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THE COMPARISON OF ESTIMATED BODY FATNESS WITH TWO DIFFERENT FIELD METHODS IN YOUNG WRESTLERS 两种不同场地方法对年轻摔跤运动员体脂估计的比较
IF 0.3 Q4 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-04-13 DOI: 10.52165/kinsi.29.1.64-72
M. Kutlu, E. Demirkan, C. Taşkıran, Mustafa Arici
Practical body composition equations developed up to now are open to testing on different groups of athletes. The purpose of the study was to compare the estimation of body composition with two different equations, using skinfold and body neck and waist circumference in young wrestlers. One hundred and ten wrestlers (age:14.5 ± 1.2 years) voluntarily participated in the study and were divided into two categories based on body weight percentile scores (thin and heavy). Body composition analyses were determined by using two field methods, one of these was the skinfold method including the abdomen, subscapular, and triceps regions, and the other method was the indirect body composition determination using waist, and neck circumferences using the equations. The results showed that there were significant differences between the calculation results of equations for both the thin group and also heavy group. However, while the rate of error difference in the calculations of the two equations obtained from skinfold and body circumference measurements was low in the heavy group (Standard error of mean (SEM) Range; 2.6 %BF – Difference 16.5%), it was significantly higher in the thin group (SEM Range; 4.7 %BF - Difference 51.6%). The Skinfold equation was significantly underestimated for both groups when compared to the circumferential equation results. The findings showed that the field methods used in this study could be insufficient and, misleading to determine the body composition of young candidate wrestlers.
到目前为止,实际的身体成分方程是开放的,可以在不同的运动员群体中进行测试。这项研究的目的是比较两种不同的方程对身体成分的估计,使用年轻摔跤运动员的皮肤褶皱和身体脖子和腰围。110名摔跤运动员(年龄:14.5±1.2岁)自愿参与研究,根据体重百分位数分为两类(瘦和重)。体成分分析采用两种场法,一种是皮褶法,包括腹部、肩胛骨下和肱三头肌区域,另一种是间接体成分法,使用方程计算腰围和颈围。结果表明,瘦组和重组的方程计算结果存在显著差异。然而,在体重较重的组中,由皮肤褶和体围测量得出的两个方程的计算误差差率很低(平均标准误差(SEM)范围;2.6% BF -差值16.5%),瘦组显著高于瘦组(SEM范围;4.7% BF -差值51.6%)。与周向方程的结果相比,两组的皮褶方程被显著低估。研究结果表明,在本研究中使用的现场方法可能是不充分的,并误导确定年轻候选摔跤手的身体组成。
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引用次数: 0
ANALYSIS OF THE STRUCTURE OF PARTICIPANTS OF EDUCATION IN THE FIELD OF INTEGRATING MOVEMENT IN WORK WITH CHILDREN 儿童工作整合运动领域教育参与者结构分析
IF 0.3 Q4 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-04-13 DOI: 10.52165/kinsi.29.1.110-121
V. Petrić, Sanja Ljubičić, Sara Jakšić
The aim of this research is to determine the profile of preschool teachers who have enrolled in the education for Leader of Kinesiological Activities for Early and Preschool Children at the Faculty of Teacher Education of the University of Rijeka, as well as to predict it for future cycles. As many as 171 preschool teachers who completed their education for Leader of Kinesiological Activities for Early and Preschool Children, i.e. lifelong training programme, participated in the research. The basic descriptive parameters were calculated, and to determine the correlation between certain variables the Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used, the differences were determined by the Student’s t-test for independent samples, and to predict the future preschool teachers’ profile the linear regression analysis was used. The results indicate that the attendants were statistically significantly different (p<0.00) according to the criterion of completed study, i.e. preschool teachers with a completed graduate study are averagely seven years younger and have almost seven years of working experience less. A further trend of enrolment anticipates preschool teachers with less years of service and a completed graduate study. The greatest contribution offered by this research lies in the proven need of the participants for further training on the topic of integrated movement, while the large age span indicates a huge interest of preschool teachers with more, but also fewer years of service.
