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Founding Father or National Traitor? Contested Memories of Syngman Rhee in Mid-1990s South Korea 开国元勋还是民族叛徒?1990 年代中期韩国对李承晚的争议性记忆
IF 0.3 0 ASIAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1353/ks.2024.a931007
Patrick Vierthaler

Abstract:

The present study focuses on the 1990s as a pivotal era in the mnemonic landscape of post-authoritarian South Korea, and bridges the gap between the ample literature on the revolutionary 1980s and the "history wars" of the 2000s–2010s. Through a case study of the cultural memory of Syngman Rhee (1875–1965) and his role in the division of the Korean peninsula, this mnemohistorical account investigates how his memory became pivotal to South Korean mnemonic disputes in the 1990s. Contestations over the memory of Rhee during this period are dissected using critical discourse analysis, beginning with the "re-discovery" of Syngman Rhee in the early 1990s by conservative journalists and intellectuals. The article then explores how Chosun Ilbo and Joongang Ilbo, two of South Korea's largest newspapers, led extensive Syngman Rhee "re-evaluation" efforts in 1995 to revise South Korean cultural memory, before addressing how such efforts were met by fierce opposition from progressives. Although ultimately unsuccessful, these conservative re-evaluation efforts and the opposition that ensued veritably mapped the mnemonic coordinates for South Korea's later "history wars." As such, the present study provides an insight into the origins of the mnemonic polarization that characterized South Korea in the mid-2000s. As a first historical dispute initiated by conservatives post-democratization, this "re-discovery" and "re-evaluation" of Syngman Rhee as South Korea's "founding father" arguably provided conservatives with a historical narrative for the post-Cold War era, cementing a pillar of conservative functional memory that would eventually merge into a "foundation"-centered narrative after the late 1990s.

摘要:本研究侧重于 20 世纪 90 年代,将其视为后专制时代韩国记忆景观中的一个关键时代,并在有关 20 世纪 80 年代革命的大量文献与 2000 年代至 2010 年代的 "历史战争 "之间架起了一座桥梁。通过对李承晚(Syngman Rhee,1875-1965 年)的文化记忆及其在朝鲜半岛分裂中所扮演角色的个案研究,这本记忆史论著探究了李承晚的记忆如何成为 20 世纪 90 年代韩国记忆论争的关键。文章从 20 世纪 90 年代初保守派记者和知识分子对李承晚的 "重新发现 "开始,运用批判性话语分析对这一时期有关李承晚记忆的争论进行了剖析。文章随后探讨了《朝鲜日报》和《中央日报》这两家韩国最大的报纸如何在 1995 年领导了广泛的 "重新评价 "李承晚的活动,以修正韩国的文化记忆,然后讨论了这些活动如何遭到进步人士的激烈反对。虽然最终没有取得成功,但这些保守派的重新评价努力以及随之而来的反对意见为韩国后来的 "历史战争 "绘制了记忆坐标。因此,本研究有助于深入了解 2000 年代中期韩国记忆两极分化的起源。作为民主化后保守派发起的第一场历史争端,对作为韩国 "开国元勋 "的李承晚的 "重新发现 "和 "重新评价 "可以说为保守派提供了后冷战时代的历史叙事,巩固了保守派功能性记忆的支柱,并最终在 20 世纪 90 年代末之后融合为以 "基础 "为中心的叙事。
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引用次数: 0
Staging "Civilization and Enlightenment"—Yi Kwang-su's Kyuhan and the Communicability of Modern Theater Space 上演 "文明与启蒙"--易光秀的《九汉》与现代戏剧空间的可传播性
IF 0.3 0 ASIAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1353/ks.2024.a930998
Owen Stampton

Abstract:

Under the banner of civilization and enlightenment, new-intellectuals of the early twentieth century sought to challenge damaging past traditions and social practices to give rise to a new era for the people of Korea. Coinciding with this push toward modern progress, the theater simultaneously arose as a new feature of the urban landscape. Writers like Yi Kwang-su stressed the communicative potential of new literary trends. He was one of the earliest to turn to drama as a means of shaping a future Korea; he utilized the palpable realism fostered by stage space as a means to channel his progressive ideas to society. Published in Hakjigwang in 1917, Kyuhan (Sorrows of the Inner Room), potentially Korea's first modern play, is a work that frankly portrays the damages of dated Confucian moralities and traditions. In penning a drama that brings the modern Chosŏn intellectual of Yi's urban audience into a uniquely female space of domesticity, pain and subalternity, the audience becomes privy to the bitter realities of Chosŏn women and the importance of autonomy, education and true love. Through discussions on heterotopic space, spectatorship and the relationship between actor and audience, this study will explore Kyuhan and the birth of the modern stage. In this, we come understand Yi's vision of theater as a new site for enlightenment progress that could shock and provoke the public into action.

摘要:在文明和启蒙的旗帜下,20 世纪初的新知识分子试图挑战过去破坏性的传统和社会习俗,为韩国人民开创一个新时代。在推动现代进步的同时,戏剧也作为城市景观的一个新特征出现了。李光洙(Yi Kwang-su)等作家强调了新文艺思潮的传播潜力。他是最早将戏剧作为塑造未来韩国的手段之一的作家之一;他利用舞台空间所营造的逼真现实主义氛围,向社会传达他的进步思想。1917 年发表在《白日焰火》上的《内室之悲》可能是韩国第一部现代戏剧,这部作品坦率地描绘了过时的儒家道德和传统所带来的损害。该剧将李氏城市观众中的现代朝鲜知识分子带入了一个独特的女性空间,即家庭、痛苦和次等空间,让观众了解到朝鲜女性的辛酸现实,以及自主、教育和真爱的重要性。本研究将通过对异托邦空间、观众身份以及演员与观众之间关系的讨论,探讨《九汉》和现代舞台的诞生。在此过程中,我们将理解易中天将戏剧视为启蒙进步的新场所的愿景,它可以震撼人心,激起公众的行动。
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引用次数: 0
The Rescue Mission: From Confucian Corruption to Protestant Conscience at the Turn of Nineteenth Century Korea 拯救使命:十九世纪之交的韩国:从儒家腐败到新教良知
IF 0.3 0 ASIAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1353/ks.2024.a930996
Young-chan Choi

Abstract:

This article is an account of the changing conceptualization of Confucianism by Protestant missionaries and Korean Protestant believers at the turn of the twentieth century. The Koreans and Anglo-American missionaries each identified different moral and political reasons for religious conversion. Key to the missionary notion was a proper religion. A religion proper is premised in the Revelation in the Scripture and verifiable in history and is distinct from a set of abstract ethical precepts. To this end, the missionaries deployed various catechisms with reference to comparative chronology and the rational basis of souls. On the other hand, the converts were attracted to the political possibilities of Protestant religion. The converting Koreans saw potential in reforming and regenerating public and private morality, arguing that Confucianism had exhausted its ethical resources. However, the closure of the political possibilities by the 1900s prompted the missionaries to explore other avenues such as Christian moral psychology. This reflected the missionaries' emphasis on post-mortem individual salvation, leading to a renewed conceptual focus on inner conscience rooted in Christian moral and natural science.

