Pub Date : 2020-09-05DOI: 10.2979/histmemo.32.2.03
Patrick Hagopian
Abstract:This article examines the history of the design of the Martin Luther King, Jr. National Memorial, dedicated in October 2011. Based on documentary records and original interviews, it uncovers new evidence about the design competition, the design’s oversight by federal commissions and the selection of the inscriptions. The article highlights the consequences of the sponsors’ preference for “universal” and “timeless” themes over King’s radical critique of American society. These choices bring this memorial to a civil rights leader into line with political conservatives’ advocacy of “color-blind” government action.
{"title":"The Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial and the Politics of Post-Racialism","authors":"Patrick Hagopian","doi":"10.2979/histmemo.32.2.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/histmemo.32.2.03","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article examines the history of the design of the Martin Luther King, Jr. National Memorial, dedicated in October 2011. Based on documentary records and original interviews, it uncovers new evidence about the design competition, the design’s oversight by federal commissions and the selection of the inscriptions. The article highlights the consequences of the sponsors’ preference for “universal” and “timeless” themes over King’s radical critique of American society. These choices bring this memorial to a civil rights leader into line with political conservatives’ advocacy of “color-blind” government action.","PeriodicalId":43327,"journal":{"name":"History & Memory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80588235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-05DOI: 10.2979/histmemo.32.2.06
Ryōta Nishino
Abstract:This article analyzes travelogues written by Japanese visitors to the battle sites of the Pacific War. It argues that they tend to turn the destinations into exclusively Japanese zones of emotional performance, thereby promoting an imaginary reconquest of these sites. While most of these travelogues recount deepening empathy toward the Japanese victims and ignore the islander counterparts, a minority imagine the suffering of the islanders and view the Japanese as perpetrators. These conflicting visions reflect the historiographical debates in Japan. In order to establish whether the journeys yielded these visions or reinforced previously held beliefs, the background, styles and motivation of the travelers require careful consideration.
{"title":"Pacific War Battle Sites through the Eyes of Japanese Travel Writers: Vicarious Consumer Travel and Emotional Performance in Travelogues","authors":"Ryōta Nishino","doi":"10.2979/histmemo.32.2.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/histmemo.32.2.06","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article analyzes travelogues written by Japanese visitors to the battle sites of the Pacific War. It argues that they tend to turn the destinations into exclusively Japanese zones of emotional performance, thereby promoting an imaginary reconquest of these sites. While most of these travelogues recount deepening empathy toward the Japanese victims and ignore the islander counterparts, a minority imagine the suffering of the islanders and view the Japanese as perpetrators. These conflicting visions reflect the historiographical debates in Japan. In order to establish whether the journeys yielded these visions or reinforced previously held beliefs, the background, styles and motivation of the travelers require careful consideration.","PeriodicalId":43327,"journal":{"name":"History & Memory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89119273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-05DOI: 10.2979/histmemo.32.2.05
Lilach Naishtat-Bornstein
Abstract:This article examines the differences in how Holocaust testimony is told and received in Israel and in Germany through an analysis of the unique case study of Karla Raveh (1927–2017). After forty years of silence, Raveh became an admired witness-celebrity in her prewar hometown in Germany, where she spent every summer for thirty years bearing testimony before thousands of Germans. Meanwhile, her testimony received little to no attention in Israel, her adopted home. Raveh’s case study raises questions about the complex interplay between individual testimonials and national context, and between personal motivations and intended audiences.
{"title":"“I Am Their Jew”: Karla Raveh’s Testimony in Germany and in Israel","authors":"Lilach Naishtat-Bornstein","doi":"10.2979/histmemo.32.2.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/histmemo.32.2.05","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article examines the differences in how Holocaust testimony is told and received in Israel and in Germany through an analysis of the unique case study of Karla Raveh (1927–2017). After forty years of silence, Raveh became an admired witness-celebrity in her prewar hometown in Germany, where she spent every summer for thirty years bearing testimony before thousands of Germans. Meanwhile, her testimony received little to no attention in Israel, her adopted home. Raveh’s case study raises questions about the complex interplay between individual testimonials and national context, and between personal motivations and intended audiences.","PeriodicalId":43327,"journal":{"name":"History & Memory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82690591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-30DOI: 10.2979/histmemo.32.1.03
A. Sierp
Abstract:This article traces the debates surrounding the conception of the Documentation Center for the History of National Socialism in Munich in order to understand why it took the city whose history is so deeply intertwined with National Socialism so long to acknowledge its dark past. It investigates whether the final conception of this unusual museum is the expression of a new transnational trend that provided new perspectives on memorialization. It argues that the museum actively attempts to create an arena for public engagement with the past by encouraging visitors to take responsibility for their own interpretation of history based on the material presented.