这项研究的目的是确定参加里耶卡大学教师教育学院幼儿和学龄前儿童运动机能活动领导者教育的幼儿教师的概况,并预测未来的周期。多达171名幼儿园教师参加了这项研究,他们完成了幼儿和学龄前儿童运动机能活动领导者的教育,即终身培训计划。计算了基本的描述性参数,为了确定某些变量之间的相关性,使用了Spearman相关系数,通过独立样本的Student t检验来确定差异,并使用线性回归分析来预测未来幼儿教师的状况。结果表明,根据完成研究的标准,服务员在统计学上有显著差异(p<0.00),即完成研究生学习的幼儿教师平均年轻7岁,工作经验少近7年。入学率的进一步趋势预计,学前教师的服务年限和研究生学习年限将减少。这项研究提供的最大贡献在于,事实证明,参与者需要在综合运动的主题上进行进一步的培训,而年龄跨度大表明,服务年限多但也少的幼儿教师对此非常感兴趣。
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引用次数: 0
AIKIDO’S CHOKU TSUKI MOTOR SKILL: VALIDATION CHECKLIST 合气道的CHOKU TSUKI运动技能:验证清单
IF 0.3 Q4 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-04-13 DOI: 10.52165/kinsi.29.1.88-109
Estefan Gemas Neto, Fábio Rodrigo Ferreira Gomes, Umberto Cesar Corrêa
Assessment is an essential procedure for any professional intervention, including in physical education and sports contexts. It concerns a process of collecting information that allows accessing the state of practitioners in relation to desired teaching-learning or training behaviors. Recently, the focus on assessment instruments has been extended to the martial arts contexts, whose studies have shown that the assessment instruments have been recognized by experts of different martial arts not only in relation to access of specific performances, but also as a means of promoting the practitioner's knowledge and motivation. The present study sought to develop and validate a checklist for an aikido’s motor skill: the choku tsuki. For content validation, the evaluators were 17 aikido experts, with at least 7 years of experience, all black belts (n = 6 (6th dan); n = 2 (5th dan); n = 3 (3rd dan); n = 5 (2nd dan); n = 2 (1st dan)). And, for the reliability test, there were four participants (n = 1 (5th dan); n = 2 (2nd dan); n = 1 (1st dan)). Ten adolescents, all inexperienced in the practice of jo, male (n = 7) and female (n = 3), whose ages ranged from 14 to 16 years old also participated as performers. At least 70% of the aikido experts evaluated the items as clear, adequate and technically viable for application in research contexts. The intra and inter-rater correlation indexes reached at least 0.90. It can be concluded that the choku tsuki assessment instrument is reliable, since it reached significant values in the reliability and objectivity indices.
评估是任何专业干预的基本程序,包括在体育和体育环境中。它涉及一个收集信息的过程,该过程允许访问从业者与期望的教学或培训行为有关的状态。最近,对评估工具的关注已经扩展到武术领域,其研究表明,评估工具不仅在获得特定表演方面得到了不同武术专家的认可,而且是促进练习者知识和动机的一种手段。本研究试图开发和验证合气道运动技能的检查表:choku tsuki。对于内容验证,评估者是17名合气道专家,他们至少有7年的经验,都是黑带(n=6(第6丹);n=2(5旦);n=3(第三个丹);n=5(第二个丹);n=2(第1个丹))。在可靠性测试中,有四名参与者(n=1(第五个丹);n=2(第二个丹);n=1(第1个丹))。10名年龄在14岁至16岁之间的青少年也作为表演者参加了演出,他们都没有熟练掌握jo,分别是男性(n=7)和女性(n=3)。至少70%的合气道专家认为这些项目清晰、充分且在技术上可行,可用于研究。评分者内和评分者间的相关指数至少达到0.90。可以得出结论,choku tsuki评估工具是可靠的,因为它在可靠性和客观性指标上达到了显著值。
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引用次数: 0
INFLUENCE OF TEAM PRESSING ON MATCH PERFORMANCE IN HIGHEST-LEVEL SOCCER; PRELIMINARY REPORT 团队施压对高水平足球比赛成绩的影响;初步报告
IF 0.3 Q4 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-04-13 DOI: 10.52165/kinsi.29.1.138-148
Tonći Modrić, Goran Gabrilo, D. Sekulić
Considering lack of studies which investigated pressing behaviour in soccer, this study aimed to preliminary examine the influence of successful team pressing on team running performance (TRP) and team technical-tactical performance (TTP). All data were obtained from UEFA Champions League (UCL) matches (n=20) using optical system InStat Fitness. The TRP variables included total distance covered, low-intensity running (<4 m/s), running (4–5.5 m/s), high speed running (5.5–7 m/s) and sprinting (>7 m/s). The TTP variables included total actions shots on target, passes, key passes, crosses, dribbles, final third entries and penalty area entries. Results from linear mixed model indicated that (i) TRP was similar irrespective to number of successful pressings (t=-0.13 to 0.67, all p>0.05, all trivial to small effects sizes), (ii) TTP tend to increase when higher rate of successful team pressings was utilized (t=2.33 to 5.18, all p<0.05, all large effects sizes). These results show significant influence of team pressing on TTP and no influence of team pressing on TRP, suggesting that cooperative and well-organised interaction between players is more important factor of team pressing than pure physical performance. This study may help soccer coaches to better understand physical and technical-tactical profiles of teams that utilize pressing style of play.
