Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.15388/litera.2022.64.1.4
D. Burba
The article explains what may have led to the appearance of one of the most famous and popular legend in Lithuanian culture about the love of the Queen of the Baltic Sea, Jūratė, and the mortal fisherman Kastytis, and looks at the history of its research. According to most scholars, the legend “Queen of the Baltic Sea” was created by Liudvikas Adomas Jucevičius (Ludwik Adam Jucewicz, 1813–1846), a Lithuanian writer, ethnographer, folklorist, historian and translator. The article examines the first reviews of the story and explains how the academic world came to the conclusion that this source is not authentic. It also investigates which sources may have influenced Jucevičius’ story, including mythological plots and the literary works by other authors.
这篇文章解释了立陶宛文化中关于波罗的海女王Jūratė和凡人渔夫Kastytis的爱情的最著名和最流行的传说之一的出现，并研究了它的研究历史。根据大多数学者的说法，“波罗的海女王”的传说是由立陶宛作家、民族志学家、民俗学家、历史学家和翻译家柳德维卡斯·阿多马斯·朱塞维 (Ludwik Adam Jucewicz, 1813-1846)创造的。本文考察了对这个故事的最初评论，并解释了学术界是如何得出这个来源不真实的结论的。它还调查了哪些来源可能影响了犹大的故事，包括神话情节和其他作者的文学作品。
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Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.15388/litera.2022.64.4.16
Violeta Katinienė
Travels and the longing for afar have been and still are the source of inspiration for many authors. This article analyses Bodo Kirchoff’s short story “Widerfahrnis” (“Encounter”), which belongs to the genre of travel literature and extends the literary tradition of German authors to choose the theme of travel to Italy in their work (Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Heinrich Heine, Thomas Mann, etc.). The short story raises the existential questions of longing for love, loneliness, confrontation with refugees, and moral and social aspects of relations with them. The article aims to reveal how the structures of experience described by the German phenomenologist Bernhard Waldenfels appear in the work of Bodo Kirchhoff. What happens to us does not happen without our involvement but goes beyond it. The experience begins not with the intentional gaze of the subject, but when someone (a stranger) touches us, encounters us, causes us to react and raises tension. Bernhard Waldenfels attributes the encounter to the realm of pathos, meaning to the realm of feelings. Response or the inevitable response to an encounter comes earlier than an understanding or an answer. Although the title of the short story is in the singular form, it reveals many encounters: a meeting of an older couple, a spontaneous trip to Italy, an encounter with a refugee girl and a refugee family, the birth of love and its loss.
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Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.15388/litera.2022.64.1.2
Paulius Jevsejevas
This article is a textual analysis of Vizijos (Visions), a cycle of poems by Vytautas Mačernis (1921–1944). The analysis focuses on enunciative meaning-making. The theory of enunciation (énonciation) originated in lingustics, as an inquiry into the speaking subject which, by an act of enunciation, appropriates the system of language. The introductory part of the article presents enunciative textual analysis as a modification of so-called standard greimasian textual semiotics. As a case in point, a textual analysis, by Algirdas Julien Greimas, of a poem by Marcelijus Martinaitis (“Ašara, dar tau anksti...”) is discussed, highlighting Greimas’ reluctance to discuss enunciative meaning-making. Next follows a brief discussion of an outline for inquiry into the formal apparatus of enunciation as proposed by Émile Benveniste. A model of dimensions of enunciative meaning-making that are relevant to a textual analysis of a lyric text is presented.The first part of the textual analysis is dedicated to the “Įžanga” (“Prelude”) of Visions. It is inferred that in terms of enunciative meaning-making the “Prelude” is distinct from the other parts of the work. It is argued that the “Prelude” does not live up to the standard set by those other parts. In order to demonstrate what that standard is, “Pirmoji” (“The First”) vision and excerpts of other parts are discussed. Throughout the demonstration, it is suggested that an inquiry into enunciative meaning-making leads to a different understanding of Visions than the one proposed in comprehensive studies by Virginija Balsevičiūtė-Šlekienė.
本文对维陶塔斯·马埃尔尼斯(1921-1944)的诗集《幻象》进行了文本分析。分析的重点是发音意义的形成。发音理论起源于语言学，是对说话主体通过发音行为占有语言系统的研究。文章的引言部分介绍了作为所谓标准格莱马西亚语篇符号学的修正的表述语篇分析。作为一个恰当的例子，本文讨论了Algirdas Julien Greimas对Marcelijus Martinaitis的一首诗(“Ašara, dar tau anksti…”)的文本分析，突出了Greimas不愿意讨论阐明意义的形成。接下来是对Émile Benveniste提出的发音的正式机构的研究大纲的简要讨论。提出了一种与抒情文本文本分析相关的表达意义构建维度模型。文本分析的第一部分专门用于“Įžanga”(“前奏”)的愿景。由此可以推断，《序曲》在表达意义上不同于作品的其他部分。有人认为，“序曲”没有达到其他部分设定的标准。为了证明这个标准是什么，我们讨论了“Pirmoji”(“The First”)的愿景和其他部分的摘录。在整个演示过程中，有人认为，对阐明意义的探究导致了对异象的不同理解，而不是弗吉尼亚Balsevičiūtė-Šlekienė在综合研究中提出的理解。
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Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.15388/litera.2022.1.7
Manfredas Žvirgždas
Balys Sruoga, Raštai, t. 17: Laiškai Vandai Daugirdaitei, kn. 1: 1919–1924, sudarė Algis Samulionis (1936–1994), Neringa Markevičienė, parengė Neringa Markevičienė, Vilnius: Lietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos institutas, 2021, 541 p.
