Pub Date : 2021-09-03DOI: 10.2979/histmemo.33.2.02
M. Rendle, Anna Lively
Abstract:The Russian state’s commemoration of the centenary of the Russian Revolution was not marked by any national events and there were few official pronouncements. Yet this article argues that the Kremlin did not simply avoid the centenary but drew several important “lessons” from 1917, from the violence and tragedy of revolution to the importance of unity for future prosperity. While these “lessons” did not constitute a single official line, they did provide an overall framing for debates on the centenary and were echoed to varying degrees in conferences, newspapers, exhibitions, television and online projects at national and regional levels.
{"title":"The Antirevolutionary Commemoration: The Centenary of 1917 in Russia","authors":"M. Rendle, Anna Lively","doi":"10.2979/histmemo.33.2.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/histmemo.33.2.02","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The Russian state’s commemoration of the centenary of the Russian Revolution was not marked by any national events and there were few official pronouncements. Yet this article argues that the Kremlin did not simply avoid the centenary but drew several important “lessons” from 1917, from the violence and tragedy of revolution to the importance of unity for future prosperity. While these “lessons” did not constitute a single official line, they did provide an overall framing for debates on the centenary and were echoed to varying degrees in conferences, newspapers, exhibitions, television and online projects at national and regional levels.","PeriodicalId":43327,"journal":{"name":"History & Memory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89227792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-03DOI: 10.2979/histmemo.33.2.04
Vasco Martins
Abstract:This article explores the political uses of the memory of the Angolan liberation war. It argues that the MPLA’s rise to power in post-independence Angola led to the formation of an official state narrative based upon this movement’s own memory, which gradually developed a script that follows specific rules. The article explores the politicization of the history of the Angolan liberation struggle by comparing official memories with the countermemories presented by other liberation movements to ascertain narrative boundaries. It then examines the shifts and nuances, or what I term gradations of memory, that can be discerned in the narratives offered by a number of prominent MPLA figures later in their lives, which deviate to a certain extent from the “liberation script” supported by the state.
{"title":"Hegemony, Resistance and Gradations of Memory: The Politics of Remembering Angola’s Liberation Struggle","authors":"Vasco Martins","doi":"10.2979/histmemo.33.2.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/histmemo.33.2.04","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article explores the political uses of the memory of the Angolan liberation war. It argues that the MPLA’s rise to power in post-independence Angola led to the formation of an official state narrative based upon this movement’s own memory, which gradually developed a script that follows specific rules. The article explores the politicization of the history of the Angolan liberation struggle by comparing official memories with the countermemories presented by other liberation movements to ascertain narrative boundaries. It then examines the shifts and nuances, or what I term gradations of memory, that can be discerned in the narratives offered by a number of prominent MPLA figures later in their lives, which deviate to a certain extent from the “liberation script” supported by the state.","PeriodicalId":43327,"journal":{"name":"History & Memory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85941708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-03DOI: 10.2979/histmemo.33.2.06
M. Reingold
Abstract:This article considers how Marianne Hirsch’s concept of postmemory is applicable to the grandchildren of Holocaust survivors by analyzing two graphic novels: Rutu Modan’s The Property and Amy Kurzweil’s Flying Couch. Postmemory emerged as a theory for understanding how traumatic memories become inherited by survivors’ children. Both texts show that while the children of the survivors are burdened by their parents’ memories, this is not the case for the grandchildren. Instead, it is only in the third generation that postmemories are liberated from being exclusively memories of trauma, and as a result, new approaches to the Holocaust emerge.
{"title":"On the Limits of Trauma: Postmemories in the Third-Generation Holocaust Graphic Novels Flying Couch and The Property","authors":"M. Reingold","doi":"10.2979/histmemo.33.2.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/histmemo.33.2.06","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article considers how Marianne Hirsch’s concept of postmemory is applicable to the grandchildren of Holocaust survivors by analyzing two graphic novels: Rutu Modan’s The Property and Amy Kurzweil’s Flying Couch. Postmemory emerged as a theory for understanding how traumatic memories become inherited by survivors’ children. Both texts show that while the children of the survivors are burdened by their parents’ memories, this is not the case for the grandchildren. Instead, it is only in the third generation that postmemories are liberated from being exclusively memories of trauma, and as a result, new approaches to the Holocaust emerge.","PeriodicalId":43327,"journal":{"name":"History & Memory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83650284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-04DOI: 10.2979/HISTMEMO.33.1.05
M. Ghilarducci
Abstract:The article investigates Artur Klinau's Little Guidebook to the Sun City in the light of Belarus's political and cultural context. It considers the book as a stratification of three narrative layers: an autobiographical selective remembrance, a nationalist counternarrative that mythologizes places of memory of the pre-Soviet era and constructs the (illusory) idea of a Belarusian historical continuum rooted in central European traditions, and a visualization of Minsk as a hybrid and rhizomatic city. As I argue, the contradictions and tensions characterizing this multilayered structure reflect the aporia of the antagonistic and hegemonic battles over "Belarusianness" and collective and historical memory in post-Soviet Belarus.
