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Transgrediendo el canon. Emergencia del movimiento literario maya en la crítica literaria 违反正典。玛雅文学运动在文学批评中的出现
IF 0.2 Q4 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-04-21 DOI: 10.19130/iifl.ecm/61.002x4856001sm00
José Ovidio Alejos García
La emergencia de escritores mayas, que irrumpen con una literatura original, novedosa y de un espíritu transgresor, ocurre en el actual contexto político mundial del reconocimiento de derechos culturales y de reivindicaciones de los pueblos originarios. Este movimiento ha despertado un creciente interés entre diversos públicos, entre ellos los críticos literarios ocupan un lugar especial, analistas que en buena medida han buscado dar cuenta de esa emergencia y ubicarla como una categoría particular al interior de la esfera literaria nacional o regional. El planteamiento de este artículo es que, a contracorriente de la visión asimilacionista presente entre aquellos especialistas, mediante su producción literaria los escritores mayas participan de un movimiento artístico indígena más amplio, orientado no a encontrar un lugar en la literatura nacional, sino a cuestionar el canon literario hegemónico, a redefinir el canon mismo.
玛雅作家的出现,他们带着原创的、新颖的文学和越界精神,发生在当前承认土著人民文化权利和要求的全球政治背景下。这一运动引起了不同观众越来越多的兴趣,其中文学评论家占据了一个特殊的位置,分析人士在很大程度上试图解释这一出现,并将其作为国家或地区文学领域的一个特殊类别。本文的方法是,逆流虚幻同化本之间那些专家,通过生产文学作家玛雅土著艺术运动的参与更广泛,不找一个地方国家文学,而是质疑最高文学经典,经典的重新界定自己。
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引用次数: 0
Lynneth S. Lowe y Adam T. Sellen, Documentos del Museo Yucateco, 1870-1885. Mérida: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 2019, 230 pp. ISBN 9786073024457. Lynneth S.Lowe和Adam T.Sellen,Yucateco博物馆文件,1870-1885年。梅里达:墨西哥国立汽车大学,2019年,230页。ISBN 9786073024457。
IF 0.2 Q4 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-04-21 DOI: 10.19130/iifl.ecm/61.002x4856001sm01
María Fernanda Valencia Suárez
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引用次数: 0
Desplazamientos, integraciones y resistencias del pueblo maya chuj en el sur de México 墨西哥南部玛雅Chuj人的流离失所、融合和抵抗
IF 0.2 Q4 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-09-07 DOI: 10.19130/iifl.ecm.60.23x00s709
Fabiola Manyari López Bracamonte
The Chuj people is a Mayan people with presence in Mexico and Guatemala, their contemporary history integrates different affronts to their cultural life and constant usurpations of their rights and territories. As a survival strategy, they have needed to move and integrate into hostile and adverse contexts as a means of physical and psychological resistance. Based on the historical reconstruction and collective memory of Chuj members, this article reconstructs and analyzes political, social and cultural components imbricated in three different historical moments in the southern Mexican border, with the objective of understanding and making visible the trajectory of the Chuj people in Mexico, their stories of resistance, reconstruction and hope in the face of multiple physical and epistemological displacements.
楚吉人是一个在墨西哥和危地马拉都有存在的玛雅人,他们的当代历史融合了对他们文化生活的不同冒犯以及对他们权利和领土的不断篡夺。作为一种生存策略,他们需要移动并融入敌对和不利的环境,作为身体和心理抵抗的手段。基于楚伊人的历史重建和集体记忆,本文重建并分析了墨西哥南部边境三个不同历史时刻所叠加的政治、社会和文化成分,目的是了解和展示墨西哥楚伊人在墨西哥的轨迹、他们的抵抗故事、,面对多重物理和认识论的位移,重建和希望。
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引用次数: 0
La Crónica Matichu: reconstrucción de su stemma y posible restauración del texto Matichu编年史:重建其系统和可能的文本修复
IF 0.2 Q4 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-09-07 DOI: 10.19130/iifl.ecm.60.23x00s707
Fernando Javier Aguilar Canto
The First Chronicle Matichu is a historical account (kahlay or k’aajlay) found in parallel in the Chilam Balam de Chumayel, Chilam Balam de Tizimín and Codex Pérez books narrating events from the Postclassic (or even earlier) and early colonial periods. Despite its importance, several reasons (including the fact that it is a product of successive copies) have diminished its credibility as a primary historical source for the last phase of the pre-Hispanic period in the northern Yucatán peninsula. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out a possible reconstruction of the textual history of the chronicle as a phase prior to the restoration of the original text. Proceeding in this way, it was possible to draw a stemma of the textual history of the Matichu Chronicle, which affirms the existence of an Ω archetype, dated in the first half of the seventeenth century, and a α subarchetype, ancestor of the versions of Tizimín and Pérez, confirming the suggestions made by the literature. It was also possible to find a reconstruction of Ω using the Maasian method. This reconstruction has important properties, such as semantic, chronological, and syntactic coherence, which provides strong evidence of its plausibility.
