The long-term consequences of orthodontic treatment have been a major concern to ensure that orthodontists adopt the appropriate protocol in resolving malocclusions without causing undesirable outcomes in the future. The objective of this study was to evaluate dento-skeletal changes in orthodontic treatment with and without extractions after 37 years of follow-up. Forty Class I and Class II patients were divided into the Extractions Group and the Non-Extractions Group. Dolphin Imaging software was used to analyze cephalometric radiographs by assessing facial dento-skeletal structures. The Extractions Group consisted of 24 patients (16 females, 8 males), with a mean long-term follow-up of 36.99 years. The Non-Extractions Group consisted of 16 patients (10 females, 6 males), with a mean long-term follow-up of 36.58 years. An independent t-test was used for intergroup comparisons. During orthodontic treatment, the extractions group showed lower incisor retraction (p=0.019). The non-extractions group had a shorter treatment duration (p=0.31). At the 37-year follow-up, both groups presented similar dento-skeletal changes. Orthodontic treatment with and without extractions resulted in comparable dento-skeletal changes at the 37-year follow-up.
{"title":"70 - Dentoskeletal changes in orthodontically treated patients with and without extractions: A 37-year follow-up","authors":"Gabriel Eduardo Bravo Vallejo , Renan Peloso , Lorena Wilka , Caroline Gambardela-Tkacz , Karina Freitas , Marcos Freitas","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The long-term consequences of orthodontic treatment have been a major concern to ensure that orthodontists adopt the appropriate protocol in resolving malocclusions without causing undesirable outcomes in the future. The objective of this study was to evaluate dento-skeletal changes in orthodontic treatment with and without extractions after 37 years of follow-up. Forty Class I and Class II patients were divided into the Extractions Group and the Non-Extractions Group. Dolphin Imaging software was used to analyze cephalometric radiographs by assessing facial dento-skeletal structures. The Extractions Group consisted of 24 patients (16 females, 8 males), with a mean long-term follow-up of 36.99 years. The Non-Extractions Group consisted of 16 patients (10 females, 6 males), with a mean long-term follow-up of 36.58 years. An independent t-test was used for intergroup comparisons. During orthodontic treatment, the extractions group showed lower incisor retraction (p=0.019). The non-extractions group had a shorter treatment duration (p=0.31). At the 37-year follow-up, both groups presented similar dento-skeletal changes. Orthodontic treatment with and without extractions resulted in comparable dento-skeletal changes at the 37-year follow-up.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 6","pages":"Pages 422-423"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145705202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.076
Malgorzata Bilinska , Agnieszka Garlicka , Peter Direr , Petra Kaminkova , Piotr Fudalej
Background: Identifying a simple and reliable indicator of facial size changes in children is crucial for optimizing orthodontic treatment. This is because the best timing for treatment often can aligns with periods of accelerated growth, which coincide with significant facial size changes.
Case Summary: The study seeks to determine the relationship between changes in facial soft tissue size and changes in height, weight, and BMI in developing children. Study involved 113 children (57 girls, 56 boys), average age of 11.8 years (SD = 1.9), recruited from schools in the Olomouc Region, Czech Republic. Facial morphology was captured at two 1-year intervals using a 3D stereophotogrammetric scanner, height and weight were recorded annually, BMI was calculated. Geometric morphometrics (14 fixed landmarks, 400 semi-landmarks) was applied to evaluate facial size. Centroid size (CS) was used as a measure of facial size. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the sample, Generalized Procrustes analysis with multivariate regression models were employed to analyze the relationship between annual changes in CS (dependent variable) and changes in height, weight, BMI, sex and age (independent variables). The mean annual changes in CS were 35.6 (SD=23.1) and 53.4 (SD=27.9), mean annual height changes were 6.8 cm (SD=1.9) and 7.1 cm (SD=2.7), mean annual weight changes: 4.7 kg (SD=2.8) and 6.8 kg (SD=4.1) and mean annual BMI changes: 0.5 (SD=1) and 1.1 (SD=1.6). Regression models showed that the best predictor of CS change was weight change (R²=0.26, p<0.001), followed by height change (R²=0.15, p<0.001), and BMI change (R²=0.09, p=0.003). Age had no significant effect on CS change, but sex was associated with CS change, with boys showing more CS changes than girls (R²=0.15, p=0.003).
Conclusions: Monitoring changes in body weight appears to be a better indicator of facial size changes than tracking height in children.
