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Variability of the means of negation expression (based on the material of German adjectives) 否定表达方式的可变性(基于德语形容词的材料)
Pub Date : 2023-10-23 DOI: 10.30853/phil20230552
Andrej Nikolaevich Belyaev
The expression of the category of negation in the system of the German adjective has not yet received a sufficiently complete description, although many researchers have repeatedly addressed this issue. One of the unsolved problems remains the problem of the speaker’s choice of a linguistic means of negation. The aim of the study is to identify the reasons for the variation of the means of negation in the class of German adjectives. The subject of consideration is represented by the ways that the negative meaning of adjectives is expressed. The main provisions concerning the essence and specifics of how the stems of adjectives are combined with negative affixes are touched upon. The variety of negative characteristics is seen as a peculiarity of the adjective from the perspective of the expression of a negative property or the absence of something. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the variability of the means of negative expression by adjectives is considered as an object of a synchronous structural analysis of linguistic units and is investigated taking into account the following linguistic levels: word-formation, structural-typological, syntactic and semantic. As a result of the study, it has been found that, in general, only a small number of factors are crucial when choosing a certain negation variant. In most cases, the prefix ‘un-’ is used to negate adjectives, regardless of the factors considered.
否定范畴在德语形容词体系中的表达,虽然许多研究者已经反复地讨论过这个问题,但至今还没有得到足够完整的描述。一个尚未解决的问题仍然是说话人对语言否定手段的选择问题。本研究的目的是找出德语形容词类中否定方式变化的原因。考虑的主题是通过形容词的否定意义的表达方式来表示的。论述了形容词词干与否定词缀结合的本质和具体情况。从消极属性的表达或某物的缺失的角度来看,消极特征的多样性被视为形容词的特点。本研究的科学新颖之处在于,将形容词否定表达方式的变异性作为语言单位同步结构分析的对象,从构词、结构类型、句法和语义四个语言层面进行研究。研究结果发现,一般来说,在选择某一否定变体时,只有少数因素是至关重要的。在大多数情况下,前缀“un-”用于否定形容词,而不考虑考虑的因素。
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引用次数: 0
The role of lexical repetition in the texts of Tatar songs 词汇重复在鞑靼歌曲文本中的作用
Pub Date : 2023-10-23 DOI: 10.30853/phil20230557
Kim Mugallimovich Minnullin, Liliya Minnullovna Giniyatullina
The aim of the study is to determine the role of lexical repetition in the formation of syntactic links between sentences in the texts of Tatar songs. The paper analyses the function of this linking means in the formation of a chain link. The scientific novelty of the study lies in carrying out a comprehensive analysis of the use of lexical repetitions in poetic texts and identifying the structural features of Tatar songs. It is the first time that the types of syntactic links that are established through lexical repetition between sentences in the texts of Tatar songs have been identified and illustrated with examples. As a result, the syntactic relations between the parts of sentences that are formed through lexical repetition have been determined; the following syntactic links between sentences that are most characteristic of song lyrics have been revealed: “subject – object”, “object – subject”, “subject – subject”, “object – object”, “attribute – subject”.
本研究的目的是确定词汇重复在鞑靼歌曲文本中句子之间句法联系的形成中的作用。本文分析了这种连接方式在形成链环中的作用。本研究的科学新颖之处在于对诗歌文本中词汇重复的使用进行了全面的分析,并确定了鞑靼歌曲的结构特征。这是第一次确定并举例说明鞑靼歌曲文本中句子之间通过词汇重复建立的句法联系类型。因此,通过词汇重复形成的句子各部分之间的句法关系已经确定;揭示了歌词中最具特色的句子之间的句法联系:“主语-宾语”、“宾语-主语”、“主语-主语”、“宾语-宾语”、“定语-主语”。
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引用次数: 0
The image of the “Far Eastern frontier” in P. S. Komarov’s lyrical poetry 科马罗夫抒情诗中的“远东边疆”形象
Pub Date : 2023-10-23 DOI: 10.30853/phil20230553
Olga Nikolaevna Alexandrova-Osokina
The aim of the study is to identify the specifics of the spatial and geographical image of the Far East in P. S. Komarov’s poetry from the perspective of the “frontier” vision. The paper substantiates the productivity of using the “frontier spectrum” for the analysis of regional lyrical poetry and provides an overview of the leading works in this field. Main attention is paid to the identification and analysis of the forms of artistic representation of the image of the Far East in Komarov’s lyrical poetry. The paper is novel in that it is the first to consider the author’s poetic world from the perspective of “frontier imagery”, to substantiate the role of extra-textual (geographical and historical-cultural) realia for the formation of the image of the frontier. As a result of the study, it has been found that the image of the Far East as a frontier territory of Russia is created by means of landscape, ethnopoetics, mythopoetics, toponymy, spatial markers (“east – west”, distance, “top – bottom”, etc.). The paper argues that the “frontier image” in Komarov’s lyrical poetry has a “double content”, combining the poetic vision of the region as a “Russian borderland” and at the same time as an inseparable part of the “Russian land”; it is shown that in relation to the image of the persona, “frontier characteristics” are associated with the theme of land development and border protection.