摘要:本文叙述了二十世纪之交新教传教士和韩国新教信徒对儒教概念的变化。韩国人和英美传教士各自提出了不同的皈依宗教的道德和政治理由。传教士观念的关键是正确的宗教。正统宗教以圣经中的启示为前提,可在历史上得到验证,有别于一套抽象的道德戒律。为此,传教士们参考比较年代学和灵魂的理性基础,提出了各种教义。另一方面,皈依者被新教的政治可能性所吸引。皈依新教的朝鲜人认为,儒家思想已经耗尽了其伦理资源,因此他们看到了改革和再生公共和私人道德的潜力。然而,到 1900 年代,政治可能性的终结促使传教士探索其他途径,如基督教道德心理学。这反映了传教士对死后个人救赎的重视,导致在概念上重新关注植根于基督教道德和自然科学的内在良知。
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引用次数: 0
Introduction to Special Section: Portrayals of Motherhood in South Korean Popular and Practiced Culture 专栏简介:韩国流行文化和实践文化中的母亲形象
IF 0.3 0 ASIAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1353/ks.2024.a930999
Bonnie Tilland
<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span><p> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> Introduction to Special Section<span>Portrayals of Motherhood in South Korean Popular and Practiced Culture</span> <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Bonnie Tilland (bio) </li> </ul> <p>In recent years, approaches to the study of motherhood in Korea have diversified, in line with both an evolving gender equality movement in South Korea and an increasingly globalized field of gender studies. Anthropologists and gender studies scholars of South Korea have analyzed changes in motherhood ideology (Taek-rim Yoon, for example), along with changing expectations and norms for engagement with children's education (particularly Nancy Abelmann on "the education mother" and So Jin Park on "education management mothers"). The spread of South Korean culture abroad has also led to more analyses of representations of mothers in film, television, and literature, and scholars increasingly examine mothers' use of social media and online communities. This special section of <em>Korean Studies</em> grew out of an organized panel at the Association for Korean Studies in Europe (AKSE) conference in La Rochelle, France, in 2021, also called "Portrayals of Motherhood in South Korean Popular and Practiced Culture." In the intervening years since the conference panel, new scholars joined the special section and others had to defer or depart. It is our hope that this special section will lead to continued academic discussion of South Korean motherhood, mothers, mothering, <strong>[End Page 166]</strong> and parenting. We wish to thank Soo Hyun Jackelen, who was part of the initial conference panel, for her significant contributions to the planning of the project.</p> <p>The contributors to this special section approach Korean studies from different disciplinary backgrounds, and it follows that each author also engages differently with South Korean motherhood, with the commonality that all are examining motherhood through "popular and practiced culture." An underlying motivation of the special section is to illuminate mothering and motherhood through the South Korean context and, in turn, to illuminate aspects of South Korean society and culture to which a focus on mothering and motherhood will bring new perspective. While the Korean Wave of popular culture has meant that there is a wealth of new scholarship on various themes, tropes, and social issues as seen through the lens of K-pop and Korean television, this special section emerged out of our collective commitment to making connections between popular culture and practiced culture to better understand historical and contemporary South Korean motherhood. Considered together, the articles in this special section examine the spaces between media or written texts and their consumers, furthering an understanding of South Korean motherhood beyond popular culture or practiced culture. In the space between audi
以下是内容的简要摘录,以代替摘要: 近年来,随着韩国性别平等运动的不断发展和性别研究领域的日益全球化,研究韩国母性的方法也变得多样化。韩国的人类学家和性别研究学者分析了母性意识形态的变化(例如 Taek-rim Yoon),以及对参与子女教育的期望和规范的变化(特别是 Nancy Abelmann 关于 "教育母亲 "和 So Jin Park 关于 "教育管理母亲 "的研究)。韩国文化在海外的传播也导致了对电影、电视和文学作品中母亲形象的更多分析,学者们也越来越多地研究母亲对社交媒体和网络社区的使用。2021 年在法国拉罗谢尔举行的欧洲韩国研究协会(AKSE)会议组织了一次小组讨论,主题也是 "韩国流行文化和实践文化中的母亲形象"。在会议小组讨论后的几年间,有新的学者加入了特别小组,也有学者不得不推迟或离开。我们希望该专栏能继续引发学术界对南韩母性、母亲、母爱 [完 166 页] 和养育子女的讨论。我们要感谢 Soo Hyun Jackelen,她是最初的会议小组成员之一,为本项目的规划做出了重大贡献。本专栏的作者们从不同的学科背景切入韩国研究,因此每位作者对南韩母性的研究也不尽相同,但共同点是他们都在通过 "流行文化和实践文化 "研究母性。本专栏的一个基本动机是通过南韩背景来阐明母性和母爱,进而阐明南韩社会和文化的各个方面,对母性和母爱的关注将为这些方面带来新的视角。韩国的流行文化浪潮意味着通过 K-pop 和韩国电视的视角来观察各种主题、套路和社会问题的新学术成果层出不穷,而本专栏的出现则源于我们共同的承诺,即在流行文化和实践文化之间建立联系,从而更好地理解历史上和当代韩国的母性。本专栏中的文章共同探讨了媒体或书面文本与其消费者之间的空间,进一步加深了对南韩母亲身份的理解,使其超越了流行文化或实践文化的范畴。在视听文本和书面文本之间,在大众文化描绘和生活中的母性实践之间,或许可以找到一种韩国母性和母爱的公共文化。将各种文本中的母亲形象重塑为 "公共文化",而非严格意义上的大众文化或实践文化,可以达到以下几个目的。首先,它承认当代社会的舆论和言论是由大众文本(包括电视剧、电影、创意数字媒体和宗教经文)和传统的官方公共言论(如新闻媒体)共同塑造的。其次,它主张母性是公共领域的问题。数十年来,全球女权主义学术研究已经证明,公共领域和家庭私人领域之间的二元对立是错误的,强调了(主要)由母亲承担的间接支持更广泛经济体系的无形劳动。在韩国,当接二连三的新闻标题对新的历史最低出生率(不仅每年公布一次,而且每季度或每月公布一次)发出普遍警告时,为人之母已成为个人成为政治的真实案例。出于社会和经济原因,越来越多的女性选择不做母亲,这引发了人们对韩国国家自身可持续发展的担忧。无论是否直接涉及出生率危机,流行文化和实践文化中对母亲、母性和母爱的描绘 [第 167 页结束] 都涉及到这些社会变革和国家认同的深层问题。安智允(Ji-yoon An)从韩国电影史出发,对是枝裕和的 2022 年电影《经纪人》(Broker)进行了探讨和背景分析。她探讨了影片中年轻、单身、未婚母亲的角色--她的角色在某种程度上没有韩国电影史上的母亲那么丰满。
