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Korean Chronicles Under a Macroscope: Towards a Digital Infrastructure in Premodern Korean Studies 宏观下的韩国编年史:走向前现代韩国研究的数字基础设施
0 ASIAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/ks.2023.a908616
Hyeok Hweon Kang, Michelle Suh
Abstract: Starting in the 1990s, digital humanists have endeavored to create the "macroscope," a holistic research environment that allows for a flexible, multiscalar reading of large text corpora. Many macroscopes have since emerged, from fields as diverse as Danish folklore studies, English literary studies, and Chinese biographical studies. But in creating Silloker, we are the first to offer a "historian's macroscope" for premodern Korean chronicles. Silloker is a digital platform that opens creative avenues into studying Korea's Chosŏn dynasty (1392–1910). Its title takes after Chosŏn wangjo sillok ("Veritable Records of the Chosŏn Dynasty" 朝鮮王朝實錄), court annals that cover five centuries and topics as varied as diplomacy, economy, religion, quotidian life, and natural phenomena. For this archive and others—for example, Diaries of the Royal Secretariat 承政院日記 ( Sŭngjŏngwŏn ilgi ), Records of the Border Defense Council 備邊司謄錄 ( Pibyŏnsa tŭngnok )—our platform features new search capacities and tools for exploratory data analysis. First, it allows users to make unified queries across multiple archives and download the search results. Second, it offers a tool for aggregating and graphing the frequency of search hits throughout the five-centuries long dynasty, generating real-time results in table and graph. This essay introduces Silloker, its functionalities, and data architecture. It then provides an example case study of the Little Ice Age in Korea to demonstrate the platform's utility for historical research.
摘要:从20世纪90年代开始,数字人文主义者致力于创造“宏观”,这是一个整体的研究环境,可以灵活地、多尺度地阅读大型文本语料库。从那时起,从丹麦民俗研究、英国文学研究和中国传记研究等不同领域出现了许多宏观研究。但在创作《Silloker》时,我们是第一个为前现代韩国编年史提供“历史学家的宏观视角”的人。Silloker是为研究韩国Chosŏn王朝(1392-1910)开辟创造性途径的数字平台。它的名字取自Chosŏn王祖帛书(“Chosŏn王朝实录”),这是一种涵盖五个世纪的宫廷史书,主题广泛,包括外交、经济、宗教、日常生活和自然现象。对于这些档案和其他档案,例如《皇家秘书处日记》(Sŭngjŏngwŏn ilgi)、《边防委员会纪要》(Pibyŏnsa tŭngnok),我们的平台为探索性数据分析提供了新的搜索功能和工具。首先,它允许用户跨多个档案进行统一查询并下载搜索结果。其次,它提供了一个工具,用于聚合和绘制整个长达五个世纪的王朝的搜索命中频率,以表格和图表的形式生成实时结果。本文介绍了Silloker、它的功能和数据架构。然后,它提供了一个关于韩国小冰河期的案例研究,以展示该平台在历史研究中的实用性。
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引用次数: 0
Big Data Studies: The Humanities in Uncharted Waters 大数据研究:未知水域中的人文学科
0 ASIAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/ks.2023.a908625
Javier Cha
Abstract: This article discusses the formidable challenges that the advent of big data brings to the digital humanities broadly and proposes some ways the Korean studies community can prepare to navigate these uncharted waters. Standard digital humanities training in data mining, text analysis, mapping, network science, and machine learning will be developed and refined over the coming years, as will research concerning the ephemeral nature of new media, web archives, and the ethics of artificial intelligence. Yet I contend that established responses to the digital transformation of the humanities, while timely and necessary, will prove inadequate for handling petabyte- and exabyte-scale born-digital sources. In the Zettabyte Era, more data is processed in real time than all of the records produced from early times to the 2010s. To make sense of the current information regime, we need critical reflections and comparisons to the classical internet age of the 1990s, the personal computer revolution of the 1980s, and early modern print cultures. This exercise will allow us to situate the humanities in an age of big data as an extension of traditional humanities research and at the same as something foreign.