背景：确定一种简单可靠的儿童面部大小变化指标对于优化正畸治疗至关重要。这是因为治疗的最佳时机通常与加速生长的时期一致，这与面部大小的显著变化相吻合。病例总结：本研究旨在确定发育中儿童面部软组织大小变化与身高、体重和BMI变化之间的关系。研究涉及113名儿童（57名女孩，56名男孩），平均年龄11.8岁（SD = 1.9），来自捷克共和国奥洛穆茨地区的学校。每隔2年使用3D立体摄影扫描仪捕捉面部形态，每年记录身高和体重，计算BMI。采用几何形态计量学（14个固定地标，400个半地标）评价面部大小。质心大小（CS）被用来衡量面部大小。采用描述性统计对样本进行汇总，采用多元回归模型的广义Procrustes分析分析CS（因变量）与身高、体重、BMI、性别、年龄（自变量）的年度变化之间的关系。CS年平均变化分别为35.6 （SD=23.1）和53.4 (SD=27.9)，身高年平均变化分别为6.8 cm （SD=1.9）和7.1 cm (SD=2.7)，体重年平均变化分别为4.7 kg （SD=2.8）和6.8 kg (SD=4.1)， BMI年平均变化分别为0.5 （SD=1）和1.1 （SD=1.6）。回归模型显示，CS变化的最佳预测因子是体重变化（R²=0.26,p= 0.001），其次是身高变化（R²=0.15,p= 0.001）和BMI变化（R²=0.09,p=0.003）。年龄对CS变化无显著影响，但性别与CS变化相关，男孩CS变化多于女孩（R²=0.15,p=0.003）。结论：监测体重变化似乎比追踪身高更能反映儿童面部尺寸的变化。
{"title":"72 - Determining the optimal indicator for facial size changes: Height, weight, or Body Mass Index (BMI) alterations?","authors":"Malgorzata Bilinska , Agnieszka Garlicka , Peter Direr , Petra Kaminkova , Piotr Fudalej","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.076","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><strong>Background:</strong> Identifying a simple and reliable indicator of facial size changes in children is crucial for optimizing orthodontic treatment. This is because the best timing for treatment often can aligns with periods of accelerated growth, which coincide with significant facial size changes.</div><div><strong>Case Summary:</strong> The study seeks to determine the relationship between changes in facial soft tissue size and changes in height, weight, and BMI in developing children. Study involved 113 children (57 girls, 56 boys), average age of 11.8 years (SD = 1.9), recruited from schools in the Olomouc Region, Czech Republic. Facial morphology was captured at two 1-year intervals using a 3D stereophotogrammetric scanner, height and weight were recorded annually, BMI was calculated. Geometric morphometrics (14 fixed landmarks, 400 semi-landmarks) was applied to evaluate facial size. Centroid size (CS) was used as a measure of facial size. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the sample, Generalized Procrustes analysis with multivariate regression models were employed to analyze the relationship between annual changes in CS (dependent variable) and changes in height, weight, BMI, sex and age (independent variables). The mean annual changes in CS were 35.6 (SD=23.1) and 53.4 (SD=27.9), mean annual height changes were 6.8 cm (SD=1.9) and 7.1 cm (SD=2.7), mean annual weight changes: 4.7 kg (SD=2.8) and 6.8 kg (SD=4.1) and mean annual BMI changes: 0.5 (SD=1) and 1.1 (SD=1.6). Regression models showed that the best predictor of CS change was weight change (R²=0.26, p<0.001), followed by height change (R²=0.15, p<0.001), and BMI change (R²=0.09, p=0.003). Age had no significant effect on CS change, but sex was associated with CS change, with boys showing more CS changes than girls (R²=0.15, p=0.003).</div><div><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Monitoring changes in body weight appears to be a better indicator of facial size changes than tracking height in children.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 6","pages":"Page 423"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145705224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.077
Lucas Arrais De Campos , Lucas Mafra dos Anjos , Juliana Alvares Duarte Bonini Campos
Background
The Orofacial Appearance Perception Questionnaire (OAPQ) is an English-language scale proposed to simultaneously measure self-perception of orofacial appearance and the related psychological constructs of self-esteem, body image, and perfectionism.
Objectives
(i) to translate and culturally adapt the OAPQ to Portuguese and (ii) to estimate its psychometric properties when applied to Brazilian adults.
Methods
The Portuguese version of the OAPQ (OAPQ-Pt) was established through translation, back-translation, and a pilot study. An online cross-sectional study with a non-probabilistic sample was conducted to estimate the psychometric properties of the OAPQ-Pt. Psychometric properties were assessed by factorial validity (confirmatory factor analysis [CFA]), convergent validity (Average Variance Extracted [AVE]), and reliability (omega [ω] and ordinal alpha [α] coefficients).