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引用次数: 0
Making Peace with Nature: Ecological Encounters along the Korean DMZ by Eleana Kim (review) 与自然和平相处:Eleana Kim 所著《朝鲜非军事区的生态遭遇》(评论)
IF 0.3 0 ASIAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1353/ks.2024.a931013
June Hee Kwon
<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span><p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>Making Peace with Nature: Ecological Encounters along the Korean DMZ</em> by Eleana Kim <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> June Hee Kwon </li> </ul> <em>Making Peace with Nature: Ecological Encounters along the Korean DMZ</em>, by Eleana Kim. Duke University Press, 2022. 224 pages. $26.95 paperback. <p>Reminders of the Korean peninsula's division have not always been visible or obvious, but they are ubiquitous in the everyday lives of South Koreans. Morning and evening news programs frequently present stories about North Korea's latest missile launches or nuclear experiments, expressing grave concern that the North may attack South Korea and defeat the US military stationed there. Tenacious investigations of those suspected of having pro-North Korean sentiments can be seen as an ongoing political project, regardless of the government's stated political orientation, to consolidate South Korean anti-communist nationalism. Tragic stories about families separated by the Korean War are circulated in the form of documentaries, TV shows, and emotional video clips of government-arranged family reunions. All of these "division reminders" have directed the teleological desire for ethnonational unification "someday" in South Korea. Yet, as the ambiguous temporality of division, which is temporary but permanent, and hopeful but unpredictable, has diversified the vision of a national future among young South Koreans, the necessity of ethnonational unification has been gradually replaced with a new political rhetoric of "peace"—a more universal aspiration beyond national constraints.</p> <p>Of the divided landscape, there is no better marker than the DMZ (demilitarized zone) that materializes and visualizes the ongoing inter-Korean conflict and the temporary peace (or ceasefire) that resulted from the Korean War. The DMZ has played a key role in buffering possible military confrontations (demilitarization) as well as restricting human encroachment with the threat of indiscriminately buried landmines (militarization). Eleana Kim's new book on the highly "de/militarized" zone, as the Epilogue title aptly puts it, <em>Making Peace with Nature: Ecological Encounters along the Korean DMZ</em> is a breakthrough ethnography that thoroughly investigates how the untouchable and untouched border zone, has become an exceptional "nature" space that generates new knowledge production about inter-species interactions and opens up new possibilities to envision peace with nature.</p> <p>Kim's book stages the DMZ's exceptionality through the intersection of militarism and capitalist desire. As vividly presented in Chapter 4, the South Korean government in the 1960s encouraged poor Koreans to <strong>[End Page 486]</strong> move near the DMZ, which normally had very limited civilian access. The purpose was for them to farm rice the
以下是内容的简要摘录,以代替摘要:评论者: 与自然和平相处:与自然和平相处:朝鲜非军事区的生态遭遇》,作者 Eleana Kim June Hee Kwon:与自然和平相处:朝鲜非军事区的生态邂逅》,作者 Eleana Kim。杜克大学出版社,2022 年。224 页。平装本26.95美元。朝鲜半岛的分裂并不总是显而易见的,但在韩国人的日常生活中却无处不在。早晚新闻节目经常报道朝鲜最新的导弹发射或核试验,表达了对朝鲜可能攻击韩国并击败驻扎在那里的美军的严重担忧。对那些被怀疑有亲朝鲜情绪的人进行顽固调查可以被视为一项持续的政治计划,无论政府的政治取向如何,其目的都是为了巩固韩国的反共民族主义。有关因朝鲜战争而离散的家庭的悲惨故事以纪录片、电视节目和政府安排的家庭团聚的情感视频片段的形式流传。所有这些 "分裂提醒 "都引导着人们 "有朝一日 "在韩国实现民族统一的目的论愿望。然而,分裂的时间性模棱两可,既是暂时的,又是永久的,既充满希望,又难以预测,这使得韩国年轻人对民族未来的憧憬变得多样化,民族统一的必要性逐渐被 "和平 "这一新的政治修辞所取代--"和平 "是一种超越民族限制的更具普遍性的愿望。在四分五裂的格局中,没有比非军事区(DMZ)更好的标志了,它将持续不断的朝韩冲突和朝鲜战争带来的暂时和平(或停火)具体化和形象化。非军事区在缓冲可能发生的军事冲突(非军事化)以及限制人类侵占(军事化)方面发挥了关键作用,而人类侵占则面临着滥埋地雷的威胁。Eleana Kim 关于高度 "非军事化/军事化 "地区的新书《与自然和平相处》(后记标题恰如其分):这是一本突破性的人种学著作,它深入研究了不可触摸和未被触及的边境地区如何成为一个特殊的 "自然 "空间,从而产生了关于物种间互动的新知识,并为设想与自然和平相处开辟了新的可能性。金在书中通过军国主义和资本主义欲望的交织来阐述非军事区的特殊性。正如第 4 章生动介绍的那样,20 世纪 60 年代,韩国政府鼓励贫穷的朝鲜人搬到非军事区附近居住,而非军事区通常只允许极少数平民进入。目的是让他们在那里种植水稻,以展示南朝鲜边境城镇的繁荣。非军事区不仅远离任何大都市,而且还存在随意埋设致命武器--地雷的危险。新租户们清除了地雷,开垦了土地用于耕种。他们还寻找废金属和军事废料,以补充微薄的农业收入。有时,他们在寻找过程中突然踩到地雷,导致受伤或死亡。但在 2014 年立法规定他们有权获得赔偿之前,受害者一直保持沉默,没有请求任何官方帮助。之所以保持沉默,是因为他们在搬迁到边境城镇时与政府签订了协议(第 127 页)。Kim 将地雷概念化为 "流氓基础设施",因为地雷是自然、文化和技术之间的纠葛(第 121 页),具有不可预测的寿命、无意的承受力和时空偶然性。与 1997 年《禁雷公约》规定的规则相反,反常行为地雷被允许留在非军事区内,作为必要的威慑力量,以及美军为朝鲜例外论而埋藏的有毒武器。金氏的人种学研究表明,地雷受害者认为自己是战争受害者,他们不仅忍受着国家压迫和随机死亡的恐惧,而且还是通过对抗边境另一侧的敌人为国家建设做出贡献的爱国者。当韩朝关系恶化,韩国政府在李明博和朴槿惠的相继执政下出现新自由主义批判性转向时,看似长期无人问津和沉默的非军事区开始引起全球的特别关注。此时,韩国政府试图将非军事区从战争制造的冲突中重新定位。
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引用次数: 0
Editor's Note 编者按
IF 0.3 0 ASIAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1353/ks.2024.a930993
