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INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE IN REDUCING THE WAITING TIME FOR PLANNED MEDICAL CARE: THE POSSIBILITY OF APPLYING THIS EXPERIENCE IN RUSSIA 减少计划医疗等待时间的国际经验:在俄罗斯应用这一经验的可能性
IF 0.3 Q4 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.17323/1999-5431-2021-0-4-137-158
A. Akhmetova, E. Shevchenko, Taras Sharamko, T. Aleshina
The imbalance between the demand for health services and their supply leads to a decrease in the availability of health care. The aim of the study is to analyze the key mechanisms of the policy on reducing the waiting time for planned medical care. The issues of ensuring the guarantee for maximum time limits are studied; the foreign experience of managing waiting times for medical care is reviewed, the possibility of applying it in Russian practice is analyzed; the possibilities of reducing waiting times at the level of medical organizations are considered. The review of foreign experience shows a purposeful state policy to reduce waiting times, and allows us to determine the most effective measures. In Russia, the guaranteed maximum patient waiting times are shorter than in most of the countries reviewed, however, state resources do not support these guarantees; there is no unified state approach for monitoring, and no well-thought-out mechanism for their regulation, based on both system capabilities and social needs. Taking into account the studied international and Russian experience, the recommendations for creating a system for managing the waiting time for planned medical care in Russia are proposed.
保健服务的需求与供应之间的不平衡导致保健服务的供应减少。本研究旨在分析减少计划医疗轮候时间政策的关键机制。研究了保证最长期限担保的问题;回顾了国外医疗等待时间管理的经验,分析了在俄罗斯实践中应用的可能性;考虑了在医疗机构一级减少等待时间的可能性。对国外经验的回顾显示出有目的的减少等待时间的国家政策,并使我们能够确定最有效的措施。在俄罗斯,保证的最大病人等待时间比大多数审查的国家短,然而,国家资源不支持这些保证;没有统一的国家监控方法,也没有基于系统能力和社会需求的深思熟虑的监管机制。考虑到所研究的国际和俄罗斯经验,提出了在俄罗斯建立一个管理计划医疗保健等待时间的系统的建议。
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引用次数: 0
REINSTATING GREEK E-GOVERNANCE: A FRAMEWORK FOR E-GOVERNMENT BENCHMARKING, IMPROVEMENT AND GOVERNMENT POLICIES 恢复希腊电子政务:电子政务基准、改进和政府政策的框架
IF 0.3 Q4 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.17323/1999-5431-2021-0-6-103-127
Georgios Kontogeorgis, Nikolaos Varotsis
This paper presents the implementation and evolution of e-governance in Greece as well as offering insights, policies and suggestions for the design of e-government benchmarks. The research objectives of this article are to identify the appraisal of Greece in e-government over time and in relation to other countries as well as the role of internal audit and transparency related to digital public services. The method adopted is through an extensive bibliographic review of the Greek, European and international literature of the thematic field of e-government as well as the presentation of several frameworks to structure the discussion of e-government benchmark design based on a benchmarking with key indicators of published surveys from internationally reputable organizations. The findings of this paper are that Greece proceeded at a very slow pace in its digital transformation, shows shortcomings in e-government policies, records delays in adapting the services requested by citizens, and no matter the lack of investment in technological infrastructure, the effectiveness of e-governance presupposes proactiveness. Nevertheless, another key conclusion of the research is that Greece is far from the average performance of e-government in the European Union due to its chronic economic problems, the lack of technological equipment and the lack of overall orientation in e-government. Furthermore, this paper can be a measure of comparison for other countries that have similar characteristics to Greece in order to improve e-governance.