Results
A total of 710 individuals participated in the study (74.0% female, 23.8% dental patients, mean ± standard deviation of age: 28.5 ± 8.9 years). The OAPQ-Pt presented an adequate fit to the sample data after excluding one item from the "perfectionism" factor (CFA: comparative fit index [CFI] ≥ 0.92, Tucker-Lewis index [TLI] ≥ 0.90, and standardized root mean square residual [SRMR] < 0.08). Convergent validity (AVE ≥ 0.5) and reliability (ω and α ≥ 0.82) were adequate.
Conclusion
The OAPQ-Pt demonstrated adequate psychometric properties when applied to Brazilian adults. Therefore, the data obtained using the OAPQ-Pt are valid and reliable for measuring self-perception of orofacial appearance and related psychological constructs among Brazilian adults.
{"title":"73 - Development and psychometric properties of the portuguese version of the orofacial appearance perception questionnaire","authors":"Lucas Arrais De Campos , Lucas Mafra dos Anjos , Juliana Alvares Duarte Bonini Campos","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The Orofacial Appearance Perception Questionnaire (OAPQ) is an English-language scale proposed to simultaneously measure self-perception of orofacial appearance and the related psychological constructs of self-esteem, body image, and perfectionism.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>(i) to translate and culturally adapt the OAPQ to Portuguese and (ii) to estimate its psychometric properties when applied to Brazilian adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The Portuguese version of the OAPQ (OAPQ-Pt) was established through translation, back-translation, and a pilot study. An online cross-sectional study with a non-probabilistic sample was conducted to estimate the psychometric properties of the OAPQ-Pt. Psychometric properties were assessed by factorial validity (confirmatory factor analysis [CFA]), convergent validity (Average Variance Extracted [AVE]), and reliability (omega [ω] and ordinal alpha [α] coefficients).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 710 individuals participated in the study (74.0% female, 23.8% dental patients, mean ± standard deviation of age: 28.5 ± 8.9 years). The OAPQ-Pt presented an adequate fit to the sample data after excluding one item from the \"perfectionism\" factor (CFA: comparative fit index [CFI] ≥ 0.92, Tucker-Lewis index [TLI] ≥ 0.90, and standardized root mean square residual [SRMR] < 0.08). Convergent validity (AVE ≥ 0.5) and reliability (ω and α ≥ 0.82) were adequate.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The OAPQ-Pt demonstrated adequate psychometric properties when applied to Brazilian adults. Therefore, the data obtained using the OAPQ-Pt are valid and reliable for measuring self-perception of orofacial appearance and related psychological constructs among Brazilian adults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 6","pages":"Pages 423-424"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145705225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.006
Marta Neves dos Santos , Iman Bugaighis , José Brito , Luís Proença , Pedro Mariano Pereira
There is limited information regarding available bone volume in the sagittal direction of the Infra-Zygomatic Crest (IZC) for a Micro-Implant (MI) safe insertion. To assess the bone available in the sagittal direction when the IZC anterior and posterior walls reach an inclination of 45°. Cone Beam Computed Tomography of 100 patients (60 females and 40 males) were assessed. The IZC curvature was determined 1mm vestibular to the alveolar cortical bone. The site in which the curvature reached 45° was localised. The anteroposterior IZC sagittal measurement at that site was extracted and compared for left/right asymmetry using a paired sample Student’s t-test. Additionally, the measurements were compared as a function of sex and age group (≤21 years vs. >21 years) by using independent samples Student’s t-test. Furthermore, the correlation between those measurements and age and sex was assessed utilizing the Spearman correlation coefficient (rho). All inferential analyses were performed at a 5% significance level (p<0.05). There were no significant differences between paired IZC sagittal measurements (3.6±1.3 mm left side, 3.5±1.5 mm right side) (p=0.144), except for younger individuals (p=0.030). Also, no significant differences were found between males/females (p=0.149 left side, p=0.152 right side). However, a significant difference was identified between the younger age group (3.2 ±1.2 mm) and the older cohort (3.8 ±1.6 mm) for the right IZC sagittal dimension (p=0.038), with an estimated mean difference of 0.03-1.16 mm (95% CI). A significant positive correlation was found between the right IZC sagittal dimension and age (rho=0.201, p=0.045). Sufficient IZC bone volume at an angle of 45° is available for inserting a MI with no sex or side (left/right) variation, except for younger individuals. The right IZC sagittal dimension was found to be age-dependent and significantly higher in older individuals.