摘要:本文讨论了大数据的出现给数字人文学科带来的巨大挑战,并提出了一些韩国研究界可以准备好在这些未知水域中航行的方法。数据挖掘、文本分析、地图绘制、网络科学和机器学习方面的标准数字人文培训将在未来几年得到发展和完善,关于新媒体、网络档案和人工智能伦理的短暂性研究也将得到发展和完善。然而,我认为,对人文学科数字化转型的既定回应,虽然及时且必要,但对于处理pb级和eb级的原生数字资源来说,将被证明是不够的。在泽字节时代,实时处理的数据比从早期到2010年代产生的所有记录还要多。为了理解当前的信息制度,我们需要批判性地反思,并将其与上世纪90年代的经典互联网时代、上世纪80年代的个人电脑革命以及早期的现代印刷文化进行比较。这一实践将使我们能够将大数据时代的人文学科定位为传统人文学科研究的延伸,同时也是一种外来的东西。
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引用次数: 1
Visualizing Divergence: Rhetorical Education and Historical Imagination in China and Korea (ca. 1314–1644) 形象化的分歧:中韩两国的修辞教育与历史想象(约1314-1644)
0 ASIAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/ks.2023.a908619
Shoufu Yin
Abstract: This essay explores how basic computer programming and data visualization provides new tools to understand the respective development of rhetorical education and historical imagination in China and Korea during the same period of the fourteenth to seventeenth centuries. Gathering data from large databases that contain thousands of collections printed in China and Korea, I show that a critical divergence emerged during the mid- and late sixteenth century in the field of rhetorical training. Specifically, the historical interests of Chinese elites gravitated toward the most recent episodes in the history of their own dynasty, while Chosŏn elites were increasingly devoted to the earliest phase of the Central Civilization. These observations complement existing studies that have focused on connections between China and Korea, and offer a starting point for understanding parallels and divergences between different regions and realms in East Asia.
摘要:本文探讨了基础计算机编程和数据可视化如何为理解14至17世纪同一时期中国和朝鲜的修辞教育和历史想象各自的发展提供了新的工具。我从包含中国和韩国出版的数千部文集的大型数据库中收集数据,表明在16世纪中后期,修辞训练领域出现了一个关键的分歧。具体来说,中国精英的历史兴趣被他们自己朝代的最新历史事件所吸引,而Chosŏn精英则越来越多地致力于中央文明的早期阶段。这些观察结果补充了关注中国和韩国之间联系的现有研究,并为理解东亚不同地区和国家之间的相似之处和分歧提供了一个起点。
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引用次数: 0
Epilogue: What Counts as Deep Learning in Korean Studies? 后记:韩国研究中的深度学习是什么?
0 ASIAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/ks.2023.a908626
Wayne de Fremery
EpilogueWhat Counts as Deep Learning in Korean Studies? Wayne de Fremery (bio) What counts as deep learning in Korean studies? Certainly, what appears in this special section. How then might these articles help us to think about Korean studies and deep learning? This is a usefully tricky question. The phrase deep learning has become an important double entendre in our time, suggesting both artificial forms of "intelligence" and deeply engaged forms of human knowing. What counts is similarly plural, entailing processes associated with counting (who or what does it) and its consequences, especially who and what are made to count (i.e. matter). The meaning of Korean studies is as usefully amorphous as ever. What follows is meditative rather than expository. A central hypothesis will hold my attention. It is uncomfortably simple: copies and practices related to copying are foundational infrastructure in the humanities, digital or otherwise, as practiced in Korean studies (and elsewhere). That is, as the articles in this special section demonstrate, a great deal of what we do as Koreanists and humanists concerns copying. Learning, especially the kind we call deep, is formulated through interactions with and as a function of producing copies. A corollary to this hypothesis, one that I will take up briefly in my conclusion, is that bibliography, that old discipline which can never quite [End Page 300] decide if it is an art or a science, provides tools for counting and considering copies, as well as doing the generative work of copying and making people, places, and things count. Bibliography can help us to think about copies, how we count them and make them count, as well as how we use them to learn. If anything, my meditation suggests an attention to the material objects and processes that formulate some of the infrastructures that support our work as Koreanists and as humanists helps situate us in our community and among others. My hope is that this situational awareness will be useful as we collectively consider the tremendous