Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.22883/KJDA.2020.32.1.008
Yi-Ming Yu, Wen-Cheng Fu, Li-Wei Lin, Chien-An Ke
This study investigated the psychological effects of the long-term military intimidation imposed by the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) on the Taiwanese public. Online texts dating between 2016 and 2018 were mined and Russell’s (1980) semantic analysis was used to analyze the online discussions among the Taiwanese public regarding the PLA vessels and aircraft patrolling around Taiwan. The results showed that the PLA’s long-term encirclement patrols have generated numbness among the Taiwanese public. With regard to the Taiwanese government’s policy of disclosing information about such military encirclement patrols, the effects of proliferating this information were not significant, but have led to an increased sense of fear among the public. These findings suggest that the effects of the PLA’s encirclement patrols around Taiwan are not determined by the PLA, but by the Taiwanese government’s policies regarding the disclosure of relevant information on encirclement patrols.
{"title":"Deterrence or Numbness? Insights into the Psychological Effects of the Encirclement Patrols Conducted by People’s Liberation Army Vessels and Aircraft around Taiwan","authors":"Yi-Ming Yu, Wen-Cheng Fu, Li-Wei Lin, Chien-An Ke","doi":"10.22883/KJDA.2020.32.1.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22883/KJDA.2020.32.1.008","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the psychological effects of the long-term military intimidation imposed by the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) on the Taiwanese public. Online texts dating between 2016 and 2018 were mined and Russell’s (1980) semantic analysis was used to analyze the online discussions among the Taiwanese public regarding the PLA vessels and aircraft patrolling around Taiwan. The results showed that the PLA’s long-term encirclement patrols have generated numbness among the Taiwanese public. With regard to the Taiwanese government’s policy of disclosing information about such military encirclement patrols, the effects of proliferating this information were not significant, but have led to an increased sense of fear among the public. These findings suggest that the effects of the PLA’s encirclement patrols around Taiwan are not determined by the PLA, but by the Taiwanese government’s policies regarding the disclosure of relevant information on encirclement patrols.","PeriodicalId":43274,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Defense Analysis","volume":"32 1","pages":"141-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68342850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.22883/KJDA.2020.32.2.004
Mason Richey, Jangho Kim
This article examines the strategic implications of North Korea as a nuclear state, and outlines why the default setting of a nuclear Korean Peninsula is instability, thereby also showing why this is not simply a U.S.-North Korea or North-South peninsular issue when it comes to preventing conflict escalation. Indeed, it is not only a regional issue involving China, Japan, and Russia, but a global issue warranting a world-wide effort at resolution. An understudied aspect of a nuclear North Korea and its geo-strategic implications is the way in which Europe is affected. As a norm-maker, as well as a party with critical stakes in maintaining a liberal global order, European states, the EU, and NATO have geopolitical interests in the nonproliferation of nuclear weapons, particularly vis-a-vis dictatorial regimes such as North Korea. In light of this, this article argues that Europe’s policy-makers should (a) continue to devote major diplomatic resources (including naming a Special Representative for North Korea) to the effort to keep Korean Peninsula diplomacy alive, and (b), regardless of the success or failure of Korean Peninsula diplomacy, prepare to contribute to deterrence and containment efforts in concert with the international community. Whether through diplomacy or deterrence, Europe must become more pro-active if it hopes to enjoy peninsular peace dividends.
{"title":"Strategic Implications of a Nuclear North Korea: Europe’s Dual Role in Diplomacy and Deterrence","authors":"Mason Richey, Jangho Kim","doi":"10.22883/KJDA.2020.32.2.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22883/KJDA.2020.32.2.004","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the strategic implications of North Korea as a nuclear state, and outlines why the default setting of a nuclear Korean Peninsula is instability, thereby also showing why this is not simply a U.S.-North Korea or North-South peninsular issue when it comes to preventing conflict escalation. Indeed, it is not only a regional issue involving China, Japan, and Russia, but a global issue warranting a world-wide effort at resolution. An understudied aspect of a nuclear North Korea and its geo-strategic implications is the way in which Europe is affected. As a norm-maker, as well as a party with critical stakes in maintaining a liberal global order, European states, the EU, and NATO have geopolitical interests in the nonproliferation of nuclear weapons, particularly vis-a-vis dictatorial regimes such as North Korea. In light of this, this article argues that Europe’s policy-makers should (a) continue to devote major diplomatic resources (including naming a Special Representative for North Korea) to the effort to keep Korean Peninsula diplomacy alive, and (b), regardless of the success or failure of Korean Peninsula diplomacy, prepare to contribute to deterrence and containment efforts in concert with the international community. Whether through diplomacy or deterrence, Europe must become more pro-active if it hopes to enjoy peninsular peace dividends.","PeriodicalId":43274,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Defense Analysis","volume":"32 1","pages":"231-252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68343001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.22883/KJDA.2020.32.2.007
Kim Min-hyung
{"title":"If Not Maximum Pressure, Then What? Explaining North Korea’s Sudden Turn to Diplomacy and Its Implications for the U.S.–North Korea Nuclear Negotiations","authors":"Kim Min-hyung","doi":"10.22883/KJDA.2020.32.2.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22883/KJDA.2020.32.2.007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43274,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Defense Analysis","volume":"32 1","pages":"293-310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68343096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.22883/KJDA.2020.32.2.008
Jong-soo Han
Most quantitative studies about maritime claims use national power measured by gross indicators, such as the CINC score, to explain disputants’ foreign policy leverage over maritime claims. The basic assumption in using national power to analyze issues over maritime claims is that wealthier, more developed, more populous countries can transfer abundant resources into military potentials, which enables them to have stronger foreign policy leverage over maritime claims. This research does not attempt to deny this assumption. This study, however, argues that based on the inherent advantages of naval power to project power over the sea, naval power measured by the total tonnage of warships is theoretically better and empirically different from national power, and the usage of naval power enhances understanding about disputants’ foreign policy behaviors over maritime claims. Therefore, I conclude that naval power rather than national power is a better and more tailored indicator to explain issues, especially the occurrence of militarized disputes over maritime claims.
