B. Sapkota, R. Regmi, R. B. Thapa, Shraddhesh Kumar Tiwari
Diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) is an important pest of crucifer crops. It greatly reduced both yield and crop quality on cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata). The field study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of two trap plants: Indian mustard (Brassica juncea), and Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) from November 2018 to March 2019 in Chitwan, Nepal. Diamondback moths’ population were similar in trap plants but was significantly lower as compared to the control plot. Diamondback moth larvae population was lower during early vegetative growth stages whereas trapping efficacy of trap crops were gradually reduced with the development of maturity in trap plants. The lowest damage of wrapper leaves were obtained in Indian mustard deployed trap plant followed by buckwheat trap plant and control respectively; however, the yield was similar in all treatments. In addition, natural enemies were observed higher in traps crops deployed plots compared to the control plots. Therefore, trap plants can be used as an alternative sustainable pest management tool to manage diamondback moth as well as increase the abundance of natural enemies.
{"title":"Indian Mustard and Buckwheat as Trap Plants of Diamondback Moth (Plutella xylostella L.) in Cabbage Cultivation","authors":"B. Sapkota, R. Regmi, R. B. Thapa, Shraddhesh Kumar Tiwari","doi":"10.3126/aej.v23i1.46921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/aej.v23i1.46921","url":null,"abstract":"Diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) is an important pest of crucifer crops. It greatly reduced both yield and crop quality on cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata). The field study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of two trap plants: Indian mustard (Brassica juncea), and Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) from November 2018 to March 2019 in Chitwan, Nepal. Diamondback moths’ population were similar in trap plants but was significantly lower as compared to the control plot. Diamondback moth larvae population was lower during early vegetative growth stages whereas trapping efficacy of trap crops were gradually reduced with the development of maturity in trap plants. The lowest damage of wrapper leaves were obtained in Indian mustard deployed trap plant followed by buckwheat trap plant and control respectively; however, the yield was similar in all treatments. In addition, natural enemies were observed higher in traps crops deployed plots compared to the control plots. Therefore, trap plants can be used as an alternative sustainable pest management tool to manage diamondback moth as well as increase the abundance of natural enemies.","PeriodicalId":43365,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91059342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The credit and financial access are urgent needs for agricultural development. This paper has attempted to find out present status of agricultural credit and their prevalent challenges and problems. The study is fully based on the statistical data, reports and findings of MoALD, MoF, NPC, NRB, and other relevant publications. The Government has targeted to expand agricultural credit through banking and financial institutions (BFIs) by implementing several acts, policies, strategies and programs through NRB, MoALD and MoF. However, constraints like credit ceiling, high value collateral demand, limited redemption facilities, limited agriculture insurance, financial illiteracy, lack of farmer friendly technologies, and poor monitoring and regulation of BFIs are responsible for lower credit expansion. Thus to promote and motivate BFIs and farmers to invest in agriculture, government need to address these challenges. The study also suggests to segregate farmer according to demand of credit volume and expand the branchless banking.
