Pub Date : 2019-02-05DOI: 10.2979/HISTMEMO.31.2.0003
C. Eldridge
Abstract:This article uses the centenary of the First World War to explore how colonial categories have been mobilized in memory projects. Focusing on "settler soldiers" from French Algeria, it argues that the centenary continues a long-standing practice of attaching oversimplified singular identities to these men. Using untapped sources, it exposes the gap between these externally assigned labels and the more pluralistic and malleable identifications possessed and used by settler soldiers themselves. Restoring and historicizing the complex identifications of these settler soldiers sheds new light on how the history and memory of the French empire interweaves with that of the First World War, and the ongoing evolution of this relationship.
{"title":"\"The Forgotten of This Tribute\": Settler Soldiers, Colonial Categories and the Centenary of the First World War","authors":"C. Eldridge","doi":"10.2979/HISTMEMO.31.2.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/HISTMEMO.31.2.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article uses the centenary of the First World War to explore how colonial categories have been mobilized in memory projects. Focusing on \"settler soldiers\" from French Algeria, it argues that the centenary continues a long-standing practice of attaching oversimplified singular identities to these men. Using untapped sources, it exposes the gap between these externally assigned labels and the more pluralistic and malleable identifications possessed and used by settler soldiers themselves. Restoring and historicizing the complex identifications of these settler soldiers sheds new light on how the history and memory of the French empire interweaves with that of the First World War, and the ongoing evolution of this relationship.","PeriodicalId":43327,"journal":{"name":"History & Memory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86838989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-31DOI: 10.2979/HISTMEMO.30.2.03
Valentina Rozas-Krause
Abstract:A series of on-site historic plaques and a photographic exhibition at a nearby train station serve as background to study the development of a new memorial to remember the wartime incarceration of Japanese Americans at the Tanforan Assembly Center in San Bruno, California. The design and iconography of the future Tanforan memorial are analyzed alongside the motivations of the main actors that have shaped it: a group of memory activists, a transit agency and a shopping mall developer. The article concludes that these past and future commemorative interventions reveal the relationship between an unsettled memorial landscape and the Japanese American community's ongoing demands for apology.
{"title":"Apology and Commemoration: Memorializing the World War II Japanese American Incarceration at the Tanforan Assembly Center","authors":"Valentina Rozas-Krause","doi":"10.2979/HISTMEMO.30.2.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/HISTMEMO.30.2.03","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:A series of on-site historic plaques and a photographic exhibition at a nearby train station serve as background to study the development of a new memorial to remember the wartime incarceration of Japanese Americans at the Tanforan Assembly Center in San Bruno, California. The design and iconography of the future Tanforan memorial are analyzed alongside the motivations of the main actors that have shaped it: a group of memory activists, a transit agency and a shopping mall developer. The article concludes that these past and future commemorative interventions reveal the relationship between an unsettled memorial landscape and the Japanese American community's ongoing demands for apology.","PeriodicalId":43327,"journal":{"name":"History & Memory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2018-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79478830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-31DOI: 10.2979/HISTMEMO.30.2.06
A. Rasch
Abstract:This article introduces the concept of "postcolonial nostalgia" to discuss four memoirs by white expatriate Zimbabweans Alexandra Fuller and Peter Godwin. The authors borrow from colonial discourse, producing nostalgic accounts that may appeal to their Western audiences but which fail to challenge colonial mindsets in the way that their postcolonial self-image might lead us to expect. Written at a time of national crisis in Zimbabwe, the memoirs contrast a past of childhood innocence and settler contributions with a dystopic present. Even as the authors dissociate themselves from the white supremacist regime of the past, they present white settlers as benevolent and productive, and seem to lament the replacement of white order with nothing.
