Pub Date : 2022-08-05DOI: 10.1080/08905495.2022.2105105
Daniel Sipe
ABSTRACT In this era of Pizzagate, QAnon, and “Stop the Steal,” where has utopian thinking gone? The historical analysis that I propose to undertake here will suggest that our current state of affairs (and its concomitant anxieties) are, at least in part, an outgrowth of the historical developments that saw utopia and its anticipatory fictions mostly driven from the political arena. In their place, there has emerged a dark ecosystem of dystopias wrought of conspiracy – stories posing as anti-fictions that function by instrumentalizing the ambiguities of the past to weave a nightmarish version of our “real reality.” To begin to understand how dystopia and its narrative forms have come to permeate the political arena, we might return to mid-nineteenth-century France, where a comparable climate existed that can serve as a sounding board for our troubling times. In this essay, I show how there emerged a movement that so thoroughly enmeshed its political aspirations with fictional praxis that the two became wholly indistinguishable. They were the Icarians and their fantasy, long before QAnon and 8kun, is that of our political modernity. In examining the cultural war that erupted with Icarians’ intriguing embrace Etienne Cabet’s 1840 utopian novel, Voyage en Icarie, we might hope to gain critical perspective on our own political moment.
在这个披萨门、QAnon和“停止偷窃”的时代，乌托邦思想去了哪里?我在这里提出的历史分析将表明，我们目前的事态(以及随之而来的焦虑)至少在一定程度上是历史发展的产物，在这种发展中，乌托邦及其预期的小说大多被赶出了政治舞台。取而代之的是一个由阴谋构成的黑暗反乌托邦生态系统——以反小说的形式出现的故事，通过利用过去的模糊性来编织我们“真实现实”的噩梦版本。要开始理解反乌托邦及其叙事形式是如何渗透到政治舞台上的，我们可能要回到19世纪中期的法国，那里有一种类似的氛围，可以作为我们这个动荡时代的一个声音板。在这篇文章中，我展示了一场运动是如何出现的，它将政治抱负与虚构的实践彻底地纠缠在一起，以至于两者变得完全无法区分。他们是伊卡利亚人，他们的幻想，远在QAnon和8kun之前，就是我们政治现代性的幻想。艾蒂安·卡贝特(Etienne Cabet) 1840年的乌托邦小说《伊卡里亚之旅》(Voyage en Icarie)吸引了伊卡里亚人，在审视这场文化战争时，我们或许希望对我们自己的政治时刻获得批判性的视角。
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Pub Date : 2022-08-04DOI: 10.1080/08905495.2022.2107003
Dominic Janes
South Africa and Sol Plaatje’s Native Life in South Africa (1916), which uses Oliver Goldsmith’s The Deserted Village to mobilize sympathy from the British public for the plight of his African compatriots, and Māori writer Rēweti Kōhere’s use of Byron and Thomas Babington Macaulay in his diplomatic texts from the 1910s to the 1940s. In the conclusion, Hessell turns to contemporary Pasifika women poets such as the Samoan writer Sia Figiel, who engage especially with William Wordsworth in their diplomatic works. In these instances, Romanticism has become a cultural and historical text rather than a contemporary context to be responded to, but these chapters offer a suggestive paradigm for considering Indigenous interpretive acts. Hessell successfully challenges notions of genre and periodization in this work, and more importantly expands the possibilities for how we write about and teach eighteenthand nineteenth-century literature. Its global focus makes unexpected connections across time and space. This is a great model for scholarship in this moment of crisis in the humanities. Perhaps, for those invested in traditional periodization of fields of knowledge, the way forward is this kind of expansive and generative approach that attends to both elements of the so-called canon and the voices marginalized and displaced by it. As Hessell suggests, Indigenous people quoted Romantic poetry because Europeans placed so much value on it, and in doing so they asked for “respect and oneness with the land, solidarity with the oppressed, and a fairer and more just world” (20). This sounds like a defense of a humanities worth saving.
