The experiment was conducted at Warm Temperate Horticulture Center, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal with an aim to improve the yield and fruit quality of seedless table grape var. Himrod. Different treatments of GA3 (0 ppm,10 ppm, 20 ppm, 30 ppm, 40 ppm) were applied for two times on grape bunches after berry set. The quantitative and qualitative attributes of bunch and berry were recorded. Berry size, berry weight, berry volume, bunch weight and berry color were improved significantly in GA3 treated grape bunches whereas TA was significantly decreased. The effect of GA3 on berry diameter had significant impact on berry weight and berry volume, and thus in yield. As the yield of a vine is the product of bunch number and bunch weight, GA3 influenced the current season bunch weight by improving the berry attributes, and also affected quality attributes of grape berries in var. Himrod.
{"title":"Effect of Gibberellic Acid (GA3) on Yield and Fruit Quality of Table Grape var. Himrod in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal","authors":"P. Poudel, P. Atreya, K. Dahal","doi":"10.3126/aej.v23i1.46922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/aej.v23i1.46922","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was conducted at Warm Temperate Horticulture Center, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal with an aim to improve the yield and fruit quality of seedless table grape var. Himrod. Different treatments of GA3 (0 ppm,10 ppm, 20 ppm, 30 ppm, 40 ppm) were applied for two times on grape bunches after berry set. The quantitative and qualitative attributes of bunch and berry were recorded. Berry size, berry weight, berry volume, bunch weight and berry color were improved significantly in GA3 treated grape bunches whereas TA was significantly decreased. The effect of GA3 on berry diameter had significant impact on berry weight and berry volume, and thus in yield. As the yield of a vine is the product of bunch number and bunch weight, GA3 influenced the current season bunch weight by improving the berry attributes, and also affected quality attributes of grape berries in var. Himrod.","PeriodicalId":43365,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85881408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The biological and socio-ecological dimensions of alpine rangelands degradation by invasive species have been considered in a field survey conducted in two yaks (Bos grunniens) rearing areas i.e., Langtang National Park (LNP) and Kanchanjunga Conservation Area (KCA). Data were collected by herder’s interview using the well-prepared and pretested set of questionnaires (60), followed by a focus group discussion (FGD) and key informants survey (KIS) each five at each site by following a set of checklists. There was a common perception about the invasive species among the herders in the study sites. The Rumex nepalensis was the most invasive species reported (75% of the respondents) at altitudes up to 3000 m in the KCA, while it was additionally with Eupatorium adenophorum (60%) in the LNP, while the Lyonia and Juniperus were the common invasive species in both sites. Altogether, twelve plant species were reported as invasive and non-palatable species from various botanical groups were indifferent to the changes made by invasive species in rangelands soil characteristics but gave well insight into the declining productivity of grasslands and herbage productivity and quality. Herders established bush clearance and slash and burn agriculture in rangelands as traditional adaptation measures to control the invasive species. Mapping of risk zones of invasive and alien species in the alpine rangelands is necessary across the alpine rangelands of Nepal and a long-term monitoring framework is desirable to confirm the herder's information on invasive alpine species of Nepalese Himalayas.
{"title":"High Altitude Rangelands Invasion by Non-Palatable Plant Species in the Perception of Yak Herders","authors":"S. Barsila","doi":"10.3126/aej.v23i1.46871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/aej.v23i1.46871","url":null,"abstract":"The biological and socio-ecological dimensions of alpine rangelands degradation by invasive species have been considered in a field survey conducted in two yaks (Bos grunniens) rearing areas i.e., Langtang National Park (LNP) and Kanchanjunga Conservation Area (KCA). Data were collected by herder’s interview using the well-prepared and pretested set of questionnaires (60), followed by a focus group discussion (FGD) and key informants survey (KIS) each five at each site by following a set of checklists. There was a common perception about the invasive species among the herders in the study sites. The Rumex nepalensis was the most invasive species reported (75% of the respondents) at altitudes up to 3000 m in the KCA, while it