Pub Date : 1988-10-31DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1988.794907
A. Giesecke
The Abandoned Shipwreck Act became law in 1988. As author of the act, and as a resource manager, the author discusses the act. The discussion includes, the purpose of the act, the potential effects of the act, and the current status of state law. To understand the act one must understand the relationship of shipwrecks and historic shipwrecks, in particular, to broad based social, economic and environmental systems. The magic lure of gold and the evolution of state laws in the face of conflicting social values has left a ten year legacy of confusion. The act and the paper should contribute to sorting out the confusion.
{"title":"The abandoned shipwreck act: a context","authors":"A. Giesecke","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1988.794907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1988.794907","url":null,"abstract":"The Abandoned Shipwreck Act became law in 1988. As author of the act, and as a resource manager, the author discusses the act. The discussion includes, the purpose of the act, the potential effects of the act, and the current status of state law. To understand the act one must understand the relationship of shipwrecks and historic shipwrecks, in particular, to broad based social, economic and environmental systems. The magic lure of gold and the evolution of state laws in the face of conflicting social values has left a ten year legacy of confusion. The act and the paper should contribute to sorting out the confusion.","PeriodicalId":435174,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '88. 'A Partnership of Marine Interests'. Proceedings","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123068286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-31DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1988.794825
R. Turner
Replicated experimental marsh ecosystems are established and planned for research and management of coastal Louisiana wetlands to (1) test management schemes before large scale implementation, and, (2) discriminate between long-term changes and the cumulative impacts of many other alterations. Water level changes are clearly shown to influence plant metabolism, hence ability to of the marsh to withstand sea level rise and geological subsidence. Animal migration/ emigration is influenced as well as sedimentation rates. Soil conditions, especially bulk density and mineral content, influence hydrologic impacts, hence the need for replicated and diverse manipulations.
{"title":"Experimental marsh management in Louisiana","authors":"R. Turner","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1988.794825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1988.794825","url":null,"abstract":"Replicated experimental marsh ecosystems are established and planned for research and management of coastal Louisiana wetlands to (1) test management schemes before large scale implementation, and, (2) discriminate between long-term changes and the cumulative impacts of many other alterations. Water level changes are clearly shown to influence plant metabolism, hence ability to of the marsh to withstand sea level rise and geological subsidence. Animal migration/ emigration is influenced as well as sedimentation rates. Soil conditions, especially bulk density and mineral content, influence hydrologic impacts, hence the need for replicated and diverse manipulations.","PeriodicalId":435174,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '88. 'A Partnership of Marine Interests'. Proceedings","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116744285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-31DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1988.794952
G. Lamb
Even though in 1987 there were only a dozen SWATH craft and ships afloat around the world, word of their markedly superior seakeeping performance is spreading rapidly. This paper reviews the characteristics of existing SWATH craft and ships from the standpoint of the stated seakeeping objective. Hullform differences between four SWATH craft and ships, including the Navy’s SSP KAIMALINO, are analyzed and interpreted. Important considerations for the early stage design of a SWATH ship are discussed. Differences in the range of feasible hullform geometries for coastal areas and unrestricted ocean operations, and for low speed vs. moderately high speed applications, are pointed out.
