Pub Date : 2023-04-13DOI: 10.52165/kinsi.29.1.110-121
V. Petrić, Sanja Ljubičić, Sara Jakšić
The aim of this research is to determine the profile of preschool teachers who have enrolled in the education for Leader of Kinesiological Activities for Early and Preschool Children at the Faculty of Teacher Education of the University of Rijeka, as well as to predict it for future cycles. As many as 171 preschool teachers who completed their education for Leader of Kinesiological Activities for Early and Preschool Children, i.e. lifelong training programme, participated in the research. The basic descriptive parameters were calculated, and to determine the correlation between certain variables the Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used, the differences were determined by the Student’s t-test for independent samples, and to predict the future preschool teachers’ profile the linear regression analysis was used. The results indicate that the attendants were statistically significantly different (p<0.00) according to the criterion of completed study, i.e. preschool teachers with a completed graduate study are averagely seven years younger and have almost seven years of working experience less. A further trend of enrolment anticipates preschool teachers with less years of service and a completed graduate study. The greatest contribution offered by this research lies in the proven need of the participants for further training on the topic of integrated movement, while the large age span indicates a huge interest of preschool teachers with more, but also fewer years of service.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF THE STRUCTURE OF PARTICIPANTS OF EDUCATION IN THE FIELD OF INTEGRATING MOVEMENT IN WORK WITH CHILDREN","authors":"V. Petrić, Sanja Ljubičić, Sara Jakšić","doi":"10.52165/kinsi.29.1.110-121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52165/kinsi.29.1.110-121","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this research is to determine the profile of preschool teachers who have enrolled in the education for Leader of Kinesiological Activities for Early and Preschool Children at the Faculty of Teacher Education of the University of Rijeka, as well as to predict it for future cycles. As many as 171 preschool teachers who completed their education for Leader of Kinesiological Activities for Early and Preschool Children, i.e. lifelong training programme, participated in the research. The basic descriptive parameters were calculated, and to determine the correlation between certain variables the Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used, the differences were determined by the Student’s t-test for independent samples, and to predict the future preschool teachers’ profile the linear regression analysis was used. The results indicate that the attendants were statistically significantly different (p<0.00) according to the criterion of completed study, i.e. preschool teachers with a completed graduate study are averagely seven years younger and have almost seven years of working experience less. A further trend of enrolment anticipates preschool teachers with less years of service and a completed graduate study. The greatest contribution offered by this research lies in the proven need of the participants for further training on the topic of integrated movement, while the large age span indicates a huge interest of preschool teachers with more, but also fewer years of service.","PeriodicalId":43206,"journal":{"name":"Kinesiologia Slovenica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47739398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-13DOI: 10.52165/kinsi.29.1.64-72
M. Kutlu, E. Demirkan, C. Taşkıran, Mustafa Arici
Practical body composition equations developed up to now are open to testing on different groups of athletes. The purpose of the study was to compare the estimation of body composition with two different equations, using skinfold and body neck and waist circumference in young wrestlers. One hundred and ten wrestlers (age:14.5 ± 1.2 years) voluntarily participated in the study and were divided into two categories based on body weight percentile scores (thin and heavy). Body composition analyses were determined by using two field methods, one of these was the skinfold method including the abdomen, subscapular, and triceps regions, and the other method was the indirect body composition determination using waist, and neck circumferences using the equations. The results showed that there were significant differences between the calculation results of equations for both the thin group and also heavy group. However, while the rate of error difference in the calculations of the two equations obtained from skinfold and body circumference measurements was low in the heavy group (Standard error of mean (SEM) Range; 2.6 %BF – Difference 16.5%), it was significantly higher in the thin group (SEM Range; 4.7 %BF - Difference 51.6%). The Skinfold equation was significantly underestimated for both groups when compared to the circumferential equation results. The findings showed that the field methods used in this study could be insufficient and, misleading to determine the body composition of young candidate wrestlers.