考虑到缺乏对足球比赛中施压行为的研究,本研究旨在初步考察成功的团队施压对团队跑动表现(TRP)和团队技战术表现(TTP)的影响。所有数据都是使用光学系统InStat Fitness从欧洲冠军联赛(UCL)比赛(n=20)中获得的。TRP变量包括全程、低强度跑步(7m/s)。TTP变量包括对目标的总动作投篮、传球、关键传球、传中、运球、最后三分球和禁区得分。线性混合模型的结果表明,(i)TRP与成功按压的次数无关(t=-0.13至0.67,均p>0.05,均为小到小效应大小),(ii)当团队按压成功率较高时,TTP倾向于增加(t=2.33至5.18,均p<0.05,均为大效应大小)。这些结果表明,团队施压对TTP有显著影响,而团队施压对TRP没有影响,这表明球员之间的合作和组织良好的互动比纯粹的身体表现更重要。这项研究可能有助于足球教练更好地了解采用压迫式打法的球队的身体和技术战术特征。
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引用次数: 0
DOES HIP-MUSCLE WEAKNESS IS ASSOCIATED WITH IMPAIRED FOOT POSTURES IN VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS? 臀部肌肉无力是否与排球运动员的足部姿势受损有关?
IF 0.3 Q4 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-04-13 DOI: 10.52165/kinsi.29.1.149-164
Feridun Fikret Özer, D. Şimşek, Nuran Küçük, Semra Bidil
This study aimed to explore the differences in the distributions of plantar pressure in dynamic states and assess the strength profiles in the hip muscle of professional volleyball players according to foot posture index. Dynamic plantar pressure distributions were evaluated via the Pedar®-X plantar pressure insole during walking. Load Cell sensors were used isometrically to measure hip adductor/abductor muscle strength. Independent-Samples t-Test was performed according to Levene's homogeneity test results. Pearson correlation coefficient was performed to understand the relationship between the variables. For these measurements, significance level was set as p<0.05. The right adductor and right abductor strength of the prone group had significantly lower than the neutral group (p <.05). Similarly, the left adductor strength of the prone group had significantly lower than the neutral group (p <.05). Also, plantar pressure distributions of volleyball players with prone feet were distributed evenly across metatarsal bones, but highly uniformly on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd metatarsal head and midfoot regions in dynamic walking. Results between the neutral and prone foot posture group found a moderate negative relationship (r = -.570; -,529) between both right and left adductor hip strength and foot posture. Finally, in right and left abductor hip strength to foot posture a low negative relationship was found (r = -.471; -375). Reduced strength of the hip abductor relative to the adductor is associated with increased pronation at the foot. Furthermore, the decrease in arch height increased the risk of lower extremity injuries related to excessive use, including patellofemoral pain syndrome and medial tibial stress syndrome, as well as may have a negative effect on jumping performance.