{"title":"Credit and Financial Access in Nepalese Agriculture: Prospects and Challenges","authors":"A. Pandey","doi":"10.3126/aej.v23i1.46868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/aej.v23i1.46868","url":null,"abstract":"The credit and financial access are urgent needs for agricultural development. This paper has attempted to find out present status of agricultural credit and their prevalent challenges and problems. The study is fully based on the statistical data, reports and findings of MoALD, MoF, NPC, NRB, and other relevant publications. The Government has targeted to expand agricultural credit through banking and financial institutions (BFIs) by implementing several acts, policies, strategies and programs through NRB, MoALD and MoF. However, constraints like credit ceiling, high value collateral demand, limited redemption facilities, limited agriculture insurance, financial illiteracy, lack of farmer friendly technologies, and poor monitoring and regulation of BFIs are responsible for lower credit expansion. Thus to promote and motivate BFIs and farmers to invest in agriculture, government need to address these challenges. The study also suggests to segregate farmer according to demand of credit volume and expand the branchless banking.","PeriodicalId":43365,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88901133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Timilsina, A. Khanal, R. P. Tandan, C. R. Bam, S. Devkota
A detailed soil inventory study using Global Positioning System (GPS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) was conducted in Nalgad Municipality of Jajarkot, Nepal in 2019. A preliminary reconnaissance survey during pre–field activities and detail field work was carried out to study the soil type and physico-chemical properties based on the soil pit. A total of 51 soil pits were taken in the field representing varied micro topography. Soil Sample pits covering all the units were dug based on the interpreted soil map, topographical map, ZY-3 Satellite imagery for determination of soil profile. Soil classification of the area was done based on the USDA soil taxonomy and the dominant soil orders found in the region were Entisols (15.13 %) and Inceptisols (83.60%). A total of 51 geo-referenced composite soil samples from a depth of 0-20 cm was collected from each pit and analyzed in laboratory for texture, soil pH, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and exchangeable potassium. Majority of the soil are loam and loamy sand type. There is very low to high level of organic matter present in the study area with more proportion of land under high range of organic matter (64.98%). Total Nitrogen content in soil of the study area ranges from very low to very high level with high level of Nitrogen (65.51%) in major proportion. Low to very high level of available phosphorous content was found in the study area with the dominance of very high level of phosphorous (71.40%). Exchangeable Potassium level in the study area is very high to low. Around 42% land have very high level of potassium. From the soil test result, major nutrients status in soil were found to be good but integrated land management practices should be encouraged for improving land productivity. The generated soil maps may be helpful to stakeholders for planning, monitoring and evaluating the soil status for effective agricultural production.
{"title":"Assessment of the Spatial Distribution and Mapping Soil Physico-Chemical Properties of Nalgad Municipality, Jajarkot, Nepal","authors":"S. Timilsina, A. Khanal, R. P. Tandan, C. R. Bam, S. Devkota","doi":"10.3126/aej.v23i1.46863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/aej.v23i1.46863","url":null,"abstract":"A detailed soil inventory study using Global Positioning System (GPS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) was conducted in Nalgad Municipality of Jajarkot, Nepal in 2019. A preliminary reconnaissance survey during pre–field activities and detail field work was carried out to study the soil type and physico-chemical properties based on the soil pit. A total of 51 soil pits were taken in the field representing varied micro topography. Soil Sample pits covering all the units were dug based on the interpreted soil map, topographical map, ZY-3 Satellite imagery for determination of soil profile. Soil classification of the area was done based on the USDA soil taxonomy and the dominant soil orders found in the region were Entisols (15.13 %) and Inceptisols (83.60%). A total of 51 geo-referenced composite soil samples from a depth of 0-20 cm was collected from each pit and analyzed in laboratory for texture, soil pH, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and exchangeable potassium. Majority of the soil are loam and loamy sand type. There is very low to high level of organic matter present in the study area with more proportion of land under high range of organic matter (64.98%). Total Nitrogen content in soil of the study area ranges from very low to very high level with high level of Nitrogen (65.51%) in major proportion. Low to very high level of available phosphorous content was found in the study area with the dominance of very high level of phosphorous (71.40%). Exchangeable Potassium level in the study area is very high to low. Around 42% land have very high level of potassium. From the soil test result, major nutrients status in soil were found to be good but integrated land management practices should be encouraged for improving land productivity. The generated soil maps may be helpful to stakeholders for planning, monitoring and evaluating the soil status for effective agricultural production.","PeriodicalId":43365,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86351994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Bhandari, S. Shrestha, H. Manandhar, B. Bhattarai, L. Aryal
Alternaria blight disease causes both yield and quality loss in Brassica crops. A field evaluation of ten rapeseed genotypes against Alternaria blight disease was conducted during November 2018 to February 2019 in Parasi, Nawalparasi-west district. Experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with individual plot size of 2.25 m2 with three replications. Post-harvest in-vitro seed infection test was done in a completely randomized design with four replications. Disease scoring was done as percentage of leaf area and pod infection on individual 15 sample plants per plot at seven days intervals. Genotype ICT 2001-35 was found moderately resistant based on categorization of mean leaf AUDPC (308.52) and mean pod infection AUDPC values (391.48) with low seed infection (12.50%). Preeti, Bikash and Pragati showed highly susceptible reactions to both leaf blight and pod infection. Therefore, genotype ICT 2001-35 could be used in a varietal improvement program for disease resistance against Alternaria blight.