《第一编年史》(First Chronicle Matichu)是一部历史记述(kahlay或k'aajlay),与之平行出现在Chilam Balam de Chumayel、Chilam Baram de Tizimín和Codex Pérez的书中,讲述了后古典主义(甚至更早)和早期殖民时期的事件。尽管它很重要,但有几个原因(包括它是连续复制品的产物)削弱了它作为尤卡坦半岛北部前西班牙裔时期最后阶段的主要历史来源的可信度。因此,有必要对编年史的文本历史进行可能的重建,将其作为恢复原文之前的一个阶段。以这种方式进行,有可能绘制出《玛蒂楚编年史》文本史的主干,该主干确认了17世纪上半叶Ω原型和蒂齐明和佩雷斯版本的祖先α亚原型的存在,证实了文献中的建议。还可以使用马斯法找到Ω的重建。这种重建具有重要的特性,如语义、时间和句法连贯性,这为其合理性提供了有力的证据。
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引用次数: 0
Prácticas rituales mayas durante el periodo Preclásico en el Complejo Grazia, Yaxnohcah, Campeche Grazia、Yaxnohcah、Campeche综合体前古典时期的玛雅仪式实践
IF 0.2 Q4 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-09-07 DOI: 10.19130/iifl.ecm.60.23x00s702
Verónica Amellali Vázquez López, Kathyrn Reese-Taylor, Debra S. Walker, Mikaela Radford, Jessica Shaw, Armando Anaya Hernández
During the Middle (1000–400 BC) and Late (400 BC–AD 200) Preclassic periods, Yaxnohcah was an extensive settlement containing more than 15 civic-ceremonial complexes spread over 40 km2. Our research focuses on one of the principal peri-urban nodes known as the Grazia Complex, which consists of a monumental platform featuring a triadic group, a ballcourt, and other minor structures. Excavations revealed several construction phases, as well as the remains of repetitive ritual activities. A hearth associated with an altar and a cache deposit with a triadic layout was uncovered on the platform in front of the triadic group. This deposit and its location represent one of the earliest and clearest examples of the conceptual equivalence of household hearths and three stone places in the Maya lowlands. It provides explicit evidence for the replication of household ritual associated with cooking hearths to the public ritual analog, feeding the gods, a religious ideology intimately related to the emergence of kings. Below the Late Preclassic triadic hearth, we identified an earlier altar, and below that, a much earlier Middle Preclassic hearth that probably preceded construction of the triadic group. These ritual contexts evidence the antiquity of community ritual practices at Grazia that involve repetitive ritual burning associated with placemaking activities. Here, we focus on ritual practices as vehicles to construct social relations within the local community, and their implications for the urban landscape at Yaxnohcah.