本研究旨在从“边疆”视野出发,探寻科马罗夫诗歌中远东空间地理意象的特质。本文论证了运用“前沿谱”分析地域抒情诗的有效性,并对这一领域的主要著作进行了概述。本文主要对科马罗夫抒情诗中远东形象的艺术表现形式进行了识别和分析。本文的新颖之处在于,首次从“边疆意象”的视角来审视作者的诗歌世界,论证了文本外(地理和历史文化)现实对边疆意象形成的作用。研究发现,远东作为俄罗斯边境领土的形象是通过景观、民族诗学、神话诗学、地名、空间标记(“东-西”、距离、“上-下”等)塑造出来的。本文认为,科马罗夫抒情诗中的“边疆形象”具有“双重内涵”,既将该地区作为“俄罗斯边疆”的诗意视野结合起来,同时又将其作为“俄罗斯土地”不可分割的一部分;研究表明,就人物形象而言,“边疆特征”与土地开发和边境保护主题相关。
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引用次数: 0
Expression of the category of temporality through lexical and syntactic means in the Chuvash language 楚瓦什语中时间性范畴的词汇和句法表达
Pub Date : 2023-10-23 DOI: 10.30853/phil20230555
Galina Nikolaevna Semenova, Andrey Anatolyevich Danilov, Nadezhda Ivanovna Yakimova, Natalia Rudolfovna Skvortsova
The research aims to identify the potential of lexical and syntactic means for expressing the category of temporality in the Chuvash language. The scientific novelty of the research lies in carrying out a detailed analysis of both traditional and atypical cases of expressing temporal meanings in context, as no specific research on this topic has been conducted in Chuvash studies before. The paper is the first to establish that many phraseologised constructions, proverbs and sayings, as well as certain proper names serve as expressions of temporal relations and transmit ethnocultural information, as their prevailing connotative meaning reflects the native speakers’ particular worldview and view of specific life situations. The research findings demonstrate that the temporal conceptualisation in the Chuvash language has its own national characteristics. The temporal indicator is an integral characteristic of our existence and, being interpreted through the lens of human consciousness (of the author, character, reader), finds its expression in the text.
本研究旨在找出楚瓦什语中表达时间性范畴的词汇和句法手段的潜力。本研究的科学新颖之处在于对传统的和非典型的在语境中表达时间意义的案例进行了详细的分析,因为在Chuvash之前的研究中没有对这一主题进行过具体的研究。本文首次确立了许多短语化结构、谚语和谚语以及某些专有名称作为时间关系的表达和传递民族文化信息,因为它们普遍存在的内涵意义反映了母语者的特定世界观和特定生活情境的观点。研究结果表明,楚瓦什语的时间概念化具有自己的民族特点。时间指标是我们存在的一个不可缺少的特征,通过人类意识(作者、角色、读者)的镜头来解释,它在文本中得到表达。
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引用次数: 0
Semantic aspect of morality deconstruction (based on the material of the German language) 道德解构的语义层面(基于德语材料)
Pub Date : 2023-10-20 DOI: 10.30853/phil20230551
Ksenia Viktorovna Nevolina
The study aims to determine the semantic features of the transforming morality and its discourse. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the author’s approach to identifying and describing the semantics of morality and moral discourse, taking into account the most typical collocations of the keyword ‘Moral’ acting as a subject. As a result of the study, it was found that metaphors, metaphtonymies and intertextuality serve as the semantic markers of the transforming morality as a subject in the type of discourse under consideration. The analysis of examples of moral discourse, in which ‘Moral’ acts as a subject, has shown that intertextuality is manifested in the use of precedent phenomena in moral discourse referring to moral issues. Aphorisms can undergo formal transformations and receive occasional components without changing the negative axiological vector of moral discourse. It is determined that the sports metaphor ‘auf der Strecke bleiben’, which is based on the metaphorical model LIFE is A SPORTS COMPETITION, is actualised in moral discourse. The conceptual vector of rivalry reflects the real worldview and the place that morality occupies in it: morality appears as a loser, a player who has lost the race, who has conceded victory to politics, art, profit and economic progress. The metaphtonymies ‘Moral verlangt’, ‘Moral herrscht’ have negative evaluativeness. Metaphors and metaphtonymies in moral discourse emphasise the secondary nature of morality at the present stage of societal development.
