Pub Date : 1988-10-31DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1988.794871
C. Kohler
Abstract : Corrosive-wear, which is responsible for the majority of buoy chain degradation, was investigated in two laboratory studies. The objective of the first study was to isolate the two components, corrosion and wear, in order to determine each of their influences on the corrosive-wear process on steels. The second study was designed to produce uniform wear on the steel's surface, providing more accurate data on the steel's wear resistance and to determine the effects of alloy additions. The steel presently being used for buoy chain, which is similar in composition to ASTM 1022 steel, was compared to ASTM 4140, 4340, 8740, and a heat-treatment 4140 steel in order to identify a material which would provide a longer life buoy chain. The results of the experiments showed that the wear component contributed material losses of one to two orders of magnitude greater than the corrosion process. It was also determined that the 4340 steel would be the most suitable material for longer life buoy chain. This alloy's high nickel content would reduce the potential for pitting attack, which can be extremely damaging to a mooring. The microstructure of the 4340, with a low ferrite to pearlite ratio and fine grain size, would provide an increased wear resistance of up to four times greater than the 1022 steel. (Author)
{"title":"Corrosive-wear of buoy chain","authors":"C. Kohler","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1988.794871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1988.794871","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract : Corrosive-wear, which is responsible for the majority of buoy chain degradation, was investigated in two laboratory studies. The objective of the first study was to isolate the two components, corrosion and wear, in order to determine each of their influences on the corrosive-wear process on steels. The second study was designed to produce uniform wear on the steel's surface, providing more accurate data on the steel's wear resistance and to determine the effects of alloy additions. The steel presently being used for buoy chain, which is similar in composition to ASTM 1022 steel, was compared to ASTM 4140, 4340, 8740, and a heat-treatment 4140 steel in order to identify a material which would provide a longer life buoy chain. The results of the experiments showed that the wear component contributed material losses of one to two orders of magnitude greater than the corrosion process. It was also determined that the 4340 steel would be the most suitable material for longer life buoy chain. This alloy's high nickel content would reduce the potential for pitting attack, which can be extremely damaging to a mooring. The microstructure of the 4340, with a low ferrite to pearlite ratio and fine grain size, would provide an increased wear resistance of up to four times greater than the 1022 steel. (Author)","PeriodicalId":435174,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '88. 'A Partnership of Marine Interests'. Proceedings","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122104662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-31DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23660
D. C. Hicks, C. M. Pleass, G. Mitcheson
It is shown that wave-powered desalination can be achieved by a relatively simple buoy/pump/anchor system coupled to a standard reverse-osmosis filter. By engineering the system from appropriate materials and component designs, it is possible to operate the device with only annual maintenance for up to five years. As a result, the device is economically viable for use in areas such as the Caribbean.<>
{"title":"DELBUOY: wave-powered seawater desalination system","authors":"D. C. Hicks, C. M. Pleass, G. Mitcheson","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23660","url":null,"abstract":"It is shown that wave-powered desalination can be achieved by a relatively simple buoy/pump/anchor system coupled to a standard reverse-osmosis filter. By engineering the system from appropriate materials and component designs, it is possible to operate the device with only annual maintenance for up to five years. As a result, the device is economically viable for use in areas such as the Caribbean.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":435174,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '88. 'A Partnership of Marine Interests'. Proceedings","volume":"12 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113956900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-31DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1988.794922
J. Hawkins
Satellite remote sensing of the ocean is important to the maritime industry, fishing, and environmental research, but has real limitations. The capabilities and limitations of remote sensing should be better understood by policy and decision makers, as well as nonremote-sensing oceanographers. Satellites are perceived as being the solution to many nagging ocean surveillance problems, like pollution monitoring. While satellites hold the promise to do more in the future, and are critical elements of various maritime programs today, the applicability of space-based remote sensing should not be oversold. This year is the tenth anniversary of the TIROS-N series of polar-orbiting spacecraft. I t is time to reexamine what the nation's only operational remote sensing satellites have contributed to oceanography and commerce. When planned, these satellites were not expected to be beneficial as they now are or can be.