{"title":"Postcolonial Nostalgia: The Ambiguities of White Memoirs of Zimbabwe","authors":"A. Rasch","doi":"10.2979/HISTMEMO.30.2.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/HISTMEMO.30.2.06","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article introduces the concept of \"postcolonial nostalgia\" to discuss four memoirs by white expatriate Zimbabweans Alexandra Fuller and Peter Godwin. The authors borrow from colonial discourse, producing nostalgic accounts that may appeal to their Western audiences but which fail to challenge colonial mindsets in the way that their postcolonial self-image might lead us to expect. Written at a time of national crisis in Zimbabwe, the memoirs contrast a past of childhood innocence and settler contributions with a dystopic present. Even as the authors dissociate themselves from the white supremacist regime of the past, they present white settlers as benevolent and productive, and seem to lament the replacement of white order with nothing.","PeriodicalId":43327,"journal":{"name":"History & Memory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2018-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75804874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-31DOI: 10.2979/HISTMEMO.30.2.04
T. Guttormsen
Abstract:This article examines the history of the monument to the Viking and transatlantic seafarer Leif Erikson (ca. AD 970–1020) that was erected in 1887 on Commonwealth Avenue in Boston, Massachusetts. It analyzes how a Scandinavian-American immigrant culture has influenced America through continued celebration and commemoration of Leif Erikson and considers Leif Erikson monuments as a heritage value for the public good and as a societal resource. Discussing the link between discovery myths, narratives about refugees at sea and immigrant memories, the article suggests how the Leif Erikson monument can be made relevant to present-day society.
{"title":"Valuing Immigrant Memories as Common Heritage: The Leif Erikson Monument in Boston","authors":"T. Guttormsen","doi":"10.2979/HISTMEMO.30.2.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/HISTMEMO.30.2.04","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article examines the history of the monument to the Viking and transatlantic seafarer Leif Erikson (ca. AD 970–1020) that was erected in 1887 on Commonwealth Avenue in Boston, Massachusetts. It analyzes how a Scandinavian-American immigrant culture has influenced America through continued celebration and commemoration of Leif Erikson and considers Leif Erikson monuments as a heritage value for the public good and as a societal resource. Discussing the link between discovery myths, narratives about refugees at sea and immigrant memories, the article suggests how the Leif Erikson monument can be made relevant to present-day society.","PeriodicalId":43327,"journal":{"name":"History & Memory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2018-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88813131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-31DOI: 10.2979/HISTMEMO.30.2.02
Huw Halstead
Abstract:Recent research has suggested that in the contemporary globalized and digitized world memories transcend national boundaries in a manner that might replace exclusive and antagonistic national histories with inclusive cosmopolitan solidarities. This article critically engages with such models by exploring transcultural cross-referencing in narratives about Greek-Turkish relationships in two different settings: print media produced by memory activists from the expatriated Greek minority of Turkey; and peer-to-peer debates in the "comments" section on YouTube. Whilst such transcultural discourses might indeed draw different victim communities closer together, they nevertheless also have the capacity to reinforce national histories and identities.
{"title":"\"Ask the Assyrians, Armenians, Kurds\": Transcultural Memory and Nationalism in Greek Historical Discourse on Turkey","authors":"Huw Halstead","doi":"10.2979/HISTMEMO.30.2.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/HISTMEMO.30.2.02","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Recent research has suggested that in the contemporary globalized and digitized world memories transcend national boundaries in a manner that might replace exclusive and antagonistic national histories with inclusive cosmopolitan solidarities. This article critically engages with such models by exploring transcultural cross-referencing in narratives about Greek-Turkish relationships in two different settings: print media produced by memory activists from the expatriated Greek minority of Turkey; and peer-to-peer debates in the \"comments\" section on YouTube. Whilst such transcultural discourses might indeed draw different victim communities closer together, they nevertheless also have the capacity to reinforce national histories and identities.","PeriodicalId":43327,"journal":{"name":"History & Memory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2018-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89976677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-31DOI: 10.2979/HISTMEMO.30.2.05
S. O’Donoghue
Abstract:This article uncovers the role of the Spanish publisher Carlos Barral in promoting knowledge of the Holocaust through a number of publishing ventures beginning in the late 1950s. Based on research in the Archivo General de la Administración, it sets Barral's endeavors in the context of the Franco regime's resistance to the public airing of Nazi crimes in Spain. After considering the historical factors that help explain why Franco's regime was reluctant to tolerate an uninhibited public awareness of the extermination of the European Jews, the article examines how and why Carlos Barral made it his duty to promote knowledge of the horrors the regime was eager to hide.