{"title":"Relationship between seakeeping requirements and swath ship geometry","authors":"G. Lamb","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1988.794952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1988.794952","url":null,"abstract":"Even though in 1987 there were only a dozen SWATH craft and ships afloat around the world, word of their markedly superior seakeeping performance is spreading rapidly. This paper reviews the characteristics of existing SWATH craft and ships from the standpoint of the stated seakeeping objective. Hullform differences between four SWATH craft and ships, including the Navy’s SSP KAIMALINO, are analyzed and interpreted. Important considerations for the early stage design of a SWATH ship are discussed. Differences in the range of feasible hullform geometries for coastal areas and unrestricted ocean operations, and for low speed vs. moderately high speed applications, are pointed out.","PeriodicalId":435174,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '88. 'A Partnership of Marine Interests'. Proceedings","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121041975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-31DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1988.795021
S. Mcdowell, C. Albro, W. Trulli, W. Steinhauer, F. Csulak
With increased public concern for pollution of the marine environment, ocean disposal of manmade wastes has become a topic of growing interest. Under contract to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Battel le Ocean Sciences i s conducting an oceanographic monitoring program at the 106-Mi le Deepwater Municipal Sludge Site to determine the fate and effects of sewage sludge dumped at the site. collect physical oceanographic and chemical data from within sludge plumes to determine rates of plume dilution and the effect on water quality within and around the site. The success of the recent studies has been due to an integration of physical and chemical sampling techniques which allows 1) tracking of sludge plumes for periods up to 1 day, 2) collection of hydrographic and current data to resolve plume advection and dilution, and 3) directed water sampling within the plumes for analyses of trace metals and organic compounds. optimum measurement tool for tracking sludge plumes is an in situ transmissometer interfaced to a CTD profiler and Loran-C navigation system to provide real-time, 3-dimensional information on plume turbidity. Results from these field studies will be presented, and the use o f this measurement capability for other pollution monitoring programs will be discussed. A series of cruises has been conducted to
{"title":"Open techniques for trackingg plumes in the ocean: a case study of sludge plume dispersion at the 106-mile site","authors":"S. Mcdowell, C. Albro, W. Trulli, W. Steinhauer, F. Csulak","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1988.795021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1988.795021","url":null,"abstract":"With increased public concern for pollution of the marine environment, ocean disposal of manmade wastes has become a topic of growing interest. Under contract to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Battel le Ocean Sciences i s conducting an oceanographic monitoring program at the 106-Mi le Deepwater Municipal Sludge Site to determine the fate and effects of sewage sludge dumped at the site. collect physical oceanographic and chemical data from within sludge plumes to determine rates of plume dilution and the effect on water quality within and around the site. The success of the recent studies has been due to an integration of physical and chemical sampling techniques which allows 1) tracking of sludge plumes for periods up to 1 day, 2) collection of hydrographic and current data to resolve plume advection and dilution, and 3) directed water sampling within the plumes for analyses of trace metals and organic compounds. optimum measurement tool for tracking sludge plumes is an in situ transmissometer interfaced to a CTD profiler and Loran-C navigation system to provide real-time, 3-dimensional information on plume turbidity. Results from these field studies will be presented, and the use o f this measurement capability for other pollution monitoring programs will be discussed. A series of cruises has been conducted to","PeriodicalId":435174,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '88. 'A Partnership of Marine Interests'. Proceedings","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121332556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-31DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1988.794836
R. Cooper, I. Babb
NOAA's National Undersea Research Center at the University of Connecticut at Avery Point (NURC-UCAP) has experienced a meteoric rate of growth since its inception in 1984. Chartered submersibles (manned) support the majority of the underwater research conducted by NURC-UCAP scientists in the Gulf of Maine, southern New England, and in the U.S. Great Lakes. The investigations addressed a wide range of applied and basic research topics. For example, assessments were made of: the impact of "ghost gill nets" on ground fish populations, studies of deep sea scallops, the phenomenon of bioerosion on the ocean and ltke floors, the naturenand role of the fluff" and "nepheloid layers in recycling nutrients and pollutants, water column ecology, the environmental factors governing benthic productivity, and calibration and groundtruthing of conventional surface-oriented sampling gear. Much of the research conducted with manned submersibles has evolved to quantitative, replicated,and site specific experiments. Sophisticated sampling, sensing, photographic and manipulative techniques have been developed to address a wide range of s c i en t i f i c The I' i de a 1 'I shallow water (0 1000 meter) manned submersibles for the 1990's and beyond and their associated scientific capabilities are defi ed, based on 18 years of submers ble experience (approximately 1150 dives in the northeast and Great Lakes) and an assessment of scient fic requirements for the northeast and "Large Lakes of the World". re q u i r eme n t s .