关于在颧下嵴（IZC）矢状方向上用于微植入物（MI）安全插入的可用骨体积的信息有限。评估椎体前、后壁倾角为45°时矢状方向可用骨。对100例患者（女性60例，男性40例）进行锥形束计算机断层扫描。在距牙槽皮质骨前庭1mm处测定IZC曲率。曲率达到45°的部位被定位。提取该部位的正后侧IZC矢状测量值，并使用配对样本学生t检验比较左/右不对称。此外，通过使用独立样本学生t检验，将测量值作为性别和年龄组（≤21岁vs. >；21岁）的函数进行比较。此外，利用Spearman相关系数（rho）评估这些测量值与年龄和性别之间的相关性。所有的推理分析均在5%显著性水平下进行（p<0.05）。配对IZC矢状面测量值（左侧3.6±1.3 mm，右侧3.5±1.5 mm）之间无显著差异（p=0.144），除了年轻个体（p=0.030）。此外，男性/女性之间无显著差异（左侧p=0.149，右侧p=0.152）。然而，在年轻组（3.2±1.2 mm）和老年组（3.8±1.6 mm）之间，右IZC矢状面尺寸有显著差异（p=0.038），估计平均差异为0.03-1.16 mm （95% CI）。右侧IZC矢状面尺寸与年龄呈显著正相关（rho=0.201, p=0.045）。除了年轻人外，45°角的足够IZC骨容量可用于插入MI，没有性别或侧面（左/右）变化。发现右IZC矢状面尺寸与年龄有关，并且在老年人中明显更高。
{"title":"2 - 3D evaluation of bone morphology of the infra-zygomatic crest: A retrospective study","authors":"Marta Neves dos Santos , Iman Bugaighis , José Brito , Luís Proença , Pedro Mariano Pereira","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is limited information regarding available bone volume in the sagittal direction of the Infra-Zygomatic Crest (IZC) for a Micro-Implant (MI) safe insertion. To assess the bone available in the sagittal direction when the IZC anterior and posterior walls reach an inclination of 45°. Cone Beam Computed Tomography of 100 patients (60 females and 40 males) were assessed. The IZC curvature was determined 1mm vestibular to the alveolar cortical bone. The site in which the curvature reached 45° was localised. The anteroposterior IZC sagittal measurement at that site was extracted and compared for left/right asymmetry using a paired sample Student’s t-test. Additionally, the measurements were compared as a function of sex and age group (≤21 years vs. >21 years) by using independent samples Student’s t-test. Furthermore, the correlation between those measurements and age and sex was assessed utilizing the Spearman correlation coefficient (rho). All inferential analyses were performed at a 5% significance level (p<0.05). There were no significant differences between paired IZC sagittal measurements (3.6±1.3 mm left side, 3.5±1.5 mm right side) (p=0.144), except for younger individuals (p=0.030). Also, no significant differences were found between males/females (p=0.149 left side, p=0.152 right side). However, a significant difference was identified between the younger age group (3.2 ±1.2 mm) and the older cohort (3.8 ±1.6 mm) for the right IZC sagittal dimension (p=0.038), with an estimated mean difference of 0.03-1.16 mm (95% CI). A significant positive correlation was found between the right IZC sagittal dimension and age (rho=0.201, p=0.045). Sufficient IZC bone volume at an angle of 45° is available for inserting a MI with no sex or side (left/right) variation, except for younger individuals. The right IZC sagittal dimension was found to be age-dependent and significantly higher in older individuals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 6","pages":"Page 397"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145705255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.038
Amine Majid , Sair Salma , Ousehal Lahcen
Facial aesthetics can play an important role in interpersonal relationships, social inclusion and self-esteem.In terms of facial profile, jaw position and incisor inclination play an important role in facial aesthetics and offer relevant information for treatment planning. Orthodontic treatment needs to take these features on board, particularly in areas racial diversity.
Objectives: - Determine the facial profile the most and least appreciated by a Moroccan population. - To evaluate and compare the perception of Moroccan dentists and members of the public with regard to different facial profiles.
Methods: An initial photographic image of a facial profile of a Brazilian brunette woman was modified with respect to the Ricketts E-line, producing labial positions of -4mm, -2mm, 0mm, +2mm, +4mm, +6mm, and +8mm. The 7 digital photographs were printed and randomly arranged in an album and then presented to a sample of 51 dentists (Orthodontists, Prosthodontists and Periodontists) and 60 members of the public. Assessments were made using a visual analog scale.
Results: - Flat and slightly concave profiles were voted most pleasing by the two juries. - When the profile was very convex, the two juries agreed that it was unattractive. - The Moroccan public jury is more generous in its ratings than the professional jury. - Skin color can influence the perception of facial profile.
Conclusion: The differences between public and professional perceptions of facial profiles should be considered when performing aesthetic treatments. Clinicians must be careful not to impose their own standards of beauty on patients and should take individual preferences and cultural perspectives into account.