{"title":"A Contested Latecomer: The Munich Documentation Center for the History of National Socialism","authors":"A. Sierp","doi":"10.2979/histmemo.32.1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/histmemo.32.1.03","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article traces the debates surrounding the conception of the Documentation Center for the History of National Socialism in Munich in order to understand why it took the city whose history is so deeply intertwined with National Socialism so long to acknowledge its dark past. It investigates whether the final conception of this unusual museum is the expression of a new transnational trend that provided new perspectives on memorialization. It argues that the museum actively attempts to create an arena for public engagement with the past by encouraging visitors to take responsibility for their own interpretation of history based on the material presented.","PeriodicalId":43327,"journal":{"name":"History & Memory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78527551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-30DOI: 10.2979/histmemo.32.1.02
Ulrike Capdepón, A. Sierp, J. Strauss
{"title":"Introduction: Museums and Monuments: Memorials of Violent Pasts in Urban Spaces","authors":"Ulrike Capdepón, A. Sierp, J. Strauss","doi":"10.2979/histmemo.32.1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/histmemo.32.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43327,"journal":{"name":"History & Memory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86559039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-30DOI: 10.2979/histmemo.32.1.05
Susana Kaiser
Abstract:ESMA, an infamous center for torture and extermination, now houses a memorial museum. It first opened in 2007 and was subsequently rethought and remodeled. Museological interventions modified the museum script and the visits’ format. This article explores the (re)construction of memories through the communication process between the site and its visitors. It asks: What are the differences between the previous space and the modified one? How do changes affect interactions between visitors and the space? I review the authorial intentions of curators and public responses to the space to trace the evolving debate over what the museum’s script should include/exclude, changes in official memorialization policies and the perceived impact of the space of memory/museum on visitors.
{"title":"Writing and Reading Memories at a Buenos Aires Memorial Site: The Ex-ESMA","authors":"Susana Kaiser","doi":"10.2979/histmemo.32.1.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/histmemo.32.1.05","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:ESMA, an infamous center for torture and extermination, now houses a memorial museum. It first opened in 2007 and was subsequently rethought and remodeled. Museological interventions modified the museum script and the visits’ format. This article explores the (re)construction of memories through the communication process between the site and its visitors. It asks: What are the differences between the previous space and the modified one? How do changes affect interactions between visitors and the space? I review the authorial intentions of curators and public responses to the space to trace the evolving debate over what the museum’s script should include/exclude, changes in official memorialization policies and the perceived impact of the space of memory/museum on visitors.","PeriodicalId":43327,"journal":{"name":"History & Memory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77447059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-30DOI: 10.2979/histmemo.32.1.06
Ulrike Capdepón
Abstract:This article examines the controversy surrounding the street names symbolizing the Franco dictatorship (1939–75) in Madrid. The Memory Law, passed in 2007, which sought to eradicate Francoist symbols in the public sphere, was ignored by Madrid’s conservative mayoral administration until 2015 when a new mayor announced the official removal of Francoist street names from the cityscape. The article discusses the negotiation of contested memorialization processes and how different political forces shape commemorative practices in urban space. By addressing the political, discursive, academic and legal fields of action, it focuses in particular on civil society’s and grassroots attempts to replace Francoist street names with new ones demonstrating how a cityscape is a vehicle for ongoing struggles over memory in the present.
