Pub Date : 2022-02-07DOI: 10.19130/iifl.ecm.59.22x875
P. Sullivan
On two pages of the Maya hieroglyphic manuscript known as the Madrid Codex are found vestiges of European paper. Visible on one of those fragments are handwritten words in Latin and Spanish. Scholars first proposed that the European paper had been incorporated into the substrate of the Maya codex during manufacture, and that the codex was a post-conquest creation. A re-analysis of the codex has shown, however, that the European paper became adhered to the codex after it was manufactured and painted. Another study has argued that it is a fragment of a Bull of the Santa Cruzada and that its presence helps to identify the approximate year and place when the Maya codex fell into the hands of Spanish friars. This article will show that argument is incorrect and that the European writing found in the Madrid Codex does not clarify the provenience of this important document.
{"title":"Una reconsideración de la procedencia del Códice Madrid","authors":"P. Sullivan","doi":"10.19130/iifl.ecm.59.22x875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19130/iifl.ecm.59.22x875","url":null,"abstract":"On two pages of the Maya hieroglyphic manuscript known as the Madrid Codex are found vestiges of European paper. Visible on one of those fragments are handwritten words in Latin and Spanish. Scholars first proposed that the European paper had been incorporated into the substrate of the Maya codex during manufacture, and that the codex was a post-conquest creation. A re-analysis of the codex has shown, however, that the European paper became adhered to the codex after it was manufactured and painted. Another study has argued that it is a fragment of a Bull of the Santa Cruzada and that its presence helps to identify the approximate year and place when the Maya codex fell into the hands of Spanish friars. This article will show that argument is incorrect and that the European writing found in the Madrid Codex does not clarify the provenience of this important document.","PeriodicalId":43489,"journal":{"name":"Estudios de Cultura Maya","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43670792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-07DOI: 10.19130/iifl.ecm.59.22x872
Paul Graf
The Maya vernacular house of the pre-Columbian era has been little studied so far and new methodological approaches are needed to reconstruct its architectural and material characteristics. Particularly for the roof, there is a lack of any studies that would verify the speculative descriptions in the literature. Using a multi-perspective approach that includes ecological, paleoecological, archaeological, ethnohistorical, ethnobotanical and ethnolinguistic perspectives, this article aims to evaluate the palm species of the genus Sabal, known as the guano palm or xa'an, as the most important resource for roof construction in the Maya lowlands. Based on data from my own geoethnobotanical and ethnoarchaeological field work, paleoecological data from drilling cores and research results from other studies, it is demonstrated that a forest species of the genus Sabal was probably the primary thatching material for the Classic population of the central Maya lowlands.
{"title":"Evaluación multiperspectiva de las palmas de Sabal y otras plantas posiblemente utilizadas como material para techos por los antiguos mayas en las tierras bajas centrales","authors":"Paul Graf","doi":"10.19130/iifl.ecm.59.22x872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19130/iifl.ecm.59.22x872","url":null,"abstract":"The Maya vernacular house of the pre-Columbian era has been little studied so far and new methodological approaches are needed to reconstruct its architectural and material characteristics. Particularly for the roof, there is a lack of any studies that would verify the speculative descriptions in the literature. Using a multi-perspective approach that includes ecological, paleoecological, archaeological, ethnohistorical, ethnobotanical and ethnolinguistic perspectives, this article aims to evaluate the palm species of the genus Sabal, known as the guano palm or xa'an, as the most important resource for roof construction in the Maya lowlands. Based on data from my own geoethnobotanical and ethnoarchaeological field work, paleoecological data from drilling cores and research results from other studies, it is demonstrated that a forest species of the genus Sabal was probably the primary thatching material for the Classic population of the central Maya lowlands.","PeriodicalId":43489,"journal":{"name":"Estudios de Cultura Maya","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41262147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-07DOI: 10.19130/iifl.ecm.59.22x877
Elma Beatriz Heredia Campos, Diana del Rosario Cahuich Campos, Olga Silvia Terán y Contreras, Ramón Mariaca Méndez
The objective of this work is to identify the rituals related for the protection of domestic animals raised on the Mayan “solares” of Yaxcabá and Yaxunah, Yucatán, Mexico. On the “solar” are especially raised domestic animals (chickens, turkeys and pigs), which are an important element for peasant families, because they are part of economy, their daily food, in the festivities, ceremonies and rituals to give continuity to family and communal life. Our results show that the Catholic families of Yaxcabá an Yaxunah continue to perform ceremonies such as k’eex loj, the loj, the jets’ lu’um and primicia de saka’ (sacred corn drink), the purpose of these ceremonies is to ask permission and to thank the “owners” of nature for the use that is made of the resources, which favors a relationship of balance with them, in this way the “Owners” will take care of entire “solar” and the inhabitants of this space, the family members and the animals raised are safeguarded from the “malos vientos” or k'as k'aas íik', causing disease and calamities. This study highlights the vision of the world that persists in the peninsular Mayan communities, biocultural knowledge and practices are preserved that show the ways of relating to nature. The knowledge about the rituals of the owners of the site and a ritual specialist, called a spiritualist, is analyzed.
