BOT-2 subtests are standardized measures developed to comprehensively assess specific motor abilities. They were selected for their proven reliability and validity in assessing the motor abilities affected by the intervention and provide a solid basis for the outcome analysis of the study. Data was subjected to repeated-measures ANOVA analysis using a 2×2 design, with partial eta squared (η) used to assess the difference between the EXP and CON groups. Results showed remarkable improvements in fine motor integration (p = 0.016), general fine motor skills (0.021), bilateral coordination (0.004), balance (0.000), and body coordination (0.000) among participants in the intervention group. This study highlights the transformative potential of just two additional weekly sessions of various ball games to improve motor abilities in 6- to 7-year-olds.","PeriodicalId":43206,"journal":{"name":"Kinesiologia Slovenica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139145925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-29DOI: 10.52165/kinsi.29.3.62-74
Ivana Radin, Radenko Arsenijević, Živorad Marković, Filip Kojić
The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between motor fitness and morphological factors, including anthropometric measurements and body composition, in a cohort of 10-year-old children. The sample consisted of 32 boys (mean age 10.24 ± 0.22 years, body height: 147.12 ± 6.11 cm, body mass: 42.14 ± 11.02 kg, body mass index: 19.41 ± 4.16 kg/m2) and 29 girls (mean age 10.12 ± 0.20 years, body height: 145.31 ± 7.68 cm, body mass: 40.10 ± 8.76 kg, body mass index: 18.91 ± 3.58 kg/m2). Anthropometric and body composition variables encompassed body height (BH), body mass (BM), body mass index (BMI), body fat mass (BFM), and free-fat mass (FFM). The motor fitness tests, designed to evaluate strength, coordination, speed and aerobic fitness, included standing long jump (SLJ), medicine ball throw (MBT), sit-ups in 30 seconds test (SUT), hand tapping test (HTT), obstacle course backwards test (OCB), and shuttle run test (SRT). While there were no notable differences between boys and girls in terms of morphology, for MBT (p = 0.011) and HTT (p = 0.016) fitness tests significant sex-differences were observed. Except HTT, all motor variables showed small to moderate correlations with morphological variables. Through the utilization of regression analysis, it was determined that BMI (r = 0.201 - 0.389) and BFM (r = 0.166 - 0.418) were the most influential predictor variables for the majority of motor variables. These findings suggest that anthropometry and body composition have a moderate impact on performance in motor tests that assess strength, body coordination, and aerobic fitness.
{"title":"EXAMINING THE LINK BETWEEN MOTOR FITNESS AND MORPHOLOGY IN 10-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN","authors":"Ivana Radin, Radenko Arsenijević, Živorad Marković, Filip Kojić","doi":"10.52165/kinsi.29.3.62-74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52165/kinsi.29.3.62-74","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between motor fitness and morphological factors, including anthropometric measurements and body composition, in a cohort of 10-year-old children. The sample consisted of 32 boys (mean age 10.24 ± 0.22 years, body height: 147.12 ± 6.11 cm, body mass: 42.14 ± 11.02 kg, body mass index: 19.41 ± 4.16 kg/m2) and 29 girls (mean age 10.12 ± 0.20 years, body height: 145.31 ± 7.68 cm, body mass: 40.10 ± 8.76 kg, body mass index: 18.91 ± 3.58 kg/m2). Anthropometric and body composition variables encompassed body height (BH), body mass (BM), body mass index (BMI), body fat mass (BFM), and free-fat mass (FFM). The motor fitness tests, designed to evaluate strength, coordination, speed and aerobic fitness, included standing long jump (SLJ), medicine ball throw (MBT), sit-ups in 30 seconds test (SUT), hand tapping test (HTT), obstacle course backwards test (OCB), and shuttle run test (SRT). While there were no notable differences between boys and girls in terms of morphology, for MBT (p = 0.011) and HTT (p = 0.016) fitness tests significant sex-differences were observed. Except HTT, all motor variables showed small to moderate correlations with morphological variables. Through the utilization of regression analysis, it was determined that BMI (r = 0.201 - 0.389) and BFM (r = 0.166 - 0.418) were the most influential predictor variables for the majority of motor variables. These findings suggest that anthropometry and body composition have a moderate impact on performance in motor tests that assess strength, body coordination, and aerobic fitness.","PeriodicalId":43206,"journal":{"name":"Kinesiologia Slovenica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139143270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-29DOI: 10.52165/kinsi.29.3.101-118
Sanja Ferjančič, Ž. Kozinc
Chronic ankle instability is a condition that often occurs after a lateral ankle sprain. It affects daily activities, quality of life and can cause further ankle injuries. The purpose of this article is to systematically review and compare the effectiveness of physiotherapy methods and techniques, epidemiology, and risk factors of chronic ankle instability. A literature search was performed using the PubMed database for existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The results show that the prevalence of chronic ankle instability is 46% in people with a history of ankle sprains and is highest in adolescents. In addition, risk factors are poorly understood. Balance training has been shown to be the most effective among standalone treatments. It improves functionality, instability, dynamic balance, and health-related quality of life. Furthermore, a multimodal program is effective in improving self-reported ankle function. Vibration is a useful adjunct to exercise because it improves sensorimotor deficits. Joint mobilization is effective in increasing ankle dorsiflexion and improving balance. Despite the frequent use of external support, it has not been supported as a sole intervention.