本研究旨在探讨足底压力在动态状态下分布的差异,并根据足姿指数评估职业排球运动员髋部肌肉的力量分布。在行走过程中,通过Pedar®-X足底压力鞋垫评估动态足底压力分布。称重传感器用于等距测量髋关节内收肌/外展肌的力量。根据Levene的均匀性测试结果进行独立样本t检验。采用Pearson相关系数来了解变量之间的关系。对于这些测量,显著性水平设置为p<0.05。俯卧组的右内收肌和右外展肌力量显著低于中性组(p<.05)。同样,俯卧组左内收肌力量显著高于中性组(p<0.05)。此外,俯卧足排球运动员的足底压力分布在跖骨上均匀分布,但在1日高度均匀,动态步行中的第2和第3跖骨头部和足中部区域。中性和俯卧足姿势组的结果发现,左右内收肌髋关节力量与足姿势之间存在中度负相关关系(r=-0.570;-,529)。最后,在右外展肌和左外展肌髋关节力量与足部姿势之间存在较低的负相关关系(r=-0.471;-375)。髋外展肌相对于内收肌的力量降低与足部内旋增加有关。此外,足弓高度的降低增加了与过度使用相关的下肢损伤的风险,包括髌股疼痛综合征和胫骨内侧应力综合征,并可能对跳跃性能产生负面影响。
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引用次数: 0
BOOK REVIEW: BILL HAYES SWEAT: A HISTORY OF EXERCISE . NEW YORK: BLOOMSBURY PUBLISHING, 2023. 246 PP. ISBN: HB: 978 1 62040 228 3; PB: 978 1 62040 230 6; EBOOK: 978 1 62040 229 0 书评:比尔·海斯的汗水:运动史。纽约:布鲁姆斯伯里出版社,2023。246页。isbn: hb: 978 1 62040 228 3;Pb: 978 1 62040 230 6;电子书:978 1 62040 229 0
IF 0.3 Q4 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-04-13 DOI: 10.52165/kinsi.29.1.225-229
Kaja Poteko
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引用次数: 0
UNCOVERING THE MOTIVATIONAL STRUCTURE OF EXERCISE: A STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES 揭示运动的动机结构:人口变量影响的研究
IF 0.3 Q4 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-04-13 DOI: 10.52165/kinsi.29.1.203-224
Vojko Vučković, T. Kajtna
This study examined the relationship between demographic variables and exercise motivation. 764 exercisers from the 18 largest Slovenian fitness clubs completed the Exercise Motivation Inventory-2 questionnaire, which was combined with other demographic questions. The analysis confirmed that men exercise different reasons than women. Young adults crave social recognition and exposure, but also want to get stronger and compete with others. Older adults exercise because they want to recover, stay healthy, control their weight, and stay mobile. Participants who played competitive sports in their youth now exercise because they enjoy exercise, feel challenged, and compete, but also because they want to be recognized socially more than non-competitors who exercise primarily for health reasons. Single people have statistically significantly different motivations to exercise than people who are in a relationship or married, mainly affiliation and social recognition. In contrast, married people exercise mainly for health reasons. Employment status also has an impact on exercise motivation, as does education. People with higher education levels exercise more for health reasons, while less educated people exercise for challenge, competition, and social recognition. These findings highlight the practical importance of motivational structure among athletes from different demographic backgrounds.