本文介绍了希腊电子政务的实施和演变,并为电子政务基准的设计提供了见解、政策和建议。本文的研究目标是确定希腊在电子政务方面的长期评价,以及与其他国家的关系,以及与数字公共服务相关的内部审计和透明度的作用。采用的方法是通过对希腊、欧洲和国际电子政务专题领域的文献进行广泛的书目审查,并提出几个框架,以国际知名组织公布的调查的关键指标为基准,组织电子政务基准设计的讨论。本文的研究结果表明,希腊的数字化转型速度非常缓慢,电子政务政策存在缺陷,公民要求的服务适应出现延迟,无论缺乏技术基础设施投资,电子政务的有效性都是以主动性为前提的。然而,研究的另一个关键结论是,由于长期的经济问题,技术设备的缺乏以及电子政务缺乏总体定位,希腊的电子政务绩效远未达到欧盟的平均水平。此外,本文还可以为其他与希腊具有相似特征的国家提供比较措施,以改善电子政务。
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引用次数: 2
REPRESENTATIVE BUREAUCRACY, IMMIGRANTS, AND TRUST IN GOVERNMENT: A CROSS-NATIONAL STUDY 代议制官僚、移民和对政府的信任:一项跨国研究
IF 0.3 Q4 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.17323/1999-5431-2021-0-6-7-23
Jesse Campbell
Building a civil service that reflects the diversity of the population it serves can increase bureaucratic legitimacy and the fairness of public service provision. In this study, I draw on symbolic representation theory and argue that the impact of representative bureaucracy on trust in government can vary by citizen immigration status. Combining microlevel demographic and opinion data from respondents in 43 countries and country-level estimates of the representativeness of government personnel, I implement a series of multi-level models to test the theory. The analysis suggests that the representativeness of government bureaucracy does not affect trust in the average case but is a significant factor for first generation immigrants. This study provides new evidence for the trust-enhancing effect of representative bureaucracy among minority stakeholders. I discuss how a cross-national approach can further enrich the theoretical landscape of the representative bureaucracy construct.
建立一个反映其所服务人口多样性的公务员制度,可以提高官僚制度的合法性和公共服务提供的公平性。在这项研究中,我借鉴了象征性代表理论,并认为代议制官僚对政府信任的影响会因公民的移民身份而异。结合43个国家受访者的微观人口统计和意见数据,以及国家层面对政府人员代表性的估计,我实施了一系列多层次模型来检验这一理论。分析表明,政府官僚机构的代表性在一般情况下并不影响信任,但对第一代移民来说是一个重要因素。本研究为代议制官僚制在少数利益相关者中的信任增强效应提供了新的证据。我讨论了跨国方法如何进一步丰富代议制官僚结构的理论景观。
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引用次数: 3
DEVELOPMENT THROUGH INTERVENTION? REVISITING CRITICISM OF HUNGARIAN DEMOCRACY 通过干预来发展?重新审视对匈牙利民主的批评
IF 0.3 Q4 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.17323/1999-5431-2021-0-6-84-102
Márton Gellén
Hungarian public administration culture has traditionally been considered as overtly legalistic and proceduralist, which appears to be in contrast with claims of weakening the rule of law or facing sanctions under Article 7 of the Treaty of the European Union. This article offers an overview on the criticisms put forth by academic writers and EU institutions regarding the Hungarian development path and puts them into the wider context of democratization through transaction (transitology, democracy export) theory. The article compares findings of contemporary interventionist authors with the propositions of such iconic writers as Dankwart Rustow (1970) and Samuel P. Huntington (1984) and attempts to connect the dots between these realms of thought. These authors all share the view that democracy shall be exported the more and quicker the better. Transitology, though, has had its critics, while contemporary interventionist theory appears to be rather monolithic without considerable criticism. The article uses the approach of Payne (2006), and of other authors, to question various statements of contemporary interventionists. Not least, recent developments in Afghanistan provide historical evidence that the ambitions of transactional democratisation are predetermined to fall short on non-democratic institutions imposing democracy using non-democratic measures on recipients of various sorts.