这项工作的目的是确定与保护在墨西哥尤卡坦Yaxcabá和Yaxunah的玛雅“solares”饲养的家畜有关的仪式。在“太阳能”上，特别是饲养的家畜（鸡、火鸡和猪），这是农民家庭的一个重要元素，因为它们是经济的一部分，是他们的日常食物，是庆祝活动、仪式和仪式的一部分。我们的研究结果表明，Yaxcabáan Yaxunah的天主教家庭继续举行仪式，如k'eex loj、loj、jets‘lu'um和primicia de saka（神圣的玉米饮料），这些仪式的目的是请求许可，并感谢自然的“所有者”对资源的利用，这有利于与他们建立平衡关系，通过这种方式，“所有者”将照顾整个“太阳能”，这个空间的居民、家庭成员和饲养的动物都受到保护，免受“malos vientos”或“k’as k’asíik”的伤害，从而引发疾病和灾难。这项研究强调了半岛玛雅社区中存在的世界愿景，生物文化知识和实践得到了保留，显示了与自然联系的方式。对网站所有者和一位被称为通灵主义者的仪式专家的仪式知识进行了分析。
{"title":"Rituales para la protección de animales domésticos en los solares de Yaxcabá y Yaxunah, Yucatán, México","authors":"Elma Beatriz Heredia Campos, Diana del Rosario Cahuich Campos, Olga Silvia Terán y Contreras, Ramón Mariaca Méndez","doi":"10.19130/iifl.ecm.59.22x877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19130/iifl.ecm.59.22x877","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this work is to identify the rituals related for the protection of domestic animals raised on the Mayan “solares” of Yaxcabá and Yaxunah, Yucatán, Mexico. On the “solar” are especially raised domestic animals (chickens, turkeys and pigs), which are an important element for peasant families, because they are part of economy, their daily food, in the festivities, ceremonies and rituals to give continuity to family and communal life. Our results show that the Catholic families of Yaxcabá an Yaxunah continue to perform ceremonies such as k’eex loj, the loj, the jets’ lu’um and primicia de saka’ (sacred corn drink), the purpose of these ceremonies is to ask permission and to thank the “owners” of nature for the use that is made of the resources, which favors a relationship of balance with them, in this way the “Owners” will take care of entire “solar” and the inhabitants of this space, the family members and the animals raised are safeguarded from the “malos vientos” or k'as k'aas íik', causing disease and calamities. This study highlights the vision of the world that persists in the peninsular Mayan communities, biocultural knowledge and practices are preserved that show the ways of relating to nature. The knowledge about the rituals of the owners of the site and a ritual specialist, called a spiritualist, is analyzed.","PeriodicalId":43489,"journal":{"name":"Estudios de Cultura Maya","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46487877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-27DOI: 10.19130/IIFL.ECM.2021.58.1135
J. A. García
{"title":"Wolfgang Gabbert, Violence and the Caste War of Yucatán, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2019, 342 pp. ISBN 978-1-108-49174-7.","authors":"J. A. García","doi":"10.19130/IIFL.ECM.2021.58.1135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19130/IIFL.ECM.2021.58.1135","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43489,"journal":{"name":"Estudios de Cultura Maya","volume":"58 1","pages":"339-342"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42569190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-27DOI: 10.19130/iifl.ecm.2021.58.23865
María de Guadalupe Suárez Castro
In this paper, we study the administration of the community goods of yucatec towns during colonial period and we analyze the “Matricula y cuenta de comunidad de los indios de la cabecera y pueblo de Izamal de 1795”, document located in the Archivo General de la Nacion of Mexico. “The Matricula y cuenta” is along with Buczotz and Pixila (previous documents in the same record), the only ones of its kind that we had been found for the yucatec towns of the eighteenth century. With this work, we contribute to increase the researches of this topic, and we corroborate the general interpretations proposed about the administration of those gods; also, we present the particularities of Izamal “community found” and we understand the ties of community identity of this town during this period.