{"title":"EPIDEMIOLOGY, RISK FACTORS AND CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC ANKLE INSTABILITY: A REVIEW OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS","authors":"Sanja Ferjančič, Ž. Kozinc","doi":"10.52165/kinsi.29.3.101-118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52165/kinsi.29.3.101-118","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic ankle instability is a condition that often occurs after a lateral ankle sprain. It affects daily activities, quality of life and can cause further ankle injuries. The purpose of this article is to systematically review and compare the effectiveness of physiotherapy methods and techniques, epidemiology, and risk factors of chronic ankle instability. A literature search was performed using the PubMed database for existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The results show that the prevalence of chronic ankle instability is 46% in people with a history of ankle sprains and is highest in adolescents. In addition, risk factors are poorly understood. Balance training has been shown to be the most effective among standalone treatments. It improves functionality, instability, dynamic balance, and health-related quality of life. Furthermore, a multimodal program is effective in improving self-reported ankle function. Vibration is a useful adjunct to exercise because it improves sensorimotor deficits. Joint mobilization is effective in increasing ankle dorsiflexion and improving balance. Despite the frequent use of external support, it has not been supported as a sole intervention.","PeriodicalId":43206,"journal":{"name":"Kinesiologia Slovenica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139146411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-29DOI: 10.52165/kinsi.29.3.26-48
Ole André Nordahl, Jongwon Kim, Nic James, Ungho Gwon, Nimai Parmar, Scott Nicholls, G. Vuckovic
Goal scoring in football is relatively low but vitally important, hence research has considered how goals are created and scored with measures such as expected goals prevalent. The dynamical systems theoretical perspective, considers a collective system, such as football, as existing in two states, stable (no substantive advantage for either team) or unstable (advantage present). Hence, goal scoring events occur when the system has become unstable, with a “perturbation” the event causing the system state change. Here, a “goal threat” value was calculated every second (scaled from 0 to 100) using the XY coordinates of players and the ball, weighted in relation to proximity to the goal (a potential proxy for the degree of system instability). Video recordings and synchronised Amisco 2D representations of goals (n=64) scored in Swansea City AFC English Premier League 2012/2013 matches (n=20) were analysed using Dartfish v10 Pro software. Each goal was analysed from when the play was judged to be stable (no obvious goal scoring opportunity), or the start of possession, until the goal had been scored. Goals were not always preceded by high goal threat values (maximum goal threat values ranged from 13.4 to 99.0). The authors independently subjectively determined that perturbations occurred up to 7 seconds from when the goal threat value increased by at least 40%. Thus, perturbations were not directly related to goal scoring opportunities. This novel method provides a useful, quantifiable, and simple measure of goal threat that may also aid audience engagement and measure defensive effectiveness.