Cheehyung Harrison Kim
<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span><p> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> Editor's Note <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Cheehyung Harrison Kim </li> </ul> <p>Two interconnected Special Sections are at the core of this volume. The first is titled "A Transnational Reading of the Invention of Korea's Confucian Traditions," exceptionally guest edited by Daham Chong (Sangmyung University). The second is guest editor Bonnie Tilland's (Leiden University) superb "Portrayals of Motherhood in South Korean Popular and Practiced Culture." Confucianism and motherhood are notions and practices tied to the ideological perception of constancy, on the one hand, and the shifting epistemological norms based on cultural and historical exigencies, on the other. The authors of the two Special Sections question and explore various historical and cultural predicaments of Confucianism and motherhood in modern and contemporary Korea.</p> <p>The Special Section on the invention of Confucian traditions begins with Daham Chong's meticulous account of the influence Max Weber had on modern Korean historians' comprehension of Confucianism-derived systems in late Koryŏ and early Chosŏn, namely the civil service examination. Young-chan Choi (University of Oxford) adroitly investigates the epistemological changes distinctly occurring in late nineteenth century Korea, in which Confucianism comes to be seen as inferior to the modernist understandings of the world stemming from Protestantism. The postliberation space is Kim Hunjoo's (Hanbat National University) research area, where the process of remaking Confucianism as a new tradition is carefully scrutinized in relation to the nation building process. The final piece in this Special Section is on literary culture. Owen <strong>[End Page v]</strong> Stampton's (University of British Columbia) sophisticated article probes into the tension between tradition and modern life as experienced by women characters in Yi Kwang-su's 1917 play <em>Kyuhan</em>, as well as discussing the birth of the modern stage in Korea.</p> <p>South Korea's variegated cultural expressions of motherhood is the theme of the second Special Section. It starts with Ji-yoon An's (University of British Columbia) keen multilayered comparison of the notion of motherhood between Kore-eda Hirokazu's <em>Broker</em> (2022) and South Korean films from the 1990s and 2000s about the absurd aspects of marriage and family, films such as <em>My Wife Got Married</em> (2008). Turning to television, Young A. Jung's (George Mason University) engrossing article approaches motherhood as a totalizing system, as represented in South Korea's recent—and popular—television dramas such as <em>Sky Castle</em> (2018–2019). The incongruent surge of feminism is at the center of Barbara Wall's (University of Copenhagen) astute discussion of motherhood and mothering, as evoked by South Korea's 2019 television drama <em>When the Camellia Blooms</em
以下是内容的简要摘录,以代替摘要: 编者按 Cheehyung Harrison Kim 本卷的核心内容是两个相互关联的特辑。第一个专题题为 "韩国儒家传统发明的跨国解读",由 Daham Chong(尚明大学)担任特邀编辑。第二本是客座编辑邦妮-蒂兰德(Bonnie Tilland)(莱顿大学)的超级大作《韩国流行和实践文化中的母亲形象》。儒学和母性的概念和实践一方面与意识形态中的恒常观念相联系,另一方面又与基于文化和历史迫切需要的不断变化的认识论规范相联系。两个特别单元的作者对现代和当代韩国儒教和母性的各种历史和文化困境提出了质疑和探讨。关于儒家传统发明的专题部分首先由庄大岩(Daham Chong)细致论述了马克斯-韦伯(Max Weber)对现代韩国历史学家理解高丽末期和朝鲜早期儒家衍生制度(即文官考试)的影响。Young-chan Choi(牛津大学)巧妙地研究了 19 世纪末韩国认识论发生的明显变化,在这种变化中,儒家思想被视为不如新教产生的现代主义对世界的理解。Kim Hunjoo(韩国国立韩巴大学)的研究领域是解放后的空间,在这一领域中,将儒学重塑为新传统的过程与国家建设过程相关联,并对这一过程进行了仔细的审视。本专栏的最后一篇文章是关于文学文化的。欧文-斯坦普顿(Owen [End Page v] Stampton,英属哥伦比亚大学)的文章深入探讨了李光洙 1917 年的戏剧《九汉》中女性角色所经历的传统与现代生活之间的紧张关系,并讨论了韩国现代舞台的诞生。韩国对母性的不同文化表达是第二个特别单元的主题。首先,Ji-yoon An(不列颠哥伦比亚大学)对韩国电影大师是枝裕和的《经纪人》(2022 年)与 20 世纪 90 年代和 2000 年代韩国电影(如《我妻子结婚了》(2008 年))之间的母性概念进行了敏锐的多层次比较。谈到电视,Young A. Jung(乔治-梅森大学)的文章引人入胜,将母性作为一种全面化的系统,在韩国近期流行的电视剧中有所体现,如《天空之城》(2018-2019)。芭芭拉-沃尔(哥本哈根大学)敏锐地讨论了韩国 2019 年电视剧《山茶花开时》(When the Camellia Blooms)中唤起的母性和母爱,而女权主义的不协调涌动正是这篇文章的中心。安德鲁-罗吉(Andrew Logie)(赫尔辛基大学)的一篇关于《正山道》(Chŭngsando)对其领袖Ko P'allye的描写引人入胜,Ko P'allye是一位在二十世纪初过着激进的次等生活的女性,这篇文章探讨了母性、宗教信仰和妇女解放之间错综复杂而又问题重重的关系。邦妮-蒂兰德(Bonnie Tilland)(莱顿大学)的文章以网络漫画的形式描绘了母性,这篇文章既新颖又贴切,特别是它涉及到了不断变化的育儿规范,在这种规范下,幽默成为了一种重要的表达方式。本卷还收录了一些优秀的研究文章和一篇评论文章。Hyosun Lee(延世大学)对韩国政府提出的 "模范难民 "概念进行了批判性干预,指出文学和电影中表现的北朝鲜人在韩国的不同生活轨迹。Nur Aisyah Kotarumalos(首尔国立大学)以访谈为基础,对在韩国的印尼移民在劳动力市场的歧视性环境中的生活进行了研究。Patrick Vierthaler 的历史文章尖锐地探讨了有关李承晚的记忆争论,因为李承晚的生平在 20 世纪 90 年代被保守派 "重新发现"。Kyrie Vermette(英属哥伦比亚大学)的研究出色地探讨了 19 世纪末和 20 世纪初韩国妇女的自主性,该研究表明,西方传教士妇女的目标往往与韩国 [尾页 vi] 妇女的独立愿望相悖。Kristjana Gunnars(冰岛大学)撰写了一篇关于作为话语的韩语历史的出色评论文章。本卷最后附有四篇相关书评。Hosub...