美国国家海洋和大气管理局位于艾弗里波因康涅狄格大学的国家海底研究中心(NURC-UCAP)自1984年成立以来，经历了飞速的发展。特许潜水器(载人)支持NURC-UCAP科学家在缅因湾、新英格兰南部和美国五大湖进行的大部分水下研究。调查涉及广泛的应用和基础研究课题。例如，评估的内容包括:“鬼刺网”对地面鱼类种群的影响、深海扇贝的研究、海洋和海底生物侵蚀现象、绒毛层和网羽层在循环养分和污染物中的作用、水柱生态、控制底栖生物生产力的环境因素，以及传统海面取样装置的校准和地面真实性。许多用载人潜水器进行的研究已经演变为定量的、重复的和特定地点的实验。复杂的抽样、遥感、摄影和操纵技术已经被开发来解决广泛的年代我在t f c我”我德1“浅水(0 1000米)载人潜水器1990年及以后的挑战及其相关科学的功能,基于18年的submers ble经验(大约1150潜水在东北和大湖)和评估有技巧的fic要求东北和“大湖的世界”。请回答我的问题。
{"title":"Manned submersibles support a wide range of underwater research in New Enland and the Great Lakes","authors":"R. Cooper, I. Babb","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1988.794836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1988.794836","url":null,"abstract":"NOAA's National Undersea Research Center at the University of Connecticut at Avery Point (NURC-UCAP) has experienced a meteoric rate of growth since its inception in 1984. Chartered submersibles (manned) support the majority of the underwater research conducted by NURC-UCAP scientists in the Gulf of Maine, southern New England, and in the U.S. Great Lakes. The investigations addressed a wide range of applied and basic research topics. For example, assessments were made of: the impact of \"ghost gill nets\" on ground fish populations, studies of deep sea scallops, the phenomenon of bioerosion on the ocean and ltke floors, the naturenand role of the fluff\" and \"nepheloid layers in recycling nutrients and pollutants, water column ecology, the environmental factors governing benthic productivity, and calibration and groundtruthing of conventional surface-oriented sampling gear. Much of the research conducted with manned submersibles has evolved to quantitative, replicated,and site specific experiments. Sophisticated sampling, sensing, photographic and manipulative techniques have been developed to address a wide range of s c i en t i f i c The I' i de a 1 'I shallow water (0 1000 meter) manned submersibles for the 1990's and beyond and their associated scientific capabilities are defi ed, based on 18 years of submers ble experience (approximately 1150 dives in the northeast and Great Lakes) and an assessment of scient fic requirements for the northeast and \"Large Lakes of the World\". re q u i r eme n t s .","PeriodicalId":435174,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '88. 'A Partnership of Marine Interests'. Proceedings","volume":"42 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125916922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-31DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1988.794908
P. Waddell
For eight years (1978 85) the Marine Archaeoy< logy Unit of Environment Canada was involved in the excavation of Spanish Basque whaling vessels in Labrador. During excavation, one of the galleons was completely disassembled. Upon completion of excavation and structural recording, the timbers were systematically reburied on the seabed using a method intended to preserve the timbers. Provision has been made to ensure ongoing monitoring of tiqber degradation. dure, the procedure and the results to date are discussed. The rationale behind the proce-
{"title":"Reburial of a 16th Century Galleon","authors":"P. Waddell","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1988.794908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1988.794908","url":null,"abstract":"For eight years (1978 85) the Marine Archaeoy< logy Unit of Environment Canada was involved in the excavation of Spanish Basque whaling vessels in Labrador. During excavation, one of the galleons was completely disassembled. Upon completion of excavation and structural recording, the timbers were systematically reburied on the seabed using a method intended to preserve the timbers. Provision has been made to ensure ongoing monitoring of tiqber degradation. dure, the procedure and the results to date are discussed. The rationale behind the proce-","PeriodicalId":435174,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '88. 'A Partnership of Marine Interests'. Proceedings","volume":"15 13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126159850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-31DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23533
S. Breeding, D. Lavoie
The authors developed a simple laboratory test procedure to measure the shear modulus of a sediment under controlled loading conditions. A duomorph sensor has been constructed for this purpose. Compressional wave velocity has been measured using compressional wave transducers before and after consolidation to validate the duomorph results. Initial results indicate that the concept is feasible, and continued testing is planned.<>