足球比赛中的进球数相对较少，但却非常重要，因此研究人员通过预期进球数等指标来考虑进球是如何产生和取得的。动力系统理论认为，足球等集体系统存在两种状态：稳定（两队均无实质性优势）或不稳定（存在优势）。因此，当系统变得不稳定时，就会发生进球事件，而 "扰动 "就是导致系统状态改变的事件。在这里，利用球员和球的 XY 坐标计算出每秒的 "进球威胁 "值（从 0 到 100），并根据与球门的距离（系统不稳定程度的潜在代表）进行加权。使用 Dartfish v10 Pro 软件分析了斯旺西城足球俱乐部 2012/2013 年英格兰足球超级联赛（Swansea City AFC English Premier League 2012/2013）比赛中进球（64 个）的视频记录和同步 Amisco 2D 表示（20 个）。对每个进球的分析都是从比赛被判定为稳定（没有明显的进球机会）或开始控球开始，直到进球为止。进球前的威胁值并不总是很高（最大威胁值从 13.4 到 99.0 不等）。作者独立地主观判定，从进球威胁值增加至少 40% 起的 7 秒内发生扰动。因此，扰动与进球机会没有直接关系。这种新方法提供了一种有用的、可量化的、简单的球门威胁测量方法，也有助于观众参与和测量防守效果。
{"title":"EVALUATING GOAL THREAT IN FOOTBALL USING PLAYER AND BALL LOCATIONS","authors":"Ole André Nordahl, Jongwon Kim, Nic James, Ungho Gwon, Nimai Parmar, Scott Nicholls, G. Vuckovic","doi":"10.52165/kinsi.29.3.26-48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52165/kinsi.29.3.26-48","url":null,"abstract":"Goal scoring in football is relatively low but vitally important, hence research has considered how goals are created and scored with measures such as expected goals prevalent. The dynamical systems theoretical perspective, considers a collective system, such as football, as existing in two states, stable (no substantive advantage for either team) or unstable (advantage present). Hence, goal scoring events occur when the system has become unstable, with a “perturbation” the event causing the system state change. Here, a “goal threat” value was calculated every second (scaled from 0 to 100) using the XY coordinates of players and the ball, weighted in relation to proximity to the goal (a potential proxy for the degree of system instability). Video recordings and synchronised Amisco 2D representations of goals (n=64) scored in Swansea City AFC English Premier League 2012/2013 matches (n=20) were analysed using Dartfish v10 Pro software. Each goal was analysed from when the play was judged to be stable (no obvious goal scoring opportunity), or the start of possession, until the goal had been scored. Goals were not always preceded by high goal threat values (maximum goal threat values ranged from 13.4 to 99.0). The authors independently subjectively determined that perturbations occurred up to 7 seconds from when the goal threat value increased by at least 40%. Thus, perturbations were not directly related to goal scoring opportunities. This novel method provides a useful, quantifiable, and simple measure of goal threat that may also aid audience engagement and measure defensive effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":43206,"journal":{"name":"Kinesiologia Slovenica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139147205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-29DOI: 10.52165/kinsi.29.3.153-169
Albina Alikaj, Ahsen Büyükaslan
V kontekstu motoričnih funkcij je reakcijski čas opredeljen kot čas med določenim dražljajem in prvim mišičnim odzivom nanj. Dejavniki, ki vplivajo na reakcijski čas so: primeren odziv, število ponovitev, resnost dražljaja, spol, dominantna stran, starost, kajenje, uživanje alkohola ter debelost. Propriocepcija je lahko še en odločilen dejavnik za reakcijski čas, saj zagotavlja in ohranja določen gib ali položaj ustreznega dela telesa v času, ki je primeren dražljaju. Namen te študije je bil raziskati povezavo med reakcijskim časom roke in zaznavanjem položaja sklepa ter dejavniki, ki vplivajo na reakcijski čas pri zdravih mladih odraslih. V študijo je bilo vključenih 25 zdravih posameznikov s povprečno starostjo 26.7 ± 4.9 leta. Med udeleženci je bilo 16 moških in 9 žensk, njihov indeks telesne mase (ITM) je bil povprečno 23.8±4.2 kg/m2. Reakcijski čas je bil ocenjen z Nelsonovim testom reakcije rok, občutek za položaj sklepov pa je bil izmerjen z goniometrom. Zaznavanje položaja sklepa za zapestje je bilo opravljeno s ponavljanjem ciljnega kota z aktivnim gibanjem. Spol in dominantna stran nista vplivala na reakcijski čas (p ≥ 0.05). Reakcijski čas se je z naraščajočo starostjo povečeval (p≤0.05). Zaznavanje položaja sklepa za levo zapestje je bilo statistično pomembno pri ženskah in moških (p≤0.05). Pri zaznavanju položaja zapestnega sklepa je bilo manjše odstopanje le pri upogibu zapestja v korist nedominantne strani (p≤0.05). Med občutkom za položaj zapestnega sklepa in reakcijskim časom roke ni bilo povezave (p≥ 0.05).