{"title":"THE COMPARISON OF ESTIMATED BODY FATNESS WITH TWO DIFFERENT FIELD METHODS IN YOUNG WRESTLERS","authors":"M. Kutlu, E. Demirkan, C. Taşkıran, Mustafa Arici","doi":"10.52165/kinsi.29.1.64-72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52165/kinsi.29.1.64-72","url":null,"abstract":"Practical body composition equations developed up to now are open to testing on different groups of athletes. The purpose of the study was to compare the estimation of body composition with two different equations, using skinfold and body neck and waist circumference in young wrestlers. One hundred and ten wrestlers (age:14.5 ± 1.2 years) voluntarily participated in the study and were divided into two categories based on body weight percentile scores (thin and heavy). Body composition analyses were determined by using two field methods, one of these was the skinfold method including the abdomen, subscapular, and triceps regions, and the other method was the indirect body composition determination using waist, and neck circumferences using the equations. The results showed that there were significant differences between the calculation results of equations for both the thin group and also heavy group. However, while the rate of error difference in the calculations of the two equations obtained from skinfold and body circumference measurements was low in the heavy group (Standard error of mean (SEM) Range; 2.6 %BF – Difference 16.5%), it was significantly higher in the thin group (SEM Range; 4.7 %BF - Difference 51.6%). The Skinfold equation was significantly underestimated for both groups when compared to the circumferential equation results. The findings showed that the field methods used in this study could be insufficient and, misleading to determine the body composition of young candidate wrestlers.","PeriodicalId":43206,"journal":{"name":"Kinesiologia Slovenica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47726361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-13DOI: 10.52165/kinsi.29.1.88-109
Estefan Gemas Neto, Fábio Rodrigo Ferreira Gomes, Umberto Cesar Corrêa
Assessment is an essential procedure for any professional intervention, including in physical education and sports contexts. It concerns a process of collecting information that allows accessing the state of practitioners in relation to desired teaching-learning or training behaviors. Recently, the focus on assessment instruments has been extended to the martial arts contexts, whose studies have shown that the assessment instruments have been recognized by experts of different martial arts not only in relation to access of specific performances, but also as a means of promoting the practitioner's knowledge and motivation. The present study sought to develop and validate a checklist for an aikido’s motor skill: the choku tsuki. For content validation, the evaluators were 17 aikido experts, with at least 7 years of experience, all black belts (n = 6 (6th dan); n = 2 (5th dan); n = 3 (3rd dan); n = 5 (2nd dan); n = 2 (1st dan)). And, for the reliability test, there were four participants (n = 1 (5th dan); n = 2 (2nd dan); n = 1 (1st dan)). Ten adolescents, all inexperienced in the practice of jo, male (n = 7) and female (n = 3), whose ages ranged from 14 to 16 years old also participated as performers. At least 70% of the aikido experts evaluated the items as clear, adequate and technically viable for application in research contexts. The intra and inter-rater correlation indexes reached at least 0.90. It can be concluded that the choku tsuki assessment instrument is reliable, since it reached significant values in the reliability and objectivity indices.
{"title":"AIKIDO’S CHOKU TSUKI MOTOR SKILL: VALIDATION CHECKLIST","authors":"Estefan Gemas Neto, Fábio Rodrigo Ferreira Gomes, Umberto Cesar Corrêa","doi":"10.52165/kinsi.29.1.88-109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52165/kinsi.29.1.88-109","url":null,"abstract":"Assessment is an essential procedure for any professional intervention, including in physical education and sports contexts. It concerns a process of collecting information that allows accessing the state of practitioners in relation to desired teaching-learning or training behaviors. Recently, the focus on assessment instruments has been extended to the martial arts contexts, whose studies have shown that the assessment instruments have been recognized by experts of different martial arts not only in relation to access of specific performances, but also as a means of promoting the practitioner's knowledge and motivation. The present study sought to develop and validate a checklist for an aikido’s motor skill: the choku tsuki. For content validation, the evaluators were 17 aikido experts, with at least 7 years of experience, all black belts (n = 6 (6th dan); n = 2 (5th dan); n = 3 (3rd dan); n = 5 (2nd dan); n = 2 (1st dan)). And, for the reliability test, there were four participants (n = 1 (5th dan); n = 2 (2nd dan); n = 1 (1st dan)). Ten adolescents, all inexperienced in the practice of jo, male (n = 7) and female (n = 3), whose ages ranged from 14 to 16 years old also participated as performers. At least 70% of the aikido experts evaluated the items as clear, adequate and technically viable for application in research contexts. The intra and inter-rater correlation indexes reached at least 0.90. It can be concluded that the choku tsuki assessment instrument is reliable, since it reached significant values in the reliability and objectivity indices.","PeriodicalId":43206,"journal":{"name":"Kinesiologia Slovenica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48596276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-13DOI: 10.52165/kinsi.29.1.138-148
Tonći Modrić, Goran Gabrilo, D. Sekulić
Considering lack of studies which investigated pressing behaviour in soccer, this study aimed to preliminary examine the influence of successful team pressing on team running performance (TRP) and team technical-tactical performance (TTP). All data were obtained from UEFA Champions League (UCL) matches (n=20) using optical system InStat Fitness. The TRP variables included total distance covered, low-intensity running (<4 m/s), running (4–5.5 m/s), high speed running (5.5–7 m/s) and sprinting (>7 m/s). The TTP variables included total actions shots on target, passes, key passes, crosses, dribbles, final third entries and penalty area entries. Results from linear mixed model indicated that (i) TRP was similar irrespective to number of successful pressings (t=-0.13 to 0.67, all p>0.05, all trivial to small effects sizes), (ii) TTP tend to increase when higher rate of successful team pressings was utilized (t=2.33 to 5.18, all p<0.05, all large effects sizes). These results show significant influence of team pressing on TTP and no influence of team pressing on TRP, suggesting that cooperative and well-organised interaction between players is more important factor of team pressing than pure physical performance. This study may help soccer coaches to better understand physical and technical-tactical profiles of teams that utilize pressing style of play.