contributions made by the authors presented in this volume, as well as the ways that we might support and extend their work. Korean Studies Benedict Anderson has made the case that nations can, at least in part, be understood as opportunities for individuals to imagine themselves as part of a community.1 He identifies a material mechanism that facilitates this kind of imaginative process: print capitalism, especially the production of newspapers. Implicit in Anderson's analysis is the idea that engagements with copies created with fidelity at regular intervals and at industrial scale can enable individuals to collectively imagine national communities. Korean studies, I've come to think, can be understood in a similar way, as an imagined community. Rather than daily newspapers, copies of journals like this one allow us to image a community of people who share an interest in the contested ideas and geographies that formulate and
后记:韩国研究中的深度学习是什么?韩国学的“深度学习”是什么?当然,在这个特殊的部分出现的东西。那么,这些文章如何帮助我们思考韩国研究和深度学习呢?这是一个非常棘手的问题。在我们这个时代,“深度学习”这个词已经成为一个重要的双关语,既暗示了人工形式的“智能”,也暗示了深度参与的人类认知形式。What counts同样是复数形式,包括与计数相关的过程(谁或什么做了这件事)及其结果,尤其是谁和什么被制造出来计数(即物质)。韩国研究的意义一如既往地无定形。接下来的内容与其说是说明性的,不如说是沉思性的。一个中心假设会吸引我的注意力。它简单得令人不安:复制和与复制相关的实践是人文学科的基础设施,无论是数字的还是其他形式的,就像韩国研究(以及其他地方)所做的那样。也就是说,正如本专题的文章所展示的那样,作为韩国学者和人文主义者,我们所做的很多事情都与抄袭有关。学习,尤其是我们所谓的深度学习,是通过与他人的互动而形成的,也是一种复制的功能。这个假设的一个推论,我将在我的结论中简要地提到,就是目录学,这个永远不能完全决定它是一门艺术还是一门科学的古老学科,提供了计算和考虑副本的工具,以及复制和使人,地点和事物计数的生成工作。参考书目可以帮助我们思考副本,我们如何计算它们并使它们计数,以及我们如何利用它们来学习。如果有什么区别的话,我的冥想建议关注物质对象和过程,这些物质对象和过程形成了一些基础设施,这些基础设施支持我们作为韩国人和人文主义者的工作,帮助我们在我们的社区和其他人中定位。我希望,当我们共同考虑本书作者所作的巨大贡献,以及我们可能支持和扩展他们工作的方式时,这种态势感知将是有用的。本尼迪克特·安德森(Benedict Anderson)认为,至少在某种程度上,国家可以被理解为个人把自己想象成一个社区的一部分的机会他指出了一种促进这种富有想象力的过程的物质机制:印刷资本主义,尤其是报纸的生产。在安德森的分析中,隐含着这样一种观点,即与定期以工业规模忠实地创造的复制品接触,可以使个人集体想象国家社区。我认为,韩国研究也可以用类似的方式来理解,作为一个想象中的共同体。与日报不同,像这样的期刊可以让我们想象一个社区,人们对形成和正在形成韩国的有争议的思想和地理有共同的兴趣。同样地,或许与这个特殊的韩国研究部分更相关的是,我认为,韩国研究是通过共同的复制和考虑复制的实践来支持和塑造的。文章中展示的深度学习就是一个很好的例子。尽管它们的学科多样性——这种多样性与安德森社区建设机制的折衷主义新闻项目没有什么不同——但它们的研究都是以收集、创造和考虑历史现象的数字表现为前提和支持的:即数字副本。这些复制品的数字物质性及其与它们所复制的现象的相似性促进了关于韩国的争论。这一显而易见的事实有助于清楚地说明副本是如何作为这些文章所展示的学习的基础设施的。这些数字副本,它们的材料细节,以及作者的创造力和洞察力,有助于形成关于韩国可以断言的东西,以及我们作为读者可以学到的东西。我们确实学到了很多!就像用粘土、竹子、石头或纸制作的复制品有力地塑造了(并将继续塑造)可以被表述为知识的东西一样,数字复制品现在有力地促进了可以被理解和学习的东西的形成。因此,这个特殊的部分是……
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引用次数: 0
Stability in Variation: Visualizing the Actantial Core of The Journey to the West , 变化中的稳定:《西游记》实体性核心的可视化
0 ASIAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/ks.2023.a908620
Barbara Wall, Dong Myong Lee
Abstract: The urge to find the authentic original of a story seems to be a universal longing. Recently, narratologists like Barbara Herrnstein Smith, as well as experts for East Asian literatures like Michael Emmerich or Lena Henningsen, draw our attention away from the original—which is often unknowable—and instead towards the variants of a story. While this suggestion brings a breath of fresh air to the field of narrative studies, it also poses a fundamental problem. If a story does not necessarily exist as a static original, but is comprised of many variants, how should we then imagine the story itself? This paper proposes imagining the story not as a separate static unit, but rather as a story cloud that includes all variants and changes its form when new variants join, or old variants fall into oblivion. Just as it is much easier to take a picture of a static object than of a moving one, it is much easier to imagine a static text than a text in motion. The main aim of this paper is therefore to find ways to make story clouds more graspable through visualizations. Specifically, for this endeavor we will focus on one of the most popular story clouds in East Asia, The Journey to the West . Methodologically, we draw on the actant-relationship model that the computational folklorist Tim Tangherlini has developed in the article "Toward a Generative Model of Legend: Pizzas, Bridges, Vaccines, and Witches." We will apply Tangherlini's model to variants of The Journey to the West and use the data to visualize the story cloud, especially its actantial core.