{"title":"THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HAND REACTION TIME AND JOINT POSITION SENSE IN HEALTHY YOUNG ADULTS","authors":"Albina Alikaj, Ahsen Büyükaslan","doi":"10.52165/kinsi.29.3.153-169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52165/kinsi.29.3.153-169","url":null,"abstract":"V kontekstu motoričnih funkcij je reakcijski čas opredeljen kot čas med določenim dražljajem in prvim mišičnim odzivom nanj. Dejavniki, ki vplivajo na reakcijski čas so: primeren odziv, število ponovitev, resnost dražljaja, spol, dominantna stran, starost, kajenje, uživanje alkohola ter debelost. Propriocepcija je lahko še en odločilen dejavnik za reakcijski čas, saj zagotavlja in ohranja določen gib ali položaj ustreznega dela telesa v času, ki je primeren dražljaju. Namen te študije je bil raziskati povezavo med reakcijskim časom roke in zaznavanjem položaja sklepa ter dejavniki, ki vplivajo na reakcijski čas pri zdravih mladih odraslih. V študijo je bilo vključenih 25 zdravih posameznikov s povprečno starostjo 26.7 ± 4.9 leta. Med udeleženci je bilo 16 moških in 9 žensk, njihov indeks telesne mase (ITM) je bil povprečno 23.8±4.2 kg/m2. Reakcijski čas je bil ocenjen z Nelsonovim testom reakcije rok, občutek za položaj sklepov pa je bil izmerjen z goniometrom. Zaznavanje položaja sklepa za zapestje je bilo opravljeno s ponavljanjem ciljnega kota z aktivnim gibanjem. Spol in dominantna stran nista vplivala na reakcijski čas (p ≥ 0.05). Reakcijski čas se je z naraščajočo starostjo povečeval (p≤0.05). Zaznavanje položaja sklepa za levo zapestje je bilo statistično pomembno pri ženskah in moških (p≤0.05). Pri zaznavanju položaja zapestnega sklepa je bilo manjše odstopanje le pri upogibu zapestja v korist nedominantne strani (p≤0.05). Med občutkom za položaj zapestnega sklepa in reakcijskim časom roke ni bilo povezave (p≥ 0.05).","PeriodicalId":43206,"journal":{"name":"Kinesiologia Slovenica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139147817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-29DOI: 10.52165/kinsi.29.3.87-100
Baytaş Eda, Şahan Asuman, E. K. Alparslan, Toktaş Neşe
It is known that physical, psychological, and cognitive characteristics are important in orienteering. However, no studies have investigated the effects of cognitive characteristics on performance in practice. This study aimed to determine the effect levels of the different variables of elite male orienteers (i.e., success rate, year of sports experience, short-term memory, visual memory, attention, and concentration) on their performance in two orienteering courses (sprint and memory courses). A total of 36 voluntary elite male athletes who had been orienteering for at least two years, over 18, with a mean age of 24.58±4.85 years and sports experience of 7.83±3.56 years participated in the study. The Cognitrone, VISGED visual memory, d2 attention, and serial digit learning tests were applied to all participants, respectively. All participants ran the memory and sprint orienteering courses at 72-hour intervals in a randomized manner. Afterward, the effects of the athletes’ cognitive performance and some characteristics on the course completion time were examined. According to the results of the linear regression analysis, the model’s independent variables that affected the winning time of the sprint course were the success rate, short-term memory score, and concentration (R= .505, R2= .255, F=3.193, p=.003, p<.01). Among these variables, the variable that predicted the winning time of the sprint course the most was the success rate (B=-244.25, Beta=-0.473, P=.015, p<.05). Year of sports experience, success rate, short-term memory score, concentration, and cog-correct response time were the independent variables affecting the winning time of the memory course (R=.620, R2=.385, F= 3.374, p=.000, p<.001). Year of sports experience was the independent variable with the highest effect on the winning time of the memory course (B=-6.718, Beta=-0.369, p=.029, p<.05). The factors affecting the sprint and memory courses' winning time were examined, and it was concluded that the orienteers' years of sports experience and successes affected the course winning time. These findings suggest that orienteering race performance is more related to the experience of transferring them to orienteering and creating tactical processes rather than the cognitive characteristics of orienteers.