匈牙利公共行政文化传统上被认为是明显的法律主义和程序主义,这似乎与削弱法治或根据《欧洲联盟条约》第7条面临制裁的说法相反。本文概述了学术作家和欧盟机构对匈牙利发展道路提出的批评,并将其置于通过交易(过渡学,民主输出)理论进行民主化的更广泛背景下。本文将当代干涉主义作者的发现与诸如丹克瓦特·鲁斯托(1970)和塞缪尔·亨廷顿(1984)等标志性作家的主张进行比较,并试图将这些思想领域之间的点联系起来。这些作者都认为民主应该输出得越多越快越好。过渡性学,虽然,有它的批评,而当代干涉主义理论似乎相当单一,没有相当大的批评。本文采用佩恩(2006)和其他作者的方法,对当代干预主义者的各种说法提出质疑。尤其重要的是,阿富汗最近的事态发展提供了历史证据,表明交易式民主化的雄心注定无法在非民主机构中实现,这些机构使用非民主措施对各种接受者施加民主。
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引用次数: 1
MANAGEMENT OF INNOVATIVE SYSTEMS: FROM NATIONAL TO LOCAL LEVEL 创新系统的管理:从国家到地方
IF 0.3 Q4 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.17323/1999-5431-2021-0-4-185-206
Kirill Tyurchev
One of the key tasks of the authorities at all levels is to increase competitiveness and accelerate economic growth. In foreign literature, a lot of works are devoted to the study of innovations and their role in the development of states. A number of authors consider the problems related to the direct management of innovation systems, researching and analyzing from different points of view. The purpose of this article is to acquaint the interested circle of readers with the evolution of approaches to the management of innovative systems from the national level to the local one, with the current research results and their directions.
提高竞争力和加快经济增长是各级政府的主要任务之一。在外国文学中,很多作品都致力于研究创新及其在国家发展中的作用。许多学者从不同的角度研究和分析了创新系统直接管理的相关问题。本文的目的是让感兴趣的读者了解创新系统管理方法从国家层面到地方层面的演变,以及目前的研究成果和研究方向。
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引用次数: 0
ETHICAL RISKS IN PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS: THE CASE OF LAHORE WASTE MANAGEMENT COMPANY 公私伙伴关系中的道德风险:以拉合尔废物管理公司为例
IF 0.3 Q4 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.17323/1999-5431-2021-0-5-56-72
Zubair Syed Sohaib, A. Mukaram, Saeed Aamir
The world is coming up with new solutions to old problemsin orderto improve efficiency and effectiveness in public service delivery. Public-Private Partnership (PPP) isarelatively new form of participatory governance. This approach is linked with New Public Management (NPM) and, since its inception, the private sector has taken over the entire world despite incongruence and incompatibility in indigenous values and cultures. PPPis also claimed to be the best solution in terms of service delivery; however, its effectiveness is yet to be achieved. The purpose of this study is to find the effectiveness ofthePPP mode of governance. This study is qualitative in nature and has taken one entity based on PPP as a case,i.e. Lahore Waste Management Company (LWMC),in orderto study the impact of this solution to all,theills of public service delivery. Fourteen officialswere interviewed in this studyof LWMC (a quasi-governmental institution) and its private partners. Findings suggest that this PPP mode has major ethical risks in the form of lack of transparency in awarding contracts, equity-efficiency trade-off, overall conflict of philosophy of public and private sector, low professionalism, value for money (compromise on cost and quality), and weak accountability mechanisms.