摘要:寻找故事本真的冲动似乎是一种普遍的渴望。最近,像芭芭拉·赫恩斯坦·史密斯这样的叙事学家,以及像迈克尔·艾默里奇或莉娜·亨宁森这样的东亚文学专家,把我们的注意力从通常不为人知的原作上转移到了故事的变体上。这一建议在给叙事研究领域带来新鲜空气的同时,也带来了一个根本性的问题。如果一个故事不一定是以静态的原始形式存在,而是由许多变体组成,那么我们该如何想象这个故事本身呢?本文建议不要将故事想象成一个独立的静态单元,而是一个包含所有变体的故事云,当新变体加入或旧变体被遗忘时,故事云会改变其形式。正如拍摄静态物体比拍摄移动物体容易得多一样,想象静态文本比想象运动文本容易得多。因此,本文的主要目的是找到通过可视化使故事云更易于理解的方法。具体来说,在这次尝试中,我们将把重点放在东亚最受欢迎的故事云之一,西游记。在方法上,我们借鉴了计算民俗学家Tim Tangherlini在文章《走向传奇的生成模型:披萨、桥梁、疫苗和女巫》中提出的行为关系模型。我们将把唐赫里尼的模型应用到《西游记》的变体中,并利用这些数据来可视化故事云,特别是它的现实核心。
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引用次数: 0
Turning Toward Edification: Foreigners in Chosŏn Korea by Adam Bohnet (review) 《走向教诲:Chosŏn韩国的外国人》作者:亚当·博内特(书评)
0 ASIAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/ks.2023.a908630
Reviewed by: Turning Toward Edification: Foreigners in Chosŏn Korea by Adam Bohnet Yeseung Yun Turning Toward Edification: Foreigners in Chosŏn Korea, by Adam Bohnet. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 2020. 284 pages. The discourse of homogeneity has been dominant in South Korean society for a long time. However, the increase in international marriages led South Korea to gradually transform into a multiracial society. This transformation means the emphasis on homogeneity in the national identity is losing its persuasive power. The Korean peninsula has already experienced an influx of foreigners since the premodern period. Chosŏn was no exception. In particular, the Chosŏn court agonized over how to treat aliens properly. Then, what brought foreigners to Chosŏn? How did the Chosŏn court classify them in terms of the social order? Adam Bohnet's Turning Toward Edification: Foreigners in Chosŏn Korea finds answers to those queries. Bohnet's monograph investigates the identity construction of foreigners concerning the centralization of Chosŏn Korea. Bohnet argues that Chosŏn Korea promoted foreigners' settlement through "edification" based on Confucianism. Above all, this book mainly focuses on the imperial subject, who migrated from the Ming empire during the Ming-Qing transition. According to Bohnet, the late Chosŏn identified itself as the new center of Chunghwa (Ch. Zhonghua/the central efflorescence) by improving the social status of imperial subjects, who were classified the same as other submitting foreigners before. Therefore, the Chosŏn court's [End Page 407] policy on constructing the identity of aliens shaped Chosŏn's national identity. The book consists of six chapters. First of all, chapter one elucidates foreigners' settlement in the Early Chosŏn period. Chosŏn monarchs labeled foreigners from Jurchen and Japan as submitting-foreigner status (hyanghwain). By labeling hyanghwain, the Chosŏn court encouraged Jurchens and Japanese people to adjust to the Chosŏn society well. In chapter two, the author explains demographic transformation post-Imjin war. The author proves a significant influx of aliens after the Imjin war. Chapter three showcases that Jurchens and Liaodongese fled to the Korean peninsula during the conflicts between later Jin and Southern Ming. In chapter four, Bohnet analyzes the settlements of migrants after the warfare. Even though an influx of foreigners ceased, a submitting-foreigners status was maintained within the administrative system. Chapter five explains that as late Chosŏn set its identity as the last remaining bastion of the Chunghwa legitimacy, and the status of Ming migrants also changed. In chapter six, the author indicates imperial subjects (hwangjoin) set their identity as the descendants of the Ming loyalists by recording their loyalism toward ancestors in biographies. Bohnet's Turning Toward Edification interweaves the four branches of genres: foreign relations history, social history, intellectual h