这项研究考察了人口统计学变量与运动动机之间的关系。来自斯洛文尼亚18家最大健身俱乐部的764名锻炼者完成了锻炼动机清单-2问卷,该问卷与其他人口统计问题相结合。分析证实,男性锻炼的原因与女性不同。年轻人渴望社会认可和曝光,但也希望变得更强大,与他人竞争。老年人锻炼是因为他们想恢复、保持健康、控制体重和保持灵活性。年轻时参加过竞技体育的参与者现在锻炼是因为他们喜欢锻炼、感到挑战和竞争,但也因为他们比主要出于健康原因锻炼的非竞争对手更希望得到社会认可。从统计数据来看,单身人士锻炼的动机与恋爱或已婚人士明显不同,主要是关系和社会认可。相比之下,已婚人士锻炼主要是出于健康原因。就业状况对运动动机也有影响,教育也是如此。受教育程度较高的人锻炼更多是出于健康原因,而受教育程度较低的人锻炼是为了挑战、竞争和社会认可。这些发现强调了动机结构在不同人口背景的运动员中的实际重要性。
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引用次数: 0
DIFFERENCES IN POST-ACTIVATION POTENTIATION AND POST-ACTIVATION PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT BETWEEN FLYWHEEL AND BARBELL SQUAT PROTOCOLS 飞轮和杠铃深蹲方案激活后增强和激活后性能增强的差异
IF 0.3 Q4 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-04-13 DOI: 10.52165/kinsi.29.1.5-29
Darjan Spudić, Julija Dakskobler, Igor Štirn
This study aimed to compare the post-activation potentiation (PAP) and post-activation potentiation performance enhancement (PAPE) response following the flywheel (FW) and barbell resistance protocols on subsequent evoked knee extensor muscle characteristics and countermovement jump (CMJ) height. The study used a randomized crossover design including nineteen physical education students (24.9 [2.6] years, 171.1 [6.9] cm, 66.9 [8.6] kg). The participants were divided into experienced (EX) and unexperienced (unEX) groups. They visited the laboratory eight times and in randomized order performed the following tests: I) optimal FW load determination, II) optimal barbell load determination, III) control visit to determine twitch characteristics, IV) control visit to determine CMJ characteristics, V and VI) evoked contractions of the quadriceps femoris muscle after FW squat and barbell protocols, VII and VIII) CMJ testing after FW squat and barbell squat protocols. A mixed model ANOVA (factors load condition [control, FW, barbell], time [1-10 min] and experience) revealed changes in jump height, twitch amplitude, contraction time and half-relaxation time as a factor of time. Only minor differences in variables analyzed were found between EX and unEX participants and between load conditions. The prevalent observation is that the two loading conditions (FW vs. barbell) induced no different PAP/E responses. Presumably, because the intensity and tempo of the two resistance exercise protocols were matched by the peak power load selection, coupled eccentric-concentric contractions, and while only a single set of squats was performed.
本研究旨在比较飞轮(FW)和杠铃阻力方案对随后诱发的膝伸肌特征和反跳(CMJ)高度的激活后增强(PAP)和激活后增强性能(PAPE)反应。该研究采用随机交叉设计,包括19名体育学生(24.9[2.6]岁,171.1[6.9]cm,66.9[8.6]kg)。参与者被分为经验丰富(EX)和未经验丰富(unEX)两组。他们访问了实验室八次,并按随机顺序进行了以下测试:I)最佳FW负荷测定,II)最佳杠铃负荷测定,III)确定抽搐特征的对照访视,IV)确定CMJ特征的对照访问,V和VI)FW深蹲和杠铃方案后引起的股四头肌收缩,VII和VIII)FW深蹲和杠铃深蹲方案后的CMJ测试。混合模型方差分析(因子负荷条件[对照、FW、杠铃]、时间[1-10分钟]和经验)揭示了跳跃高度、抽搐幅度、收缩时间和半放松时间作为时间因子的变化。在EX和unEX参与者之间以及负载条件之间,分析的变量只有微小的差异。普遍的观察结果是,两种负载条件(FW与杠铃)没有诱导不同的PAP/E反应。据推测,因为两种阻力运动方案的强度和节奏与峰值功率负荷选择相匹配,加上偏心同心收缩,而只进行了一组深蹲。
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引用次数: 0
REGIONAL OBSERVATORY OF PHYSICAL FITNESS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS IN SOUTHERN ITALY: A THIRTY-YEAR COMPARISON BETWEEN 1990-2020 意大利南部地区儿童和青少年体质观察站:1990-2020年的31年比较
IF 0.3 Q4 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-04-13 DOI: 10.52165/kinsi.29.1.122-137
Domenico Monacis, D. Colella, S. Kolimechkov
International literature showed that lower physical activity levels are associated with a progressive decline in physical fitness levels in children and adolescents over the past decades. The present cross-sectional study aims to assess trends in physical fitness levels among young adolescents in Lecce (Apulia region, Italy) comparing motor performances in 1990 and 2020. The sample consisted of 107 children attending the secondary school in Lecce in 1990, and 118 children attending secondary school in the same province in 2020, divided according to gender and BMI cut-off (normal weight and overweight/obese). Physical fitness assessment included standing long jump, medicine ball throw 2kg, 30-m dash and Cooper endurance running proposed both in 1990 and 2020. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to compare motor performances (1990 vs 2020) according to gender and BMI, and on total sample according to BMI; chi-square test was carried out to underline differences between Normal Weight, Overweight and Obese distribution in 1990 and 2020, and linear regression analysis was executed to investigate the variance in motor test explained by BMI, both in 1990 and 2020 groups. Results showed that: (a) sample in 1990 performed significantly better than those in 2020 in all of the above physical fitness test, independently for gender and BMI cut-off, (b) the percentage of overweight obese children has increased significantly from 1990 to 2020, and (c) BMI is a key factor influencing almost all motor performance in 2020.