为了提高公共服务的效率和效果,世界各国都在为老问题提出新的解决办法。公私伙伴关系(PPP)是一种相对较新的参与式治理形式。这种做法与新公共管理(NPM)相联系,自成立以来,私营部门已经接管了整个世界,尽管土著价值观和文化不一致和不相容。公私合作伙伴关系亦被认为是提供服务的最佳解决方案;然而,其有效性尚未实现。本研究的目的在于发现ppp治理模式的有效性。本研究本质上是定性的,并以一个基于PPP的实体为例,即。拉合尔废物管理公司(LWMC),以研究这一解决方案对所有公共服务提供的影响。本研究采访了LWMC(一个准政府机构)及其私人合作伙伴的14位官员。研究结果表明,这种PPP模式存在主要的伦理风险,表现为合同授予缺乏透明度、公平-效率权衡、公私部门整体理念冲突、专业程度低、物有所值(成本和质量的妥协)以及问责机制薄弱。
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引用次数: 1
PALESTINIAN LOCAL GOVERNMENT: ISSUES OF LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORKS 巴勒斯坦地方政府:法律和体制框架问题
IF 0.3 Q4 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.17323/1999-5431-2021-0-6-146-171
F. Qawasmeh, Kuppusamy Singaravelloo, R. Ariffin
In the public administration field, the legislative, executive and judicial frameworks should be consistent. The institutional framework of the Palestinian local government, however, seems largely impacted by an incoherent legal framework. Against this backdrop, this study describes the current local government institutional framework. Secondly, this study investigates the current issues relating to the legal and institutional frameworks of the Palestinian local government. A qualitative research approach was adopted to collect data in order to achieve the objectives of the study. The present research utilizes a combination of primary and secondary data. Nine interviews were conducted to gather the primary data, while scholarly works and government documents were used for gathering secondary data. The results show that fully governmental institutions are the most active within the institutional framework while non-governmental institutions are less active. The results also show that the primary obstacle for an efficient legal framework is due to previous laws, overlapping powers and weak legal practices. Furthermore, the institutional framework suffers from deformed structure and weak integration. The discussion section revealed that the current local government system can be best described as a “Chaotic Hybrid System”. When comparing the empirical results with the theoretical concepts, it is indicated that the current local government structure reflects the Public Choice Theory perspective, which advocates for horizontal and vertical fragmentation. However, the Israeli occupation and international funds seem to contribute to complicating the fragmentation of the structure. The structure hence could be described as “Altered Fragmented Structure”.
在公共行政领域,立法、行政和司法框架应该是一致的。然而,巴勒斯坦地方政府的体制框架似乎在很大程度上受到不连贯的法律框架的影响。在此背景下,本研究描述了当前地方政府的制度框架。其次,本研究调查了与巴勒斯坦地方政府的法律和体制框架有关的当前问题。为了达到研究的目的,采用了定性研究的方法来收集数据。本研究结合了一手资料和第二手资料。通过9次访谈收集第一手资料,通过学术著作和政府文件收集二手资料。结果表明,在制度框架内,完全政府性机构是最活跃的,而非政府机构的活跃程度较低。结果还表明,有效的法律框架的主要障碍是由于先前的法律,重叠的权力和薄弱的法律实践。此外,制度框架还存在结构畸形、一体化弱的问题。讨论部分揭示,当前的地方政府体制可以用“混沌混合系统”来形容。实证结果与理论概念对比表明,当前的地方政府结构反映了公共选择理论视角,主张横向和纵向碎片化。然而,以色列的占领和国际资金似乎使这一结构的支离破碎更加复杂。因此,这种结构可以被描述为“改变的碎片结构”。
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引用次数: 0
GEARING PUBLIC SECTOR MANAGEMENT EDUCATION CURRICULUM IN THE PHILIPPINES IN RESPONSE TO 21ST CENTURY NEEDS 调整菲律宾公共部门管理教育课程,以应对21世纪的需求
IF 0.3 Q4 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.17323/1999-5431-2021-0-6-172-191