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF TEAM PRESSING ON MATCH PERFORMANCE IN HIGHEST-LEVEL SOCCER; PRELIMINARY REPORT","authors":"Tonći Modrić, Goran Gabrilo, D. Sekulić","doi":"10.52165/kinsi.29.1.138-148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52165/kinsi.29.1.138-148","url":null,"abstract":"Considering lack of studies which investigated pressing behaviour in soccer, this study aimed to preliminary examine the influence of successful team pressing on team running performance (TRP) and team technical-tactical performance (TTP). All data were obtained from UEFA Champions League (UCL) matches (n=20) using optical system InStat Fitness. The TRP variables included total distance covered, low-intensity running (<4 m/s), running (4–5.5 m/s), high speed running (5.5–7 m/s) and sprinting (>7 m/s). The TTP variables included total actions shots on target, passes, key passes, crosses, dribbles, final third entries and penalty area entries. Results from linear mixed model indicated that (i) TRP was similar irrespective to number of successful pressings (t=-0.13 to 0.67, all p>0.05, all trivial to small effects sizes), (ii) TTP tend to increase when higher rate of successful team pressings was utilized (t=2.33 to 5.18, all p<0.05, all large effects sizes). These results show significant influence of team pressing on TTP and no influence of team pressing on TRP, suggesting that cooperative and well-organised interaction between players is more important factor of team pressing than pure physical performance. This study may help soccer coaches to better understand physical and technical-tactical profiles of teams that utilize pressing style of play.","PeriodicalId":43206,"journal":{"name":"Kinesiologia Slovenica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46269295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-13DOI: 10.52165/kinsi.29.1.149-164
Feridun Fikret Özer, D. Şimşek, Nuran Küçük, Semra Bidil
This study aimed to explore the differences in the distributions of plantar pressure in dynamic states and assess the strength profiles in the hip muscle of professional volleyball players according to foot posture index. Dynamic plantar pressure distributions were evaluated via the Pedar®-X plantar pressure insole during walking. Load Cell sensors were used isometrically to measure hip adductor/abductor muscle strength. Independent-Samples t-Test was performed according to Levene's homogeneity test results. Pearson correlation coefficient was performed to understand the relationship between the variables. For these measurements, significance level was set as p<0.05. The right adductor and right abductor strength of the prone group had significantly lower than the neutral group (p <.05). Similarly, the left adductor strength of the prone group had significantly lower than the neutral group (p <.05). Also, plantar pressure distributions of volleyball players with prone feet were distributed evenly across metatarsal bones, but highly uniformly on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd metatarsal head and midfoot regions in dynamic walking. Results between the neutral and prone foot posture group found a moderate negative relationship (r = -.570; -,529) between both right and left adductor hip strength and foot posture. Finally, in right and left abductor hip strength to foot posture a low negative relationship was found (r = -.471; -375). Reduced strength of the hip abductor relative to the adductor is associated with increased pronation at the foot. Furthermore, the decrease in arch height increased the risk of lower extremity injuries related to excessive use, including patellofemoral pain syndrome and medial tibial stress syndrome, as well as may have a negative effect on jumping performance.