本文研究了殖民时期尤卡提克城镇的社区物品管理，并分析了墨西哥国家档案馆收藏的《1795年尤卡提克城镇社区物品管理手册》。“matrica y cuenta”与Buczotz和Pixila(同一记录的先前文件)一起，是我们在18世纪的尤卡坦克城镇中发现的唯一的此类文件。通过这项工作，我们有助于增加这一主题的研究，我们证实了关于这些神的管理的一般解释;同时，我们展示了伊扎迈勒“社区发现”的特殊性，并了解了这个城镇在这一时期的社区认同的联系。
{"title":"Los bienes de comunidad en Yucatán al final del siglo XVIII: el caso de Izamal","authors":"María de Guadalupe Suárez Castro","doi":"10.19130/iifl.ecm.2021.58.23865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19130/iifl.ecm.2021.58.23865","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we study the administration of the community goods of yucatec towns during colonial period and we analyze the “Matricula y cuenta de comunidad de los indios de la cabecera y pueblo de Izamal de 1795”, document located in the Archivo General de la Nacion of Mexico. “The Matricula y cuenta” is along with Buczotz and Pixila (previous documents in the same record), the only ones of its kind that we had been found for the yucatec towns of the eighteenth century. With this work, we contribute to increase the researches of this topic, and we corroborate the general interpretations proposed about the administration of those gods; also, we present the particularities of Izamal “community found” and we understand the ties of community identity of this town during this period.","PeriodicalId":43489,"journal":{"name":"Estudios de Cultura Maya","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42672350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-27DOI: 10.19130/iifl.ecm.2021.58.23871
Javier López Camacho
{"title":"Ivan Šprajc, Lost Maya Cities: Archaeological Quests in the Mexican Jungle. Texas A&M University Press, College Station, 2020, 317 pp. ISBN 781623498214.","authors":"Javier López Camacho","doi":"10.19130/iifl.ecm.2021.58.23871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19130/iifl.ecm.2021.58.23871","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43489,"journal":{"name":"Estudios de Cultura Maya","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49425984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-27DOI: 10.19130/IIFL.ECM.2021.58.1107
Andrés Ciudad Ruíz, Carlos Miguel Varela Scherrer
The collective ceremonies, whether of a community or family nature, were hierarchical in the societies of the Mayan Lowlands of the Classic period, and were designed within the framework of a wide range of purposes; so its footprint in the archaeological record also presents a high degree of variation. Many of these rituals culminated in the celebration of festivals and meals that, on rare occasions, reveal a similar "archaeological physiognomy" and make it difficult to interpret their nature. In this essay we analyze a ritual deposit excavated behind the J3 Structure of Group IV of Palenque, an elite residential space occupied by one of the most distinguished noble lineages of the city, as well as the collective ingestion of foods and beverages by its officiants and assistants.
{"title":"Fiesta y ritual en el Grupo IV de Palenque","authors":"Andrés Ciudad Ruíz, Carlos Miguel Varela Scherrer","doi":"10.19130/IIFL.ECM.2021.58.1107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19130/IIFL.ECM.2021.58.1107","url":null,"abstract":"The collective ceremonies, whether of a community or family nature, were hierarchical in the societies of the Mayan Lowlands of the Classic period, and were designed within the framework of a wide range of purposes; so its footprint in the archaeological record also presents a high degree of variation. Many of these rituals culminated in the celebration of festivals and meals that, on rare occasions, reveal a similar \"archaeological physiognomy\" and make it difficult to interpret their nature. In this essay we analyze a ritual deposit excavated behind the J3 Structure of Group IV of Palenque, an elite residential space occupied by one of the most distinguished noble lineages of the city, as well as the collective ingestion of foods and beverages by its officiants and assistants.","PeriodicalId":43489,"journal":{"name":"Estudios de Cultura Maya","volume":"58 1","pages":"11-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42285566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-27DOI: 10.19130/IIFL.ECM.2021.58.1082
Víctor Hugo Rosero Arcos
En anos recientes, la poblacion indigena de Mexico accede en mayor numero a los estudios superiores. Desde una perspectiva analitica sobre las desigualdades sociales, en este articulo se abordan las trayectorias educativas de jovenes mayas o de origen maya que han llegado a la universidad en Yucatan. Se muestra como un restringido acceso a la estructura de oportunidades en funcion del origen social y un entorno escolar precario, se traduce en perpetuar la condicion educativa desventajosa hasta el nivel universitario. No obstante, tambien se identifica que en estos entornos deficitarios, la interaccion con agentes sociales es un factor clave para propiciar un cambio de rumbo hacia contextos educativos mas favorables. Se identifica tambien un sector privilegiado de jovenes provenientes de familias que transitaron por procesos de movilidad social, que hace de sus trayectorias educativas un camino mas estable y con menos obstaculos.