{"title":"(Re)Imagining the Capital of the Nation: Artur Klinau's Little Guidebook to the Sun City","authors":"M. Ghilarducci","doi":"10.2979/HISTMEMO.33.1.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/HISTMEMO.33.1.05","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The article investigates Artur Klinau's Little Guidebook to the Sun City in the light of Belarus's political and cultural context. It considers the book as a stratification of three narrative layers: an autobiographical selective remembrance, a nationalist counternarrative that mythologizes places of memory of the pre-Soviet era and constructs the (illusory) idea of a Belarusian historical continuum rooted in central European traditions, and a visualization of Minsk as a hybrid and rhizomatic city. As I argue, the contradictions and tensions characterizing this multilayered structure reflect the aporia of the antagonistic and hegemonic battles over \"Belarusianness\" and collective and historical memory in post-Soviet Belarus.","PeriodicalId":43327,"journal":{"name":"History & Memory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78381685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-04DOI: 10.2979/HISTMEMO.33.1.02
Robert J. Cook
Abstract:The American Civil War represents an unusual case of the victors ultimately failing to write their story into the history books. Although triumphant Unionists initially constructed a robust and purposeful narrative of the southern "rebellion," their efforts to sustain it were thwarted by the emergence of a sentimental brothers' war tale that excised the active role played by African Americans in the defense of the republic. This article probes the contribution of Federal veterans to the dissemination and demise of the Union cause in American memory, attributing their complicity in its downfall less to racism than to their pride in the United States' rapid rise to great power status.
{"title":"\"Hollow Victory\": Federal Veterans, Racial Justice and the Eclipse of the Union Cause in American Memory","authors":"Robert J. Cook","doi":"10.2979/HISTMEMO.33.1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/HISTMEMO.33.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The American Civil War represents an unusual case of the victors ultimately failing to write their story into the history books. Although triumphant Unionists initially constructed a robust and purposeful narrative of the southern \"rebellion,\" their efforts to sustain it were thwarted by the emergence of a sentimental brothers' war tale that excised the active role played by African Americans in the defense of the republic. This article probes the contribution of Federal veterans to the dissemination and demise of the Union cause in American memory, attributing their complicity in its downfall less to racism than to their pride in the United States' rapid rise to great power status.","PeriodicalId":43327,"journal":{"name":"History & Memory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78656909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-04DOI: 10.2979/HISTMEMO.33.1.03
Helle Jørgensen
Abstract:This article examines the afterlives of Indo-French colonial connections as they are expressed in postcolonial cultural practices surrounding Puducherry's memorial for World War I and subsequent French wars. Tracing the shifting web of memory and meanings woven around the monument across different contexts of local, national and transnational post/colonial memoryscapes, it demonstrates how this colonial heritage and the associated commemorative practices are used to negotiate and reconfigure postcolonial relations. It argues that this ambiguous site of remembrance gives rise to a multidirectionality of memory, which in many ways both resists and spans the dichotomy between the colonial and the postcolonial.
{"title":"A Post/Colonial Lieu de mémoire in India: Commemorative Practices Surrounding Puducherry's French War Memorial","authors":"Helle Jørgensen","doi":"10.2979/HISTMEMO.33.1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/HISTMEMO.33.1.03","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article examines the afterlives of Indo-French colonial connections as they are expressed in postcolonial cultural practices surrounding Puducherry's memorial for World War I and subsequent French wars. Tracing the shifting web of memory and meanings woven around the monument across different contexts of local, national and transnational post/colonial memoryscapes, it demonstrates how this colonial heritage and the associated commemorative practices are used to negotiate and reconfigure postcolonial relations. It argues that this ambiguous site of remembrance gives rise to a multidirectionality of memory, which in many ways both resists and spans the dichotomy between the colonial and the postcolonial.","PeriodicalId":43327,"journal":{"name":"History & Memory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88974795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-04DOI: 10.2979/HISTMEMO.33.1.04
S. Stach
Abstract:Historical-themed guided tours are a basic format of the touristic storytelling industry. By understanding them as spatially bound rituals of collective gazing in which images of the past are drawn collaboratively by the guide and the tourists, this article argues that guided tours provide a lens through which to examine the making of history. Focusing on commercial communism tours in Warsaw, Prague and Bratislava, the article shows that the promise to bodily experience the communist past via immersion enables ludic performances that can both strengthen and unsettle historical images. As a paradoxical result, communism tours evoke both nostalgia for a simple, easily understandable world and a negative image of an unwanted, difficult past.