书评:《走向教诲:在Chosŏn韩国的外国人》,作者:尹烨升《走向教诲:在Chosŏn韩国的外国人》,作者:亚当·博内特。檀香山:夏威夷大学出版社,2020。284页。同质化的话语在韩国社会长期占据主导地位。然而,国际婚姻的增加使韩国逐渐转变为一个多种族社会。这种转变意味着国家认同中强调同质性的观点正在失去说服力。自前现代时期以来,朝鲜半岛已经经历了外国人的涌入。Chosŏn也不例外。特别是,Chosŏn法院为如何正确对待外国人而苦恼。那么,是什么把外国人吸引到Chosŏn的呢?Chosŏn法院是如何根据社会秩序对他们进行分类的?亚当·伯内特的《走向教诲:在Chosŏn韩国的外国人》找到了这些问题的答案。博内特的专著研究了与Chosŏn韩国中央集权有关的外国人的身份建构。博内特认为Chosŏn韩国通过以儒家思想为基础的“熏陶”促进了外国人的定居。最重要的是,这本书主要关注的是在明清过渡时期从明朝帝国迁移过来的帝国主体。根据博内特的说法,末代Chosŏn通过提高臣民的社会地位,将自己定位为中华的新中心(Ch. Zhonghua/中央繁荣),这些臣民以前被归类为与其他臣民相同的外国人。因此,Chosŏn法院关于构建外国人身份的政策塑造了Chosŏn的国家身份。这本书由六章组成。第一章首先阐述Chosŏn前期外国人的定居情况。Chosŏn君主们将女真和日本的外国人标记为“归顺外国人”。通过给“乡化”贴上标签,Chosŏn法院鼓励女真人和日本人更好地适应Chosŏn社会。第二章阐述了临津战争后的人口结构变化。作者证明了临津战争后外国人大量涌入的事实。第三章论述了女真人、辽东人在后金南明冲突中逃亡朝鲜半岛的情况。第四章,博内特分析了战后移民的定居问题。尽管外国人的涌入停止了,但在行政系统内,外国人的地位仍然保持着。第五章说明,随着末年Chosŏn确立了其作为中华合法性最后残存堡垒的身份,明朝移民的地位也发生了变化。在第六章中,作者指出皇民通过在传记中记录他们对祖先的忠诚,确立了他们作为明朝忠臣后裔的身份。波内特的《走向启蒙》一书将对外关系史、社会史、思想史和政治史这四个流派交织在一起。作者描述了外国人来到Chosŏn的地缘政治背景。例如,临津战争、明清过渡和满族战争(和兰)等事件导致外国人流入朝鲜半岛。换句话说,韩半岛是多民族的聚集地。在社会史方面,伯内特追溯了外国人被吸收和适应Chosŏn社会的过程。详细地说,他阐明了他们是通过吸收儒家思想而被接受为社会成员的。此外,这些外星人中的一些人对Chosŏn军事技术的发展做出了贡献。从思想史的角度来看,Chosŏn是为了克服对日战争和女真战争的创伤,将自己定位为中华思想中的文明中心。Yŏngjo国王和Chŏngjo国王举行了政治仪式,以巩固这种中华身份。伯内特的书对前现代韩国史学做出了重大贡献。该书指出,不能把主导韩国的民族主义意识形态视为理所当然,因此值得关注。博内特从两个方面有效地证明了这一点。首先,作者主张,韩国历史的民族主义观源于大韩帝国时代。先驱性的民族主义历史学家辛彩浩(Sin chaeho)将中韩关系歪曲为“谄媚主义”。根据Sin的说法,Chosŏn通过接受中文而放弃了“自我”……
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引用次数: 2
From Claw Crane to Toy Crane: Catching, Courting, and Gambling in South Korea 从爪鹤到玩具鹤:韩国的捕捉、求爱和赌博
0 ASIAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/ks.2023.a908627
Veli-Matti Karhulahti, Katriina Heljakka, Dongwon Jo
Abstract: The claw crane—an arcade game that invites its players to remotely grab a prize with a "claw"—has undergone a long process of development from an eye-catching "steam shovel" to a calculated gambling machine across amusement arcades, train stations, and traveling carnivals. Recently, the claw crane has become a common transmedia object in various consumer outlets around the world, serving today's "kidults" who are willing to play and be playful with toys as grownups. Especially in South Korea, the claw crane now rewards its players with cutified character plushies, which arguably reflects and resonates with the local sociocultural conventions. In this mixed-methods study, we deconstruct the claw crane as a historical artifact that promotes diverse forms of human interaction and engagement in the techno-cultural and social context of South Korea. The claw crane (or in South Korea, rather the "toy crane") is investigated by means of historical design analysis, a review of contemporary South Korean media texts, and field observations in Seoul. We suggest the claw crane to serve as a multipurpose medium for playful interactions beyond the act of play itself—and in South Korea, having become a means for playful courting and emotional support, which at times of anxiety, stress, and uncertainty may contribute to one's confidence and belief in the future.