P. Aquino Jr., R. Jalagat Jr.
The UNESCO World Conference on Higher Education, held in Paris, France in October 1998, adopted a universal declaration on the need for a new vision and paradigm in higher education responsive to the challenges of the 21st century. This study is an effort to answer this call but only in the limited field of public sector management education curriculum at the Master’s level. This study attempted an evaluation of existing curricula in terms of the responsive objectives in knowledge, skills, and values as well as the perceived gap between theory and practice. Further, it sought to identify any differences among school administrators, faculty, and students including practitioners in their perceptions regarding these objectives. The study used a three-staged survey to surface data as basics for the proposed curriculum. The first stage was a request for printed materials of the Master in Public Administration/counterpart courses from 66 educational institutions. The second stage was a questionnaire to which 69/132 (52%) school administrators, 112/198 (56.5%) faculty, 188/330 (56.9%) students, and 76/76 (100%) are practitioners, representing an overall 60.4 percent retrieval rate. The questionnaires sought answers to the specific sub-problems of the study. The third questionnaire was sent to all respondents who replied to the second questionnaire; their opinion on the proposed objectives and courses/subjects were sought. Based on the findings, the researchers developed the proposed curriculum. This curriculum in conformity with the Commission on Higher Education standards consists of the following: 1. Core/Professional Orientation (12 units), Theory and Practice of Governance (3 units), Human Behavior in Organization (3 units), Leadership and Organization Change (3 units), Administrative Laws (3 units); 2. Research and Evaluation (6 units), Quantitative Methods of Management and Statistics (3 units), Research Techniques (3 units); 3. Major Subjects (15 units) on any of the following: Economic Development (3 units), Development Administration (3 units), Communication and Information Management (3 units), Public Management Issues (3 units), Ethics and Accountability in the Public Service (3 units), Environmental Management (3 units); 4. Thesis Writing (6 units). This study will be useful to schools or will offer a public sector management education course at the Master’s level as well as to the Commission on Higher Education for standard setting.
1998年10月在法国巴黎举行的联合国教科文组织世界高等教育大会通过了一项关于高等教育需要新愿景和新范式以应对21世纪挑战的全球宣言。本研究是为了回应这一呼吁,但仅在有限的公共部门管理教育硕士课程领域。本研究试图根据知识、技能和价值观的响应目标以及理论与实践之间的感知差距对现有课程进行评估。此外,它还试图确定学校管理人员、教师和学生(包括从业人员)对这些目标的看法之间的任何差异。这项研究采用了三个阶段的调查,将数据作为拟议课程的基础。第一阶段是要求66个教育机构提供公共行政硕士/相应课程的印刷材料。第二阶段是问卷调查,其中69/132(52%)的学校管理人员、112/198(56.5%)的教师、188/330(56.9%)的学生和76/76(100%)的从业人员参与问卷调查,总体回收率为60.4%。这些问卷是为了寻找研究中具体子问题的答案。第三份问卷发给所有回答了第二份问卷的受访者;我们征求了他们对拟议目标和课程/科目的意见。基于这些发现,研究人员制定了拟议的课程。该课程符合高等教育委员会的标准,包括以下内容:核心/专业方向(12学分)、治理理论与实践(3学分)、组织中的人的行为(3学分)、领导与组织变革(3学分)、行政法(3学分);2. 研究与评价(6个单元)、管理与统计定量方法(3个单元)、研究技术(3个单元);3.主修课程(15个学分):经济发展(3个学分)、发展管理(3个学分)、传播与信息管理(3个学分)、公共管理问题(3个学分)、公共服务中的道德与责任(3个学分)、环境管理(3个学分);4. 论文写作(6个单元)。这项研究将对学校或提供公共部门管理教育硕士课程,以及高等教育委员会制定标准有帮助。
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引用次数: 0
ASSESSMENT OF THE CUSTOMS ADMINISTRATION EFFICIENCY AS A TOOL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE EAEU 作为欧亚经济联盟发展工具的海关管理效率评估
IF 0.3 Q4 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.17323/1999-5431-2021-0-4-7-35
R. Davydov
The article deals with the topical issue of assessing the efficiency of customs administration as one of the tools for the development of the Eurasian Economic Union (hereinafter - the EAEU). It is noted that there are significant differences in approaches to assessing customs administration in the EAEU member states, which creates obstacles to further integration of the EAEU. A comparative analysis of the existing systems for assessing the activities of the customs authorities of the EAEU countries is carried out, which implies the need for unification and standardization of customs operations and procedures, customs administration in general. Based on a comparative analysis of the customs practice of the EAEU countries, as well as existing international experience in unifying the work of customs administrations for the development of economic integration, a proposal was put forward based on the case study of the EU to harmonize the systems for assessing the efficiency of customs administration in the Eurasian Economic Union as a tool for its economic development.