{"title":"Satellite ocean monitoring at ten years: perceptions and realities","authors":"J. Hawkins","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1988.794922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1988.794922","url":null,"abstract":"Satellite remote sensing of the ocean is important to the maritime industry, fishing, and environmental research, but has real limitations. The capabilities and limitations of remote sensing should be better understood by policy and decision makers, as well as nonremote-sensing oceanographers. Satellites are perceived as being the solution to many nagging ocean surveillance problems, like pollution monitoring. While satellites hold the promise to do more in the future, and are critical elements of various maritime programs today, the applicability of space-based remote sensing should not be oversold. This year is the tenth anniversary of the TIROS-N series of polar-orbiting spacecraft. I t is time to reexamine what the nation's only operational remote sensing satellites have contributed to oceanography and commerce. When planned, these satellites were not expected to be beneficial as they now are or can be.","PeriodicalId":435174,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '88. 'A Partnership of Marine Interests'. Proceedings","volume":"152 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122857394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-31DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23546
Charles R. Bostater, V. Klemas
Estuarine remote sensing instruments are described with respect to their state-of-the-art capabilities. Remote sensing studies of estuaries can be considered as being of two different types: estuarine intercomparisons (between estuaries) and intraestuarine (within estuary assessments). Current research has allowed initial efforts of estuarine intercomparisons of light attenuation and suspended sediments. Remote sensing can provide inputs to mathematical models used for research and management of estuaries and near coastal waters. The in situ optical profiling approach is transferable to other estuarine studies.<>
{"title":"Remote sensing of physical and biological properties of estuaries","authors":"Charles R. Bostater, V. Klemas","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23546","url":null,"abstract":"Estuarine remote sensing instruments are described with respect to their state-of-the-art capabilities. Remote sensing studies of estuaries can be considered as being of two different types: estuarine intercomparisons (between estuaries) and intraestuarine (within estuary assessments). Current research has allowed initial efforts of estuarine intercomparisons of light attenuation and suspended sediments. Remote sensing can provide inputs to mathematical models used for research and management of estuaries and near coastal waters. The in situ optical profiling approach is transferable to other estuarine studies.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":435174,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '88. 'A Partnership of Marine Interests'. Proceedings","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123933413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-31DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23663
Y. Masuda, T. Yamazaki, Y. Outa, M. McCormick
The application of the wave power electric generator, used in the navigation tail-tube buoy, to other buoy shapes has been restricted because of difficulty in fitting an air chamber. The backward bent duct buoy configuration, developed to solve this problem, is applicable to navigation aids including light buoys and light ships, telemetering buoys, military warning buoys, and other utility buoys. It can also be used for offshore station-keeping buoys, with or without moorings. By upscaling floating wave power generators are created that can supply power to both island and coastal communities. The energy cost of such systems is estimated to be about 38 yen/kWh for islands in the subtropic zone and about 15 yen/kWh in high-wave-power zones.<>
{"title":"The backward bend duct buoy-an improved floating type wave power device","authors":"Y. Masuda, T. Yamazaki, Y. Outa, M. McCormick","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23663","url":null,"abstract":"The application of the wave power electric generator, used in the navigation tail-tube buoy, to other buoy shapes has been restricted because of difficulty in fitting an air chamber. The backward bent duct buoy configuration, developed to solve this problem, is applicable to navigation aids including light buoys and light ships, telemetering buoys, military warning buoys, and other utility buoys. It can also be used for offshore station-keeping buoys, with or without moorings. By upscaling floating wave power generators are created that can supply power to both island and coastal communities. The energy cost of such systems is estimated to be about 38 yen/kWh for islands in the subtropic zone and about 15 yen/kWh in high-wave-power zones.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":435174,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '88. 'A Partnership of Marine Interests'. Proceedings","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129838496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-31DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23775
J. M. Tattersall, J.A. Mingrone, P. King
Summary form only given. A family of multichannel underwater acoustic data acquisition systems were deployed to the ocean floor and utilize video cassette recorders. One of these systems, the Acoustic Transient Recording Buoy (ATRB), was used as part of an ocean boundary interaction acoustic measurement program. Explosive SUS charges were used as a source of transient high-energy wideband acoustic signals and the direct, surface, and bottom-interacting multipath arrivals from their detonation were recorded by the bottom-moored ATRB system. Acoustic data obtained from the first two deployments are of very high quality, with wider bandwidth and dynamic range than data sets acquired during earlier experiments using analog recording methods.<>