{"title":"Tracing the Communist Past: Toward a Performative Approach to Memory in Tourism","authors":"S. Stach","doi":"10.2979/HISTMEMO.33.1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/HISTMEMO.33.1.04","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Historical-themed guided tours are a basic format of the touristic storytelling industry. By understanding them as spatially bound rituals of collective gazing in which images of the past are drawn collaboratively by the guide and the tourists, this article argues that guided tours provide a lens through which to examine the making of history. Focusing on commercial communism tours in Warsaw, Prague and Bratislava, the article shows that the promise to bodily experience the communist past via immersion enables ludic performances that can both strengthen and unsettle historical images. As a paradoxical result, communism tours evoke both nostalgia for a simple, easily understandable world and a negative image of an unwanted, difficult past.","PeriodicalId":43327,"journal":{"name":"History & Memory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81489052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-04DOI: 10.2979/HISTMEMO.33.1.06
David Rodríguez-Solás
Abstract:This article studies how independent theater in 1970s Spain challenges the hegemonic narrative of the Spanish transition to democracy as a negotiated and nonconfrontational process. Focusing on four case studies of highly successful plays, it argues that theater offered a space for dissent and for debating the process of democratization. Using archival material and oral sources, it proposes to study what Kate Elswit calls "archives of watching" from testimonies of actors and audience members in order to problematize the memories of the performances. Moreover, examples of non-textual theater studied in this article cast new light on the debates about democracy and participation in the Spanish transition to democracy.
{"title":"Dissident Bodies: Theatrical Countermemories of Spain's Transition to Democracy","authors":"David Rodríguez-Solás","doi":"10.2979/HISTMEMO.33.1.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/HISTMEMO.33.1.06","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article studies how independent theater in 1970s Spain challenges the hegemonic narrative of the Spanish transition to democracy as a negotiated and nonconfrontational process. Focusing on four case studies of highly successful plays, it argues that theater offered a space for dissent and for debating the process of democratization. Using archival material and oral sources, it proposes to study what Kate Elswit calls \"archives of watching\" from testimonies of actors and audience members in order to problematize the memories of the performances. Moreover, examples of non-textual theater studied in this article cast new light on the debates about democracy and participation in the Spanish transition to democracy.","PeriodicalId":43327,"journal":{"name":"History & Memory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84003686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-05DOI: 10.2979/HISTMEMO.32.2.04
Helga Lenart-Cheng
Abstract:This article examines the Nobel Prize-winning journalist Svetlana Alexievich’s methodology in the larger context of post-Soviet debates about collective remembering. The article focuses on the relation between individual and collective remembering, specifically, on what it means to remember together, through individual voices and stories. I discuss three different ways to conceptualize collective memory: “collectivized,” “complementary” and “contested” memories. To conclude, I argue that the last one, contestation, is the most suitable paradigm for Alexievich’s work, because it is in harmony with her Bakhtinian principles of polyphonic writing and remembering.
{"title":"Personal and Collective Memories in the Works of Svetlana Alexievich","authors":"Helga Lenart-Cheng","doi":"10.2979/HISTMEMO.32.2.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/HISTMEMO.32.2.04","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article examines the Nobel Prize-winning journalist Svetlana Alexievich’s methodology in the larger context of post-Soviet debates about collective remembering. The article focuses on the relation between individual and collective remembering, specifically, on what it means to remember together, through individual voices and stories. I discuss three different ways to conceptualize collective memory: “collectivized,” “complementary” and “contested” memories. To conclude, I argue that the last one, contestation, is the most suitable paradigm for Alexievich’s work, because it is in harmony with her Bakhtinian principles of polyphonic writing and remembering.","PeriodicalId":43327,"journal":{"name":"History & Memory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73251075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-05DOI: 10.2979/histmemo.32.2.02
Larry Durst
Abstract:Paul Robeson was the most famous alumnus in the history of Rutgers College, but by the 1960s, four decades after his graduation, his name had been effectively erased from the school’s public memory, a victim of Cold War nationalism. Despite efforts by student activists in the 1960s to restore his legacy, and official recognitions that followed, Robeson’s reputation remained obscure. Taking a new look into the Rutgers Archives through the lens of public memory theory, this article argues that for Robeson, and for controversial figures more generally, commemorations reached through concession and compromise can serve to contain public memories more than proclaim them.
{"title":"Compromise, Commemoration and Containment of Public Memory: The Revival of Paul Robeson’s Legacy at Rutgers University, 1966–1975","authors":"Larry Durst","doi":"10.2979/histmemo.32.2.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/histmemo.32.2.02","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Paul Robeson was the most famous alumnus in the history of Rutgers College, but by the 1960s, four decades after his graduation, his name had been effectively erased from the school’s public memory, a victim of Cold War nationalism. Despite efforts by student activists in the 1960s to restore his legacy, and official recognitions that followed, Robeson’s reputation remained obscure. Taking a new look into the Rutgers Archives through the lens of public memory theory, this article argues that for Robeson, and for controversial figures more generally, commemorations reached through concession and compromise can serve to contain public memories more than proclaim them.","PeriodicalId":43327,"journal":{"name":"History & Memory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83112600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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