摘要:爪鹤是一种邀请玩家用“爪”远程抓取奖品的街机游戏,它经历了一个漫长的发展过程,从一个引人注目的“蒸汽铲”到一个经过计算的赌博机器,遍布游乐场、火车站和旅游嘉年华。最近,爪式起重机已经成为全球各个消费网点常见的跨媒体物品,服务于今天愿意像成年人一样玩玩具、玩玩具的“成年人”。尤其是在韩国,爪鹤现在会奖励玩家卡通人物毛绒玩具,这可以说反映了当地的社会文化习俗,并与之产生了共鸣。在这个混合方法的研究中,我们解构了作为一种历史文物的爪式起重机,它在韩国的技术文化和社会背景下促进了各种形式的人类互动和参与。通过历史设计分析、对当代韩国媒体文本的回顾以及在首尔的实地观察,对爪式起重机(或者在韩国,更确切地说是“玩具起重机”)进行了调查。我们建议将爪鹤作为一种多用途的媒介,在游戏本身之外进行有趣的互动,在韩国,它已经成为一种有趣的求爱和情感支持的手段,在焦虑、压力和不确定的时候,这可能有助于一个人对未来的信心和信念。
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引用次数: 0
Introduction to Special Section Digital Korean Studies 数字韩国研究专题导论
0 ASIAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/ks.2023.a908615
Javier Cha, Barbara Wall
Introduction to Special Section Digital Korean Studies Javier Cha (bio) and Barbara Wall (bio) Despite the Covid-19 pandemic, academic research on Korea was able to continue in large part due to the extraordinary collection of online repositories and virtual meeting platforms. This heightened awareness prompts us to consider the relationship between digital technology and our desire to deepen our understanding of Korea's history, society, and culture. The origins of digital Korean studies can be traced back to the launch of the Munkwa Project in the 1960s, making Edward Wagner and Song June-ho [Song Chunho] two of the earliest practitioners of humanities computing. Today, Koreanists are among the most privileged users of digital resources. Thanks to the trailblazing work of Kim Hyeon [Kim Hyŏn], Yi Unggŭn, and others in the 1980s and 1990s, as well as the post-1998 creation of large-scale digitized collections, our research typically begins with online queries rather than trips to physical libraries and archives. Furthermore, the Korean Open Government License legislation mandates unrestricted access to raw data sets created with public funds. While premodern Korea specialists have been the primary beneficiaries thus far, the digital transformation of modern Korean studies is well underway, starting with materials that are no longer under copyright protection. [End Page 1] This special section showcases the diverse ways of leveraging digital or computational methods in Korean studies and provides glimpses of how the digital turn may unfold in the coming decades. To prepare for this, the guest editors organized a two-part event at Seoul National University and the University of Copenhagen in May and June 2022, respectively.1 The May incubation program gathered the next generation of digital Koreanists to serve as a venue for idea exchange, hands-on training, and networking opportunities. A selective group of early-career and senior academics developed their own digital projects with the mentoring of some of the leading digital humanities experts from South Korea and around the world. The follow-up event in June held the publication workshop for this special section and invited the participants in the May incubation program to share the results of their pilot research in order to receive feedback and foster the growth of digital Korean studies in a cooperative and collaborative manner. Korean studies and digital technologies may intersect in two major ways. The first and most common approach involves data-driven or machine-assisted analytic methods enabled by the digitization of source materials. Depending on the level of digitization, the researcher may need to begin with document scanning and creating digital editions. Because digitized and open-access materials are widely available, digital Koreanists rarely have to deal with optical character recognition or the licensing of commercial databases. For this reason, the majority of contributors to