本文讨论了作为欧亚经济联盟(以下简称EAEU)发展工具之一的海关管理效率评估这一主题问题。值得注意的是,在评估欧亚经济联盟成员国海关管理的方法上存在重大差异,这为欧亚经济联盟的进一步一体化创造了障碍。对评估欧亚经济联盟国家海关当局活动的现有制度进行了比较分析,这意味着需要统一和标准化海关业务和程序,一般的海关管理。本文在比较分析欧亚经济联盟成员国海关实践的基础上,结合目前国际上统一海关管理工作以促进经济一体化发展的经验,以欧盟为例,提出了统一欧亚经济联盟海关管理效率评估体系以促进经济发展的建议。
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引用次数: 0
CITY MANAGER IN RUSSIA: BALANCE OF INTERESTS OR CONFLICT RISKS? 俄罗斯城市管理者:利益平衡还是冲突风险?
IF 0.3 Q4 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.17323/1999-5431-2021-0-4-114-136
E. Frolova, O. Rogach, V. Shalashnikova
The research is aimed at developing ideas and approaches to the implementation of the city manager model in modern Russian conditions. The research focuses on professionalization of municipal management, the practice of contractual hiring of city managers. There has recently been the acute controversy whether it is appropriate to implement the "city manager" model in modern Russian conditions, as there are cases of conflict interactions in political practice with the participation of a city manager. to the current study aimed to determine whether it is possible to balance interests and level conflict risks while optimizing the system for selecting and retaining professional personnel in municipalities. In order to answer this question we carried out a qualitative analysis of modern domestic and foreign studies, selected with the principle of scientific sources differentiation, as well as an expert survey of the heads of local authorities (582 experts from 76 regions of the Russian Federation), which made it possible to eliminate the "gap" between the theoretical substantiation models of a city manager in scientific literature and its real application in modern conditions. As a result of the study, the advantages and disadvantages of the "city manager" model were found, and the key mechanisms for reducing conflict risks during its implementation were identified. Based on the results obtained, we developed recommendations for changing the practice of hiring a city manager, which will eliminate the element of competition and confrontation in his interactions with the Head of the municipality, defining the hierarchical statuses of the two key figures of the municipality.
该研究旨在发展在现代俄罗斯条件下实施城市管理者模式的思想和方法。研究的重点是城市管理的专业化,合同聘用城市管理者的做法。最近,在现代俄罗斯的条件下是否适合实施“城市管理者”模式引起了激烈的争议,因为在城市管理者参与的政治实践中存在冲突互动的情况。本研究旨在确定是否有可能在优化城市专业人员选拔和保留制度的同时平衡利益和降低冲突风险。为了回答这个问题,我们对现代国内外研究进行了定性分析,选择了科学来源区分的原则,以及对地方当局负责人(来自俄罗斯联邦76个地区的582名专家)的专家调查,这使得有可能消除科学文献中城市管理者的理论证实模型与其在现代条件下的实际应用之间的“差距”。研究发现了“城市管理者”模式的优缺点,并确定了其实施过程中降低冲突风险的关键机制。根据所获得的结果,我们提出了改变聘用城市经理做法的建议,这将消除他与市政首脑互动中的竞争和对抗因素,确定市政当局两个关键人物的等级地位。
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引用次数: 1
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Voprosy Gosudarstvennogo i Munitsipalnogo Upravleniya-Public Administration Issues
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