{"title":"COGNITIVE CHARACTERISTICS AND SOME FACTORS AFFECTING THE SPRINT AND MEMORY COURSE PERFORMANCE OF ORIENTEERS","authors":"Baytaş Eda, Şahan Asuman, E. K. Alparslan, Toktaş Neşe","doi":"10.52165/kinsi.29.3.87-100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52165/kinsi.29.3.87-100","url":null,"abstract":"It is known that physical, psychological, and cognitive characteristics are important in orienteering. However, no studies have investigated the effects of cognitive characteristics on performance in practice. This study aimed to determine the effect levels of the different variables of elite male orienteers (i.e., success rate, year of sports experience, short-term memory, visual memory, attention, and concentration) on their performance in two orienteering courses (sprint and memory courses). A total of 36 voluntary elite male athletes who had been orienteering for at least two years, over 18, with a mean age of 24.58±4.85 years and sports experience of 7.83±3.56 years participated in the study. The Cognitrone, VISGED visual memory, d2 attention, and serial digit learning tests were applied to all participants, respectively. All participants ran the memory and sprint orienteering courses at 72-hour intervals in a randomized manner. Afterward, the effects of the athletes’ cognitive performance and some characteristics on the course completion time were examined. According to the results of the linear regression analysis, the model’s independent variables that affected the winning time of the sprint course were the success rate, short-term memory score, and concentration (R= .505, R2= .255, F=3.193, p=.003, p<.01). Among these variables, the variable that predicted the winning time of the sprint course the most was the success rate (B=-244.25, Beta=-0.473, P=.015, p<.05). Year of sports experience, success rate, short-term memory score, concentration, and cog-correct response time were the independent variables affecting the winning time of the memory course (R=.620, R2=.385, F= 3.374, p=.000, p<.001). Year of sports experience was the independent variable with the highest effect on the winning time of the memory course (B=-6.718, Beta=-0.369, p=.029, p<.05). The factors affecting the sprint and memory courses' winning time were examined, and it was concluded that the orienteers' years of sports experience and successes affected the course winning time. These findings suggest that orienteering race performance is more related to the experience of transferring them to orienteering and creating tactical processes rather than the cognitive characteristics of orienteers.","PeriodicalId":43206,"journal":{"name":"Kinesiologia Slovenica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139144616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-29DOI: 10.52165/kinsi.29.3.135-152
Ahac Istenič, Darjan Smajla, Tim Podlogar
Post-exercise recovery interventions enable athletes to overcome greater training loads and thereby enhancing their performance. Post-exercise recovery strategies serve to optimize recovery, help lower performance decline and prevent overtraining. The purpose of this study was to examine the current practices and attitudes towards post-exercise recovery among Slovenian sport climbers. 339 sports climbers from Slovenia (186 males, 153 females), consisting of 330 recreational sport climbers and 9 competitive sport climbers completed an online survey which was active from February to May 2022. The most common recovery strategies among sport climbers are sleep/rest (84%) and stretching (77%). A significant proportion of sport climbers (87%) reported sleeping duration below the recommended amount of sleep. Personal opinions notably influence the choice of recovery strategies (6 out of 9 competitive sport climbers and 71% of recreational sport climbers). Our findings reveal discrepancies between individual beliefs regarding the effectiveness of specific strategies and their practical implementation. Competitive sport climbers have more individualized recovery strategies (p = 0.012) and use a greater number of recovery strategies (p = 0. 005). Even though that such recovery practices of sport climbers are often in conflict with the literature, we can conclude that sport climbers recover solidly. This data may suggest that recovery does not play a major role in sport climbing performance.