{"title":"34 - Assessment of the skin facial profile: Comparison between a public jury and a professional jury","authors":"Amine Majid , Sair Salma , Ousehal Lahcen","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Facial aesthetics can play an important role in interpersonal relationships, social inclusion and self-esteem.In terms of facial profile, jaw position and incisor inclination play an important role in facial aesthetics and offer relevant information for treatment planning. Orthodontic treatment needs to take these features on board, particularly in areas racial diversity.</div><div><strong>Objectives:</strong> - Determine the facial profile the most and least appreciated by a Moroccan population. - To evaluate and compare the perception of Moroccan dentists and members of the public with regard to different facial profiles.</div><div><strong>Methods:</strong> An initial photographic image of a facial profile of a Brazilian brunette woman was modified with respect to the Ricketts E-line, producing labial positions of -4mm, -2mm, 0mm, +2mm, +4mm, +6mm, and +8mm. The 7 digital photographs were printed and randomly arranged in an album and then presented to a sample of 51 dentists (Orthodontists, Prosthodontists and Periodontists) and 60 members of the public. Assessments were made using a visual analog scale.</div><div><strong>Results:</strong> - Flat and slightly concave profiles were voted most pleasing by the two juries. - When the profile was very convex, the two juries agreed that it was unattractive. - The Moroccan public jury is more generous in its ratings than the professional jury. - Skin color can influence the perception of facial profile.</div><div><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The differences between public and professional perceptions of facial profiles should be considered when performing aesthetic treatments. Clinicians must be careful not to impose their own standards of beauty on patients and should take individual preferences and cultural perspectives into account.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 6","pages":"Page 410"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145705257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.060
Kelli Zeferino Correia Bauermann , Jaíne Larissa Codato Serigioli , Célia Regina Maio Pinzan-Vercelino , Paula Cotrin , Fabrício Pinelli Valarelli , Karina Maria Salvatore de Freitas
Facial aesthetics, especially the smile, greatly influence attractiveness and social interactions, being a factor increasingly valued in contemporary society.
Objective
This study aimed to compare the attractiveness of the smile in Class II patients treated with a Twin Force Bite Corrector appliance or surgically. Material and
Methods
The sample consisted of smile photographs of 30 patients before and after treatment. All had Class II malocclusion, treated without extraction, divided into two groups based on the treatment. Group 1 (TFBC) had 15 patients (10 men, 5 women, mean starting age 19.55 years), with a treatment time of 2.58 years. Group 2 (Surgical) had 15 patients (6 men, 9 women, mean starting age 20.14 years), with a treatment time of 2.36 years. Photos were standardized, placed on a black-and-white scale, and evaluated via Google Forms by laypeople, dentists, and orthodontists, rating smile attractiveness from 0 to 10. Inter-group comparisons used the independent t-test.
Results
Both groups showed significant improvements in smile attractiveness, but the surgical group had greater final scores. Orthodontists gave higher ratings than laypeople and dentists.
Conclusion
The improvement in smile attractiveness was similar in both groups, but patients treated surgically had greater smile attractiveness at the end of treatment.
{"title":"56 - Comparison of the smile attractiveness of Class II patients treated with the Twin Force appliance and Orthognatic Surgery","authors":"Kelli Zeferino Correia Bauermann , Jaíne Larissa Codato Serigioli , Célia Regina Maio Pinzan-Vercelino , Paula Cotrin , Fabrício Pinelli Valarelli , Karina Maria Salvatore de Freitas","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Facial aesthetics, especially the smile, greatly influence attractiveness and social interactions, being a factor increasingly valued in contemporary society.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to compare the attractiveness of the smile in Class II patients treated with a Twin Force Bite Corrector appliance or surgically. Material and</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The sample consisted of smile photographs of 30 patients before and after treatment. All had Class II malocclusion, treated without extraction, divided into two groups based on the treatment. Group 1 (TFBC) had 15 patients (10 men, 5 women, mean starting age 19.55 years), with a treatment time of 2.58 years. Group 2 (Surgical) had 15 patients (6 men, 9 women, mean starting age 20.14 years), with a treatment time of 2.36 years. Photos were standardized, placed on a black-and-white scale, and evaluated via Google Forms by laypeople, dentists, and orthodontists, rating smile attractiveness from 0 to 10. Inter-group comparisons used the independent t-test.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both groups showed significant improvements in smile attractiveness, but the surgical group had greater final scores. Orthodontists gave higher ratings than laypeople and dentists.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The improvement in smile attractiveness was similar in both groups, but patients treated surgically had greater smile attractiveness at the end of treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 6","pages":"Pages 417-418"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145705378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.027