在前古典时期中期(公元前1000-400年)和晚期(公元前400年-公元200年),Yaxnohcah是一个广泛的定居点,包含超过15个公民仪式建筑群,分布在40平方公里以上。我们的研究重点是一个主要的城市周边节点,被称为Grazia综合体,它由一个具有三合一组的纪念性平台,一个球场和其他小型结构组成。挖掘揭示了几个施工阶段,以及重复仪式活动的遗迹。在三位一体群前面的平台上发现了一个与祭坛和三位一体布局的贮藏物相关联的壁炉。这个沉积物和它的位置代表了最早和最清晰的例子之一,说明了玛雅低地的家庭壁炉和三个石头地方的概念等同。它提供了明确的证据,证明了将家庭仪式与灶台烹饪相关联,复制到公共仪式模拟中,喂养神灵,这是一种与国王出现密切相关的宗教意识形态。在晚前古典时期的三合一壁炉下面,我们发现了一个更早的祭坛,在它下面,一个更早的中前古典时期的壁炉,可能早于三合一壁炉群的建造。这些仪式背景证明了格拉齐亚社区仪式的古老,其中包括与场所创造活动相关的重复仪式燃烧。在这里,我们关注仪式实践作为在当地社区中构建社会关系的工具,以及它们对Yaxnohcah城市景观的影响。
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引用次数: 0
La representación alfabética de las voces mayas yucatecas durante la Colonia 殖民时期尤卡坦玛雅人声音的字母表示
IF 0.2 Q4 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-09-07 DOI: 10.19130/iifl.ecm.60.23x00s706
Beatriz Arias Álvarez
This paper analyzes the spellings used in two vocabularies and three colonial Mayan grammars. The objective is to see if the missionaries were able to distinguish the Mayan sounds and if their representation is systematic. In order to achieve our objective, we have analyzed the vowel subsystem and its difficulties, as well as the consonant subsystem. We have been able to notice that vowel representation is difficult due to features such as pitch, while consonants are easier to identify. However, we have not recorded systematicity in the representation of either vowels (since the simple vowel can represent any type) or consonants, the latter using different representations for the sounds: digraphs , geminates, simple spellings ; moreover, it is difficult to explain the use of the spelling or for the Mayan alveolar fricative sound. Finally, we have been able to observe that in the representation we use spellings proper to the Latin alphabet and some used for the Spanish sounds and of the Sixteenth Century, in addition to the graphic innovation , which may have its origin in the Hebrew alephate and is also found in Mateo Alemán’s Orthography (1609).
本文分析了两个词汇和三个殖民时期玛雅语语法的拼写。目的是看看传教士是否能够区分玛雅人的声音,以及他们的表现是否有系统。为了达到我们的目的,我们分析了元音分系统及其难点,以及辅音分系统。我们已经注意到,由于音高等特征,元音的表达很困难,而辅音则更容易识别。然而,我们在元音(因为简单元音可以表示任何类型)或辅音的表示中都没有记录系统,后者使用不同的声音表示:有向音,双音,简单拼写;此外,很难解释拼写或玛雅人的牙槽摩擦音的使用。最后,我们已经能够观察到,在表示中,我们使用了适合于拉丁字母的拼写,以及一些用于西班牙语发音和16世纪的拼写,除了图形创新之外,它可能起源于希伯来字母,也可以在Mateo Alemán的正字法(1609)中找到。
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引用次数: 0
La Estela 87 de Tak’alik Ab’aj: ensayo de un estudio colaborativo Tak 'alik Ab 'aj的石碑87:一项合作研究的论文
IF 0.2 Q4 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-09-07 DOI: 10.19130/iifl.ecm.60.23x00s701
Christa Schieber de Lavarreda, Miguel Orrego Corzo, N. Grube, Albert Davletshin, David F. Mora-Marín, Sven Gronemeyer, C. Prager, Elisabeth Wagner, A. Garay, Oswaldo Chinchilla, Federico Fahsen
The discovery of Stela 87 in situ in a secondary context, as a reused element of sacralization in a possibly royal residence from the Early Classic, allows us to locate the time of the original function as a stela in the Late Preclassic. It is in the Late Preclassic that the image and the text with 4 glyphic signs allude to the ruler represented there. It is in the early part of the Late Preclassic that stelae at Tak’alik Ab’aj and other early cities represent their rulers, still without a long count date. This was implemented in the second part of the Late Preclassic, of which a good example is Stela 5 (126 ad). For this reason, the iconography and writing of Estela 87 adds another exponent and opportunity, particularly for the Pacific Coast region, to the study of the still small universe of early texts, and more precisely, of the first part of the Late Preclassic (100 BC-50 ad) (Schieber de Lavarreda, 2020a). It is this opportunity that motivated the present collaborative study.