{"title":"RECOVERY PRACTICES OF SLOVENIAN SPORT CLIMBERS","authors":"Ahac Istenič, Darjan Smajla, Tim Podlogar","doi":"10.52165/kinsi.29.3.135-152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52165/kinsi.29.3.135-152","url":null,"abstract":"Post-exercise recovery interventions enable athletes to overcome greater training loads and thereby enhancing their performance. Post-exercise recovery strategies serve to optimize recovery, help lower performance decline and prevent overtraining. The purpose of this study was to examine the current practices and attitudes towards post-exercise recovery among Slovenian sport climbers. 339 sports climbers from Slovenia (186 males, 153 females), consisting of 330 recreational sport climbers and 9 competitive sport climbers completed an online survey which was active from February to May 2022. The most common recovery strategies among sport climbers are sleep/rest (84%) and stretching (77%). A significant proportion of sport climbers (87%) reported sleeping duration below the recommended amount of sleep. Personal opinions notably influence the choice of recovery strategies (6 out of 9 competitive sport climbers and 71% of recreational sport climbers). Our findings reveal discrepancies between individual beliefs regarding the effectiveness of specific strategies and their practical implementation. Competitive sport climbers have more individualized recovery strategies (p = 0.012) and use a greater number of recovery strategies (p = 0. 005). Even though that such recovery practices of sport climbers are often in conflict with the literature, we can conclude that sport climbers recover solidly. This data may suggest that recovery does not play a major role in sport climbing performance.","PeriodicalId":43206,"journal":{"name":"Kinesiologia Slovenica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139142432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-29DOI: 10.52165/kinsi.29.3.75-86
Azadeh Dehghan Nasab, Elaheh Azadian, M. Majlesi, Mohammadreza Rezaie
The postural control (PC) of children with intellectual disabilities (ID) have been extensively studied; however, there is limited information available on the role of PC strategies during manipulated balance conditions. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of manipulation of the base of support on the center of pressure in the children with and without intellectual disabilities. This study included 34 girls with mild intellectual disabilities and 30 typically developing children of the same sex and age (7-13 years old). The participants as stood as still on a platform and completed four tasks: feet-together on a firm surface, feet-together on a foam surface, tandem stance on a firm surface, and tandem stance on a foam surface. The displacement, sway, amplitude, root mean square (RMS), velocity, and acceleration of the center of pressure (CoP) were calculated. The results indicate significant differences between the two groups in spatial variables of CoP movement (p < 0.05). Moreover, sway and amplitude were found to be sensitive to changes in surface factors (p < 0.05) and all variables to be sensitive to changes in stance position. There was significant interaction of stance*group in CoP velocity (p < 0.05). Based on the results, children with intellectual disabilities demonstrated poorer postural control than the control group, particularly in more demanding PC tasks. However, the quantitative variables of CoP were less impacted by ID characteristics compared to spatial variables. Accordingly, it is suggested that the role of effective balance training on improving postural control strategies in ID children be investigated in future studies.