Suhavi Singh , Nitisha Narayan , Alistair Cobb , Neil McLean , David David , Shaheel Chummun
Postoperative infection following cleft palate repair can result in wound breakdown and oronasal fistula formation, leading to complications such as impaired speech development, regurgitation, and scarring, which may restrict maxillary growth. Symptomatic fistulae often necessitate further surgeries, impacting psychosocial development through missed school and social disruption. Despite this, there is limited evidence supporting the use of postoperative antibiotics to prevent infection or fistula formation, and no consensus exists among cleft surgeons. This study aimed to evaluate fistula rates and the effect of postoperative antibiotic regimens in primary cleft palatoplasty. A retrospective quality improvement study was conducted on 97 consecutive patients undergoing cleft palate repair between August 2020 and August 2022. Data included demographics, cleft type (Veau classification), antibiotic regimen, and fistula presence at three-month follow-up. Two surgeons, both using the Sommerlad intravelar veloplasty technique, employed differing antibiotic protocols: Surgeon A administered intravenous (IV) antibiotics on induction with either two additional IV doses (Cycle 1) or no further antibiotics (Cycle 2), while Surgeon B added a seven-day course of oral antibiotics post-discharge. Fistula rates were 11.3% in Cycle 1 and 5.8% in Cycle 2, with no significant differences between regimens in either cycle (Cycle 1: χ² = 0.0255, p = 0.8730; Cycle 2: χ² = 0.021, p = 0.8848). These findings suggest extended antibiotic use does not significantly reduce fistula formation and underscore the importance of promoting antibiotic stewardship. Although limited by sample size, this study highlights the need for a UK-wide randomised controlled trial to establish evidence-based guidelines and standardise postoperative care.
{"title":"23 - Antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of fistulae in cleft palate repair","authors":"Suhavi Singh , Nitisha Narayan , Alistair Cobb , Neil McLean , David David , Shaheel Chummun","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Postoperative infection following cleft palate repair can result in wound breakdown and oronasal fistula formation, leading to complications such as impaired speech development, regurgitation, and scarring, which may restrict maxillary growth. Symptomatic fistulae often necessitate further surgeries, impacting psychosocial development through missed school and social disruption. Despite this, there is limited evidence supporting the use of postoperative antibiotics to prevent infection or fistula formation, and no consensus exists among cleft surgeons. This study aimed to evaluate fistula rates and the effect of postoperative antibiotic regimens in primary cleft palatoplasty. A retrospective quality improvement study was conducted on 97 consecutive patients undergoing cleft palate repair between August 2020 and August 2022. Data included demographics, cleft type (Veau classification), antibiotic regimen, and fistula presence at three-month follow-up. Two surgeons, both using the Sommerlad intravelar veloplasty technique, employed differing antibiotic protocols: Surgeon A administered intravenous (IV) antibiotics on induction with either two additional IV doses (Cycle 1) or no further antibiotics (Cycle 2), while Surgeon B added a seven-day course of oral antibiotics post-discharge. Fistula rates were 11.3% in Cycle 1 and 5.8% in Cycle 2, with no significant differences between regimens in either cycle (Cycle 1: χ² = 0.0255, p = 0.8730; Cycle 2: χ² = 0.021, p = 0.8848). These findings suggest extended antibiotic use does not significantly reduce fistula formation and underscore the importance of promoting antibiotic stewardship. Although limited by sample size, this study highlights the need for a UK-wide randomised controlled trial to establish evidence-based guidelines and standardise postoperative care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 6","pages":"Page 405"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145705653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.039
Jana Marciniak , Gabriela Fonseca-Souza , Rafaela Scariot , Juliana Feltrin-Souza , Christian Kirschneck , Erika Calvano Küchler
Non-syndromic oral clefts (NSOC) result from disruptions in the development of the primary and secondary palate and are categorized into cleft lip (CL), cleft lip and palate (CLP), and cleft palate (CP). NSOC is a condition with complex genetically heterogeneous backgrounds for that several genes might be involved. Therefore this cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between NSOC and functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes that potentially influence the vitamin D levels and PTH levels. Brazilian individuals with NSOC – presenting cleft lip (CL), cleft lip and palate (CLP) and cleft palate (CP) – and a comparison group of children without NSOC were selected. The DNA of all individuals was obtained from epithelial cells of the oral mucosa. Ten SNPs in six genes (VDR, CYP27B1, CYP24A1, SEC23A, CALCR and PTH) were selected. Genotyping was performed by real-time PCR. The association between NSCL/P and vitamin D-related polymorphisms was analysed by Chi-square test at a significance level of 5%. The sample consisted of 274 individuals with 154 NSOC individuals and 120 controls. The most frequent cleft type in the NSOC group was CLP (n=91; 59.1%), followed by CL (n=43; 27.9%) and CP (n=20; 13.0%). A statistical significance was observed for the rs694 for NSOC (p = 0.0243) and for the CL (p = 0.0302) compared to the control. In conclusion, the SNP rs694 in the gene encoding parathyroid hormone was associated with non-syndromic oral cleft for that the CC genotype could be a protective factor.