{"title":"A Vanguard of Foreign Policy over Maritime Claims: Naval Power rather than National Power","authors":"Jong-soo Han","doi":"10.22883/KJDA.2020.32.2.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22883/KJDA.2020.32.2.008","url":null,"abstract":"Most quantitative studies about maritime claims use national power measured by gross indicators, such as the CINC score, to explain disputants’ foreign policy leverage over maritime claims. The basic assumption in using national power to analyze issues over maritime claims is that wealthier, more developed, more populous countries can transfer abundant resources into military potentials, which enables them to have stronger foreign policy leverage over maritime claims. This research does not attempt to deny this assumption. This study, however, argues that based on the inherent advantages of naval power to project power over the sea, naval power measured by the total tonnage of warships is theoretically better and empirically different from national power, and the usage of naval power enhances understanding about disputants’ foreign policy behaviors over maritime claims. Therefore, I conclude that naval power rather than national power is a better and more tailored indicator to explain issues, especially the occurrence of militarized disputes over maritime claims.","PeriodicalId":43274,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Defense Analysis","volume":"32 1","pages":"311-329"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68343109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.22883/KJDA.2020.32.3.007
Hon-min Yau
In 2019, the Tsai Ing-wen administration in Taiwan successfully amended the National Security Act as a protective measure against threats in cyberspace. However, Taiwan has perceived itself under China’s cyber-attacks since 1999, yet it is only the Tsai administration that was able to mobilize substantial resources to counter this threat. To understand what has been different in her endeavor, this paper investigated this historical development in the discourse of Taiwan’s cyber security via the analytical framework of securitization. It argues that the improvement of Taiwan’s cyber posture under Tsai is not due to the previous administrations’ ignorance of cyber threats but is due to the unique context that enables discursive practices of knowledge production during the Tsai administration to deliver a more convincing claim. The investigation further provides cautious notes on the potential adverse effect of this securitization.
{"title":"Framing Cyber Security in Taiwan: A Perspective of Discursive Knowledge Production","authors":"Hon-min Yau","doi":"10.22883/KJDA.2020.32.3.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22883/KJDA.2020.32.3.007","url":null,"abstract":"In 2019, the Tsai Ing-wen administration in Taiwan successfully amended the National Security Act as a protective measure against threats in cyberspace. However, Taiwan has perceived itself under China’s cyber-attacks since 1999, yet it is only the Tsai administration that was able to mobilize substantial resources to counter this threat. To understand what has been different in her endeavor, this paper investigated this historical development in the discourse of Taiwan’s cyber security via the analytical framework of securitization. It argues that the improvement of Taiwan’s cyber posture under Tsai is not due to the previous administrations’ ignorance of cyber threats but is due to the unique context that enables discursive practices of knowledge production during the Tsai administration to deliver a more convincing claim. The investigation further provides cautious notes on the potential adverse effect of this securitization.","PeriodicalId":43274,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Defense Analysis","volume":"32 1","pages":"457-474"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68342874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.22883/KJDA.2020.32.2.001
E. Tan, Jae Jeok Park, Tomohiko Satake
Increasing acrimony in U.S.-China relations poses a challenge for states in the Asia-Pacific region, particularly those that have, whilst benefiting from the U.S. role in underwriting regional security, wish to avoid straining relations with China. In dealing with this challenge, the ROK, Japan and Singapore have blended “minilateralism” alongside hedging strategies. Japan’s approach has combined maintenance of its security ties to the United States, whilst simultaneously increasing security cooperation with other powers in the region. The ROK has positioned itself strategically within the U.S. alliance network in the Asia-Pacific, whilst distancing itself from full security cooperation with Japan, in order to reassure China. Singapore faces additional difficulty due to its small size, and has focused on mobilizing its “convening” power to highlight its own relevance to the interests of the international community, whilst simultaneously increasing security cooperation with the UK and Australia as alternative partners.