{"title":"DOES HIP-MUSCLE WEAKNESS IS ASSOCIATED WITH IMPAIRED FOOT POSTURES IN VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS?","authors":"Feridun Fikret Özer, D. Şimşek, Nuran Küçük, Semra Bidil","doi":"10.52165/kinsi.29.1.149-164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52165/kinsi.29.1.149-164","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to explore the differences in the distributions of plantar pressure in dynamic states and assess the strength profiles in the hip muscle of professional volleyball players according to foot posture index. Dynamic plantar pressure distributions were evaluated via the Pedar®-X plantar pressure insole during walking. Load Cell sensors were used isometrically to measure hip adductor/abductor muscle strength. Independent-Samples t-Test was performed according to Levene's homogeneity test results. Pearson correlation coefficient was performed to understand the relationship between the variables. For these measurements, significance level was set as p<0.05. The right adductor and right abductor strength of the prone group had significantly lower than the neutral group (p <.05). Similarly, the left adductor strength of the prone group had significantly lower than the neutral group (p <.05). Also, plantar pressure distributions of volleyball players with prone feet were distributed evenly across metatarsal bones, but highly uniformly on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd metatarsal head and midfoot regions in dynamic walking. Results between the neutral and prone foot posture group found a moderate negative relationship (r = -.570; -,529) between both right and left adductor hip strength and foot posture. Finally, in right and left abductor hip strength to foot posture a low negative relationship was found (r = -.471; -375). Reduced strength of the hip abductor relative to the adductor is associated with increased pronation at the foot. Furthermore, the decrease in arch height increased the risk of lower extremity injuries related to excessive use, including patellofemoral pain syndrome and medial tibial stress syndrome, as well as may have a negative effect on jumping performance.","PeriodicalId":43206,"journal":{"name":"Kinesiologia Slovenica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47758342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-13DOI: 10.52165/kinsi.29.1.203-224
Vojko Vučković, T. Kajtna
This study examined the relationship between demographic variables and exercise motivation. 764 exercisers from the 18 largest Slovenian fitness clubs completed the Exercise Motivation Inventory-2 questionnaire, which was combined with other demographic questions. The analysis confirmed that men exercise different reasons than women. Young adults crave social recognition and exposure, but also want to get stronger and compete with others. Older adults exercise because they want to recover, stay healthy, control their weight, and stay mobile. Participants who played competitive sports in their youth now exercise because they enjoy exercise, feel challenged, and compete, but also because they want to be recognized socially more than non-competitors who exercise primarily for health reasons. Single people have statistically significantly different motivations to exercise than people who are in a relationship or married, mainly affiliation and social recognition. In contrast, married people exercise mainly for health reasons. Employment status also has an impact on exercise motivation, as does education. People with higher education levels exercise more for health reasons, while less educated people exercise for challenge, competition, and social recognition. These findings highlight the practical importance of motivational structure among athletes from different demographic backgrounds.
{"title":"UNCOVERING THE MOTIVATIONAL STRUCTURE OF EXERCISE: A STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES","authors":"Vojko Vučković, T. Kajtna","doi":"10.52165/kinsi.29.1.203-224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52165/kinsi.29.1.203-224","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the relationship between demographic variables and exercise motivation. 764 exercisers from the 18 largest Slovenian fitness clubs completed the Exercise Motivation Inventory-2 questionnaire, which was combined with other demographic questions. The analysis confirmed that men exercise different reasons than women. Young adults crave social recognition and exposure, but also want to get stronger and compete with others. Older adults exercise because they want to recover, stay healthy, control their weight, and stay mobile. Participants who played competitive sports in their youth now exercise because they enjoy exercise, feel challenged, and compete, but also because they want to be recognized socially more than non-competitors who exercise primarily for health reasons. Single people have statistically significantly different motivations to exercise than people who are in a relationship or married, mainly affiliation and social recognition. In contrast, married people exercise mainly for health reasons. Employment status also has an impact on exercise motivation, as does education. People with higher education levels exercise more for health reasons, while less educated people exercise for challenge, competition, and social recognition. These findings highlight the practical importance of motivational structure among athletes from different demographic backgrounds.","PeriodicalId":43206,"journal":{"name":"Kinesiologia Slovenica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46760834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-13DOI: 10.52165/kinsi.29.1.5-29