{"title":"35 - Association between single nucleotide polymorphisms in vitamin D-related and Parathyroid Hormone Gene with non-syndromic oral cleft","authors":"Jana Marciniak , Gabriela Fonseca-Souza , Rafaela Scariot , Juliana Feltrin-Souza , Christian Kirschneck , Erika Calvano Küchler","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-syndromic oral clefts (NSOC) result from disruptions in the development of the primary and secondary palate and are categorized into cleft lip (CL), cleft lip and palate (CLP), and cleft palate (CP). NSOC is a condition with complex genetically heterogeneous backgrounds for that several genes might be involved. Therefore this cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between NSOC and functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes that potentially influence the vitamin D levels and PTH levels. Brazilian individuals with NSOC – presenting cleft lip (CL), cleft lip and palate (CLP) and cleft palate (CP) – and a comparison group of children without NSOC were selected. The DNA of all individuals was obtained from epithelial cells of the oral mucosa. Ten SNPs in six genes (VDR, CYP27B1, CYP24A1, SEC23A, CALCR and PTH) were selected. Genotyping was performed by real-time PCR. The association between NSCL/P and vitamin D-related polymorphisms was analysed by Chi-square test at a significance level of 5%. The sample consisted of 274 individuals with 154 NSOC individuals and 120 controls. The most frequent cleft type in the NSOC group was CLP (n=91; 59.1%), followed by CL (n=43; 27.9%) and CP (n=20; 13.0%). A statistical significance was observed for the rs694 for NSOC (p = 0.0243) and for the CL (p = 0.0302) compared to the control. In conclusion, the SNP rs694 in the gene encoding parathyroid hormone was associated with non-syndromic oral cleft for that the CC genotype could be a protective factor.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 6","pages":"Page 410"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145705658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The assessment of growth potential is vital in orthodontic diagnosis, particularly in growing patients. Traditionally, this relies on skeletal maturation indicators like hand-wrist radiographs, cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) analysis, and dental development stages. However, these methods are subjective and subject to interobserver variability. Artificial intelligence (AI), especially deep learning and machine learning algorithms, offers a promising tool for improving growth prediction accuracy and optimizing orthodontic decision-making.
Objectives
This study aims to evaluate the predictive accuracy of AI models in determining skeletal growth potential by comparing their performance with traditional methods such as CVM analysis and hand-wrist radiographs.
Methods
An electronic search was conducted across PubMed, Cochrane, ScienceDirect, Springer, and Google Scholar for articles published between 2015 and 2025. Studies using AI models to predict skeletal growth were included, while those without comparative evaluations to traditional methods were excluded. The analysis focused on accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and agreement with expert assessments.
Results
AI models have demonstrated high accuracy, exceeding 85%, in predicting skeletal maturation stages. The application of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to lateral cephalometric and hand-wrist radiographs outperforms conventional methods based on CVM classification. AI reduces interobserver variability, improving diagnostic reproducibility and efficiency. In hand-wrist radiograph analysis, AI improves assessment accuracy and saves time. Regarding cervical vertebral maturation, the artificial neural network (ANN) model performed comparably, or even superior, to human observers. However, prediction reliability depends on the quality of databases and algorithmic choices.
Conclusions
AI is a promising tool for predicting skeletal growth potential with high accuracy and reproducibility. Integrating AI into orthodontic diagnostics could enhance decision-making and treatment planning. Further studies with standardized datasets and validation across diverse populations are necessary to optimize AI performance and clinical applicability.