{"title":"Carlos Barral and the Struggle for Holocaust Consciousness in Franco's Spain","authors":"S. O’Donoghue","doi":"10.2979/HISTMEMO.30.2.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/HISTMEMO.30.2.05","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article uncovers the role of the Spanish publisher Carlos Barral in promoting knowledge of the Holocaust through a number of publishing ventures beginning in the late 1950s. Based on research in the Archivo General de la Administración, it sets Barral's endeavors in the context of the Franco regime's resistance to the public airing of Nazi crimes in Spain. After considering the historical factors that help explain why Franco's regime was reluctant to tolerate an uninhibited public awareness of the extermination of the European Jews, the article examines how and why Carlos Barral made it his duty to promote knowledge of the horrors the regime was eager to hide.","PeriodicalId":43327,"journal":{"name":"History & Memory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2018-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88210905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-29DOI: 10.2979/HISTMEMO.30.1.05
Katharine McGregor, V. Mackie
Abstract:In 2008 and 2009, a Dutch photographer, Jan Banning, and an anthropologist, Hilde Janssen, traveled around Indonesia to document, with photographs and testimonies, survivors of militarized sexual abuse by the Japanese military during the three-year occupation (1942–1945) of the former Dutch colony, the Netherlands East Indies. We argue that the resultant photographic project can best be understood within the framework of the "politics of pity" and the associated genres of representation. The project creators anticipated a cosmopolitan audience that might be moved to action to support the survivors. Yet, as the project was exhibited in different sites, the women's memories were interpreted through local knowledge systems and mnemonic practices. We analyze the reception of these photographs in diverse local contexts.
{"title":"Transcultural Memory and the Troostmeisjes/Comfort Women Photographic Project","authors":"Katharine McGregor, V. Mackie","doi":"10.2979/HISTMEMO.30.1.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/HISTMEMO.30.1.05","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In 2008 and 2009, a Dutch photographer, Jan Banning, and an anthropologist, Hilde Janssen, traveled around Indonesia to document, with photographs and testimonies, survivors of militarized sexual abuse by the Japanese military during the three-year occupation (1942–1945) of the former Dutch colony, the Netherlands East Indies. We argue that the resultant photographic project can best be understood within the framework of the \"politics of pity\" and the associated genres of representation. The project creators anticipated a cosmopolitan audience that might be moved to action to support the survivors. Yet, as the project was exhibited in different sites, the women's memories were interpreted through local knowledge systems and mnemonic practices. We analyze the reception of these photographs in diverse local contexts.","PeriodicalId":43327,"journal":{"name":"History & Memory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2018-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81329412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-29DOI: 10.2979/HISTMEMO.30.1.03
Sarah Wagner, Thomas Matyók
Abstract:The Tomb of the Unknowns at Arlington National Cemetery has long served as a site of instruction about national sacrifice, but its lessons in mourning war's costs and honoring its combatants have changed with time and shifting political currents, as reflected in the reordered space, the sentinels' altered rituals and the public's increasingly disciplined engagement with the site. Tracing these changes, this article argues that the gradual distancing of the monument and its sentinels from the visiting public mirrors the sharpening sense of civilian-military division within American society itself, revealing the exclusionary politics of obligation that help shape contemporary political discourse about war and its costs.
