Pub Date : 1988-10-31DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23685
L. Ladner, W. Wilson, P.J. Kries
Faced with limited Coast Guard resources and uncontrollable weather during the winter months. The National Data Buoy Center decided to establish a buoy station in Lake Superior as an experimental 'ice buoy' to report meteorological and oceanographic data year-round. The station was established on November 7, 1985, for long-term evaluation, which was still ongoing. A second ice buoy station was planned for a September 1988 deployment in northern Lake Michigan in order to broaden the scope of the experiment. It is concluded that all experience to date looks promising. In general, the technical considerations involved in year-round operation of large discus buoys on the Great Lakes are well understood as a result of the 'ice buoy' deployments to date.<>
{"title":"Lake Superior winter weather station","authors":"L. Ladner, W. Wilson, P.J. Kries","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23685","url":null,"abstract":"Faced with limited Coast Guard resources and uncontrollable weather during the winter months. The National Data Buoy Center decided to establish a buoy station in Lake Superior as an experimental 'ice buoy' to report meteorological and oceanographic data year-round. The station was established on November 7, 1985, for long-term evaluation, which was still ongoing. A second ice buoy station was planned for a September 1988 deployment in northern Lake Michigan in order to broaden the scope of the experiment. It is concluded that all experience to date looks promising. In general, the technical considerations involved in year-round operation of large discus buoys on the Great Lakes are well understood as a result of the 'ice buoy' deployments to date.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":435174,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '88. 'A Partnership of Marine Interests'. Proceedings","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129350421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-31DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1988.794829
R. Lindsay
Recent advances in the understanding of the healthrelated benefits of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have enhanced the consumer image of fish and seafoods. While future markets for seafoods appear extremely bright, this great potential will be realized only of products with fresh, mild flavors are provided to consumers. New discoveries about the chemical nature of fish flavors have provided important insights into the processes which yield delicate fresh fish and seafood flavors as well as those which are associated with staling and seafood spoilage. This information is needed to guide the development of safe new preservation technologies, such as modified atmosphere packaging of fresh refrigerated fish. spoilage odors is encountered in modified atmosphere packaged fish, and potential hazards arise from botulinal food poisoning in temperatureabused products. Thus, alternate means of detecting handling abuse is a requirement for the introduction of this new technology. of aroma compounds for this and other purposes are discussed in relation to spoilage and fishy flavors. Loss of traditional
{"title":"Flavor chemistry and seafood quality factors","authors":"R. Lindsay","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1988.794829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1988.794829","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advances in the understanding of the healthrelated benefits of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have enhanced the consumer image of fish and seafoods. While future markets for seafoods appear extremely bright, this great potential will be realized only of products with fresh, mild flavors are provided to consumers. New discoveries about the chemical nature of fish flavors have provided important insights into the processes which yield delicate fresh fish and seafood flavors as well as those which are associated with staling and seafood spoilage. This information is needed to guide the development of safe new preservation technologies, such as modified atmosphere packaging of fresh refrigerated fish. spoilage odors is encountered in modified atmosphere packaged fish, and potential hazards arise from botulinal food poisoning in temperatureabused products. Thus, alternate means of detecting handling abuse is a requirement for the introduction of this new technology. of aroma compounds for this and other purposes are discussed in relation to spoilage and fishy flavors. Loss of traditional","PeriodicalId":435174,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '88. 'A Partnership of Marine Interests'. Proceedings","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129395373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-31DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1988.794987
D. Sheehy, S. Vik
{"title":"Mitigation planning for port development","authors":"D. Sheehy, S. Vik","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1988.794987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1988.794987","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":435174,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '88. 'A Partnership of Marine Interests'. Proceedings","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117230415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-31DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1988.795047