{"title":"27 - Artificial intelligence in growth potential assessment: A predictable future in orthodontics","authors":"Soukaina El Baz , Soukaina Sahim , Zineb Saffi Eddine , Farid Bourzghi , Farid Elquars","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The assessment of growth potential is vital in orthodontic diagnosis, particularly in growing patients. Traditionally, this relies on skeletal maturation indicators like hand-wrist radiographs, cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) analysis, and dental development stages. However, these methods are subjective and subject to interobserver variability. Artificial intelligence (AI), especially deep learning and machine learning algorithms, offers a promising tool for improving growth prediction accuracy and optimizing orthodontic decision-making.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aims to evaluate the predictive accuracy of AI models in determining skeletal growth potential by comparing their performance with traditional methods such as CVM analysis and hand-wrist radiographs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An electronic search was conducted across PubMed, Cochrane, ScienceDirect, Springer, and Google Scholar for articles published between 2015 and 2025. Studies using AI models to predict skeletal growth were included, while those without comparative evaluations to traditional methods were excluded. The analysis focused on accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and agreement with expert assessments.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>AI models have demonstrated high accuracy, exceeding 85%, in predicting skeletal maturation stages. The application of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to lateral cephalometric and hand-wrist radiographs outperforms conventional methods based on CVM classification. AI reduces interobserver variability, improving diagnostic reproducibility and efficiency. In hand-wrist radiograph analysis, AI improves assessment accuracy and saves time. Regarding cervical vertebral maturation, the artificial neural network (ANN) model performed comparably, or even superior, to human observers. However, prediction reliability depends on the quality of databases and algorithmic choices.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>AI is a promising tool for predicting skeletal growth potential with high accuracy and reproducibility. Integrating AI into orthodontic diagnostics could enhance decision-making and treatment planning. Further studies with standardized datasets and validation across diverse populations are necessary to optimize AI performance and clinical applicability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 6","pages":"Pages 406-407"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145705659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.095
Qiuying Li , Kai Yang
Background
Attachments serve as crucial auxiliary devices in clear aligner therapy. Surface wear of attachments may affect the anchorage control and the treatment outcome. The effects of attachment wear on tooth movements are still unclear.
Objectives
This study aimed to explore the effects of surface wear of attachments on maxillary canine rotation with clear aligners through finite element analysis.
Methods
Finite element models of maxillary canine rotation with clear aligners were constructed. Two groups of attachments (vertical rectangular attachment and optimized rotating attachment) and five working conditions representing different degrees of attachment wear (M0, M2, M4, M6, M8) were designed for canine rotation. The rotation degree of canine and equivalent stress in the periodontal ligament were analyzed.
Results
By M8, the rotation degree of the canine, the equivalent stress values in the periodontal ligaments in the rectangular attachment group decreased by 32.35%, 68.20%, respectively, compared to M0. In the optimized rotating attachment group, these values decreased by 18.62%, 31.30%, respectively. The greatest reduction in canine rotation degree and stress values was observed between M2-M4 in the rectangular attachment group, and the rotation efficiency of canine decreased to less than 50% from M4. In the optimized rotating attachment group, the canine rotation degree and stress values decreased most in M6-M8, and the efficiency of canine rotation decreased to less than 50% at M8.
Conclusions
Attachment wear led to a reduction in the efficiency of canine rotation. Considering the effect of attachment wear, the optimized rotating attachment is recommended for canine rotation. Once optimized rotating attachments have been in place for more than 6 months and maxillary canine rotation is still required, orthodontists should monitor the wear of these attachments. If necessary, timely restoration or rebonding of the attachments is recommended.
{"title":"91 - Effects of surface wear of attachments on maxillary canine rotation with clear aligners","authors":"Qiuying Li , Kai Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.095","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Attachments serve as crucial auxiliary devices in clear aligner therapy. Surface wear of attachments may affect the anchorage control and the treatment outcome. The effects of attachment wear on tooth movements are still unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to explore the effects of surface wear of attachments on maxillary canine rotation with clear aligners through finite element analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Finite element models of maxillary canine rotation with clear aligners were constructed. Two groups of attachments (vertical rectangular attachment and optimized rotating attachment) and five working conditions representing different degrees of attachment wear (M0, M2, M4, M6, M8) were designed for canine rotation. The rotation degree of canine and equivalent stress in the periodontal ligament were analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>By M8, the rotation degree of the canine, the equivalent stress values in the periodontal ligaments in the rectangular attachment group decreased by 32.35%, 68.20%, respectively, compared to M0. In the optimized rotating attachment group, these values decreased by 18.62%, 31.30%, respectively. The greatest reduction in canine rotation degree and stress values was observed between M2-M4 in the rectangular attachment group, and the rotation efficiency of canine decreased to less than 50% from M4. In the optimized rotating attachment group, the canine rotation degree and stress values decreased most in M6-M8, and the efficiency of canine rotation decreased to less than 50% at M8.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Attachment wear led to a reduction in the efficiency of canine rotation. Considering the effect of attachment wear, the optimized rotating attachment is recommended for canine rotation. Once optimized rotating attachments have been in place for more than 6 months and maxillary canine rotation is still required, orthodontists should monitor the wear of these attachments. If necessary, timely restoration or rebonding of the attachments is recommended.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 6","pages":"Pages 429-430"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145705716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号