{"title":"EFFECT OF MANIPULATION OF BASE OF SUPPORT ON CENTER OF PRESSURE: COMPARISON OF CHILDREN WITH AND WITHOUT INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY","authors":"Azadeh Dehghan Nasab, Elaheh Azadian, M. Majlesi, Mohammadreza Rezaie","doi":"10.52165/kinsi.29.3.75-86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52165/kinsi.29.3.75-86","url":null,"abstract":"The postural control (PC) of children with intellectual disabilities (ID) have been extensively studied; however, there is limited information available on the role of PC strategies during manipulated balance conditions. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of manipulation of the base of support on the center of pressure in the children with and without intellectual disabilities. This study included 34 girls with mild intellectual disabilities and 30 typically developing children of the same sex and age (7-13 years old). The participants as stood as still on a platform and completed four tasks: feet-together on a firm surface, feet-together on a foam surface, tandem stance on a firm surface, and tandem stance on a foam surface. The displacement, sway, amplitude, root mean square (RMS), velocity, and acceleration of the center of pressure (CoP) were calculated. The results indicate significant differences between the two groups in spatial variables of CoP movement (p < 0.05). Moreover, sway and amplitude were found to be sensitive to changes in surface factors (p < 0.05) and all variables to be sensitive to changes in stance position. There was significant interaction of stance*group in CoP velocity (p < 0.05). Based on the results, children with intellectual disabilities demonstrated poorer postural control than the control group, particularly in more demanding PC tasks. However, the quantitative variables of CoP were less impacted by ID characteristics compared to spatial variables. Accordingly, it is suggested that the role of effective balance training on improving postural control strategies in ID children be investigated in future studies.","PeriodicalId":43206,"journal":{"name":"Kinesiologia Slovenica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139143141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-29DOI: 10.52165/kinsi.29.3.49-61
Mustafa Şaki Akgül, Hakan Karabıyık, Melike Nur Akgül
Aerobic capacity is very important for all people in terms of health and performance. Therefore, important organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) generally recommend that adults should perform physical activity maintain and improve their aerobic capacity. This study aimed to compare the effects of 8-week Repeated Wingate (RW) based of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) vs. moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on the aerobic fitness in recreationally active young adults under hypoxic and normoxic conditions. Thirty-two recreationally active young adults (age:22,37±2,30 years) were randomly assigned to Hypoxia RW(n=8), Normoxia RW(n=8), Hypoxia MICT (n=8), Normoxia MICT (n=8) group training protocol. The HIIT groups consisted of 4-7×30-s Wingate “all-out” sprints with 4 min of passive rest. The MICT groups completed 25-40 minutes of continuous running. Before, 4-week and after the 8-week interventions the following tests were completed: maximum oxygen consumption (V̇O2max), anaerobic threshold oxygen consumption (AT VO2), time to exhaustion (TTE) be determined from the Bruce treadmill protocol and submaximal oxygen consumption (Submaximal VO2) be determined from the modified Astrand protocol. Statistical difference was found between the 4th and 8th weeks in the HIIT and MICT groups according to the pre-tests (p ≤ 0.05). However, no difference was found between the condition (Hypoxia - Normoxia) and training methods (HIIT-MICT) (p ≤ 0.05).
{"title":"A COMPARISON OF REPEATED WINGATE BASED OF HIGH INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING AND MODERATE INTENSITY CONTINUOUS TRAINING ON AEROBIC CAPACITY UNDER NORMOBARIC HYPOXIA","authors":"Mustafa Şaki Akgül, Hakan Karabıyık, Melike Nur Akgül","doi":"10.52165/kinsi.29.3.49-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52165/kinsi.29.3.49-61","url":null,"abstract":"Aerobic capacity is very important for all people in terms of health and performance. Therefore, important organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) generally recommend that adults should perform physical activity maintain and improve their aerobic capacity. This study aimed to compare the effects of 8-week Repeated Wingate (RW) based of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) vs. moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on the aerobic fitness in recreationally active young adults under hypoxic and normoxic conditions. Thirty-two recreationally active young adults (age:22,37±2,30 years) were randomly assigned to Hypoxia RW(n=8), Normoxia RW(n=8), Hypoxia MICT (n=8), Normoxia MICT (n=8) group training protocol. The HIIT groups consisted of 4-7×30-s Wingate “all-out” sprints with 4 min of passive rest. The MICT groups completed 25-40 minutes of continuous running. Before, 4-week and after the 8-week interventions the following tests were completed: maximum oxygen consumption (V̇O2max), anaerobic threshold oxygen consumption (AT VO2), time to exhaustion (TTE) be determined from the Bruce treadmill protocol and submaximal oxygen consumption (Submaximal VO2) be determined from the modified Astrand protocol. Statistical difference was found between the 4th and 8th weeks in the HIIT and MICT groups according to the pre-tests (p ≤ 0.05). However, no difference was found between the condition (Hypoxia - Normoxia) and training methods (HIIT-MICT) (p ≤ 0.05).","PeriodicalId":43206,"journal":{"name":"Kinesiologia Slovenica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139145399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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