{"title":"Evaluation of Rapeseed Genotypes against Alternaria Blight under Field Conditions in Nawalparasi-West, Nepal","authors":"S. Bhandari, S. Shrestha, H. Manandhar, B. Bhattarai, L. Aryal","doi":"10.3126/aej.v23i1.46865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/aej.v23i1.46865","url":null,"abstract":"Alternaria blight disease causes both yield and quality loss in Brassica crops. A field evaluation of ten rapeseed genotypes against Alternaria blight disease was conducted during November 2018 to February 2019 in Parasi, Nawalparasi-west district. Experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with individual plot size of 2.25 m2 with three replications. Post-harvest in-vitro seed infection test was done in a completely randomized design with four replications. Disease scoring was done as percentage of leaf area and pod infection on individual 15 sample plants per plot at seven days intervals. Genotype ICT 2001-35 was found moderately resistant based on categorization of mean leaf AUDPC (308.52) and mean pod infection AUDPC values (391.48) with low seed infection (12.50%). Preeti, Bikash and Pragati showed highly susceptible reactions to both leaf blight and pod infection. Therefore, genotype ICT 2001-35 could be used in a varietal improvement program for disease resistance against Alternaria blight.","PeriodicalId":43365,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85043867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Adhikari, S. Shrestha, H. Manandhar, S. Marahatta
Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. is prevalent in leguminous and solanaceous crops but over the last five years, its severity has increased in several crops such as rice, onion and chilli in Nepal. A study on cross infectivity of S. rolfsii was carried out in March, 2019 at Agriculture and Forestry University, Chitwan. S. rolfsii were isolated from eight crop species viz. rice, lentil, rajma, onion, chickpea, rapeseed, soybean, and chilli. Cross infectivity of the eight isolates was done on the seven crop species in artificially inoculated soils in a screen house. Morphological characters such as mycelial growth rate, number of sclerotia formed, and size of sclerotia were studied. Morphological characters of the S. rolfsii varied among the isolates. All crop species tested were found to be susceptible to all isolates except onion isolate. Germination percentage was greatly reduced (80%) in rajma. Post emergence seedling mortality ranged between 10% in rice and chilli and 100% in chickpea, mustard lentil and rajma. The results of the present study indicate that management strategies of this pathogen should incorporate selection of non-host crops such as maize for crop rotation which helps to prevent build-up of inoculum.