本研究旨在确定转型道德及其话语的语义特征。该作品的科学新颖性在于作者采用了识别和描述道德和道德话语语义的方法,并考虑了关键词“道德”作为主语的最典型搭配。研究发现,隐喻、转喻和互文性是话语类型中道德主体转化的语义标记。对“道德”作为主体的道德话语例子的分析表明,互文性表现为在涉及道德问题的道德话语中使用先例现象。在不改变道德话语的否定价值论向量的情况下,警句可以经历形式转换并接受偶尔的成分。本文确定了以“人生是一场体育竞赛”为隐喻模式的体育隐喻在道德话语中的实现。竞争的概念载体反映了真实的世界观和道德在其中所占据的位置:道德表现为一个失败者,一个输掉比赛的玩家,一个把胜利拱手让给政治、艺术、利润和经济进步的人。“道德怪谈”、“道德怪谈”等隐喻具有负面评价性。道德话语中的隐喻和隐喻强调了道德在当前社会发展阶段的次要性质。
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引用次数: 0
Compounding as one of the productive ways of word formation of veterinary terms (based on the modern German language) 作为兽医学术语构词法之一的复合法(以现代德语为基础)
Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.30853/phil20230550
Giulnara Ansarovna Khakimova
The research aims to determine the formal-structural and semantic-etymological features of compound terms in the field of veterinary epizootiology and veterinary parasitology in the German language. The scientific novelty of the research lies in identifying the most productive models of veterinary compounds in the German language. The structural analysis of complex terms revealed that they can be represented by compounds with a complex modifier, a complex head, or both a complex modifier and a complex head. The most productive word-formation models of veterinary compounds have been identified. An attempt has been made to classify compounds into groups with common specific features and to identify the most frequent components of compounds denoting generic features. From the perspective of etymology, it has been found that veterinary complex terms are predominantly hybrid formations composed of Greek-Latin elements and endogenous language material. As a result, it has been found that determinative compounds dominate, with the majority being two-word proper complex terminological units, in the veterinary terminology system in the German language.
本研究旨在确定兽医传染病学和兽医寄生虫学领域德语复合术语的形式结构和语义词源特征。这项研究的科学新颖之处在于确定了德语中最有效的兽用化合物模型。复合词的结构分析表明,复合词可以由复合修饰语、复合词头或复合修饰语和复合词头组成。已经确定了兽药化合物最有效的构词模型。人们试图将化合物按具有共同特征的组进行分类,并确定化合物中最常见的成分,这些成分表示一般特征。从词源学的角度来看,兽医复杂术语主要是由希腊-拉丁元素和内源性语言材料组成的杂交形式。结果发现,在德语兽医术语系统中,决定性化合物占主导地位,大多数是两个词的适当复杂术语单位。
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引用次数: 0
Semantic features of perceptual adjectives (the lexico-semantic groups “Vision”, “Hearing”, “Touch”, “Smell”, “Taste”) in Old English 古英语感性形容词(“视觉”、“听觉”、“触觉”、“嗅觉”、“味觉”等词汇语义组)的语义特征
Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.30853/phil20230549
Alisa Michkailovna Nikiforova
The aim of the research is to identify the semantic characteristics of perceptual adjectives in Old English, to obtain data on the ratio of adjectives belonging to the lexico-semantic groups (hereinafter LSG) “Vision”, “Hearing”, “Touch”, “Smell”, “Taste” and to study the formation of the lexico-semantic field of synaesthetic adjectives. The paper notes the percentage of intramodal, polymodal and crossmodal adjectives, analyses cases of synaesthetic usage of perceptual adjectives and presents models of synaesthetic transfer. The scientific novelty of the research lies in ascertaining the fact that the boundaries between the lexico-semantic groups of perceptual adjectives are not rigid and there are attributes whose meanings relate to characteristics of multiple modes. The paper is the first to determine that adjectives from the LSG “Vision”, alongside adjectives from the LSG “Touch”, are dominant in Old English. A classification of adjectives from the LSG “Vision” was developed and the ratio of perceptual adjectives of different modes was determined. The novelty of the research also lies in a broad approach to selecting perceptual adjectives for lexico-semantic groups. As a result of the conducted overview, the semantic characteristics of perceptual adjectives in Old English were identified and data on the ratio of adjectives in the lexico-semantic groups “Vision”, “Hearing”, “Touch”, “Smell”, “Taste” were obtained. It is shown that adjectives from the LSG “Vision” are used to denote auditory, tactile, gustatory and olfactory semantic features through semantic transfer (synaesthetic metaphor).
