Pub Date : 1988-10-31DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23538
A. Young, L. Babb, R. Boggess
Recent development of a series of miniature probes for acquiring geoscience data is described. Because of the small probe size, pushing mechanisms are also scaled down (1000 kg, typically). Handling equipment onboard oceanographic research vessels is suitable for deployment of the self-contained miniprobe systems. Installation of the systems on remotely-operated-vehicles also appears feasible. Penetrations to 12.2 m have been achieved.<>
{"title":"Mini-probes: a new dimension in offshore in situ testing","authors":"A. Young, L. Babb, R. Boggess","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23538","url":null,"abstract":"Recent development of a series of miniature probes for acquiring geoscience data is described. Because of the small probe size, pushing mechanisms are also scaled down (1000 kg, typically). Handling equipment onboard oceanographic research vessels is suitable for deployment of the self-contained miniprobe systems. Installation of the systems on remotely-operated-vehicles also appears feasible. Penetrations to 12.2 m have been achieved.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":435174,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '88. 'A Partnership of Marine Interests'. Proceedings","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122363981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-31DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1988.794971
J. M. Wells
"The Use of Nitrogen-Oxygen Mixtures as Divers Breathing Gas" discusses the use of nitrogen-oxygen mixtures as a substitute for air by divers, detailing their advantages in terms of reduction of decompression obligation and extension of Ilbottom time". The paper concentrates especially upon the use of such mixtures by the NOAA Diving Program and the experience gained thereby. The NOAA-developed mixture known as NOAA NITROX I, in use since 1978, has been gaining increased acceptance in the diving community. A new mixture, NOAA NITROX 11, is still in the process of development. The NOAA-developed Continuous NITROX Mixer is also discussed.
{"title":"The use of nitrogen-oxygen as divers breathing gas","authors":"J. M. Wells","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1988.794971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1988.794971","url":null,"abstract":"\"The Use of Nitrogen-Oxygen Mixtures as Divers Breathing Gas\" discusses the use of nitrogen-oxygen mixtures as a substitute for air by divers, detailing their advantages in terms of reduction of decompression obligation and extension of Ilbottom time\". The paper concentrates especially upon the use of such mixtures by the NOAA Diving Program and the experience gained thereby. The NOAA-developed mixture known as NOAA NITROX I, in use since 1978, has been gaining increased acceptance in the diving community. A new mixture, NOAA NITROX 11, is still in the process of development. The NOAA-developed Continuous NITROX Mixer is also discussed.","PeriodicalId":435174,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '88. 'A Partnership of Marine Interests'. Proceedings","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126592160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-31DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23593
E. Kristof, J. Stancampiano, A. Chandler
Still cameras and television cameras are used separately and in concert to produce underwater images. A hybrid camera has been built that has the film and the electronic imager sharing the same optics. The camera has been successfully used in the field for high-quality remote macrophotography from submersibles and ROVs (remotely operated vehicles). The design and construction of the camera and techniques for use are described.<>
{"title":"Use of a macro-hybrid camera at National Geographic","authors":"E. Kristof, J. Stancampiano, A. Chandler","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23593","url":null,"abstract":"Still cameras and television cameras are used separately and in concert to produce underwater images. A hybrid camera has been built that has the film and the electronic imager sharing the same optics. The camera has been successfully used in the field for high-quality remote macrophotography from submersibles and ROVs (remotely operated vehicles). The design and construction of the camera and techniques for use are described.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":435174,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '88. 'A Partnership of Marine Interests'. Proceedings","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125818836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-31DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23527
Y. Kuroda, G. Kai, K. Okuno
A shipboard long range acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) was developed that can measure vertical profiles of ocean currents and acoustic backscattering strength in 32 layers up to a depth of 400 m and track the sea bottom up to a depth of 1000 m. The profiler incorporates a 70-kHz, phased-array acoustic transducer module, and an advanced signal processing method based on the autocorrelation function is used to derive the mean Doppler shift frequency from the received acoustic signal. To confirm the performance of the ADCP, the transducer and transmitter-receiver unit were tested in the open sea. Comparison between the ADCP and Aanderaa current meters (RCM) was also carried out. Results showed that the system can measure the ocean current velocity and the scattering strength up to a depth of 400 m.<>
{"title":"Development of a shipboard acoustic Doppler current profiler","authors":"Y. Kuroda, G. Kai, K. Okuno","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23527","url":null,"abstract":"A shipboard long range acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) was developed that can measure vertical profiles of ocean currents and acoustic backscattering strength in 32 layers up to a depth of 400 m and track the sea bottom up to a depth of 1000 m. The profiler incorporates a 70-kHz, phased-array acoustic transducer module, and an advanced signal processing method based on the autocorrelation function is used to derive the mean Doppler shift frequency from the received acoustic signal. To confirm the performance of the ADCP, the transducer and transmitter-receiver unit were tested in the open sea. Comparison between the ADCP and Aanderaa current meters (RCM) was also carried out. Results showed that the system can measure the ocean current velocity and the scattering strength up to a depth of 400 m.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":435174,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '88. 'A Partnership of Marine Interests'. Proceedings","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126766596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-31DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1988.794913
E. Tennyson, H. Whittakar
ABSTRACT A joint Canadian-United States exercise involving the intentional spilling of approximately 18,000 gallons of specially treated crude oil was conducted off Newfoundland in September 1987 to evaluate the containment and recovery capabilities of three state-of-the-art booms and skimmers. As part of the exercise, data were collected on a specially instrumented oil spill boom in an attempt to verify a proposed performance test procedure for open-ocean oil spill booms. A viscoelastic chemical additive was used, after the equipment evaluation was completed, to enhance recovery operations. Additional observations were made on the persistence of spilled oil slicks in advanced sea states. The containment and recovery effort was successful, despite winds and sea states commonly thought to be beyond existing capabilities.