E. Cannon
{"title":"The U.S. Coast Guard: a prototype for National and International Ocean Policy Implementation","authors":"E. Cannon","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1988.795047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1988.795047","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":435174,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '88. 'A Partnership of Marine Interests'. Proceedings","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115290781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-31DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1988.795006
R. Burroughs
{"title":"information in a changing management context: the ocean dumping example","authors":"R. Burroughs","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1988.795006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1988.795006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":435174,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '88. 'A Partnership of Marine Interests'. Proceedings","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116057160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-31DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1988.794954
R. Gaul, A. Mcclure, F. Shumaker
Variable draft is shown to be an essential feature for a research and survey SWATH ship large enough for unrestricted service worldwide. An ongoing semisubmerged (variable draft) SWATH can be designed for access to shallow harbors. Speed at transit (shallow) draft can be comparable to monohulls of the same power while assuring equal or better seakeeping characteristics. Seakeeping with the ship at deeper drafts can be superior to an equivalent SWATH that is designed for all operations at a single draft. The lower hulls of the semisubmerged SWATH ship can be devoid of fins. A practical target for interior clear spacing between the lower hulls is about 50 feet. Access to the sea surface for equipment can be provided astern, over the side, or from within a centerwell amidships. One of the lower hulls can be optimized to carry acoustic sounding equipment. A design is presented in this paper for a semisubmerged ship with a trial speed in excess of 15 knots, a scientific mission payload of 300 tons, and accommodations for 50 personnel. 1. SEMISUBMERGED SWATH TECHNOLOGY A single draft for the full range of operating conditions is a comon feature of typical SWATH ship designs. This constant draft characteristic is found in the SWATH ships built by Mitsuil” , most notably the KAIY03, and the SWATH T-AGOS4 which is now under construction for the U.S. Navy. The constant draft design for ships of this size (about 3,500 tons displacement) poses two significant drawbacks. One is that the draft must be at least 25 feet to satisfy seakeeping requirements. This draft is restrictive for access to many harbors that would be useful for research and survey functions. The second is that hull and column (strut) hydrodynamics generally result in the SWATH being a larger ship and having greater power requirements than for an equivalent monohull. The ship size and hull configuration, together with the necessity for a. President, Blue Sea Corporation b. President, Alan C. McClure Associates, Inc. stabilizing fins, usually leads to a higher capital cost than for a rougher riding, but otherwise equivalent, monohull. The distinguishing feature of the semisubmerged SWATH ship is variable draft. Sufficient allowance for ballast transfer is made to enable the ship to vary its draft under all load conditions. The shallowest draft is well within usual harbor limits and gives the lower hulls a slight freeboard. It also permits transit in low to moderate sea conditions using less propulsion power than is needed by a constant draft SWATH. The semisubmerged SWATH gives more design flexibility to provide for deep draft conditions that strike a balance between operating requirements and seakeeping characteristics. Intermediate “storm” drafts can be selected that are a compromise between seakeeping, speed, and upper hull clearance to avoid slamming. A discussion of these and other tradeoffs in semisubmerged SWATH ship design for oceanographic applications is given in a paper by Gaul and
{"title":"Design of a semisubmerged swath research and survey ship","authors":"R. Gaul, A. Mcclure, F. Shumaker","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1988.794954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1988.794954","url":null,"abstract":"Variable draft is shown to be an essential feature for a research and survey SWATH ship large enough for unrestricted service worldwide. An ongoing semisubmerged (variable draft) SWATH can be designed for access to shallow harbors. Speed at transit (shallow) draft can be comparable to monohulls of the same power while assuring equal or better seakeeping characteristics. Seakeeping with the ship at deeper drafts can be superior to an equivalent SWATH that is designed for all operations at a single draft. The lower hulls of the semisubmerged SWATH ship can be devoid of fins. A practical target for interior clear spacing between the lower hulls is about 50 feet. Access to the sea surface for equipment can be provided astern, over the side, or from within a centerwell amidships. One of the lower hulls can be optimized to carry acoustic sounding equipment. A design is presented in this paper for a semisubmerged ship with a trial speed in excess of 15 knots, a scientific mission payload of 300 tons, and accommodations for 50 personnel. 