{"title":"Security Hedging Strategies of U.S. Allies and Partners in the Era of Trump: The ROK, Japan and Singapore as Case Studies","authors":"E. Tan, Jae Jeok Park, Tomohiko Satake","doi":"10.22883/KJDA.2020.32.2.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22883/KJDA.2020.32.2.001","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing acrimony in U.S.-China relations poses a challenge for states in the Asia-Pacific region, particularly those that have, whilst benefiting from the U.S. role in underwriting regional security, wish to avoid straining relations with China. In dealing with this challenge, the ROK, Japan and Singapore have blended “minilateralism” alongside hedging strategies. Japan’s approach has combined maintenance of its security ties to the United States, whilst simultaneously increasing security cooperation with other powers in the region. The ROK has positioned itself strategically within the U.S. alliance network in the Asia-Pacific, whilst distancing itself from full security cooperation with Japan, in order to reassure China. Singapore faces additional difficulty due to its small size, and has focused on mobilizing its “convening” power to highlight its own relevance to the interests of the international community, whilst simultaneously increasing security cooperation with the UK and Australia as alternative partners.","PeriodicalId":43274,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Defense Analysis","volume":"32 1","pages":"163-184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68342905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.22883/KJDA.2020.32.2.006
Jaewook Chung
{"title":"How to Resolve the North Korean Nuclear Issue: From a Commitment Problem Perspective","authors":"Jaewook Chung","doi":"10.22883/KJDA.2020.32.2.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22883/KJDA.2020.32.2.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43274,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Defense Analysis","volume":"32 1","pages":"271-292"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68343047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.22883/KJDA.2020.32.3.001
Huizhi Zhang, Xiaotong Zhang
{"title":"Trump Administration’s Korean Nuclear Crisis Management and Prospects for Solution","authors":"Huizhi Zhang, Xiaotong Zhang","doi":"10.22883/KJDA.2020.32.3.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22883/KJDA.2020.32.3.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43274,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Defense Analysis","volume":"32 1","pages":"331-349"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68343140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.22883/KJDA.2020.32.3.002
Suk-joon Yoon, Yun, Junho
{"title":"From Confrontation to Conflict between China and Taiwan: Major Challenges for Taiwan’s Counter Strategy","authors":"Suk-joon Yoon, Yun, Junho","doi":"10.22883/KJDA.2020.32.3.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22883/KJDA.2020.32.3.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43274,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Defense Analysis","volume":"2020 1","pages":"351-370"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68342677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.22883/KJDA.2020.32.3.005
R. K. Dhawan
China’s “Belt and Road Initiative” (BRI) is being projected as one of the biggest infrastructure and connectivity projects of the 21st century. This Chinese mega project has evoked varied responses from the Asian nations. South Korea (hereafter Korea) which is the fourth biggest economy in Asia and an important trade partner of India has been supportive of the BRI, as this strategy is compatible with Seoul’s own vision of increased connectivity with the Eurasian market, capital, labor and resources, and is conducive to the promotion of Korean national reunification. On the other hand, India has been opposed to the BRI as it overlooks New Delhi’s sovereignty concerns and serves China’s geopolitical interests. Also, India has been supporting the “Indo-Pacific strategy” along with the United States, Japan and Australia to counter China’s rising hegemony in the region. As a result, Korea and India have different views on the BRI. This article aims to conduct an analysis of Korea’s policy towards China’s BRI which could have detrimental implications for India and argues that there is a need to take some serious measures to improve Korea-India relations in the coming times.
{"title":"South Korea’s Policy towards China’s “Belt and Road Initiative”: Implications for India","authors":"R. K. Dhawan","doi":"10.22883/KJDA.2020.32.3.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22883/KJDA.2020.32.3.005","url":null,"abstract":"China’s “Belt and Road Initiative” (BRI) is being projected as one of the biggest infrastructure and connectivity projects of the 21st century. This Chinese mega project has evoked varied responses from the Asian nations. South Korea (hereafter Korea) which is the fourth biggest economy in Asia and an important trade partner of India has been supportive of the BRI, as this strategy is compatible with Seoul’s own vision of increased connectivity with the Eurasian market, capital, labor and resources, and is conducive to the promotion of Korean national reunification. On the other hand, India has been opposed to the BRI as it overlooks New Delhi’s sovereignty concerns and serves China’s geopolitical interests. Also, India has been supporting the “Indo-Pacific strategy” along with the United States, Japan and Australia to counter China’s rising hegemony in the region. As a result, Korea and India have different views on the BRI. This article aims to conduct an analysis of Korea’s policy towards China’s BRI which could have detrimental implications for India and argues that there is a need to take some serious measures to improve Korea-India relations in the coming times.","PeriodicalId":43274,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Defense Analysis","volume":"32 1","pages":"419-435"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68342738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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