Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.1017/S1537781422000597
Nathan K. Finney
Abstract The entry of the United States into the First World War and the integration of women into mobilization expanded women-run private initiatives and integrated their associational efforts into the war effort. This created greater visibility of women and children to state and federal governments. In the end, however, the increased attention and mobilization of private organizations by the state around women’s issues was fleeting. The alacrity with which North Carolina dispensed with these mechanisms for mobilization is an example of their purpose as associational measures to manage the dynamics of wartime and maintain pre-war hierarchies of power. Throughout the war, the bifurcation of work based on gender and the unfixed status of women created a situation in which their participation required constant negotiation. The need to negotiate participation in the mobilization was itself an outgrowth of the conflicted relationship between American government and civil society over women’s issues. After the war, these issues again became the purview of private organizations and other systems of extra-governmental governance that leveraged a more associational relationship with federal and state governments.
{"title":"“Building A Great Organization for War”: The Associational State and Woman’s War Work in North Carolina, 1917–1919","authors":"Nathan K. Finney","doi":"10.1017/S1537781422000597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537781422000597","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The entry of the United States into the First World War and the integration of women into mobilization expanded women-run private initiatives and integrated their associational efforts into the war effort. This created greater visibility of women and children to state and federal governments. In the end, however, the increased attention and mobilization of private organizations by the state around women’s issues was fleeting. The alacrity with which North Carolina dispensed with these mechanisms for mobilization is an example of their purpose as associational measures to manage the dynamics of wartime and maintain pre-war hierarchies of power. Throughout the war, the bifurcation of work based on gender and the unfixed status of women created a situation in which their participation required constant negotiation. The need to negotiate participation in the mobilization was itself an outgrowth of the conflicted relationship between American government and civil society over women’s issues. After the war, these issues again became the purview of private organizations and other systems of extra-governmental governance that leveraged a more associational relationship with federal and state governments.","PeriodicalId":43534,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45669137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.1017/S1537781422000652
Rosanne Currarino
In the January 2022 issue of the journal, Gilded Age and Progressive Era political historians came together to challenge us to continue finding new ways “to think historically about political power.” The five articles in this issue take up that challenge. Richard Ellis and Joshua Kluever revisit socialist politics to argue that socialists have had greater, and longer, impact on American politics than they are credited for. Ellis locates the origins of the initiative and referendum in the 1877 Socialist Labor Party (SLP) platform, fifteen years before the People’s Party called for these reforms at its Omaha convention. Returning the SLP to the center of successful GAPE political reform suggests that international socialism was far more important in shaping twentieth-century politics than we have acknowledged. Kluever turns to the end of the long GAPE, usually seen as a low point of political socialism, to show that the Socialist Party in Wisconsin, in fact, flourished. Working with Republicans, the Socialists were instrumental in passing progressive legislation into the 1930s. Nathan Finney and Mazie Hough examine the shifting relationships between women and state. Finney, winner of the 2021 SHGAPE Graduate Student Essay Prize, shows how North Carolinian women’s organizations leveraged their work in the First World War’s homefront mobilization to claim a role in governance and to push women’s concerns forward in politics. When the war emergency ended, though, women found themselves once more excluded from formal politics, highlighting the volatile relationship between women and formal government. Hough examines the state’s growing control of women’s behavior in Maine between 1877 and 1917. Looking at sentences of women accused of infanticide, Hough finds that the state increasingly ignored local women’s explanatory testimony, pushed aside local preference for leniency, and marshalled urban professional opinion to dictate the parameters of women’s lives. Finally, Benjamin Wetzel shows how a Unionist memory of the Civil War proved a durable and effective tool into the twentieth century. As both historian and politician, Theodore Roosevelt eschewed the reconcilliationist narrative. He held firm to the Unionist narrative of the war, and he used the Unionists’ narrative to promote the political causes with which he is most closely associated: American empire, New Nationalism, and American entry into World War I. We conclude the issue, as always, with a wide-ranging collection of book reviews.