▽数字韩国研究专区介绍=哈维尔·车(音译)、芭芭拉·沃尔(音译)在新冠疫情的情况下,对韩国的学术研究得以继续,很大程度上得益于大量的在线知识库和虚拟会议平台。这种意识的增强促使我们考虑数字技术与我们加深对韩国历史、社会和文化的理解的愿望之间的关系。数字韩国研究的起源可以追溯到20世纪60年代启动的“文华计划”(Munkwa Project),这使得爱德华·瓦格纳(Edward Wagner)和宋俊浩(Song June-ho)成为人文计算最早的两位实践者。如今,韩国人是数字资源最有特权的用户之一。由于Kim hyun [Kim Hyŏn]、Yi Unggŭn等人在20世纪80年代和90年代的开创性工作,以及1998年后大规模数字化馆藏的创建,我们的研究通常从在线查询开始,而不是去实体图书馆和档案馆。此外,韩国政府开放许可证立法规定对使用公共资金创建的原始数据集的访问不受限制。虽然到目前为止,前现代韩国专家一直是主要受益者,但现代韩国研究的数字化转型正在顺利进行,从不再受版权保护的材料开始。这个特别的部分展示了在韩国研究中利用数字或计算方法的各种方法,并提供了未来几十年数字化转变如何展开的一瞥。为此,特邀编辑们分别于2022年5月和6月在首尔大学和哥本哈根大学举办了两场活动5月的孵化项目聚集了下一代数码韩国人,为他们提供了思想交流、实践培训和社交机会的场所。在来自韩国和世界各地的一些领先的数字人文专家的指导下,一群有选择性的早期职业和高级学者开发了他们自己的数字项目。在6月的后续活动中,举办了该专题的出版研讨会,并邀请5月孵化计划的参与者分享他们的试点研究成果,以获得反馈,并以合作和协作的方式促进数字韩国研究的发展。韩国研究和数字技术可能在两个主要方面有交集。第一种也是最常见的方法涉及数据驱动或机器辅助的分析方法,这些方法由原始材料的数字化实现。根据数字化的水平,研究人员可能需要从文档扫描和创建数字版本开始。由于数字化和开放获取的材料广泛可用,数字韩国人很少需要处理光学字符识别或商业数据库的许可问题。由于这个原因,这个特殊部分的大多数贡献者使用数据建模、可视化和分析来提高他们各自领域的知识。另一条道路则需要在数字技术、大数据和人工智能时代对韩国研究的学术活动进行彻底的重新构想。社会的数字化转型提供了一个机会,让我们重新考虑韩国作为我们研究对象的定义和边界,以及我们如何进行关于韩国的研究和教学。在韩国研究中,关于数字工具和计算方法的使用存在广泛的意见。一位在东亚著名学府的韩国文学界的杰出同行对数据可视化是否真的能提高我们对主题的理解或洞察力表示了保留意见。本专题的目的之一是介绍与韩国有关的数字研究的例子,说明数字方法的应用如何使结果成为可能。通过这样做,我们希望阐明韩国研究的各个学科如何从数字解决方案中受益。在使用数据驱动技术时,应始终保持谨慎和辨别力。我们也想邀请我们的韩国同胞从书目的角度来考虑数字人文学科。许多研究前现代韩国的学者更喜欢在线资源,如Chosŏn王朝编年史(Chosŏn wangjo sillok)和《韩国文集汇编》(Han…
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引用次数: 0
Intrigues for Power: The Tokugawa Shogunate, the Japanese Court, and the Korean Embassy in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries 权力的阴谋:17、18世纪的德川幕府、日本朝廷和朝鲜大使馆
0 ASIAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/ks.2023.a908628
Jeong-Mi Lee
Abstract: This article discusses the perspectives of three parties: the Korean embassy officials dispatched from the Chosŏn court (1392–1910), the Tokugawa shogunate (1603–1868), and the imperial court in Kyoto. Immediately after establishing the military government in 1603, the Tokugawa shogunate attempted to consolidate its own military foundation and complete the unification of the country. During this process, inviting the Korean embassy to the Tokugawa shogunate was one of the most important events undertaken by the shogunate, demonstrating to other samurai families that the Tokugawa house was the strongest political authority in the country. Under the Tokugawa regime, the imperial court played a nominal role without political influence. Nonetheless, the shogunate may have considered the imperial court as a latent threat. The members of the imperial family were willing to engage with the Korean embassy for further cultural exchange. In the travelogues to Japan, the officials of the Korean embassy recorded their concerns on the relationship between the imperial court and the shogunate. Their analysis of the matter mentioned the ambiguity of the neighborly relations in the future if the emperor were to recapture political power and thus alarmed whether the new ruler would have maintained amicable relations with Chosŏn. This research focuses on how Korean embassy officials viewed the imperial court, and also the shogunate's reaction to communication between the embassy officials and members of the imperial family who were interested in both the embassy officials and Korean culture.