{"title":"A VCR based digital data recorder for underwater acoustics multipath measurements","authors":"J. M. Tattersall, J.A. Mingrone, P. King","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23775","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. A family of multichannel underwater acoustic data acquisition systems were deployed to the ocean floor and utilize video cassette recorders. One of these systems, the Acoustic Transient Recording Buoy (ATRB), was used as part of an ocean boundary interaction acoustic measurement program. Explosive SUS charges were used as a source of transient high-energy wideband acoustic signals and the direct, surface, and bottom-interacting multipath arrivals from their detonation were recorded by the bottom-moored ATRB system. Acoustic data obtained from the first two deployments are of very high quality, with wider bandwidth and dynamic range than data sets acquired during earlier experiments using analog recording methods.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":435174,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '88. 'A Partnership of Marine Interests'. Proceedings","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130241650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-31DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1988.794941
Kimiaki Kudo, T. Tsuzuku, K. Iwai, Y. Akiyama
{"title":"Wave focusing by a submemrged plate","authors":"Kimiaki Kudo, T. Tsuzuku, K. Iwai, Y. Akiyama","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1988.794941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1988.794941","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":435174,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '88. 'A Partnership of Marine Interests'. Proceedings","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125642455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-31DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1988.794874
J. Legrand, A. Echardour, L. Floury, H. Floch, J. Kerducuff, T. Le Moign, G. Loaec, Y. Raer
NAD~A is a system developped to complete re-entry operations in deep sea boreholes, drilled for twenty years by the drilling vessels Glomar Challenger and JOIDES Resolution. NADIA is operated by a manned submersible at water depth of up to 6000 m, with a capability of lowering instruments in holes of 1000 m of penetration. This paper describes the system and re-entry operations, with some technical details about specific equipments developped within the project NADIA. The work to be cqmpleted during the upcoming cruise FARE is described. Then, a programme plan of development, following FARE is briefly exposed. The first trials at sea were completed successfully in 2300 m of water in the Mediterranean Sea. Operations in DSDP Hole 396 B will be conducted in July and August 1988.
{"title":"NADIA: wireline re-entry in deep sea boreholes","authors":"J. Legrand, A. Echardour, L. Floury, H. Floch, J. Kerducuff, T. Le Moign, G. Loaec, Y. Raer","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1988.794874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1988.794874","url":null,"abstract":"NAD~A is a system developped to complete re-entry operations in deep sea boreholes, drilled for twenty years by the drilling vessels Glomar Challenger and JOIDES Resolution. NADIA is operated by a manned submersible at water depth of up to 6000 m, with a capability of lowering instruments in holes of 1000 m of penetration. This paper describes the system and re-entry operations, with some technical details about specific equipments developped within the project NADIA. The work to be cqmpleted during the upcoming cruise FARE is described. Then, a programme plan of development, following FARE is briefly exposed. The first trials at sea were completed successfully in 2300 m of water in the Mediterranean Sea. Operations in DSDP Hole 396 B will be conducted in July and August 1988.","PeriodicalId":435174,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '88. 'A Partnership of Marine Interests'. Proceedings","volume":"152 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122162686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-31DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23574
T. F. Pfeiffer
The serial ASCII Instrumentation Loop (SAIL) is a hardware and software protocol which is used for collecting data from a variety of sources aboard ship. A SAIL controller was implemented using a single-board computer. The software includes a few provisions to allow it to operate without an operator, but essentially it is ordinary PC software. The boards provide an inexpensive and easily accessible method of adding substantial intelligence to instrumentation systems.<>
{"title":"A single board computer based SAIL controller","authors":"T. F. Pfeiffer","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23574","url":null,"abstract":"The serial ASCII Instrumentation Loop (SAIL) is a hardware and software protocol which is used for collecting data from a variety of sources aboard ship. A SAIL controller was implemented using a single-board computer. The software includes a few provisions to allow it to operate without an operator, but essentially it is ordinary PC software. The boards provide an inexpensive and easily accessible method of adding substantial intelligence to instrumentation systems.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":435174,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '88. 'A Partnership of Marine Interests'. Proceedings","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116412309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-31DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23814
L. Fedor, E. Walsh
Seasat radar altimeter data are examined for the effects of sea ice on the returns during an overflight of the Beaufort Sea. Waveform parameters and their statistics are combined to form a parameter sensitive to the presence of sea ice. Variations in the value of this ice parameter are compared with ice charts obtained from the Canadian Atmospheric Environment Service. Particular attention is paid to the sensitivity of the radar altimeter to the open-ocean sea ice boundary.<>
{"title":"Interpretation of Seasat radar altimeter returns from an overflight of ice in the Beaufort Sea","authors":"L. Fedor, E. Walsh","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23814","url":null,"abstract":"Seasat radar altimeter data are examined for the effects of sea ice on the returns during an overflight of the Beaufort Sea. Waveform parameters and their statistics are combined to form a parameter sensitive to the presence of sea ice. Variations in the value of this ice parameter are compared with ice charts obtained from the Canadian Atmospheric Environment Service. Particular attention is paid to the sensitivity of the radar altimeter to the open-ocean sea ice boundary.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":435174,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '88. 'A Partnership of Marine Interests'. Proceedings","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127130986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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