{"title":"The 1987 Newfoundland oil spill experiment","authors":"E. Tennyson, H. Whittakar","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1988.794913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1988.794913","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A joint Canadian-United States exercise involving the intentional spilling of approximately 18,000 gallons of specially treated crude oil was conducted off Newfoundland in September 1987 to evaluate the containment and recovery capabilities of three state-of-the-art booms and skimmers. As part of the exercise, data were collected on a specially instrumented oil spill boom in an attempt to verify a proposed performance test procedure for open-ocean oil spill booms. A viscoelastic chemical additive was used, after the equipment evaluation was completed, to enhance recovery operations. Additional observations were made on the persistence of spilled oil slicks in advanced sea states. The containment and recovery effort was successful, despite winds and sea states commonly thought to be beyond existing capabilities.","PeriodicalId":435174,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '88. 'A Partnership of Marine Interests'. Proceedings","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121583903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-31DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23515
L. Haines, W. Renner, A. Eller
A real-time capability for predicting ocean-bottom acoustic returns (reflections and backscatter) has been developed for at-sea support of acoustical ocean surveys. The system operates on an HP-9020 desktop computer and provides color screen displays of predicted bottom reverberation as well as echoes from seamounts. Predictions are based on gridded archival databases which can vary with location. A special dual-resolution approach has been devised to provide a high-resolution depiction of the seamount returns in conjunction with a lower-resolution presentation of the reverberation from the slowly varying bottom features. This approach allows large ocean areas to be covered in reasonable computation time.<>
{"title":"Prediction system for acoustic returns from ocean bathymetry","authors":"L. Haines, W. Renner, A. Eller","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23515","url":null,"abstract":"A real-time capability for predicting ocean-bottom acoustic returns (reflections and backscatter) has been developed for at-sea support of acoustical ocean surveys. The system operates on an HP-9020 desktop computer and provides color screen displays of predicted bottom reverberation as well as echoes from seamounts. Predictions are based on gridded archival databases which can vary with location. A special dual-resolution approach has been devised to provide a high-resolution depiction of the seamount returns in conjunction with a lower-resolution presentation of the reverberation from the slowly varying bottom features. This approach allows large ocean areas to be covered in reasonable computation time.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":435174,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '88. 'A Partnership of Marine Interests'. Proceedings","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125159275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-31DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23534
D. Lavoie, E. Mozley, R. Corwin, D. Lambert, P. Valent
Model studies indicate that the DC electric resistivity technique is feasible for sediment classification and layer structuring. A prototype array was built to test the hypothesis that such a technique can be used in an underway mode in the marine environment. A 60-m, inverted array was towed both on and off the seafloor with electrode spacings appropriate for a penetration depth of 10 m below the seafloor. Three different bottom types, namely mud, gassy mud, and sand, were surveyed in the Mississippi Sound using the array. Ground truth was provided with an acoustic seafloor classification system, CTD (conductivity, temperature, and depth) casts, and numerous sediment cores. Data were analyzed using SUBVERT, an inversion routine adapted for an IBM-PC AT.<>
{"title":"The use of a towed, direct-current, electrical resistivity array for the classification of marine sediments","authors":"D. Lavoie, E. Mozley, R. Corwin, D. Lambert, P. Valent","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23534","url":null,"abstract":"Model studies indicate that the DC electric resistivity technique is feasible for sediment classification and layer structuring. A prototype array was built to test the hypothesis that such a technique can be used in an underway mode in the marine environment. A 60-m, inverted array was towed both on and off the seafloor with electrode spacings appropriate for a penetration depth of 10 m below the seafloor. Three different bottom types, namely mud, gassy mud, and sand, were surveyed in the Mississippi Sound using the array. Ground truth was provided with an acoustic seafloor classification system, CTD (conductivity, temperature, and depth) casts, and numerous sediment cores. Data were analyzed using SUBVERT, an inversion routine adapted for an IBM-PC AT.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":435174,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '88. 'A Partnership of Marine Interests'. Proceedings","volume":"282 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122474057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-31DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23687
G. Kontopidis, G. Bowers