was additionally with Eupatorium adenophorum (60%) in the LNP, while the Lyonia and Juniperus were the common invasive species in both sites. Altogether, twelve plant species were reported as invasive and non-palatable species from various botanical groups were indifferent to the changes made by invasive species in rangelands soil characteristics but gave well insight into the declining productivity of grasslands and herbage productivity and quality. Herders established bush clearance and slash and burn agriculture in rangelands as traditional adaptation measures to control the invasive species. Mapping of risk zones of invasive and alien species in the alpine rangelands is necessary across the alpine rangelands of Nepal and a long-term monitoring framework is desirable to confirm the herder's information on invasive alpine species of Nepalese Himalayas.","PeriodicalId":43365,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86410732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study, during period of 2018 and 2019, was conducted with an objective of assessing the farmers’ perspective on the pestilence of B. minax on their citrus orchards and following thereby its pest management measures in the selected eight citrus growing districts of Nepal. Respondent citrus growers were male dominated (75.8%) where Brahmin and Chhetri castes (54.3%) were dominantly involved in the citrus cultivation in the survey districts. Only 25.7% respondent citrus growers had above school level education. The highest reported land holding area, 2.35 ha, was in Sankhuwasabha district followed by Dhankuta (1.72 ha) and Syanjya (1.67 ha). According to the respondents, an average of 234.12 mandarin trees in Syanjya, 159.60 sweet orange trees in Sindhuli, 9.68 lemon trees in Sindhuli, and 11.83 lime trees in Gulmi were calculated maximum acreage of different citrus fruit trees by the each citrus grower. Among the cultivated Citrus spp., lemon fruit found to be extremely vulnerable to Chinese citrus fly infestation. Chinese citrus fly's maggot infestation peak in fruits in orchards was observed in October in the citrus crop cycle. Twenty citrus dominated districts in Nepal found to be regularly invaded of Chinese citrus fly in citrus particularly in lemon, sweet orange and mandarin.
{"title":"Farmers’ Perception on Pestilence and Management of Chinese Citrus Fly, Bactrocera minax (Enderlein) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Citrus Orchards of Nepal","authors":"D. Adhikari, R. Thapa, S. Joshi, J. Du","doi":"10.3126/aej.v23i1.46928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/aej.v23i1.46928","url":null,"abstract":"This study, during period of 2018 and 2019, was conducted with an objective of assessing the farmers’ perspective on the pestilence of B. minax on their citrus orchards and following thereby its pest management measures in the selected eight citrus growing districts of Nepal. Respondent citrus growers were male dominated (75.8%) where Brahmin and Chhetri castes (54.3%) were dominantly involved in the citrus cultivation in the survey districts. Only 25.7% respondent citrus growers had above school level education. The highest reported land holding area, 2.35 ha, was in Sankhuwasabha district followed by Dhankuta (1.72 ha) and Syanjya (1.67 ha). According to the respondents, an average of 234.12 mandarin trees in Syanjya, 159.60 sweet orange trees in Sindhuli, 9.68 lemon trees in Sindhuli, and 11.83 lime trees in Gulmi were calculated maximum acreage of different citrus fruit trees by the each citrus grower. Among the cultivated Citrus spp., lemon fruit found to be extremely vulnerable to Chinese citrus fly infestation. Chinese citrus fly's maggot infestation peak in fruits in orchards was observed in October in the citrus crop cycle. Twenty citrus dominated districts in Nepal found to be regularly invaded of Chinese citrus fly in citrus particularly in lemon, sweet orange and mandarin.","PeriodicalId":43365,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77942644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As maize is a C4 plant it is expected to have greater productivity however, its production and productivity are not found to its potential. Therefore, to evaluate the effect of detasseling and defoliation to increase the productivity, a field experiment was conducted on sweetcorn at Khotang, Nepal in 2021. The study was executed in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications and seven treatments. The results revealed that number of kernels (608.46), number of rows (15.20), 1000 grains weight (210.68gm) were recorded significantly higher in the plot where 50% plants were detasselled. It clearly shows that 50% detasseling is one of the best options to enhance the yield of sweetcorn followed by detasseling + defoliation of all leaves leaving three leaves below the ear.