{"title":"Challenging the Symbolic Representation of the Franco Dictatorship: The Street Name Controversy in Madrid","authors":"Ulrike Capdepón","doi":"10.2979/histmemo.32.1.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/histmemo.32.1.06","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article examines the controversy surrounding the street names symbolizing the Franco dictatorship (1939–75) in Madrid. The Memory Law, passed in 2007, which sought to eradicate Francoist symbols in the public sphere, was ignored by Madrid’s conservative mayoral administration until 2015 when a new mayor announced the official removal of Francoist street names from the cityscape. The article discusses the negotiation of contested memorialization processes and how different political forces shape commemorative practices in urban space. By addressing the political, discursive, academic and legal fields of action, it focuses in particular on civil society’s and grassroots attempts to replace Francoist street names with new ones demonstrating how a cityscape is a vehicle for ongoing struggles over memory in the present.","PeriodicalId":43327,"journal":{"name":"History & Memory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85105958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-30DOI: 10.2979/histmemo.32.1.01
J. Brunner, S. Ury
{"title":"From the Editor: Change of the Guard","authors":"J. Brunner, S. Ury","doi":"10.2979/histmemo.32.1.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/histmemo.32.1.01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43327,"journal":{"name":"History & Memory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79917312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-30DOI: 10.2979/histmemo.32.1.07
Jill Strauss
Abstract:Debates over contested monuments often focus on the statue, but the pedestal also has significance. In May 2017, the New York City Mayoral Advisory Commission on City Art, Monuments, and Markers recommended removing the controversial figure of Dr. J. Marion Sims. The base however, was left behind. The separation of sculpture from pedestal creates a space to research, document, commemorate and talk about the interruption of memory. In January 2019, undergraduate students created augmented reality images on the Sims pedestal to “bring to life” their interpretations that are not (yet) part of the prevailing history. The resulting images create another platform for exploring difficult histories in relation to present injustices.
{"title":"Contested Site or Reclaimed Space? Re-membering but Not Honoring the Past on the Empty Pedestal","authors":"Jill Strauss","doi":"10.2979/histmemo.32.1.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/histmemo.32.1.07","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Debates over contested monuments often focus on the statue, but the pedestal also has significance. In May 2017, the New York City Mayoral Advisory Commission on City Art, Monuments, and Markers recommended removing the controversial figure of Dr. J. Marion Sims. The base however, was left behind. The separation of sculpture from pedestal creates a space to research, document, commemorate and talk about the interruption of memory. In January 2019, undergraduate students created augmented reality images on the Sims pedestal to “bring to life” their interpretations that are not (yet) part of the prevailing history. The resulting images create another platform for exploring difficult histories in relation to present injustices.","PeriodicalId":43327,"journal":{"name":"History & Memory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83849194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-23DOI: 10.2979/HISTMEMO.32.1.04
Janek Gryta
Abstract:This article tests the limits of cosmopolitan memory. It spotlights a unique case study, the permanent exhibition in Schindler’s Factory in Kraków, shaped by a group of local curators and politicians, as well as representatives of foreign memorial institutions and supranational NGOs. The thrust to create a cosmopolitan narrative came from Polish curators, but their vision was curbed by both a local politician and the head of a global NGO. The version of cosmopolitanism offered in Kraków engaged with contemporary Polish problems. However, it ignored Polish anti-Semitism and perpetration. The article reveals how in practice the cosmopolitan message is shaped, what propels it forward and what limits its horizons.
{"title":"Creating a Cosmopolitan Past: Local and Transnational Influences on Memory Work in Schindler’s Factory, Kraków","authors":"Janek Gryta","doi":"10.2979/HISTMEMO.32.1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/HISTMEMO.32.1.04","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article tests the limits of cosmopolitan memory. It spotlights a unique case study, the permanent exhibition in Schindler’s Factory in Kraków, shaped by a group of local curators and politicians, as well as representatives of foreign memorial institutions and supranational NGOs. The thrust to create a cosmopolitan narrative came from Polish curators, but their vision was curbed by both a local politician and the head of a global NGO. The version of cosmopolitanism offered in Kraków engaged with contemporary Polish problems. However, it ignored Polish anti-Semitism and perpetration. The article reveals how in practice the cosmopolitan message is shaped, what propels it forward and what limits its horizons.","PeriodicalId":43327,"journal":{"name":"History & Memory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85604589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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