{"title":"Editor's Note","authors":"Cheehyung Harrison Kim","doi":"10.1353/ks.2024.a930993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ks.2024.a930993","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;In lieu of&lt;/span&gt; an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:&lt;/span&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;!-- html_title --&gt; Editor's Note &lt;!-- /html_title --&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; Cheehyung Harrison Kim &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;p&gt;Two interconnected Special Sections are at the core of this volume. The first is titled \"A Transnational Reading of the Invention of Korea's Confucian Traditions,\" exceptionally guest edited by Daham Chong (Sangmyung University). The second is guest editor Bonnie Tilland's (Leiden University) superb \"Portrayals of Motherhood in South Korean Popular and Practiced Culture.\" Confucianism and motherhood are notions and practices tied to the ideological perception of constancy, on the one hand, and the shifting epistemological norms based on cultural and historical exigencies, on the other. The authors of the two Special Sections question and explore various historical and cultural predicaments of Confucianism and motherhood in modern and contemporary Korea.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The Special Section on the invention of Confucian traditions begins with Daham Chong's meticulous account of the influence Max Weber had on modern Korean historians' comprehension of Confucianism-derived systems in late Koryŏ and early Chosŏn, namely the civil service examination. Young-chan Choi (University of Oxford) adroitly investigates the epistemological changes distinctly occurring in late nineteenth century Korea, in which Confucianism comes to be seen as inferior to the modernist understandings of the world stemming from Protestantism. The postliberation space is Kim Hunjoo's (Hanbat National University) research area, where the process of remaking Confucianism as a new tradition is carefully scrutinized in relation to the nation building process. The final piece in this Special Section is on literary culture. Owen &lt;strong&gt;[End Page v]&lt;/strong&gt; Stampton's (University of British Columbia) sophisticated article probes into the tension between tradition and modern life as experienced by women characters in Yi Kwang-su's 1917 play &lt;em&gt;Kyuhan&lt;/em&gt;, as well as discussing the birth of the modern stage in Korea.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;South Korea's variegated cultural expressions of motherhood is the theme of the second Special Section. It starts with Ji-yoon An's (University of British Columbia) keen multilayered comparison of the notion of motherhood between Kore-eda Hirokazu's &lt;em&gt;Broker&lt;/em&gt; (2022) and South Korean films from the 1990s and 2000s about the absurd aspects of marriage and family, films such as &lt;em&gt;My Wife Got Married&lt;/em&gt; (2008). Turning to television, Young A. Jung's (George Mason University) engrossing article approaches motherhood as a totalizing system, as represented in South Korea's recent—and popular—television dramas such as &lt;em&gt;Sky Castle&lt;/em&gt; (2018–2019). The incongruent surge of feminism is at the center of Barbara Wall's (University of Copenhagen) astute discussion of motherhood and mothering, as evoked by South Korea's 2019 television drama &lt;em&gt;When the Camellia Blooms&lt;/em","PeriodicalId":43382,"journal":{"name":"Korean Studies","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141507195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Between the Streets and the Assembly: Social Movements, Political Parties, and Democracy in Korea by Yoonkyung Lee (review) 《在街头和国会之间:韩国的社会运动、政党和民主主义》,作者:李允京(书评)
0 ASIAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/ks.2023.a908632
Reviewed by: Between the Streets and the Assembly: Social Movements, Political Parties, and Democracy in Korea by Yoonkyung Lee Minyoung Kim Between the Streets and the Assembly: Social Movements, Political Parties, and Democracy in Korea, by Yoonkyung Lee. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai'i Press, 2022. 244 pages. Some of us, who have tasted the enthusiasm of activism, may have probably been driven to despair to see that our desire for social change gets blunted as soon as it is placed on a legislator's desk in a form of a bill. We, perhaps more of us, also wonder how activism mold and empower progressive reform agendas before they are presented to electorates. This volume peaks into what happens in between. Specifically, the author examines three different pathways through which reform agendas can be realized in politics. Overall, this book makes a crucial scholarly contribution by bridging the intellectual gap between studies on institutional politics and social movements. Between the Streets and the Assembly largely consists of two parts. While the detailed elaborations on the three roads taken by former pro-democracy activists are at the foreground of this