1. SEMISUBMERGED SWATH TECHNOLOGY A single draft for the full range of operating conditions is a comon feature of typical SWATH ship designs. This constant draft characteristic is found in the SWATH ships built by Mitsuil” , most notably the KAIY03, and the SWATH T-AGOS4 which is now under construction for the U.S. Navy. The constant draft design for ships of this size (about 3,500 tons displacement) poses two significant drawbacks. One is that the draft must be at least 25 feet to satisfy seakeeping requirements. This draft is restrictive for access to many harbors that would be useful for research and survey functions. The second is that hull and column (strut) hydrodynamics generally result in the SWATH being a larger ship and having greater power requirements than for an equivalent monohull. The ship size and hull configuration, together with the necessity for a. President, Blue Sea Corporation b. President, Alan C. McClure Associates, Inc. stabilizing fins, usually leads to a higher capital cost than for a rougher riding, but otherwise equivalent, monohull. The distinguishing feature of the semisubmerged SWATH ship is variable draft. Sufficient allowance for ballast transfer is made to enable the ship to vary its draft under all load conditions. The shallowest draft is well within usual harbor limits and gives the lower hulls a slight freeboard. It also permits transit in low to moderate sea conditions using less propulsion power than is needed by a constant draft SWATH. The semisubmerged SWATH gives more design flexibility to provide for deep draft conditions that strike a balance between operating requirements and seakeeping characteristics. Intermediate “storm” drafts can be selected that are a compromise between seakeeping, speed, and upper hull clearance to avoid slamming. A discussion of these and other tradeoffs in semisubmerged SWATH ship design for oceanographic applications is given in a paper by Gaul and ","PeriodicalId":435174,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '88. 'A Partnership of Marine Interests'. Proceedings","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114244653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-31DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1988.794939
D. Grahan, B. Hamlin, B. Julson, W. Mills, A. Meyer, R. Olivas, P. Rabinowitz, D. Bontempo, J. Tauxe
The Ocean D r i l l i n g Program (ODP) i s dedicated t o p r o v i d i n g a s t a t e o f t h e a r t research environment f o r t h e study o f deep ocean mar i ne geol ogy . JOIDES Resolut ion, t h e s c i e n t i f i c d r i l l s h i p o f D P , con ta ins over 12,000 sq. f t. o f l a b o r a t o r y space i n a seven-story modular s t r u c t u r e designed t o meet t h e needs o f modern marine geo log ica l research. This l a b o r a t o r y complex a l l ows f o r i n v e s t i g a t i o n o f sediment01 ogy, phys i ca l p r o p e r t i e s , paleomagnetics, chemistry, petrography, and paleonto logy through t h e examination and a n a l y s i s o f core m a t e r i a l recovered f rom t h e ocean bottom. This f l o a t i n g l a b o r a t o r y suppor ts a team o f about 25 i n t e r n a t i o n a l research s c i e n t i s t s on each two month c ru i se . A group o f 1 7 t echn ic ians operates , mai n t a i ns , and t r a i n s s c i e n t i s t s i n t h e use of t h e s c i e n t i f i c equipment aboard t h e J O I D E S Resolut ion. This paper discusses t h e e m n t , purchased and b u i l t , t h a t supports t h e above i n v e s t i g a t i o n s .
{"title":"Shipboard laboratory support: ocean drilling program","authors":"D. Grahan, B. Hamlin, B. Julson, W. Mills, A. Meyer, R. Olivas, P. Rabinowitz, D. Bontempo, J. Tauxe","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1988.794939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1988.794939","url":null,"abstract":"The Ocean D r i l l i n g Program (ODP) i s dedicated t o p r o v i d i n g a s t a t e o f t h e a r t research environment f o r t h e study o f deep ocean mar i ne geol ogy . JOIDES Resolut ion, t h e s c i e n t i f i c d r i l l s h i p o f D P , con ta ins over 12,000 sq. f t. o f l a b o r a t o r y space i n a seven-story modular s t r u c t u r e designed t o meet t h e needs o f modern marine geo log ica l research. This l a b o r a t o r y complex a l l ows f o r i n v e s t i g a t i o n o f sediment01 ogy, phys i ca l p r o p e r t i e s , paleomagnetics, chemistry, petrography, and paleonto logy through t h e examination and a n a l y s i s o f core m a t e r i a l recovered f rom t h e ocean bottom. This f l o a t i n g l a b o r a t o r y suppor ts a team o f about 25 i n t e r n a t i o n a l research s c i e n t i s t s on each two month c ru i se . A group o f 1 7 t echn ic ians operates , mai n t a i ns , and t r a i n s s c i e n t i s t s i n t h e use of t h e s c i e n t i f i c equipment aboard t h e J O I D E S Resolut ion. This paper discusses t h e e m n t , purchased and b u i l t , t h a t supports t h e above i n v e s t i g a t i o n s .","PeriodicalId":435174,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '88. 'A Partnership of Marine Interests'. Proceedings","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114772864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-31DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23682