{"title":"Editor’s Note","authors":"Rosanne Currarino","doi":"10.1017/S1537781422000652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537781422000652","url":null,"abstract":"In the January 2022 issue of the journal, Gilded Age and Progressive Era political historians came together to challenge us to continue finding new ways “to think historically about political power.” The five articles in this issue take up that challenge. Richard Ellis and Joshua Kluever revisit socialist politics to argue that socialists have had greater, and longer, impact on American politics than they are credited for. Ellis locates the origins of the initiative and referendum in the 1877 Socialist Labor Party (SLP) platform, fifteen years before the People’s Party called for these reforms at its Omaha convention. Returning the SLP to the center of successful GAPE political reform suggests that international socialism was far more important in shaping twentieth-century politics than we have acknowledged. Kluever turns to the end of the long GAPE, usually seen as a low point of political socialism, to show that the Socialist Party in Wisconsin, in fact, flourished. Working with Republicans, the Socialists were instrumental in passing progressive legislation into the 1930s. Nathan Finney and Mazie Hough examine the shifting relationships between women and state. Finney, winner of the 2021 SHGAPE Graduate Student Essay Prize, shows how North Carolinian women’s organizations leveraged their work in the First World War’s homefront mobilization to claim a role in governance and to push women’s concerns forward in politics. When the war emergency ended, though, women found themselves once more excluded from formal politics, highlighting the volatile relationship between women and formal government. Hough examines the state’s growing control of women’s behavior in Maine between 1877 and 1917. Looking at sentences of women accused of infanticide, Hough finds that the state increasingly ignored local women’s explanatory testimony, pushed aside local preference for leniency, and marshalled urban professional opinion to dictate the parameters of women’s lives. Finally, Benjamin Wetzel shows how a Unionist memory of the Civil War proved a durable and effective tool into the twentieth century. As both historian and politician, Theodore Roosevelt eschewed the reconcilliationist narrative. He held firm to the Unionist narrative of the war, and he used the Unionists’ narrative to promote the political causes with which he is most closely associated: American empire, New Nationalism, and American entry into World War I. We conclude the issue, as always, with a wide-ranging collection of book reviews.","PeriodicalId":43534,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41436570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.1017/S1537781422000627
Benjamin J. Wetzel
Abstract The meaning of the Civil War, America’s most violent experience, continued to be debated well into the Gilded Age and Progressive Era. The long shadow cast by David Blight’s influential Race and Reunion: The Civil War in American Memory (2001) has meant that debates about the impact and prevalence of reconciliationist rhetoric dominate the literature. This paper adds to a growing body of scholarship that questions the reconciliationist narrative and stresses instead the partisan understanding of the Civil War still prevalent into the twentieth century. In particular, this article uses Theodore Roosevelt’s “memory” of the Civil War to explore the linkages between the Civil War Era and the Age of Empire. It makes two arguments: 1) that in an era when a “reconciliationist” understanding of the Civil War was becoming more prominent, more often than not Roosevelt used his voice as a historian and political figure to assert a “Unionist” interpretation; and 2) that Roosevelt used this memory of the Civil War to advocate for three specific political causes: American empire, the New Nationalism, and American entry into World War I. The paper’s argument and historiographical intervention help scholars of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era to re-imagine the role of Civil War memory in the half century following Appomattox Courthouse.
摘要内战是美国最暴力的经历，其含义一直争论到镀金时代和进步时代。大卫·布利特（David Blight）颇具影响力的《种族与重聚：美国记忆中的内战》（Race and Reunion:The Civil War in American Memory，2001）给文学蒙上了长长的阴影，这意味着关于和解主义言论的影响和流行的辩论主导了文学。这篇论文增加了越来越多的学者对和解主义叙事的质疑，并强调了对内战的党派理解，这种理解一直盛行到二十世纪。特别是，本文利用西奥多·罗斯福对内战的“记忆”来探讨内战时代与帝国时代之间的联系。它提出了两个论点：1）在一个对内战的“和解主义”理解越来越突出的时代，罗斯福经常用他作为历史学家和政治人物的声音来断言“统一主义”的解释；（2）罗斯福利用对内战的记忆来倡导三个具体的政治原因：美利坚帝国、新民族主义和美国加入第一次世界大战。本文的论点和史学干预有助于镀金时代和进步时代的学者重新想象内战记忆在阿波马托克斯法院之后的半个世纪中的作用。
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Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.1017/s1537781422000718
Jeffrey O'Leary
{"title":"Musician on Patrol: How Chicago’s Chief of Police Saved Irish Music","authors":"Jeffrey O'Leary","doi":"10.1017/s1537781422000718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1537781422000718","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43534,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47544152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.1017/S1537781422000603
Joshua Kluever
Abstract Throughout the 1920s and early 1930s, Socialists in Wisconsin experienced a “golden age” of political successes in the state legislature. Whereas the 1920s are commonly seen as a period of socialist decline, Wisconsin Socialists entered the decade with a renewed sense of optimism. Following World War I, the Wisconsin Democratic Party collapsed as a viable political option and the Wisconsin Socialist Party found itself the second most powerful party behind the Republican Party. Wisconsin Socialists took a pragmatic approach to legislative debates and allied with progressive Republicans to defeat conservative opposition. Socialists were vital to progressive reform prior to World War I; however, the Socialist-Progressive alliance reached its full potential in the 1920s. From 1919–31, the Wisconsin legislature passed 295 Socialist-authored pieces of legislation ranging from labor demands, public utilities, and criminal justice reform. Many of the proposals resulted from negotiations between the Socialist and Progressive caucuses. The success of the Wisconsin Socialists—and their alliance with progressive Republicans—suggests that at least in some places the Progressive Era extended into the 1920s.