{"title":"Jóvenes mayas o de origen maya hacia la universidad: desigualdades, agencia y movilidad social","authors":"Víctor Hugo Rosero Arcos","doi":"10.19130/IIFL.ECM.2021.58.1082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19130/IIFL.ECM.2021.58.1082","url":null,"abstract":"En anos recientes, la poblacion indigena de Mexico accede en mayor numero a los estudios superiores. Desde una perspectiva analitica sobre las desigualdades sociales, en este articulo se abordan las trayectorias educativas de jovenes mayas o de origen maya que han llegado a la universidad en Yucatan. Se muestra como un restringido acceso a la estructura de oportunidades en funcion del origen social y un entorno escolar precario, se traduce en perpetuar la condicion educativa desventajosa hasta el nivel universitario. No obstante, tambien se identifica que en estos entornos deficitarios, la interaccion con agentes sociales es un factor clave para propiciar un cambio de rumbo hacia contextos educativos mas favorables. Se identifica tambien un sector privilegiado de jovenes provenientes de familias que transitaron por procesos de movilidad social, que hace de sus trayectorias educativas un camino mas estable y con menos obstaculos.","PeriodicalId":43489,"journal":{"name":"Estudios de Cultura Maya","volume":"58 1","pages":"237-270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42079740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-27DOI: 10.19130/iifl.ecm.2021.58.23869
Allan Ortega Muñoz
The Morocoy Community Museum (Quintana Roo, Mexico) is a cultural spot since 2015. The goal of this paper is to develop a visitor’s study, analyzing its function as a means of cultural and educational socialization through the record book and its written mentions about the museum, from January 2019 to January 2020, with 306 individual registers including sex, place of origin and opinions. Crosstab tabulations, hypothesis tests, and logistic regression were performed to compare the characteristics of the visitors categorized by sex, procedence, and five categories of opinions. The main results have shown that locals see the museum as an important space for the knowledge of their historical and cultural heritage, meanwhile foreigners have shown more interest about museum exhibition, and the documentation presented there. There is not a statistical difference in the assistance between sexes. The final reflection is about the importance to develop an institutional policy, from the Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, to support the logistic of creation of these kind of museums, in view of the interest to create them along the route of the Maya Train system.
莫罗科伊社区博物馆(墨西哥金塔纳罗奥)自2015年以来一直是一个文化景点。本文的目标是发展参观者的研究，通过记录本及其对博物馆的书面提及，分析其作为文化和教育社会化手段的功能，从2019年1月到2020年1月，有306个个人登记，包括性别，原籍地和意见。交叉表表，假设检验和逻辑回归进行比较按性别，程序和五类意见分类的访客的特征。主要结果显示，当地人将博物馆视为了解其历史和文化遗产的重要空间，同时外国人对博物馆展览和在那里展示的文件更感兴趣。性别之间的援助没有统计上的差异。最后的反思是关于制定一项制度政策的重要性，从国家历史研究所Antropología e Historia，考虑到沿着玛雅火车系统的路线创建这些博物馆的兴趣，以支持创建这些博物馆的后勤。
{"title":"Museo Comunitario de Morocoy: su importancia como lugar de sociabilidad cultural para la comunidad y para el turista","authors":"Allan Ortega Muñoz","doi":"10.19130/iifl.ecm.2021.58.23869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19130/iifl.ecm.2021.58.23869","url":null,"abstract":"The Morocoy Community Museum (Quintana Roo, Mexico) is a cultural spot since 2015. The goal of this paper is to develop a visitor’s study, analyzing its function as a means of cultural and educational socialization through the record book and its written mentions about the museum, from January 2019 to January 2020, with 306 individual registers including sex, place of origin and opinions. Crosstab tabulations, hypothesis tests, and logistic regression were performed to compare the characteristics of the visitors categorized by sex, procedence, and five categories of opinions. The main results have shown that locals see the museum as an important space for the knowledge of their historical and cultural heritage, meanwhile foreigners have shown more interest about museum exhibition, and the documentation presented there. There is not a statistical difference in the assistance between sexes. The final reflection is about the importance to develop an institutional policy, from the Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, to support the logistic of creation of these kind of museums, in view of the interest to create them along the route of the Maya Train system.","PeriodicalId":43489,"journal":{"name":"Estudios de Cultura Maya","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41608451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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