{"title":"Effect of Detasseling and Defoliation in the Yield of Sweetcorn in Khotang District of Nepal","authors":"P. Bhandari, S. Poudel, M. Aryal, S. Dhungana","doi":"10.3126/aej.v23i1.46872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/aej.v23i1.46872","url":null,"abstract":"As maize is a C4 plant it is expected to have greater productivity however, its production and productivity are not found to its potential. Therefore, to evaluate the effect of detasseling and defoliation to increase the productivity, a field experiment was conducted on sweetcorn at Khotang, Nepal in 2021. The study was executed in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications and seven treatments. The results revealed that number of kernels (608.46), number of rows (15.20), 1000 grains weight (210.68gm) were recorded significantly higher in the plot where 50% plants were detasselled. It clearly shows that 50% detasseling is one of the best options to enhance the yield of sweetcorn followed by detasseling + defoliation of all leaves leaving three leaves below the ear.","PeriodicalId":43365,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88957517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Khanal, S. Timilsina, N. Poudel, A. Rijal, S. Khanal
Kiwifruit is usually propagated by grafting and cutting. Suitable method of grafting in Kiwifruit should be identified to elaborate the commercial production. To evaluate the success rate of scion varieties with different grafting methods in Kiwifruit a study was conducted for two consecutive years 2018 and 2019 at Lumle, Kaski. Five different varieties of Kiwifruit as scion (Allison, Bruno, Hayward Oblong, Hayward Oval and Monty) and three different grafting methods (tongue, veneer and wedge) were used to identify successful method of grafting in Kiwifruit. Grafting was done on January 1st and 2nd in both years. In the first year, shoot length was recorded highest in Hayward Oblong with veneer grafting (96.10cm) whereas shoot diameter was obtained highest in Monty with wedge grafting (6.61mm). Similarly in the second year shoot length was recorded highest in Hayward Oblong with veneer grafting (97.10 cm) and shoot diameter was observed highest in Monty with wedge grafting (6.71mm). In both years, the highest (100%) graft success was recorded in Allison with wedge grafting.
{"title":"Evaluation of Different Grafting Methods in Promising Kiwifruit Varieties at Lumle, Kaski, Nepal","authors":"A. Khanal, S. Timilsina, N. Poudel, A. Rijal, S. Khanal","doi":"10.3126/aej.v23i1.46874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/aej.v23i1.46874","url":null,"abstract":"Kiwifruit is usually propagated by grafting and cutting. Suitable method of grafting in Kiwifruit should be identified to elaborate the commercial production. To evaluate the success rate of scion varieties with different grafting methods in Kiwifruit a study was conducted for two consecutive years 2018 and 2019 at Lumle, Kaski. Five different varieties of Kiwifruit as scion (Allison, Bruno, Hayward Oblong, Hayward Oval and Monty) and three different grafting methods (tongue, veneer and wedge) were used to identify successful method of grafting in Kiwifruit. Grafting was done on January 1st and 2nd in both years. In the first year, shoot length was recorded highest in Hayward Oblong with veneer grafting (96.10cm) whereas shoot diameter was obtained highest in Monty with wedge grafting (6.61mm). Similarly in the second year shoot length was recorded highest in Hayward Oblong with veneer grafting (97.10 cm) and shoot diameter was observed highest in Monty with wedge grafting (6.71mm). In both years, the highest (100%) graft success was recorded in Allison with wedge grafting.","PeriodicalId":43365,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88700748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-13DOI: 10.23649/JAE.2021.3.19.7
A. Chursin, A. Nikitina, Anna Kagina
The current situation associated with the development of the agro-industrial complex of the Middle Volga region affects the development of the economy of the state as a whole. Agriculture is one of the most important sectors of the Russian economy, while the agro-industrial complex aims to unite all sectors that help to develop agricultural activities. This article examines the economy of each region of the Middle Volga region and the development strategy of the agro-industrial complex. It also provides proposals for the implementation of a set of measures to improve and increase agricultural productivity.
{"title":"РАЗВИТИЕ АГРОПРОМЫШЛЕННОГО КОМПЛЕКСА СРЕДНЕГО ПОВОЛЖЬЯ","authors":"A. Chursin, A. Nikitina, Anna Kagina","doi":"10.23649/JAE.2021.3.19.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23649/JAE.2021.3.19.7","url":null,"abstract":"The current situation associated with the development of the agro-industrial complex of the Middle Volga region affects the development of the economy of the state as a whole. Agriculture is one of the most important sectors of the Russian economy, while the agro-industrial complex aims to unite all sectors that help to develop agricultural activities. This article examines the economy of each region of the Middle Volga region and the development strategy of the agro-industrial complex. It also provides proposals for the implementation of a set of measures to improve and increase agricultural productivity.","PeriodicalId":43365,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74981955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-13DOI: 10.23649/JAE.2021.3.19.5
Valerij Terletskiy, V. Tyshchenko
An important problem of fish farming in is the accumulation of organic matter and ammonia in the water reservoir. Breeding work in fish populations is carried out using both mass selection and individual selection in families (family selection). Data on the genetic characteristics of trout, such as natural polyploidy and high genetic variability at quantitative traits, are presented. The purpose of the review is to consider the issues of modern technology for fish breeding to show the fesibility of bacterial water purification during its recirculation in water systems, to summarize the latest achievements of genetics and biotechnology that have found application in industrial fish farming in the country. The review considers biotechnological solutions to the problem of the accumulation of organic substances and ammonia in water by fish breeding and selection of effective bacterial strains that make it possible to utilize these harmful substances, thus, reducing their concentration in water to an acceptable level. In this regard, the Dyadobacter sp. and Janthinobacterium sp., which, when used in combination, provide a comfortable environment for growing Rainbow Trout. At the same time, the concentration of ammonia in water declines from 13.2 ± 2.1 μg/ml to 8.8 ± 1.8 μg/ml, which meets the normative values. Thus, the review presents a detailed picture of the biological characteristics of trout fish, showing their potential for further genetic, breeding, and biotechnological research.