{"title":"The Golden Age of Pragmatic Socialism: Wisconsin Socialists at the State Level, 1919–37","authors":"Joshua Kluever","doi":"10.1017/S1537781422000603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537781422000603","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Throughout the 1920s and early 1930s, Socialists in Wisconsin experienced a “golden age” of political successes in the state legislature. Whereas the 1920s are commonly seen as a period of socialist decline, Wisconsin Socialists entered the decade with a renewed sense of optimism. Following World War I, the Wisconsin Democratic Party collapsed as a viable political option and the Wisconsin Socialist Party found itself the second most powerful party behind the Republican Party. Wisconsin Socialists took a pragmatic approach to legislative debates and allied with progressive Republicans to defeat conservative opposition. Socialists were vital to progressive reform prior to World War I; however, the Socialist-Progressive alliance reached its full potential in the 1920s. From 1919–31, the Wisconsin legislature passed 295 Socialist-authored pieces of legislation ranging from labor demands, public utilities, and criminal justice reform. Many of the proposals resulted from negotiations between the Socialist and Progressive caucuses. The success of the Wisconsin Socialists—and their alliance with progressive Republicans—suggests that at least in some places the Progressive Era extended into the 1920s.","PeriodicalId":43534,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46232948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.1017/s1537781422000688
Nora Ellen Carleson
In Dressed for Freedom: The Fashionable Politics of American Feminism, Einav Rabinovitch-Fox provides a compelling exploration into how American feminists used fashion and fashionability as tools to advance their missions across the long twentieth century. In so doing, the author adds to a growing body of scholarship underscoring the significance of fashion, clothing, and dress in providing new insights into the past while simultaneously challenging the myth of the antifashion feminist. A strength of Dressed for Freedom is its use of interdisciplinary methodologies to tell political, social, and cultural history. One of the best of these methodological approaches is the author’s use of the body: the author reinforces the importance and implications of the connection between fashion and the body throughout the text. Whether discussing health, race, liberation, or work, the body wearing the clothes often plays as significant a role as the fashion itself. Anothermethodological strength is the author’s use of visual and material culture. Though at times this evidence tends to be more illustrative than evidentiary, the images support the text and strike a refreshing balance between iconic and novel. Over the course of five chapters, Rabinovitch-Fox expands on well-known tropes of American feminists: the NewWoman, suffragists, flappers, the postwar working woman, and the radical feminists of the 1960s and 1970s. While such a choice of figures is unsurprising, the author complicates expected narratives by centering fashion as an everyday feminist practice affecting all women. While acknowledging fashion’s problematic nature, Rabinovitch-Fox shows how women—white and Black, elite and working class, “old stock” and immigrant, liberal and conservative, working and not—all found strategies to express politics and challenge racist, gendered, and classist beliefs through fashion.
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Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.1017/s1537781422000640
{"title":"JGA volume 22 issue 2 Cover and Back matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s1537781422000640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1537781422000640","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43534,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46498734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.1017/s1537781422000639
{"title":"JGA volume 22 issue 2 Cover and Front matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s1537781422000639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1537781422000639","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43534,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45726938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.1017/S1537781422000731
Ann M. Vlock
In The People ’ s Revolt: Texas Populists and the Roots of American Liberalism , Gregg Cantrell convincingly links the Populism of the late nineteenth century to the later development of American liberalism. Focusing on Populists ’ advocacy of government intervention, notions of equality, and support for an educated and empowered citizenry, Cantrell argues for the history of the Texas People ’ s Party as a crucial transition point in American political history. Citing everything from Lyndon Johnson ’ s Populist genealogy to Barack Obama ’ s campaign for a national healthcare bill, Cantrell roots liberal princi-ples within the Populists ’ earlier political insurgency. Conscious of the resurgence of the term “ populism ” in reference to contemporary right-wing movements, Cantrell further explains how the word has evolved to reflect a style of politics rather than any coherent ideology or definable political platform. A welcome addition to the literature on Populism and to reform movements more generally, Cantrell ’ s work offers clear insights into the history of Populism. The
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Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.1017/s1537781422000676
J. Wells
{"title":"German Texans and Farmer-Labor Radicalism","authors":"J. Wells","doi":"10.1017/s1537781422000676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1537781422000676","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43534,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49449065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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