{"title":"Strange gods: love and idolatry in the Victorian Novel","authors":"Dominic Janes","doi":"10.1080/08905495.2022.2107003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08905495.2022.2107003","url":null,"abstract":"South Africa and Sol Plaatje’s Native Life in South Africa (1916), which uses Oliver Goldsmith’s The Deserted Village to mobilize sympathy from the British public for the plight of his African compatriots, and Māori writer Rēweti Kōhere’s use of Byron and Thomas Babington Macaulay in his diplomatic texts from the 1910s to the 1940s. In the conclusion, Hessell turns to contemporary Pasifika women poets such as the Samoan writer Sia Figiel, who engage especially with William Wordsworth in their diplomatic works. In these instances, Romanticism has become a cultural and historical text rather than a contemporary context to be responded to, but these chapters offer a suggestive paradigm for considering Indigenous interpretive acts. Hessell successfully challenges notions of genre and periodization in this work, and more importantly expands the possibilities for how we write about and teach eighteenthand nineteenth-century literature. Its global focus makes unexpected connections across time and space. This is a great model for scholarship in this moment of crisis in the humanities. Perhaps, for those invested in traditional periodization of fields of knowledge, the way forward is this kind of expansive and generative approach that attends to both elements of the so-called canon and the voices marginalized and displaced by it. As Hessell suggests, Indigenous people quoted Romantic poetry because Europeans placed so much value on it, and in doing so they asked for “respect and oneness with the land, solidarity with the oppressed, and a fairer and more just world” (20). This sounds like a defense of a humanities worth saving.","PeriodicalId":43278,"journal":{"name":"Nineteenth-Century Contexts-An Interdisciplinary Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47351840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-04DOI: 10.1080/08905495.2022.2107007
N. Hultgren
{"title":"Making pictorial print: media literacy and mass culture in British magazines, 1885-1918","authors":"N. Hultgren","doi":"10.1080/08905495.2022.2107007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08905495.2022.2107007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43278,"journal":{"name":"Nineteenth-Century Contexts-An Interdisciplinary Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45258805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-04DOI: 10.1080/08905495.2022.2107000
Andrew Ross
{"title":"Nineteenth-century American literature and the discourse of natural history","authors":"Andrew Ross","doi":"10.1080/08905495.2022.2107000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08905495.2022.2107000","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43278,"journal":{"name":"Nineteenth-Century Contexts-An Interdisciplinary Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43327152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.1080/08905495.2022.2105627
Alicja Rybkowska
a chain to which we belong, and we are again abandoned to our woe. Most men are at standpoint, objectivity, i.e. be knowledge the will. most beautiful surroundings have them a desolate, dark, strange, and hostile appearance.
{"title":"The pleasure of everything beautiful: Arthur Schopenhauer’s concept of genius and the art of the avant-garde","authors":"Alicja Rybkowska","doi":"10.1080/08905495.2022.2105627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08905495.2022.2105627","url":null,"abstract":"a chain to which we belong, and we are again abandoned to our woe. Most men are at standpoint, objectivity, i.e. be knowledge the will. most beautiful surroundings have them a desolate, dark, strange, and hostile appearance.","PeriodicalId":43278,"journal":{"name":"Nineteenth-Century Contexts-An Interdisciplinary Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44150489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-26DOI: 10.1080/08905495.2022.2104112
Hosanna Krienke
ABSTRACT Nineteenth-century discourses on suicide lamented vast systemic causes for self-killing – ranging from supposedly racial predispositions to the ennui of modernity to a culture-wide breakdown of education. Yet in tension with authorities’ overwrought conjectures about the sources of suicidal desire, the British Army in India devised an effective deterrent that bypassed motives altogether: removing ammunition from off-duty soldiers’ kit, statistics showed, decreased incidence of both suicide and murder. Rudyard Kipling’s short stories about suicidal ideation grapple with this paradox. While evoking a whole host of racial, climactic, and societal causes for soldiers’ suicidal impulses, the stories counterbalance such seemingly inescapable forces with canny bystanders who view suicidal actions as avoidable and thus step in to foil the man’s plan. Previous scholars have argued that imperial suicides enacted a fantasy of self-determination in Victorian culture, yet Kipling echoes contemporary military statistics by depicting the suicidal act as a mere accident, a preventable tragedy. Kipling’s stories acknowledge that the everyday work of empire fell to a population of men who were vulnerable to seemingly thoughtless acts of self-destruction. Yet, strangely enough, the apparent vulnerabilities of imperial masculinity in these texts are shorn up by a soldierly community who intervene precisely because they admit they have, at times, felt the same way.