在次要背景下原位发现的87石碑,作为早期经典中可能的皇家住宅中的神圣化元素,使我们能够定位前古典主义晚期作为石碑的原始功能的时间。正是在前古典主义晚期,带有4个字形符号的图像和文本暗示了那里所代表的统治者。正是在前古典主义晚期的早期,Tak’alik Ab’aj和其他早期城市的石碑代表了他们的统治者,但仍然没有很长的计数日期。这是在前古典主义晚期的第二部分中实现的,其中一个很好的例子是Stela 5(公元126年)。因此,Estela 87的图像学和写作为研究早期文本的仍然很小的宇宙,更准确地说,为研究前古典主义晚期(公元前100年至公元50年)的第一部分(Schieber de Lavareda,2020a)增添了另一个指数和机会,尤其是对太平洋海岸地区来说。正是这个机会推动了本次合作研究。
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引用次数: 0
Usos de la voz “maya” y reivindicación identitaria en una carta inédita en lengua maya yucateca del siglo XVI “玛雅”声音的使用和16世纪尤卡特玛雅语未出版的一封信中的身份证明
IF 0.2 Q4 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-09-07 DOI: 10.19130/iifl.ecm.60.23x00s705
C. Cunill
At the beginning of the 1580s, some Maya caciques of Yucatan sent to King Philip II a letter asking him the future bishop of the province to be Franciscan and a group of religious from the same Order to be sent to the peninsula in order to consolidate the evangelization of Native people. The letter was written in Yucatec maya and was translated into Castilian by the interpreter Juan Ruiz de la Vega. The record, which remains unpublished until today, completes the restricted corpus of sixteenth century texts written in Yucatec maya and, for that same reason, it has an exceptional historical value. The present article offers a linguistic and philological analysis of both the maya text and its translation. It aims at highlighting that the term “maya” was used in the letter to emphasize the native linguistic and cultural identity. We also demonstrate that the interpreter intended to minimize the expression of this revendication in its translation.
16世纪80年代初,尤卡坦半岛的一些玛雅酋长给国王菲利普二世写了一封信,要求他任命方济各会士为该省未来的主教,并从同一修会派一群宗教人士前往半岛,以巩固对当地人的福音传播。这封信是用尤卡泰克玛雅语写的,由翻译胡安·鲁伊斯·德拉维加翻译成卡斯蒂利亚语。这份直到今天仍未出版的记录,完成了用尤加特玛雅语写的16世纪文本的有限语料库,出于同样的原因,它具有特殊的历史价值。本文提供了玛雅文本及其翻译的语言学和文献学分析。它的目的是强调在信中使用“玛雅人”一词是为了强调土著语言和文化身份。我们还证明,译员在翻译中有意尽量减少这种报复的表达。
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引用次数: 0
William Joseph Folan Higgins (1931-2022) 威廉·约瑟夫·福兰·希金斯(1931-2022)
IF 0.2 Q4 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-09-07 DOI: 10.19130/iifl.ecm.60.23x00s712
M. R. Dominguez Carrasco
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引用次数: 0
De la persuasión evangélica a la compulsión inquisitorial. Reflexiones historiográficas e históricas sobre la biografía de fray Diego de Landa 从福音派的说服到宗教裁判所的强迫。对迭戈·德·兰达修士传记的历史和历史反思
IF 0.2 Q4 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-09-07 DOI: 10.19130/iifl.ecm.60.23x00s708
María del Carmen León Cázares
The objective of the present study is to invite the reader to accomplish a reflection reasoned on the acting of the most controversial character of the history of the evangelization of the peninsular Mayas of the century XVI, with the aim of understanding the decisions and the responsibilities he assumed, within the circumstances than, due his condition, was compelled to face.
本研究的目的是邀请读者对十六世纪玛雅半岛传福音史上最具争议性的人物的行为进行反思,以了解他在因其状况而被迫面对的情况下所做出的决定和承担的责任。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Estudios de Cultura Maya
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