{"title":"RAINBOW TROUT: BIOTECHNOLOGICAL AND GENETIC ASPECTS OF FARMING AND BREEDING","authors":"Valerij Terletskiy, V. Tyshchenko","doi":"10.23649/JAE.2021.3.19.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23649/JAE.2021.3.19.5","url":null,"abstract":"An important problem of fish farming in is the accumulation of organic matter and ammonia in the water reservoir. Breeding work in fish populations is carried out using both mass selection and individual selection in families (family selection). Data on the genetic characteristics of trout, such as natural polyploidy and high genetic variability at quantitative traits, are presented. The purpose of the review is to consider the issues of modern technology for fish breeding to show the fesibility of bacterial water purification during its recirculation in water systems, to summarize the latest achievements of genetics and biotechnology that have found application in industrial fish farming in the country. The review considers biotechnological solutions to the problem of the accumulation of organic substances and ammonia in water by fish breeding and selection of effective bacterial strains that make it possible to utilize these harmful substances, thus, reducing their concentration in water to an acceptable level. In this regard, the Dyadobacter sp. and Janthinobacterium sp., which, when used in combination, provide a comfortable environment for growing Rainbow Trout. At the same time, the concentration of ammonia in water declines from 13.2 ± 2.1 μg/ml to 8.8 ± 1.8 μg/ml, which meets the normative values. Thus, the review presents a detailed picture of the biological characteristics of trout fish, showing their potential for further genetic, breeding, and biotechnological research.","PeriodicalId":43365,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75182291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is continuum of agricultural production systems between highly agrochemical intensive farming and pure organic system. The current certification system in Nepal involve two levels – organic and good agriculture practice (GAP). Other middle-way alternatives for safe food like traditional and pesticide-free systems have not been considered for certification. This paper analyses various safe-food production regimes and explore potential for integrated multi-label food-safety certification system. Taking four typologies with varied levels of food safety i.e. traditional, good agriculture practice (GAP), pesticide-free and organic products as alternatives to input-intensive production systems, this paper concludes that the integrated multi-label food safety certification system would provide choice for consumers to make price and food-safety trade-off. Labelled safer food alternatives would enable consumers to choose and pay for their safe-food need and increase consumption of safer food contributing to sustainable growth of agriculture sector
{"title":"Safe Food Production Regimes and Potentiality of Integrated Multi-Level Food Certification System in Nepal","authors":"J. Pandit, Y. Karki, D. Gauchan, B. Paudel","doi":"10.3126/aej.v22i0.46817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/aej.v22i0.46817","url":null,"abstract":"There is continuum of agricultural production systems between highly agrochemical intensive farming and pure organic system. The current certification system in Nepal involve two levels – organic and good agriculture practice (GAP). Other middle-way alternatives for safe food like traditional and pesticide-free systems have not been considered for certification. This paper analyses various safe-food production regimes and explore potential for integrated multi-label food-safety certification system. Taking four typologies with varied levels of food safety i.e. traditional, good agriculture practice (GAP), pesticide-free and organic products as alternatives to input-intensive production systems, this paper concludes that the integrated multi-label food safety certification system would provide choice for consumers to make price and food-safety trade-off. Labelled safer food alternatives would enable consumers to choose and pay for their safe-food need and increase consumption of safer food contributing to sustainable growth of agriculture sector","PeriodicalId":43365,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90316906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cabbage butterfly, Pieris brassicae nepalensis is an economic pest of crucifer crops. Morphometrics and life cycle study of P. brassicae was carried out in room condition at Barhabasti, Ilam, Nepal to understand their general morphology and life cycle. Based on the results of morphometric parameters, the mean length of egg, larva (I - V instars), pre-pupa, pupa and adult was measured 1.28 mm, 3.97 mm, 8.50 mm, 20.78 mm, 33.6 mm, 38.72 mm, 39.32 mm, 26.04 mm, and 24.08, respectively. The adult wingspan of female was greater than male wingspan. The adult butterflies were pale white with dense hairs and the females contain two small (black) dots in the central area of each forewing and one (black) dot in males. Egg, larval (I to V instars), pre-pupa and pupal life durations were 4 to 5 days, 3-5 days, 4-6 days, 4-5 days, 4-5 days, 4-6 days, 1-2 days, 8-10 days, respectively. The total development period from egg to adult was 32 to 44 days. This information’s are useful for ecologist and to develop an integrated pest management protocol.