volume, the first two chapters successfully pave the way for that highlight by sketching the extensive historical background of Korean party politics and civil society before and [End Page 413] throughout the authoritarian regimes. Covering the political genealogy that has shaped today's political terrain in Korea, the earlier chapters serve as a well-designed textbook for advanced learners of Korean politics and social movements. The author casts a question that is particularly intriguing to anyone familiar with the fact that "South Koreans are really good at protesting" (p. 2) and the Korean civil society's high capacity for mobilizing and advancing people's demands on a national scale. That is, "What makes Korean citizens continue to go to the streets to articulate political demands?" and "Why do existing [or newly formed] political parties fail to respond to the people's call for new politics?" (p. 4). Throughout the volume, the answers are given by tracing the three trajectories taken by former pro-democracy activists after Korea's political democratization: remaining in the social movement sector as an activist, joining the centrist party as a politician, and establishing progressive parties from scratch to enter the legislative body. In the first of the three main chapters, the author examines how today's civil society took its shape along with the demise of decades-long authoritarian rule. It is impressively described how the Korean civil society which was previously in unison against autocratic rule embraces the democratic transition and reorganizes itself in a way that can respond to the diversified interests and demands of the public. This preceding process explains how the activist group becomes the most influential and resourceful force, of the three groups being examined, th
书评:《街头与集会之间:韩国的社会运动、政党与民主主义》,作者:李允敬,金敏英;《街头与集会之间:韩国的社会运动、政党与民主主义》,作者:李允敬。檀香山,夏威夷:夏威夷大学出版社,2022。244页。我们中的一些人尝到了激进主义的热情,看到我们对社会变革的渴望一旦以法案的形式摆在立法者的办公桌上就会变得迟钝,可能会感到绝望。我们,也许是更多的人,也想知道激进主义是如何在向选民展示进步改革议程之前塑造和授权的。这个量在两者之间达到峰值。具体而言,作者考察了改革议程在政治中实现的三种不同途径。总的来说,这本书通过弥合制度政治和社会运动研究之间的知识差距,做出了重要的学术贡献。街道与大会之间主要由两部分组成。虽然对前民主活动家所走的三条道路的详细阐述是本卷的重点,但前两章通过概述专制政权之前和整个独裁政权期间韩国政党政治和公民社会的广泛历史背景,成功地为这一重点铺平了道路。前几章涵盖了塑造当今韩国政治格局的政治谱系,为韩国政治和社会运动的高级学习者提供了精心设计的教科书。对于熟悉“韩国人真的很擅长抗议”(第2页)以及韩国公民社会在全国范围内动员和推进人民要求的高能力这一事实的人来说,作者提出了一个特别有趣的问题。也就是说,“是什么让韩国国民继续走上街头,表达政治要求?”“为什么现有的(或新成立的)政党不能回应国民对新政治的要求?”(第4页)。在整个书中,通过追踪韩国政治民主化后前民主运动人士的三个轨迹给出了答案:作为活动家留在社会运动领域,作为政治家加入中间派,从零开始建立进步政党进入立法机构。在三个主要章节的第一章中,作者考察了今天的公民社会是如何随着长达数十年的专制统治的消亡而形成的。该书令人印象深刻地描述了以前团结一致反对专制统治的韩国市民社会如何接受民主转型,并以能够回应国民多样化利益和要求的方式进行自我重组。上述过程解释了运动团体如何在被审查的三个团体中成为最有影响力和最有资源的力量,能够系统地制定和推动改革议程。作者强调了“国家团结基础设施”(第42页),它使全国范围内的迅速动员成为可能,同时也强调了软实力,这种软实力以专业知识填充和流通这一结构。下一章展示了前亲民主活动人士作为政治家进入中间派政党,这可能是本书的核心。特别是,这一章使政治社会学和社会运动的学者成为它的主要读者,因为它最好地处理了制度政治和社会运动之间引发的困惑——“为什么政治家不能回应人民对改革政党政治的呼吁?”作者探讨了政党结构对前民主运动人士如何进入政党和寻求政治生涯的影响。除了追求连任之外,政治家们与他们之前有联系的公民团体的关系发生了变化,这揭示了公民团体的地位及其与制度政治的关系所带来的一个有趣的困境。人们对社会运动组织的高度信任,虽然支持了他们的自主性,但也使他们远离了制度政治和公民社会的参与,从而付出了代价。第三章阐述了在立法机构中建立进步政党的另一种历程,重点介绍了他们崛起的经验教训和……
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引用次数: 0
Cultural Networks of the Chungin : Chosŏn Interpreters' Participation in Poetry Societies 忠仁族的文化网络:Chosŏn译者参与诗社
0 ASIAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/ks.2023.a908617
Jing Hu
Abstract: This paper illuminates the cultural performance of Chosŏn (1392–1910) interpreters in the nineteenth century, with a particular focus on interpreters' participation in poetry societies ( sisa 詩社). The study aims to explore the cultural status of interpreters by examining the networks they built within poetry societies and to investigate whether engagement in cultural activities contributed to their social mobility in the late nineteenth century. Existing scholarship on the social mobility of the chungin (中人, "middle people") heavily relies on the influence of demographic expansion and position monopoly, at the expense of other indicators reflecting the chungin's social position such as economic, cultural, and political standing. To bridge this research gap, this research uses the cultural life of Chosŏn interpreters as a lens to examine how the chungin interacted with other groups. I use Kang Wi's (姜瑋 1820–1884) Kohwandang such'o (古歡堂收艸, "Collected Works of Kang Wi") as the primary source to extract social connections between the Poetry Society of the Sixth Bridge (Yukkyo sisa 六橋詩社), of which most members were official interpreters and medical doctors living in Hanyang, and the South Poetry Society, which was a poetry community organized by the yangban . Through analyzing clusters and patterns based on the concurrence of the participants, this study concludes that the cultural status of the chungin did not fully align with their categorization in the social hierarchy, and the social gap between the yangban and the chungin did not cease because of cultural exchanges.