Darjan Spudić, Julija Dakskobler, Igor Štirn
This study aimed to compare the post-activation potentiation (PAP) and post-activation potentiation performance enhancement (PAPE) response following the flywheel (FW) and barbell resistance protocols on subsequent evoked knee extensor muscle characteristics and countermovement jump (CMJ) height. The study used a randomized crossover design including nineteen physical education students (24.9 [2.6] years, 171.1 [6.9] cm, 66.9 [8.6] kg). The participants were divided into experienced (EX) and unexperienced (unEX) groups. They visited the laboratory eight times and in randomized order performed the following tests: I) optimal FW load determination, II) optimal barbell load determination, III) control visit to determine twitch characteristics, IV) control visit to determine CMJ characteristics, V and VI) evoked contractions of the quadriceps femoris muscle after FW squat and barbell protocols, VII and VIII) CMJ testing after FW squat and barbell squat protocols. A mixed model ANOVA (factors load condition [control, FW, barbell], time [1-10 min] and experience) revealed changes in jump height, twitch amplitude, contraction time and half-relaxation time as a factor of time. Only minor differences in variables analyzed were found between EX and unEX participants and between load conditions. The prevalent observation is that the two loading conditions (FW vs. barbell) induced no different PAP/E responses. Presumably, because the intensity and tempo of the two resistance exercise protocols were matched by the peak power load selection, coupled eccentric-concentric contractions, and while only a single set of squats was performed.
{"title":"DIFFERENCES IN POST-ACTIVATION POTENTIATION AND POST-ACTIVATION PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT BETWEEN FLYWHEEL AND BARBELL SQUAT PROTOCOLS","authors":"Darjan Spudić, Julija Dakskobler, Igor Štirn","doi":"10.52165/kinsi.29.1.5-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52165/kinsi.29.1.5-29","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to compare the post-activation potentiation (PAP) and post-activation potentiation performance enhancement (PAPE) response following the flywheel (FW) and barbell resistance protocols on subsequent evoked knee extensor muscle characteristics and countermovement jump (CMJ) height. The study used a randomized crossover design including nineteen physical education students (24.9 [2.6] years, 171.1 [6.9] cm, 66.9 [8.6] kg). The participants were divided into experienced (EX) and unexperienced (unEX) groups. They visited the laboratory eight times and in randomized order performed the following tests: I) optimal FW load determination, II) optimal barbell load determination, III) control visit to determine twitch characteristics, IV) control visit to determine CMJ characteristics, V and VI) evoked contractions of the quadriceps femoris muscle after FW squat and barbell protocols, VII and VIII) CMJ testing after FW squat and barbell squat protocols. A mixed model ANOVA (factors load condition [control, FW, barbell], time [1-10 min] and experience) revealed changes in jump height, twitch amplitude, contraction time and half-relaxation time as a factor of time. Only minor differences in variables analyzed were found between EX and unEX participants and between load conditions. The prevalent observation is that the two loading conditions (FW vs. barbell) induced no different PAP/E responses. Presumably, because the intensity and tempo of the two resistance exercise protocols were matched by the peak power load selection, coupled eccentric-concentric contractions, and while only a single set of squats was performed.","PeriodicalId":43206,"journal":{"name":"Kinesiologia Slovenica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48102408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-13DOI: 10.52165/kinsi.29.1.122-137
Domenico Monacis, D. Colella, S. Kolimechkov
International literature showed that lower physical activity levels are associated with a progressive decline in physical fitness levels in children and adolescents over the past decades. The present cross-sectional study aims to assess trends in physical fitness levels among young adolescents in Lecce (Apulia region, Italy) comparing motor performances in 1990 and 2020. The sample consisted of 107 children attending the secondary school in Lecce in 1990, and 118 children attending secondary school in the same province in 2020, divided according to gender and BMI cut-off (normal weight and overweight/obese). Physical fitness assessment included standing long jump, medicine ball throw 2kg, 30-m dash and Cooper endurance running proposed both in 1990 and 2020. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to compare motor performances (1990 vs 2020) according to gender and BMI, and on total sample according to BMI; chi-square test was carried out to underline differences between Normal Weight, Overweight and Obese distribution in 1990 and 2020, and linear regression analysis was executed to investigate the variance in motor test explained by BMI, both in 1990 and 2020 groups. Results showed that: (a) sample in 1990 performed significantly better than those in 2020 in all of the above physical fitness test, independently for gender and BMI cut-off, (b) the percentage of overweight obese children has increased significantly from 1990 to 2020, and (c) BMI is a key factor influencing almost all motor performance in 2020.