A real-time wave processing system with long-range telemetry capabilities has been developed. The system is housed in an accelerometer wave-measuring buoy and consists of a wave data acquisition module, a versatile processor/controller module, and a satellite navigation and telemetry module. Real-time information, including the wave-height power spectrum, and the longitude and latitude of the buoy, is computed in situ and transmitted via the telemetry link. Selected data products and raw data are archived on magnetic tape at regular intervals or when the significant wave height exceeds a predetermined threshold. The WavePro is useful in applications where wave data must be taken in remote locations, which lack line-of-sight telemetry paths required by existing RF systems. Extended deployment periods are made possible by transmitting only statistically significant frequency-domain data products.<>
{"title":"WavePro: an autonomous wave processor with long-range telemetry","authors":"G. Kontopidis, G. Bowers","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23687","url":null,"abstract":"A real-time wave processing system with long-range telemetry capabilities has been developed. The system is housed in an accelerometer wave-measuring buoy and consists of a wave data acquisition module, a versatile processor/controller module, and a satellite navigation and telemetry module. Real-time information, including the wave-height power spectrum, and the longitude and latitude of the buoy, is computed in situ and transmitted via the telemetry link. Selected data products and raw data are archived on magnetic tape at regular intervals or when the significant wave height exceeds a predetermined threshold. The WavePro is useful in applications where wave data must be taken in remote locations, which lack line-of-sight telemetry paths required by existing RF systems. Extended deployment periods are made possible by transmitting only statistically significant frequency-domain data products.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":435174,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '88. 'A Partnership of Marine Interests'. Proceedings","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122888865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-31DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23526
G. Appell, J. Gast, R. Williams, P. Bass
The National Ocean Service of NOAA has recently conducted tests and established a laboratory calibration technique for Doppler current profilers. A cooperative effort was established with the manufacturer to assess the technique and the instrument's performance. Several systems ranging in operating frequencies from 300 to 1200 kHz were tested and calibrated. A 1200-kHz system was characterized by the manufacturer through a series of laboratory tests and evaluation runs on a calibrated lake course. This unit was then tested by NOAA for comparison purposes. Calibrations of both bottom track and water track velocity were performed at speeds from 0 to 300 cm/s. Sources of error were investigated by NOAA and the manufacturer. Test results, calibration data, and procedures are discussed.<>
{"title":"Calibration of acoustic Doppler current profiles","authors":"G. Appell, J. Gast, R. Williams, P. Bass","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23526","url":null,"abstract":"The National Ocean Service of NOAA has recently conducted tests and established a laboratory calibration technique for Doppler current profilers. A cooperative effort was established with the manufacturer to assess the technique and the instrument's performance. Several systems ranging in operating frequencies from 300 to 1200 kHz were tested and calibrated. A 1200-kHz system was characterized by the manufacturer through a series of laboratory tests and evaluation runs on a calibrated lake course. This unit was then tested by NOAA for comparison purposes. Calibrations of both bottom track and water track velocity were performed at speeds from 0 to 300 cm/s. Sources of error were investigated by NOAA and the manufacturer. Test results, calibration data, and procedures are discussed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":435174,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '88. 'A Partnership of Marine Interests'. Proceedings","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131152528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-31DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23701
P. Auster, L. L. Stewart, H. Sprunk
The use of ROVs (remote operated vehicles) for science missions requires records of images for future qualitative and quantitative evaluations. The scientific use of standard ROV imaging systems is often difficult due to (1) the need to change the field of view of the video camera for piloting and (2) the often standard configuration of the still (film) camera. Precise calibration for areal or volumetric coverage is a necessity, and several variance minimizing procedures can be utilized. It is concluded that, considering the ROV as a mobile platform, imaging packages for specific science missions can be added which take advantage of the small-scale maneuverability and placement capabilities of the system.<>
{"title":"Scientific imaging: problems and solutions for ROVs","authors":"P. Auster, L. L. Stewart, H. Sprunk","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23701","url":null,"abstract":"The use of ROVs (remote operated vehicles) for science missions requires records of images for future qualitative and quantitative evaluations. The scientific use of standard ROV imaging systems is often difficult due to (1) the need to change the field of view of the video camera for piloting and (2) the often standard configuration of the still (film) camera. Precise calibration for areal or volumetric coverage is a necessity, and several variance minimizing procedures can be utilized. It is concluded that, considering the ROV as a mobile platform, imaging packages for specific science missions can be added which take advantage of the small-scale maneuverability and placement capabilities of the system.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":435174,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '88. 'A Partnership of Marine Interests'. Proceedings","volume":"135 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131097341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：