摘要:本文阐释了Chosŏn(1392-1910)译者在19世纪的文化表现,重点关注了译者在诗社(sisa)中的参与。本研究旨在通过考察译者在诗歌社团中建立的网络来探索译者的文化地位,并调查参与文化活动是否有助于他们在19世纪后期的社会流动。现有的关于“中产阶级”社会流动的学术研究严重依赖于人口扩张和地位垄断的影响,而忽略了反映“中产阶级”社会地位的其他指标,如经济、文化和政治地位。为了弥补这一研究差距,本研究以Chosŏn口译员的文化生活为视角,考察了chungin如何与其他群体互动。我用康Wi(姜瑋1820 - 1884)Kohwandang这样的传闻(古歡堂收艸,“康Wi文集”)作为主要来源提取诗歌协会第六桥之间的社会关系(Yukkyo sisa六橋詩社),其中的大多数成员是官方翻译和医生住在汉阳,和南方诗歌的社会,这是一个诗歌yangban社区组织。本研究通过对参与者认同程度的聚类分析和模式分析,认为乡镇居民的文化地位与其社会等级分类并不完全一致,乡镇居民与乡镇居民之间的社会差距并未因文化交流而消失。
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引用次数: 0
Mapping the Circulation and Use of Korean Tea Bowls in Sixteenth-Century Japan 绘制16世纪日本韩国茶碗的流通和使用地图
0 ASIAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/ks.2023.a908618
Sol Jung
Abstract: This essay explores a preliminary attempt to map the circulation and use of Korean ceramics, specifically tea bowls, in sixteenth-century Japan, using the integrated application, Palladio, developed at Humanities + Design, Stanford University. I focus on the diaries kept by sixteenth-century Japanese merchants, who were active collectors and participants of Japanese tea practice called chanoyu : a cultural forum where Korean tea bowls became highly valuable items among Japanese elites from 1537 onwards. The four diaries, Matsuya kaiki, Tennōjiya kaiki, Imai Sōkyū chanoyu nikki nukigaki , and Sōtan nikki , which document tea gatherings that took place in sixteenth-century Japan, demonstrate the growing popularity of Korean tea bowls among merchants, warriors, and Buddhist monks. While these historical texts are key sources of information on the appreciation of premodern Korean ceramics in Japan, they have been overlooked by scholars of Korean art history, since their renown has been limited to the specialized field of premodern Japanese tea culture. Moreover, the idiosyncratic format of these diaries requires knowledge of premodern Japanese tea practice to understand, and there have been no formal translations into other languages, making them inaccessible to those who do not read Japanese. Palladio presents the opportunity to digitally visualize and map the author's own English translation of more than 600 diary entries from 1537 to 1591 that mention Korean ceramics. I consider how data visualization can expand our understanding of the transnational impact of premodern Korean ceramics, and facilitate the introduction of unfamiliar primary sources to the field of Korean studies.