{"title":"Morphology and Cross Infectivity of Sclerotium rolfsii sacc. Isolated from Different Host Plants in Nepal","authors":"P. Adhikari, S. Shrestha, H. Manandhar, S. Marahatta","doi":"10.3126/aej.v23i1.46926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/aej.v23i1.46926","url":null,"abstract":"Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. is prevalent in leguminous and solanaceous crops but over the last five years, its severity has increased in several crops such as rice, onion and chilli in Nepal. A study on cross infectivity of S. rolfsii was carried out in March, 2019 at Agriculture and Forestry University, Chitwan. S. rolfsii were isolated from eight crop species viz. rice, lentil, rajma, onion, chickpea, rapeseed, soybean, and chilli. Cross infectivity of the eight isolates was done on the seven crop species in artificially inoculated soils in a screen house. Morphological characters such as mycelial growth rate, number of sclerotia formed, and size of sclerotia were studied. Morphological characters of the S. rolfsii varied among the isolates. All crop species tested were found to be susceptible to all isolates except onion isolate. Germination percentage was greatly reduced (80%) in rajma. Post emergence seedling mortality ranged between 10% in rice and chilli and 100% in chickpea, mustard lentil and rajma. The results of the present study indicate that management strategies of this pathogen should incorporate selection of non-host crops such as maize for crop rotation which helps to prevent build-up of inoculum.","PeriodicalId":43365,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77859448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Timilsina, M. Khanal, R. Pradhan, A. Bhattarai, M. Sapkota
This study was conducted to identify the factors affecting the adoption of banana insurance in Chitwan district of Nepal. A total of 160 samples (80 insurers and 80 non-insurers of banana producers) were selected randomly to collect primary data. Primary data were collected by conducting household survey using personal interview method in the month of September 2019. The logit model was used to identify the factors affecting the adoption of banana insurance policy among farmers. The result showed that the explanatory variables, area under banana cultivation, membership to cooperatives, and awareness about the agriculture insurance, perception of farmer about the necessity of crop insurance, agriculture extension services, and age of banana orchard were significantly contributing to the adoption of banana insurance policy. It also revealed that organization of awareness program, mobilization of groups and cooperatives were the important tools to promote banana insurance program. The findings would be helpful to make the insurance program more effective and hence increase the adoption of insurance policy and ultimately benefit farmers by enhancing their ability to manage risks in agriculture.
{"title":"Determinants of Farmers' Participation in Banana Insurance in Chitwan District, Nepal","authors":"S. Timilsina, M. Khanal, R. Pradhan, A. Bhattarai, M. Sapkota","doi":"10.3126/aej.v23i1.46844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/aej.v23i1.46844","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to identify the factors affecting the adoption of banana insurance in Chitwan district of Nepal. A total of 160 samples (80 insurers and 80 non-insurers of banana producers) were selected randomly to collect primary data. Primary data were collected by conducting household survey using personal interview method in the month of September 2019. The logit model was used to identify the factors affecting the adoption of banana insurance policy among farmers. The result showed that the explanatory variables, area under banana cultivation, membership to cooperatives, and awareness about the agriculture insurance, perception of farmer about the necessity of crop insurance, agriculture extension services, and age of banana orchard were significantly contributing to the adoption of banana insurance policy. It also revealed that organization of awareness program, mobilization of groups and cooperatives were the important tools to promote banana insurance program. The findings would be helpful to make the insurance program more effective and hence increase the adoption of insurance policy and ultimately benefit farmers by enhancing their ability to manage risks in agriculture. ","PeriodicalId":43365,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87736725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Khanal, S. Sah, M. Acharya, S. Marahatta, M. Neupane
The application of blanket recommendation of nitrogen fertilizer leads to over or under fertilization. There is need to synchronize the N fertilizer application with plant demand. Field experiment was conducted during 2019 -2020 in Chitwan to assess the yield, nitrogen use efficiencies and economics of wheat production under precision N management compared with fixed time N management. Experiment was laid out in split plot design with sixteen treatments and three replications. The main plot treatments were varieties Vijay and Banganga and subplot treatments were three SPAD readings (≤35, ≤40, ≤45), two LCC readings (≤4, ≤5), Nutrient expert tool, fixed time nitrogen management(FTNM) with national recommended dose and control (zero N). The research result showed that varieties did not differ in yield and economics. Precision nitrogen management with SPAD≤45 and LCC≤5 consumed higher nitrogen doses and produced better yield attributes and yield (5585 and 5385 kgha-1 respectively) compared with FTNM. The agronomic use efficiency of nitrogen (AEN), recovery efficiency (REN), partial factor productivity (PFP were highest at LCC≤4 which consumed less nitrogen. SPAD≤35, LCC≤4 and NE treatments saved 15, 35 and 20 kgha-1 N respectively without compromising the yield obtained in FTNM. But, the benefit: cost ratio was highest at LCC≤5.Therefore, in terms of yield and profitability of wheat production, LCC≤5 is better than other treatments. The present national recommended dose of nitrogen to wheat crop is insufficient to achieve higher yield in Chitwan condition.