摘要:阿灵顿国家公墓(Arlington National Cemetery)的无名烈士墓(Tomb of The unknown)长期以来一直是国家牺牲的指导场所，但随着时间的推移和政治趋势的变化，它在悼念战争代价和纪念战斗人员方面的教训发生了变化，这反映在重新安排的空间、哨兵改变的仪式和公众对该遗址日益有纪律的参与上。追溯这些变化，本文认为，纪念碑及其哨兵与来访的公众逐渐疏远，反映了美国社会本身日益尖锐的军民分化感，揭示了排他性的义务政治，这种义务政治有助于塑造当代关于战争及其代价的政治话语。
{"title":"Monumental Change: The Shifting Politics of Obligation at the Tomb of the Unknowns","authors":"Sarah Wagner, Thomas Matyók","doi":"10.2979/HISTMEMO.30.1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/HISTMEMO.30.1.03","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The Tomb of the Unknowns at Arlington National Cemetery has long served as a site of instruction about national sacrifice, but its lessons in mourning war's costs and honoring its combatants have changed with time and shifting political currents, as reflected in the reordered space, the sentinels' altered rituals and the public's increasingly disciplined engagement with the site. Tracing these changes, this article argues that the gradual distancing of the monument and its sentinels from the visiting public mirrors the sharpening sense of civilian-military division within American society itself, revealing the exclusionary politics of obligation that help shape contemporary political discourse about war and its costs.","PeriodicalId":43327,"journal":{"name":"History & Memory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2018-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80536993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-29DOI: 10.2979/HISTMEMO.30.1.02
Cristian Cercel
Abstract:This article analyzes the Military History Museum (MHM) in Dresden against the backdrop of recent theoretical elaborations on agonistic memory, as opposed to the cosmopolitan and antagonistic modes of remembering. It argues that the MHM attempts to combine two functions of the museum: the museum as forum and the museum as temple. By examining the concept underpinning the reorganization of the permanent exhibition of the MHM, and by bringing examples from both the permanent and temporary exhibitions, the article shows that the discourse of the MHM presents some relevant compatibilities with the principles of agonistic memory, yet does not embrace agonism to the full. The article also suggests that the agonistic mode of remembering requires rejecting the notion of the museum as temple.
{"title":"The Military History Museum in Dresden: Between Forum and Temple","authors":"Cristian Cercel","doi":"10.2979/HISTMEMO.30.1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/HISTMEMO.30.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article analyzes the Military History Museum (MHM) in Dresden against the backdrop of recent theoretical elaborations on agonistic memory, as opposed to the cosmopolitan and antagonistic modes of remembering. It argues that the MHM attempts to combine two functions of the museum: the museum as forum and the museum as temple. By examining the concept underpinning the reorganization of the permanent exhibition of the MHM, and by bringing examples from both the permanent and temporary exhibitions, the article shows that the discourse of the MHM presents some relevant compatibilities with the principles of agonistic memory, yet does not embrace agonism to the full. The article also suggests that the agonistic mode of remembering requires rejecting the notion of the museum as temple.","PeriodicalId":43327,"journal":{"name":"History & Memory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2018-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76540215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-29DOI: 10.2979/HISTMEMO.30.1.04
M. Roper, R. Duffett
Abstract:This article investigates the affective motives for remembrance among British and German descendants of men and women who served in the First World War. Based on observations of a First World War centenary project funded by the Heritage Lottery and hosted in Bavaria in early 2016 by the London-based reminiscence organization Age Exchange, it asks why people are drawn to research the First World War pasts of their ancestors and how their historical pursuits connect personal experience to public commemoration in the two countries. It develops an understanding of legacy as operating across time in two directions: backwards from contemporary preoccupations to the First World War, and forwards across generations, from the survivors and their descendants to the present.
{"title":"Family Legacies in the Centenary: Motives for First World War Commemoration among British and German Descendants","authors":"M. Roper, R. Duffett","doi":"10.2979/HISTMEMO.30.1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/HISTMEMO.30.1.04","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article investigates the affective motives for remembrance among British and German descendants of men and women who served in the First World War. Based on observations of a First World War centenary project funded by the Heritage Lottery and hosted in Bavaria in early 2016 by the London-based reminiscence organization Age Exchange, it asks why people are drawn to research the First World War pasts of their ancestors and how their historical pursuits connect personal experience to public commemoration in the two countries. It develops an understanding of legacy as operating across time in two directions: backwards from contemporary preoccupations to the First World War, and forwards across generations, from the survivors and their descendants to the present.","PeriodicalId":43327,"journal":{"name":"History & Memory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2018-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90564064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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