摘要:本文探讨了Chosŏn朝廷(1392-1910)、德川幕府(1603-1868)和京都朝廷派遣的朝鲜使节三方的视角。德川幕府在1603年建立军事政府后,立即试图巩固自己的军事基础,完成国家的统一。在这一过程中,邀请韩国大使馆进入德川幕府是幕府最重要的事件之一,向其他武士家族展示了德川家族是该国最强大的政治权威。在德川政权下,朝廷只发挥名义上的作用,没有政治影响力。尽管如此,幕府可能认为朝廷是一个潜在的威胁。日本皇室成员愿意与韩国大使馆进行进一步的文化交流。驻日大使馆的官员们在访日游记中记录了他们对朝廷和幕府关系的担忧。他们对该事件的分析指出,如果皇帝重新掌权,未来的睦邻关系将变得模糊,因此,他们担心新统治者是否会与Chosŏn保持友好关系。这项研究的重点是韩国大使馆官员如何看待朝廷,以及幕府对大使馆官员与对大使馆官员和韩国文化都感兴趣的皇室成员之间的交流的反应。
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引用次数: 0
Riding the Wave to Ni-Chōme: Tokyo's Korean Gay Bars in the 2000s 乘车前往Ni-Chōme: 2000年代东京的韩国同性恋酒吧
0 ASIAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/ks.2023.a908629
Albert Graves
Abstract: This article introduces Korean gay space, place, and identity in Japan, as revealed in Tokyo's Korean gay bars that emerged at the start of Japan's Korean Wave in the 2000s. It focuses on the intersections of race and sexuality in interactions among the actors that produce and consume these establishments, exposing racialized spaces of desire besides those limited to white Westernness. It presents an overview of Korean gay identity against the backdrop of Koreaphobia in Japan and homophobia among zainichi , along with an examination of the Korean Wave, its impact on the queer diaspora, and the gay commodification of Koreanness. The study comparatively analyzes racial groupings in the bar, seeking clarity on the representations of self and other among gay Koreans and with gay Japanese. A series of conclusions are made: (1) Korean gay men's experience in Japan is shaped by having to contend with separate closets for race and sexuality, compounded by racism and homophobia from within their own communities dissociated from "Japan." (2) The Korean Wave has created a new category of desire among gay men through a middle ground or third space around a borderless, hybridized community of communities. (3) Korean gay bars simultaneously function as consumer spaces for what the author terms "proximate opposites" with Japanese, and as community centers for racially one yet ideologically divided Koreans. The study sets out to recover and preserve a history that would otherwise have been lost from memory with decades of scholarly inattention to its existence.
摘要:本文介绍了韩国同性恋在日本的空间、场所和身份,以及在21世纪初日本韩流开始时在东京出现的韩国同性恋酒吧。它关注的是产生和消费这些机构的演员之间的互动中种族和性的交叉点,揭示了除了那些仅限于白人西方的欲望之外的种族化空间。它在日本的韩国恐惧症和在日朝鲜人的同性恋恐惧症的背景下,概述了韩国同性恋身份,同时考察了韩流,它对海外酷儿的影响,以及韩国性的同性恋商品化。该研究对比分析了酒吧里的种族群体,以明确韩国同性恋者和日本同性恋者对自我和他者的表述。本文得出了一系列的结论:(1)韩国男同性恋者在日本的经历是由他们不得不面对种族和性取向的独立空间所塑造的,再加上他们自己的社区中与“日本”分离的种族主义和同性恋恐惧症。(2)韩流在男同性恋者中创造了一种新的欲望类别,通过中间地带或第三空间,围绕着一个无国界的、混杂的社区。(3)韩国的同性恋酒吧既是作者所说的与日本人“完全相反”的消费空间,也是种族一致但意识形态分裂的韩国人的社区中心。这项研究的目的是恢复和保存一段历史,否则这段历史就会因为几十年来学术界对其存在的忽视而从记忆中消失。
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引用次数: 0
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Korean Studies
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