{"title":"REGIONAL OBSERVATORY OF PHYSICAL FITNESS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS IN SOUTHERN ITALY: A THIRTY-YEAR COMPARISON BETWEEN 1990-2020","authors":"Domenico Monacis, D. Colella, S. Kolimechkov","doi":"10.52165/kinsi.29.1.122-137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52165/kinsi.29.1.122-137","url":null,"abstract":"International literature showed that lower physical activity levels are associated with a progressive decline in physical fitness levels in children and adolescents over the past decades. The present cross-sectional study aims to assess trends in physical fitness levels among young adolescents in Lecce (Apulia region, Italy) comparing motor performances in 1990 and 2020. The sample consisted of 107 children attending the secondary school in Lecce in 1990, and 118 children attending secondary school in the same province in 2020, divided according to gender and BMI cut-off (normal weight and overweight/obese). Physical fitness assessment included standing long jump, medicine ball throw 2kg, 30-m dash and Cooper endurance running proposed both in 1990 and 2020. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to compare motor performances (1990 vs 2020) according to gender and BMI, and on total sample according to BMI; chi-square test was carried out to underline differences between Normal Weight, Overweight and Obese distribution in 1990 and 2020, and linear regression analysis was executed to investigate the variance in motor test explained by BMI, both in 1990 and 2020 groups. Results showed that: (a) sample in 1990 performed significantly better than those in 2020 in all of the above physical fitness test, independently for gender and BMI cut-off, (b) the percentage of overweight obese children has increased significantly from 1990 to 2020, and (c) BMI is a key factor influencing almost all motor performance in 2020.","PeriodicalId":43206,"journal":{"name":"Kinesiologia Slovenica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49602144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-20DOI: 10.52165/kinsi.28.3.136-153
Gül Özsoy, H. Sözen, A. R. Soylu
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of static fatigue of trunk extensor and abdominal muscle groups on static and dynamic balance components. The study sample consisted of 40 healthy volunteers. Lumbar erector spinae, multifidus, and latissimus dorsi, external oblique, rectus abdominis and internal oblique muscles were measured on the dominant side. Dynamic and static balances were measured before and after the test protocol following EMG analysis. Pre-test and post-test static and dynamic balance scores showed that there was a statistically significant difference in OE (open-eyed) static balance values between the experimental and control groups (p<.01). There was a statistically significant difference in ATE (Average track error) scores between male and female participants (p<.05). There was a statistically significant difference in mean coordinated fatigue values of agonist and antagonist muscle groups in the Biering-Sørensen position between male and female participants (p<.05). Deterioration was observed in participants’ OE static balance, indicating that OE static balance deterioration occurred again in the OE position. There was a statistically significant difference in co-fatigue values of abdominal muscles between the two groups.
{"title":"THE EFFECT OF TRUNK EXTENSORS AND ABDOMINAL MUSCLE FATIGUE ON STATIC AND DYNAMIC BALANCE","authors":"Gül Özsoy, H. Sözen, A. R. Soylu","doi":"10.52165/kinsi.28.3.136-153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52165/kinsi.28.3.136-153","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of static fatigue of trunk extensor and abdominal muscle groups on static and dynamic balance components. The study sample consisted of 40 healthy volunteers. Lumbar erector spinae, multifidus, and latissimus dorsi, external oblique, rectus abdominis and internal oblique muscles were measured on the dominant side. Dynamic and static balances were measured before and after the test protocol following EMG analysis. Pre-test and post-test static and dynamic balance scores showed that there was a statistically significant difference in OE (open-eyed) static balance values between the experimental and control groups (p<.01). There was a statistically significant difference in ATE (Average track error) scores between male and female participants (p<.05). There was a statistically significant difference in mean coordinated fatigue values of agonist and antagonist muscle groups in the Biering-Sørensen position between male and female participants (p<.05). Deterioration was observed in participants’ OE static balance, indicating that OE static balance deterioration occurred again in the OE position. There was a statistically significant difference in co-fatigue values of abdominal muscles between the two groups.","PeriodicalId":43206,"journal":{"name":"Kinesiologia Slovenica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48163831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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