{"title":"Precision Nitrogen Management in Wheat at Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal","authors":"P. Khanal, S. Sah, M. Acharya, S. Marahatta, M. Neupane","doi":"10.3126/aej.v23i1.46923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/aej.v23i1.46923","url":null,"abstract":"The application of blanket recommendation of nitrogen fertilizer leads to over or under fertilization. There is need to synchronize the N fertilizer application with plant demand. Field experiment was conducted during 2019 -2020 in Chitwan to assess the yield, nitrogen use efficiencies and economics of wheat production under precision N management compared with fixed time N management. Experiment was laid out in split plot design with sixteen treatments and three replications. The main plot treatments were varieties Vijay and Banganga and subplot treatments were three SPAD readings (≤35, ≤40, ≤45), two LCC readings (≤4, ≤5), Nutrient expert tool, fixed time nitrogen management(FTNM) with national recommended dose and control (zero N). The research result showed that varieties did not differ in yield and economics. Precision nitrogen management with SPAD≤45 and LCC≤5 consumed higher nitrogen doses and produced better yield attributes and yield (5585 and 5385 kgha-1 respectively) compared with FTNM. The agronomic use efficiency of nitrogen (AEN), recovery efficiency (REN), partial factor productivity (PFP were highest at LCC≤4 which consumed less nitrogen. SPAD≤35, LCC≤4 and NE treatments saved 15, 35 and 20 kgha-1 N respectively without compromising the yield obtained in FTNM. But, the benefit: cost ratio was highest at LCC≤5.Therefore, in terms of yield and profitability of wheat production, LCC≤5 is better than other treatments. The present national recommended dose of nitrogen to wheat crop is insufficient to achieve higher yield in Chitwan condition.","PeriodicalId":43365,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78662131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Khanal, B. K. Joshi, R. Shrestha, Sabnam Shivakoti, A. Bhusal, S. Shrestha
A study was conducted to find out interlink, assessing the implementation status, challenges and opportunities in mainstreaming the nexus of agro biodiversity, food and nutrition and climate change in policies and programs. An online survey tool (mwater) was used to deploy the pretested questionnaire to different professionals of Nepal. Out of 500 deployment, 54 responses were obtained. In most of the questions farmers were unable to decide the extent of interlink and implementation status, however, other professional groups perceived the linkage to be weak to moderate. Moreover, the implementation status of these policies were discerned to be less satisfactory. The opportunities and challenges are to be considered while plotting the action. For doing so, institutional setup for implementation and monitoring need to strengthen with wide consultation from policy formulation to implementation, impact assessment and review for having greater impacts on farming communities.
{"title":"Perceptive Study on Policy Interlinkage and Institutional Arrangement of Agrobiodiversity with Climate Change, Food And Nutrition","authors":"S. Khanal, B. K. Joshi, R. Shrestha, Sabnam Shivakoti, A. Bhusal, S. Shrestha","doi":"10.3126/aej.v23i1.46864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/aej.v23i1.46864","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted to find out interlink, assessing the implementation status, challenges and opportunities in mainstreaming the nexus of agro biodiversity, food and nutrition and climate change in policies and programs. An online survey tool (mwater) was used to deploy the pretested questionnaire to different professionals of Nepal. Out of 500 deployment, 54 responses were obtained. In most of the questions farmers were unable to decide the extent of interlink and implementation status, however, other professional groups perceived the linkage to be weak to moderate. Moreover, the implementation status of these policies were discerned to be less satisfactory. The opportunities and challenges are to be considered while plotting the action. For doing so, institutional setup for implementation and monitoring need to strengthen with wide consultation from policy formulation to implementation, impact assessment and review for having greater impacts on farming communities.","PeriodicalId":43365,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89664636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Basyal, R. Sapkota, A.S.R. Bajryacharya, S. Bhattarai
A laboratory study was conducted with the aim of evaluating efficacy of different botanical insecticides against weevil in storage with four replication in completely randomized design. Seven plant materials; Acorus calamus Linn., Piper nigrum Linn., Zanthoxylum armatum DC., Azedarachta indica A. Juss., Melia azedarach Linn., Justicia adhatoda Linn., and Artemisia vulgaris Linn. were compared along with control. Maize samples were infested with S. zeamais at the rate of 4 pair adults/50 g. At 120 days of treatment, the highest and lowest number of weevil progeny (19.75 and 0.70), and grain damage % (19.50% and 0.21%) was recorded in control and A. calamus. Similarly, weight loss% was the highest on control (7.03%) and lowest on A. calamus (1.80%), followed by A. indica (2.79%) and P. nigrum (3.13%), respectively.100% weevil mortality was observed in A. calamus and P. nigrum treated grains within 14 and 21 days. A. calamus was found more effective for weevil management in storage.