本研究的目的是识别古英语中感性形容词的语义特征,获得形容词在词汇语义组(以下简称LSG)中“视觉”、“听觉”、“触觉”、“嗅觉”、“味觉”所占比例的数据,并研究联觉形容词词汇语义场的形成。分析了感性形容词的联觉使用情况,并提出了联觉迁移模型。本研究的科学新颖之处在于,它揭示了感知形容词的词汇语义组之间的界限并不是刚性的,存在着与多模态特征相关的属性。这篇论文首次确定了来自LSG的形容词“Vision”和来自LSG的形容词“Touch”在古英语中占主导地位。对LSG“视觉”中的形容词进行了分类,并确定了不同模式的感知形容词的比例。本研究的新颖之处还在于为词汇语义组选择感性形容词提供了一种广泛的方法。通过对古英语感性形容词的概述,确定了古英语感性形容词的语义特征,并获得了形容词在“视觉”、“听觉”、“触觉”、“嗅觉”、“味觉”等词汇语义组中的比例数据。结果表明,LSG“视觉”中的形容词通过语义传递(联觉隐喻)来表示听觉、触觉、味觉和嗅觉的语义特征。
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引用次数: 0
Cognitive mechanisms of colour terms in the advertising tourist narrative (by the example of Lake Baikal) 旅游广告叙事中色彩词的认知机制(以贝加尔湖为例)
Pub Date : 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.30853/phil20230548
Ekaterina Evgen’evna Men’shikova
The aim of the study is to determine the cognitive mechanisms of colour terms in the advertising tourist narrative. The scientific novelty of the work is accounted for by the problem statement: it is the first time that colour terms have been considered taking into account the mechanisms of their cognitive organisation in the advertising tourist narrative using Lake Baikal as an example. The paper analyses the views of researchers describing colour terms in the Russian linguistic worldview, the advertising discourse, cognitive linguistics, historical and comparative linguistics. The study emphasises that colour as a culture code is a significant cognitive category and colour terms possess associativity and axiological value, are connected to the history of the nation, its peculiarities in relation to ethnic norms, traditions, customs and rituals. As a result of the study, it has been found that the main cognitive mechanisms of colour terms in the advertising tourist narrative include foregrounding as the informational-pragmatic core in the structure of the textual whole; metaphor as a source of figurative naming; standard comparative constructions and realised comparisons. The analysis of the material attests to the fulfillment of the potential of lexical units with secondary colour naming in such main conceptual-thematic areas as “Animate nature” and “Inanimate nature”.
本研究的目的是确定色彩词在旅游广告叙事中的认知机制。这项工作的科学新颖性是由问题陈述来解释的:这是第一次考虑到以贝加尔湖为例,在广告旅游叙事中考虑到颜色术语的认知组织机制。本文从俄语语言世界观、广告语篇、认知语言学、历史语言学和比较语言学等方面分析了研究者对色彩术语的描述。该研究强调,颜色作为一种文化代码是一个重要的认知范畴,颜色术语具有联想性和价值论价值,与国家的历史、民族规范、传统、习俗和仪式的特殊性有关。研究发现,旅游广告叙事中色彩词的主要认知机制包括:前景作为语篇整体结构中的信息语用核心;隐喻作为具象命名的来源标准比较结构和实现比较。对材料的分析表明,在“有生命的自然”和“无生命的自然”等主要概念主题领域,具有二次颜色命名的词汇单位发挥了潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Intertextual references as a part of the vertical context of modern Northern Irish novels 互文参考是现代北爱尔兰小说纵向语境的一部分
Pub Date : 2023-10-17 DOI: 10.30853/phil20230546
Oksana Olegovna Kandrashkina
The aim of the paper is to determine the most frequent elements of the vertical context in Northern Irish novels expressed by intertextual references. The study is original in that it is the first to analyse the ratio of different intertextual reference types, as well as to identify the main types of intertextual references in modern Northern Irish literature, which has not been fully examined from this perspective. The paper considers referents related to socio-historical events, geographical names, mythology and culture. The analysis of the vertical context allowed identifying the names of Northern Irish and Irish cities, districts and streets in Belfast, the names of historical events, as well as the proper names denoting Irish mythological figures. As a result, 3 groups of intertextual referents were highlighted: geographical, historical, mythological. The results showed that intertextual references contain the extralinguistic information relevant to understanding and interpreting the main ideas and messages of the novels.