{"title":"Morphometrics and Life Cycle Study of Cabbage Butterfly, Pieris brassicae nepalensis (Doubleday) in Ilam, Nepal","authors":"A. Subedi, Shraddhesh Kumar Tiwari","doi":"10.3126/aej.v22i0.46815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/aej.v22i0.46815","url":null,"abstract":"Cabbage butterfly, Pieris brassicae nepalensis is an economic pest of crucifer crops. Morphometrics and life cycle study of P. brassicae was carried out in room condition at Barhabasti, Ilam, Nepal to understand their general morphology and life cycle. Based on the results of morphometric parameters, the mean length of egg, larva (I - V instars), pre-pupa, pupa and adult was measured 1.28 mm, 3.97 mm, 8.50 mm, 20.78 mm, 33.6 mm, 38.72 mm, 39.32 mm, 26.04 mm, and 24.08, respectively. The adult wingspan of female was greater than male wingspan. The adult butterflies were pale white with dense hairs and the females contain two small (black) dots in the central area of each forewing and one (black) dot in males. Egg, larval (I to V instars), pre-pupa and pupal life durations were 4 to 5 days, 3-5 days, 4-6 days, 4-5 days, 4-5 days, 4-6 days, 1-2 days, 8-10 days, respectively. The total development period from egg to adult was 32 to 44 days. This information’s are useful for ecologist and to develop an integrated pest management protocol.","PeriodicalId":43365,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development","volume":"160 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77209716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Modern agriculture is the era of 21st century. Competency is an indispensable in every aspect of delivering services to their ultimate users. Competency is integration of skills, knowledge, attitude and behavior that trigger to perform the delegated services in precise and methodical manner. The objective of this study was to identify important core competency required and its acquisition barrier for extension advisors of Nepalese agriculture extension service. Data were obtained using survey questionnaire from officers working at federal, state and local government offices of the selected 18 districts. The questionnaire was composed of open and close-ended questions based on 56 indicators of the nine core competencies. The descriptive statistics were used to analyze the responses. The findings indicated respondent perceptions on its all nine core competencies- program planning, program implementation, communication skills, extension education and information technology, program evaluation, personal and professional development, diversity, subject matter expertise and emotional intelligence from important to very important ranges. Subject matter expertise was perceived most important and communication skills as least one. Subject matter expertise, extension education and information technology skills positively correlate with education. The limited training opportunities and high cost for acquiring training personally are major barriers to gain competencies.
{"title":"Assessment of Desired Core Competencies and its Acquisition Barriers of Agricultural Extension Advisors in Nepal","authors":"R. K. Mehta, O. Singh, U. Sigdel, N. R. Joshi","doi":"10.3126/aej.v22i0.46819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/aej.v22i0.46819","url":null,"abstract":"Modern agriculture is the era of 21st century. Competency is an indispensable in every aspect of delivering services to their ultimate users. Competency is integration of skills, knowledge, attitude and behavior that trigger to perform the delegated services in precise and methodical manner. The objective of this study was to identify important core competency required and its acquisition barrier for extension advisors of Nepalese agriculture extension service. Data were obtained using survey questionnaire from officers working at federal, state and local government offices of the selected 18 districts. The questionnaire was composed of open and close-ended questions based on 56 indicators of the nine core competencies. The descriptive statistics were used to analyze the responses. The findings indicated respondent perceptions on its all nine core competencies- program planning, program implementation, communication skills, extension education and information technology, program evaluation, personal and professional development, diversity, subject matter expertise and emotional intelligence from important to very important ranges. Subject matter expertise was perceived most important and communication skills as least one. Subject matter expertise, extension education and information technology skills positively correlate with education. The limited training opportunities and high cost for acquiring training personally are major barriers to gain competencies.","PeriodicalId":43365,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80639850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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