{"title":"Use of Botanicals for Management of Weevil (Sitophilus zeamais motschulky) in Maize Storage","authors":"K. Basyal, R. Sapkota, A.S.R. Bajryacharya, S. Bhattarai","doi":"10.3126/aej.v23i1.46925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/aej.v23i1.46925","url":null,"abstract":"A laboratory study was conducted with the aim of evaluating efficacy of different botanical insecticides against weevil in storage with four replication in completely randomized design. Seven plant materials; Acorus calamus Linn., Piper nigrum Linn., Zanthoxylum armatum DC., Azedarachta indica A. Juss., Melia azedarach Linn., Justicia adhatoda Linn., and Artemisia vulgaris Linn. were compared along with control. Maize samples were infested with S. zeamais at the rate of 4 pair adults/50 g. At 120 days of treatment, the highest and lowest number of weevil progeny (19.75 and 0.70), and grain damage % (19.50% and 0.21%) was recorded in control and A. calamus. Similarly, weight loss% was the highest on control (7.03%) and lowest on A. calamus (1.80%), followed by A. indica (2.79%) and P. nigrum (3.13%), respectively.100% weevil mortality was observed in A. calamus and P. nigrum treated grains within 14 and 21 days. A. calamus was found more effective for weevil management in storage.","PeriodicalId":43365,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82087126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Neupane, N. Joshi, K. Kafle, M. Adhikari, S. Kharel
Lack of proper production practice is identified as constraint in production performance of goats. In this context, this study attempts to assess the impact of cooperative membership on adoption of improved production practices among smallholder goat farmers. The analysis is based on data obtained from in-person interview among 327 cooperative members and 334 non-members. The study employs Poisson regression model with endogenous treatment to address the endogeneity. The findings show that cooperatives strongly facilitate adopting improved production practices among goat farmers. Average treatment effect is 2.607, and the average treatment effect on treated is 2.11 and 1.447 in nearest neighbor matching and inverse probability weighted regression adjustment, respectively. The number of improved practices shows non-linear relation with livestock unit. The number of improved production practices increases with training and decreases with distance from tar road. The finding suggest scope to increase the adoption of improved production practices through cooperative membership.
{"title":"Impact of Cooperative Membership on Adoption of Improved Goat Production Practices in Chitwan District of Nepal","authors":"H. Neupane, N. Joshi, K. Kafle, M. Adhikari, S. Kharel","doi":"10.3126/aej.v23i1.46927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/aej.v23i1.46927","url":null,"abstract":"Lack of proper production practice is identified as constraint in production performance of goats. In this context, this study attempts to assess the impact of cooperative membership on adoption of improved production practices among smallholder goat farmers. The analysis is based on data obtained from in-person interview among 327 cooperative members and 334 non-members. The study employs Poisson regression model with endogenous treatment to address the endogeneity. The findings show that cooperatives strongly facilitate adopting improved production practices among goat farmers. Average treatment effect is 2.607, and the average treatment effect on treated is 2.11 and 1.447 in nearest neighbor matching and inverse probability weighted regression adjustment, respectively. The number of improved practices shows non-linear relation with livestock unit. The number of improved production practices increases with training and decreases with distance from tar road. The finding suggest scope to increase the adoption of improved production practices through cooperative membership.","PeriodicalId":43365,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82972948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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