{"title":"“Most naturil causes”: Rudyard Kipling and the suicidal soldier","authors":"Hosanna Krienke","doi":"10.1080/08905495.2022.2104112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08905495.2022.2104112","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Nineteenth-century discourses on suicide lamented vast systemic causes for self-killing – ranging from supposedly racial predispositions to the ennui of modernity to a culture-wide breakdown of education. Yet in tension with authorities’ overwrought conjectures about the sources of suicidal desire, the British Army in India devised an effective deterrent that bypassed motives altogether: removing ammunition from off-duty soldiers’ kit, statistics showed, decreased incidence of both suicide and murder. Rudyard Kipling’s short stories about suicidal ideation grapple with this paradox. While evoking a whole host of racial, climactic, and societal causes for soldiers’ suicidal impulses, the stories counterbalance such seemingly inescapable forces with canny bystanders who view suicidal actions as avoidable and thus step in to foil the man’s plan. Previous scholars have argued that imperial suicides enacted a fantasy of self-determination in Victorian culture, yet Kipling echoes contemporary military statistics by depicting the suicidal act as a mere accident, a preventable tragedy. Kipling’s stories acknowledge that the everyday work of empire fell to a population of men who were vulnerable to seemingly thoughtless acts of self-destruction. Yet, strangely enough, the apparent vulnerabilities of imperial masculinity in these texts are shorn up by a soldierly community who intervene precisely because they admit they have, at times, felt the same way.","PeriodicalId":43278,"journal":{"name":"Nineteenth-Century Contexts-An Interdisciplinary Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45522500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-27DOI: 10.1080/08905495.2022.2084677
Adam Grener
Erin Austin Dwyer is an associate professor of History at Oakland University, specializing in the history of slavery and the Civil War. She received her Ph.D. in American Studies at Harvard University. Her first monograph, Mastering Emotions: The Embotional Politics of Slavery, was published by University of Pennsylvania Press in October 2021. Dwyer is currently working on a book about poison, slavery, and emotions in the Atlantic World.
{"title":"Victorian contingencies: experiments in literature, science, and play","authors":"Adam Grener","doi":"10.1080/08905495.2022.2084677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08905495.2022.2084677","url":null,"abstract":"Erin Austin Dwyer is an associate professor of History at Oakland University, specializing in the history of slavery and the Civil War. She received her Ph.D. in American Studies at Harvard University. Her first monograph, Mastering Emotions: The Embotional Politics of Slavery, was published by University of Pennsylvania Press in October 2021. Dwyer is currently working on a book about poison, slavery, and emotions in the Atlantic World.","PeriodicalId":43278,"journal":{"name":"Nineteenth-Century Contexts-An Interdisciplinary Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45951268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-27DOI: 10.1080/08905495.2022.2084960
Christopher M. Keirstead
We arrived last night, & have taken rooms in this hotel, near the Tuileries, for a week at least, and are throwing out “ feelers ” to feel out the best sea-place, in order to compass my “ sea-change Into something rich & strange. ” 1
{"title":"Sea changes: reimagining the coast in EBB from “A Sea-Side Meditation” to “The Runaway Slave at Pilgrim’s Point”","authors":"Christopher M. Keirstead","doi":"10.1080/08905495.2022.2084960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08905495.2022.2084960","url":null,"abstract":"We arrived last night, & have taken rooms in this hotel, near the Tuileries, for a week at least, and are throwing out “ feelers ” to feel out the best sea-place, in order to compass my “ sea-change Into something rich & strange. ” 1","PeriodicalId":43278,"journal":{"name":"Nineteenth-Century Contexts-An Interdisciplinary Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47798111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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