国际文献表明,在过去几十年中,较低的体育活动水平与儿童和青少年身体素质水平的逐渐下降有关。本横断面研究旨在评估莱切(意大利阿普利亚地区)青少年体质水平的趋势,比较1990年和2020年的运动表现。样本包括1990年在莱切上中学的107名儿童和2020年在同一省份上中学的118名儿童,根据性别和BMI界限(正常体重和超重/肥胖)进行划分。体能评估包括1990年和2020年提出的站立跳远、2公斤健身球投掷、30米短跑和库珀耐力跑。方差分析(ANOVA)根据性别和BMI对运动表现(1990年与2020年)进行比较,并根据BMI对总样本进行比较;进行卡方检验,以强调1990年和2020年正常体重、超重和肥胖分布之间的差异,并进行线性回归分析,以调查1990和2020年两组由BMI解释的运动测试的方差。结果显示:(a)1990年的样本在上述所有体能测试中的表现都明显好于2020年,独立于性别和BMI界限,(b)从1990年到2020年,超重肥胖儿童的百分比显著增加,(c)BMI是影响2020年几乎所有运动表现的关键因素。
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引用次数: 0
THE EFFECT OF TRUNK EXTENSORS AND ABDOMINAL MUSCLE FATIGUE ON STATIC AND DYNAMIC BALANCE 躯干伸肌和腹肌疲劳对静态和动态平衡的影响
IF 0.3 Q4 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-11-20 DOI: 10.52165/kinsi.28.3.136-153
Gül Özsoy, H. Sözen, A. R. Soylu
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of static fatigue of trunk extensor and abdominal muscle groups on static and dynamic balance components. The study sample consisted of 40 healthy volunteers. Lumbar erector spinae, multifidus, and latissimus dorsi, external oblique, rectus abdominis and internal oblique muscles were measured on the dominant side. Dynamic and static balances were measured before and after the test protocol following EMG analysis. Pre-test and post-test static and dynamic balance scores showed that there was a statistically significant difference in OE (open-eyed) static balance values between the experimental and control groups (p<.01). There was a statistically significant difference in ATE (Average track error) scores between male and female participants (p<.05). There was a statistically significant difference in mean coordinated fatigue values of agonist and antagonist muscle groups in the Biering-Sørensen position between male and female participants (p<.05). Deterioration was observed in participants’ OE static balance, indicating that OE static balance deterioration occurred again in the OE position. There was a statistically significant difference in co-fatigue values of abdominal muscles between the two groups.
本研究的目的是研究躯干伸肌和腹肌群的静态疲劳对静态和动态平衡成分的影响。研究样本由40名健康志愿者组成。测量优势侧的腰竖脊肌、多裂肌、背阔肌、外斜肌、腹直肌和内斜肌。在EMG分析之后,在测试方案之前和之后测量动态和静态平衡。测试前和测试后的静态和动态平衡得分显示,实验组和对照组之间的OE(睁眼)静态平衡值存在统计学显著差异(p<0.01)。男性和女性参与者之间的ATE(平均跟踪误差)得分存在统计学显著差异(p<0.05)男性和女性参与者在Biering-Sørensen体位的激动剂和拮抗剂肌群的协调疲劳值(p<0.05)。观察到参与者的OE静态平衡恶化,表明OE体位再次出现OE静态平衡退化。两组腹部肌肉的共同疲劳值存在统计学上的显著差异。
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引用次数: 0
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Kinesiologia Slovenica
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