M. Macciò, C. Langdon
A standard EG&G VMCM (vector measuring current meter) has been modified to acquire data from external sensors. The external sensors are mounted on a compact backpack which attaches to the VMCM's cage. Some simple changes to the VMCM's A/D (analog/digital) board opened up eight analog voltage channels. Changes to the VMCM's firmware were made to allow control over the period of time between toggling external power on and the A/D sampling cycle. Some sensors with low power consumption were powered continuously and their signals passed through a low-pass filter to match time constants and minimize aliasing. Sixteen VMCMs were modified and three deployments of these MVMSs (multivariable moored sensors) were made in 1987 with durations of three to four months.<>
{"title":"Description of conversion of an EG&G VMCM into a MVMS (multi-variable moored sensor)","authors":"M. Macciò, C. Langdon","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23682","url":null,"abstract":"A standard EG&G VMCM (vector measuring current meter) has been modified to acquire data from external sensors. The external sensors are mounted on a compact backpack which attaches to the VMCM's cage. Some simple changes to the VMCM's A/D (analog/digital) board opened up eight analog voltage channels. Changes to the VMCM's firmware were made to allow control over the period of time between toggling external power on and the A/D sampling cycle. Some sensors with low power consumption were powered continuously and their signals passed through a low-pass filter to match time constants and minimize aliasing. Sixteen VMCMs were modified and three deployments of these MVMSs (multivariable moored sensors) were made in 1987 with durations of three to four months.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":435174,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '88. 'A Partnership of Marine Interests'. Proceedings","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114803539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-31DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1988.795033
R. Henderson
Several spec ie s of harbor organisms were exposed i n a chronic, flowthrough experiment t o environmentally r e l evan t t r i b u t y l t i n (TBT) concentrat ions i n t h e range of about 10 t o 100 n g / l i t e r . mean level of exposure (100 n g / l i t e r ) and included depressed condi t ion ind ices of a d u l t oys t e r s (Crassostrea v i r g i n i c a ) and reduced sett lement of two endemic oys t e r species. The set t lement and growth of 15 common foul ing organisms and s u r v i v a l of anchovy b a i t f i s h and portunid crabs were unaffected by a l l TBT exposures. Oysters, anchovies and crabs were sampled pe r iod ica l ly f o r f u t u r e a n a l y s i s of TBT t i s s u e burdens. observat ions from previous s i t e s p e c i f i c flowthrough t e s t s i n P e a r l Harbor t h a t show that chronic exposures t o TBT levels of about 80 t o 100 n g l l i t e r m d higher cause s i g n i f i c a n t d e l e t e r i o u s e f f e c t s on s e n s i t i v e marine epifauna. E f f e c t s were seen only a t t h e highest
{"title":"Chronic exposure effects of tributyltin on Pearl Harbor organisms","authors":"R. Henderson","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1988.795033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1988.795033","url":null,"abstract":"Several spec ie s of harbor organisms were exposed i n a chronic, flowthrough experiment t o environmentally r e l evan t t r i b u t y l t i n (TBT) concentrat ions i n t h e range of about 10 t o 100 n g / l i t e r . mean level of exposure (100 n g / l i t e r ) and included depressed condi t ion ind ices of a d u l t oys t e r s (Crassostrea v i r g i n i c a ) and reduced sett lement of two endemic oys t e r species. The set t lement and growth of 15 common foul ing organisms and s u r v i v a l of anchovy b a i t f i s h and portunid crabs were unaffected by a l l TBT exposures. Oysters, anchovies and crabs were sampled pe r iod ica l ly f o r f u t u r e a n a l y s i s of TBT t i s s u e burdens. observat ions from previous s i t e s p e c i f i c flowthrough t e s t s i n P e a r l Harbor t h a t show that chronic exposures t o TBT levels of about 80 t o 100 n g l l i t e r m d higher cause s i g n i f i c a n t d e l e t e r i o u s e f f e c t s on s e n s i t i v e marine epifauna. E f f e c t s were seen only a t t h e highest","PeriodicalId":435174,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '88. 'A Partnership of Marine Interests'. Proceedings","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125309812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-31DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1988.794946
D. W. Yu, J. Devletian
{"title":"Electroslag surfacing for construction, restoration, and repair of ship structures","authors":"D. W. Yu, J. Devletian","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1988.794946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1988.794946","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":435174,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '88. 'A Partnership of Marine Interests'. Proceedings","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125412848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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