{"title":"Duomorph sensing for laboratory measurement of shear modulus","authors":"S. Breeding, D. Lavoie","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23533","url":null,"abstract":"The authors developed a simple laboratory test procedure to measure the shear modulus of a sediment under controlled loading conditions. A duomorph sensor has been constructed for this purpose. Compressional wave velocity has been measured using compressional wave transducers before and after consolidation to validate the duomorph results. Initial results indicate that the concept is feasible, and continued testing is planned.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":435174,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '88. 'A Partnership of Marine Interests'. Proceedings","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123227450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-31DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23747
W. Vetter
The author presents expressions for paths and pathtimes of rays in volume cells of the medium for which the sound velocity can be characterized in terms of a point velocity and a constant velocity gradient. Such parametrization permits the use of relatively large cells in the segmentation of the medium, so that the dimensional complexity of the tomographic formulation and inversion is reduced significantly. With a small number of segmentwise ramping vertical velocities, including velocity reversals, the profile parametrization allows the computational determination of arrival point targeted eigenrays from a given source point to a specified arrival point.<>
{"title":"On ray trajectories and pathtimes for acoustic propagation in a medium with velocity gradients","authors":"W. Vetter","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23747","url":null,"abstract":"The author presents expressions for paths and pathtimes of rays in volume cells of the medium for which the sound velocity can be characterized in terms of a point velocity and a constant velocity gradient. Such parametrization permits the use of relatively large cells in the segmentation of the medium, so that the dimensional complexity of the tomographic formulation and inversion is reduced significantly. With a small number of segmentwise ramping vertical velocities, including velocity reversals, the profile parametrization allows the computational determination of arrival point targeted eigenrays from a given source point to a specified arrival point.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":435174,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '88. 'A Partnership of Marine Interests'. Proceedings","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123306118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-31DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1988.795024
B. L. Welsh
{"title":"Hypoxia in Long Island (LIS), summer of 1987","authors":"B. L. Welsh","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1988.795024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1988.795024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":435174,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '88. 'A Partnership of Marine Interests'. Proceedings","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125292236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-31DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23564
G. Steeves, S. Grant
An autonomous low-power device for the precise measurement (+or-0.7 mbar) of atmospheric pressure versus date/time in Arctic conditions (-55 degrees C, 120-km/hr wind) is described. Data are stored using 'burned in silicon' technology. Measurements are made every hour on the hour over a period of 12 months. Static pressure is measured using a special port designed to be insensitive to the effects of wind. Endurance problems associated with a one-year instrument operating in extremely harsh conditions are discussed.<>
{"title":"An autonomous atmospheric pressure recorder for establishing polar sea surface height","authors":"G. Steeves, S. Grant","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23564","url":null,"abstract":"An autonomous low-power device for the precise measurement (+or-0.7 mbar) of atmospheric pressure versus date/time in Arctic conditions (-55 degrees C, 120-km/hr wind) is described. Data are stored using 'burned in silicon' technology. Measurements are made every hour on the hour over a period of 12 months. Static pressure is measured using a special port designed to be insensitive to the effects of wind. Endurance problems associated with a one-year instrument operating in extremely harsh conditions are discussed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":435174,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '88. 'A Partnership of Marine Interests'. Proceedings","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128222060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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