摘要:本文利用斯坦福大学人文与设计学院开发的综合应用软件Palladio,对16世纪日本韩国陶瓷(特别是茶碗)的流通和使用进行了初步探索。我把重点放在16世纪日本商人的日记上,他们是活跃的收藏家,也是日本茶业的参与者。茶业是一种文化论坛,从1537年开始,韩国茶碗在日本精英中成为非常珍贵的物品。《松谷开纪》、《Tennōjiya开纪》、《今井Sōkyū茶友尼基nukigaki》、《Sōtan尼基》等记录16世纪日本茶会的四本日记显示,韩国茶碗在商人、武士和佛教僧侣中越来越受欢迎。虽然这些历史文献是在日本欣赏前现代韩国陶瓷的重要信息来源,但由于它们的知名度仅限于日本前现代茶文化的专业领域,因此被韩国美术史学者所忽视。此外,这些日记的特殊格式需要了解前现代日本茶的做法,并且没有正式的翻译成其他语言,使那些不懂日语的人无法理解。帕拉迪奥提供了一个机会,将作者自己的英语翻译的600多篇日记(从1537年到1591年)中提到韩国陶瓷的数字可视化和地图化。我考虑数据可视化如何扩展我们对前现代韩国陶瓷跨国影响的理解,并促进将不熟悉的原始来源引入韩国研究领域。
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引用次数: 0
Hegemonic Mimicry: Korean Popular Culture of the Twenty-First Century by Kyung Hyun Kim (review) 《霸权的模仿:21世纪的韩国大众文化》金景贤著(书评)
0 ASIAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/ks.2023.a908631
Reviewed by: Hegemonic Mimicry: Korean Popular Culture of the Twenty-First Century by Kyung Hyun Kim Sojeong Park Hegemonic Mimicry: Korean Popular Culture of the Twenty-First Century, by Kyung Hyun Kim. Durham and London: Duke University Press, 2021. 321 pages. With the ever-growing global popularity of K-pop idol groups including BTS, critical acclaim for the film Parasite, and finally, the worldwide hit of Squid Game, Korean cultural content is making unprecedented inroads in the West. Accordingly, global media and academia have attempted to explain how it is gaining its outsized influence on global culture. Although it has been over 20 years since Hallyu, or the global reception of Korean [End Page 410] popular culture, has been discussed through various texts and phenomena, the new phase of Hallyu calls for new perspectives and more discussion. Hegemonic Mimicry: Korean Popular Culture of the Twenty-First Century by Kyung Hyun Kim is a timely book that provides an updated overview of Korean popular culture. Instead of using the term Hallyu, the book anatomizes Korean cultural content, thereby helping readers understand the (re) construction of Hallyu phenomena throughout last two decades. Addressing the overarching question, "how did South Korea achieve so much success without necessarily developing its own unique technology, styles, and culture in the twenty-first century," (p. ⅹ) the book explores the general geography of contemporary Korean popular culture through seven chapters. The first chapter provides a brief history of K-culture. The six subsequent chapters include interpretations of various facets of K-culture. Chapter 2 discusses how "blackness" and issues of authenticity are articulated and inflected in the Korean hip-hop music scene. Chapter 3 pays attention to the dominance of body-switch films in Korea to argue digitization and dividuation of subjectivity. Chapter 4 examines a Korean variety game show titled Running Man and its popularity in other Asian countries. In Chapter 5, Extreme Job and Parasite, two seemingly unrelated films, are paired to discuss the sociocultural implications of eating in contemporary Korean culture. In Chapter 6, Kim introduces the idea of 'meme-ification' while discussing how Samsung and the K-pop industry has innovated. The final chapter attempts to read Muhan Dojeon, the most successful Korean TV show throughout the last decade, using fundamental cultural elements such as han and hŭng. Underlying this expansive exploration over time and between genres is the concept of "mimicry." As implied by the question quoted above and the title of the book, Kim frames Korean popular culture using the concept of "hegemonic mimicry." He suggests the term to indicate that Korean culture has employed mimicry as a crucial tool to build cultural power by blurring the lines between original and copy, thus offsetting the monolithic power of Western culture. Assuming various approaches and perspectives from ethnic st
书评:《霸权模仿:21世纪的韩国流行文化》作者:金景贤(音译),朴小静(音译)达勒姆和伦敦:杜克大学出版社,2021。321页。防弹少年团(BTS)等韩国偶像组合在世界范围内的人气不断上升,电影《寄生虫》(Parasite)获得好评,《鱿鱼游戏》(Squid Game)在世界范围内获得成功,韩国文化正在以前所未有的速度进军西方。因此,全球媒体和学术界试图解释中国是如何对全球文化产生巨大影响的。虽然韩流,或者说全球对韩国流行文化的接受,已经通过各种文本和现象进行了20多年的讨论,但韩流的新阶段需要新的视角和更多的讨论。金景贤的《霸权模仿:21世纪的韩国大众文化》是一本及时更新韩国大众文化概况的书。该书没有使用“韩流”一词,而是对韩国文化内容进行了剖析,有助于读者理解近20年来韩流现象的(再)建构。针对“韩国如何在21世纪不发展自己独特的技术、风格和文化的情况下取得如此大的成功”这一首要问题(第ⅹ页),该书通过七个章节探讨了当代韩国流行文化的总体地理。第一章简要介绍了韩国文化的历史。接下来的六个章节包括对韩国文化各个方面的解释。第二章讨论了“黑色”和真实性问题是如何在韩国嘻哈音乐场景中表达和变化的。第三章关注韩国换身电影的主导地位,论证数字化与主体性分化。第四章分析了韩国综艺节目《Running Man》在亚洲其他国家的流行情况。在第五章,极端工作和寄生虫,两部看似无关的电影,配对讨论当代韩国文化中饮食的社会文化含义。在第六章中,Kim介绍了“模因化”的概念,同时讨论了三星和K-pop产业是如何创新的。最后一章试图用“韩”和“hŭng”等基本文化元素来解读近10年来最成功的韩剧《舞韩道传》。这种随着时间的推移和不同类型之间的广泛探索背后是“模仿”的概念。正如上面提到的问题和书名所暗示的那样,金用“霸权模仿”的概念构建了韩国大众文化。他提出“模仿”一词,是为了说明韩国文化模糊了原创和复制的界限,将模仿作为构筑文化力量的重要工具,从而抵消了西方文化的单一力量。该书从民族研究、媒介研究、文学研究、地域研究等多种角度出发,对韩国大众文化的动态进行了分析。各种现象、文本和哲学概念的并列是本书获得积极评价的地方。这本书将《冲出康普顿》和《Sopyonje》联系在一起,跨越了不同的民族身份。将崔成姬的日帝强占时期舞蹈与鸟叔的《江南Style》结合在一起,跨越了时间的界限,讨论了舞韩道田和马唐国的相似之处,打破了流派之间的界限。因此,它的跨媒体和跨国想象力激发读者将当代韩国流行文化内容放在不同的背景下,并发现其社会历史和文化政治含义。他还借鉴了德勒兹、马克思、杜波依斯、鲍德里亚、巴特、法农、卢卡奇、弗洛伊德、姆本贝、本雅明等人的哲学概念来解释韩国大众文化现象。尽管有些部分需要更深入的解释,但这种将流行文化的各个方面理论化的尝试为读者提供了一个深刻的视角来看待我们每天消费的媒体。尽管这本书有很多优点,但它也包含了一些可能引发争论的观点。例如,K-pop是“一个制作和推广音乐的政府机构,它仍然是非政治性的,不批评韩国统治的新自由主义父权制及其价值观”(第51页),或者K-pop是“作为一个计划出口到其他国家的行业诞生的……
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引用次数: 0
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Korean Studies
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