Balys Sruoga, Writings, vol. 17: Letters to Vanda Daugirdaite, book 1: 1919-1924, compiled by Algis Samulionis (1936-1994), Neringa Markevičienė, compiled by Neringa Markevičienė, Vilnius: Institute of Lithuanian Literature and Folklore, 2021, 541 pp.
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Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.15388/litera.2022.64.1.5
Rimantas Kmita
The publication presents the correspondence between the poets Sigitas Geda (1943–2008) and Kornelijaus Platelis (b. 1951) in letters in 1977–1981. The publication was prepared with letters from that period found in the personal archives of Uršulė Gedaitė and Kornelijus Platelis. The 13 letters from the late 1970s and early 1980s show the moods of the stagnation years, the hesitations of people in culture, and the reflections on the meaning of creation in the atmosphere of Soviet stagnation. Compared to Geda‘s other known letters, those written to Platelis are characterised by a closer and more open relationship with the addressee. They contain the most important and quite intimate reflections on the creative process, as well as frank evaluations of colleagues‘ works, which differ from those we read in published reviews or journalism.
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Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.15388/litera.2022.64.3.5
Audronė Kučinskienė
There is no doubt that commonplaces, so called topoi, or loci, played a very important role both in the ancient rhetorical theory and in practice. They conform to the main part of invention in the rhetorical treatises, such as Rhetorica ad Herennium, Cicero’s De Inventione, Topica etc., and they enable an orator to develop his argument in any desirable direction (in utramque partem), and sometimes become the main tool of rhetorical strategy. In his Orator, Cicero claims, that an accomplished speaker, whom he tries to delineate as an ideal, will be perfectly familiar with commonplaces and be able to treat them critically and manipulate according to his purposes. In this paper, on the ground Cicero’s Verrine speeches, I shall analyze how the orator predicts his opponents’ topoi and presents them in a different light, and by criticizing or even by mocking them, he diminishes them in order to strengthen his own arguments. In some cases, e.g. in the Fifth Book of the Actio secunda in Verrem (Verr. 2.5), this becomes the main strategy of speech, and corresponds to the methods delineated in the Orator 49.
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Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.15388/litera.2022.64.4.12
Sara Bédard-Goulet
This article examines the vegetal agency taking place in the novel Western (2005) (Western: A Novel, translated by Betsy Wing in 2009) by contemporary French writer Christine Montalbetti. Building on the cinematographic performativity of the novel itself and on a materialist ecocritical approach, it studies the mobility of plants in this narrative to identify how the cinematographic transmediality contributes to engage the vegetal in the foreground. This analysis allows to feed the characterisation of cinematographic devices in the contemporary novel and to prolong the reflection on nonhuman agency and its presence in literature today.
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Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.15388/litera.2022.64.2.2
Павел Лавринец
The Russian press of interwar Wilno reflected Polish translations of the poetry of Alexander Blok and the opinions of Polish critics about the work of the Russian poet. These reflections were accompanied by publications with remarks about Blok’s influence on Polish poets. The study of articles and notes on such topics reveals the literary landmarks of the Wilno Russian environment, the mechanisms for the formation and strengthening of the literary reputation of the Russian poet. The research materials are extracted from the Wilno press in Russian in 1923–1934. The study showed that the Polish reception of Blok’s work helped to strengthen the literary reputation of the greatest Russian poet of the era.
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Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.15388/litera.2022.64.2.3
Dainius Genys
Fyodor Dostoevsky’s literary art has served for centuries as a source of inspiration for scholars of different disciplines, opening up inexhaustible avenues of insight into human existence. The symbolic subtext of the article is an attempt to apply sociological imagination to the review of a literatural masterpiece, reconstructing and conceptualizing the author’s attitudes towards modernization. The academic intrigue stems from the question – how does modernization define a person and how does a person feel in a new society? Dostoevsky’s prominent conflict between the underground man and the social determinants that oppress him is conceptualized from sociological point of view. Through systematic and comparative analysis, the article also highlights Dostoevsky’s attitude to modernization, which is discussed in the broader context of ideas in E. Durkheim’s, Z. Bauman’s, V. Kavolis’s, Ch. Taylor’s, R. Inglehart’s, A. Giddens’s, etc. works.
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Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.15388/litera.2022.64.2.5
Роман Тименчик
Elaborating literary scholar Boris Tomashevsky’s actionable metaphor “schools” of readers, this historical study picks up seven ‘graduates’ from the depth of poet Nikolai Gumilev’s followers.
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