本文的目的是确定最常见的元素垂直上下文在北爱尔兰小说中表达的互文参考。这项研究的独创性在于,它首次分析了不同互文参考类型的比例,并确定了现代北爱尔兰文学中互文参考的主要类型,这一观点尚未得到充分的研究。本文考虑了与社会历史事件、地名、神话和文化有关的指称。通过对垂直上下文的分析,可以确定北爱尔兰和贝尔法斯特的爱尔兰城市、地区和街道的名称,历史事件的名称,以及表示爱尔兰神话人物的专有名称。因此,突出了三组互文指涉:地理、历史和神话。结果表明,互文指涉包含了与理解和解释小说主要思想和信息有关的语外信息。
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引用次数: 0
Demonstrative pronouns ‘this/these’, ‘that/those’ in the dialogical speech of film characters 指示代词“this/these”,“that/those”在电影角色的对话中
Pub Date : 2023-10-17 DOI: 10.30853/phil20230547
Tatiana Yurievna Borodina, Irina Viktorovna Lysenko
The aim of the study is to determine the functional-semantic features of demonstrative pronouns ‘this/these’ and ‘that/those’ as integral elements of an English-language film dialogue. The work analysed dialogue fragments from modern English-language feature films, in which the ability of demonstrative pronouns to perform the deictic, anaphoric, cataphoric and identifying functions was established. The content of the nominative component of multifunctional demonstrative pronouns and their stylistic marking were determined. The study is novel in that it is the first to analyse speech behaviour and the role of demonstrative pronouns in conveying pragmatically and stylistically important information in the context of a feature film plot. The results of the study showed that demonstrative pronouns have their own nominative meanings, which are realised through the speech senses of ‘close/distant’, ‘here, now / then in the past / in the future’, ‘one’s own / someone else’s’, ‘known personally by the subject / generally known’, ‘subjectively important / objectively important’, ‘unique/similar’, ‘special/typical’, etc. Demonstrative pronouns are capable of participating in the creation of the ‘intimacy’ and ‘alienation’ stylistic devices and conveying the evaluative-emotive shades of irritation, contempt, hostility, regret and disapproval. Due to the presence of the nominative component in demonstrative pronouns and their emotiveness, the realisation of the communicative-pragmatic setting of the participant in the film dialogue aimed at expressing their attitude towards what is happening and influencing the addressee becomes possible.
本研究的目的是确定指示代词“this/these”和“that/those”作为英语电影对话的组成部分的功能语义特征。通过对现代英语故事片对白片段的分析,确立了指示代词在指示、回指、指代和识别等方面的功能。确定了多功能指示代词主格成分的内容及其文体标记。这项研究的新颖之处在于,它首次分析了言语行为和指示代词在故事片情节中传达语用和文体上重要信息的作用。研究结果表明,指示代词具有自己的主格意义,通过“近/远”、“过去的此地、现在/那时/将来”、“自己的/别人的”、“被主体亲自知道/一般知道”、“主观上重要/客观上重要”、“独特/相似”、“特殊/典型”等言语意义实现。指示代词能够参与“亲密”和“异化”文体手段的创造,并传达愤怒、蔑视、敌意、遗憾和不赞成等评价情感的阴影。由于指示代词中主格成分的存在及其情绪性,电影对话中参与者旨在表达他们对正在发生的事情的态度并影响收件人的交际语用设置的实现成为可能。
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引用次数: 0
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Theoretical and Practical Issues of Journalism
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