Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.1177/1326365X19881256
M. Dutta
I am sitting here at what is a 2-day workshop on the ‘Asian turn’ in the Enchanted City.1 The conversations, one after another, turn to Asia, the Asia that is the source of revival. The celebratory rhetoric of the workshop makes visible the carnivalesque spirit around the ‘return’ of Asia. Here, to turn is to ‘re-turn’. What imaginaries of Asia are we returning to is a question that I am left wondering, uncomfortable with the wave of de-westernization that seems all too oblivious to the vast underbelly of the globalization politics within Asia that is dialectically intertwined with the story of the Asian re-turn. The stories of revivalism, Silk Roads and Asian maritime flows are euphemistically placed alongside the contemporary story of capital, seeing in these maps of the past the possibilities for the future. (Enchanted City, field notes from the ‘Asian turn’ panel and dates removed to protect confidentiality)
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Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.1177/1326365X19881515
Mohammad Ala-Uddin
Sustainability is a catchphrase in contemporary theory and practice of international development. It has become an epicentre of development debate following the adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015 by the United Nations (UN). Many view the new set of goals as a significant step in the field of development, but scholars and practitioners still grapple with reaching a consensus on a common definition of sustainability. This article problematizes the notion and theoretical underpinning of sustainability. The author focusses on the discursive practices that played a dominant role in shaping the conception of sustainability, especially within the formation of the SDGs. Using the three-dimensional analytical framework of discourse studies outlined by Fairclough (1995, Critical discourse analysis, Boston, MA: Addison Wesley), the author interprets the text of the SDGs at micro level (discourse), meso level (discursive practices) and macro level (discursive events).
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Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.1177/1326365x19886980
J. Ascroft
This issue of the 'Asia Pacific Media Educator' is dedicated to Professor Joseph Ascroft, who served as the mentor for several authors in this issue. Professor Emeritus Joseph Raymond Ascroft was born in 1934 in Blantyre, Malawi to John and Frances Ascroft. His childhood saw him move with his parents and sister, Clare to Rhodesia (Zimbabwe), before travelling to Cape Town, South Africa, at age 12 years where he spent the next 10 years furthering his education. During his first year of university at The University of Cape Town, apartheid was introduced; he was not allowed to pursue his dream of studying to become an architect, and instead he graduated with a degree in social work, one of the few subjects available to a coloured man at that time.
本期“亚太媒体教育家”献给约瑟夫·阿斯克罗夫特教授，他曾担任本期几位作者的导师。名誉教授Joseph Raymond Ascroft 1934年出生于马拉维布兰太尔，父母是John和Frances Ascroft。童年时，他与父母和妹妹克莱尔搬到了罗德西亚（津巴布韦），12岁时前往南非开普敦，在那里度过了接下来的10年，继续接受教育。在开普敦大学的第一年里，种族隔离制度被引入；他没有被允许追求成为一名建筑师的梦想，相反，他毕业时获得了社会工作学位，这是当时有色人种为数不多的科目之一。
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Pub Date : 2019-09-03DOI: 10.1177/1326365X19864477
Jharna Brahma, Vinod Pavarala, V. Belavadi
This article examines Forum Theatre as a form of participatory communication for social change. Based on an ethnographic study of Jana Sanskriti ( JS), a Forum Theatre group working for over three decades in the eastern Indian state of West Bengal, this article seeks to show how this form of theatre, developed by the Brazilian activist Augusto Boal, subverts the passivity inherent in the communicator–receiver model of the dominant paradigm by activating the critical consciousness of the spectator and triggering a process of social change through dialogue and discussion. JS has been using Forum Theatre to address some of the deeply entrenched social norms in rural West Bengal, including those related to patriarchy, child marriage, domestic violence, and maternal and child health related issues, by extending Boal’s notion of the ‘spect-actor’ to encourage the spectators to become ‘spect-activists’, who then are engaged in community-level work on social change. We suggest that this form of communication is clearly bottom-up, radically participatory, community-based and led by the oppressed, as has been advocated by several scholars working on communication for social change.
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Pub Date : 2019-08-28DOI: 10.1177/1326365X19864476
Bridget Backhaus
Community radio’s relationship with the farming communities has a long history in India. The earliest successful experiments in community broadcasting involved both farmers and agriculture. In terms of development communication, community radio in India represents a confluence of somewhat conflicting paradigms. While community radio is generally presented as a highly democratic, participatory medium, the way it is operationalized in India more closely aligns with the modernization/diffusion paradigm. In 1976, Joseph Ascroft observed the phenomenon of ‘interpersonal diffusion’ among farmers, whereby for each farmer trained in new techniques, three more would adopt the innovations. While this ‘interpersonal diffusion’ was by no means perfect, it was illustrative of the complex communication networks involved in the diffusion process. It also hints towards the ways in which community radio can act as a facilitator of these processes; as somewhat of an intersection between diffusion and participatory communication. Drawing on ethnographically inspired qualitative research conducted at a rural community radio station in South India, this article explores the role of community radio at the intersections of participatory development and diffusion. This article argues that community radio facilitates the sharing of technical information and innovations among farmers and contributes to amplifying existing knowledge communication systems. The implications of this article suggest that a focus on existing local knowledge communication and transfer systems could contribute to achieving broader development outcomes and further situating the role of community radio within development and social change initiatives.
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Pub Date : 2019-08-27DOI: 10.1177/1326365x19865388
Alan S. Brody
The author studied 6 years with Professor Joe Ascroft at the University of Iowa on a team defining principles of Development Support Communication (DSC, now widely called C4D). In 1984, he returned to the world of development practice and a 22-year career with UNICEF. The article describes his first assignment in Nigeria using an innovative communication strategy to speed the adoption of oral rehydration therapy for treatment of diarrhoea and dehydration. It also summarizes subsequent work that applied perspectives and expertise in communication to UNICEF’s challenges to further child rights: involving pharmacists as promoters of oral rehydration, and helping to launch the global ‘Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative’ in Turkey; formulating a strategy to apply national mass campaign approaches pioneered in global vaccination initiatives to reduce pneumonia deaths in Central Asia; working on emergency programmes in the ‘failed state’ of Afghanistan; building support and understanding of child rights in China, along with strengthening decentralized capacities to monitor progress towards World Summit for Children goals and targets; and as UNICEF Representative in Swaziland tackling challenges of one of the world’s worst HIV and AIDS crises. He provides seven key ideas and principles—drawn from ‘DSC Iowa Style’—that guided his development work over those years.
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Pub Date : 2019-07-24DOI: 10.1177/1326365X19856139
H. Steeves, J. Kwami
This essay, an example of work that builds on Dr. Ascroft’s lessons, reports collaborative research on information and communication technologies for development (ICT4D) in Ghana. We highlight two parallel dialogues—on ICT and on gender—that have been advanced globally. New ICTs are prone to the same biases as the older ICTs. Further, the dialogue on ICTs may use the rhetoric of inclusivity; but in practice, women and girls remain at the margins of decision-making and implementation. This research addresses the promise of new ICTs and the need to account for gender roles. We summarize the major events that helped spark global and regional attention to ICT4D, as well as Ghana’s initiatives in relation to these events. We include critiques and initiatives resistant to facets of ICT4D, emphasizing gender critiques.
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Pub Date : 2019-07-11DOI: 10.1177/1326365X19857010
A. Singhal, P. Svenkerud
The classical diffusion of the innovations paradigm has faced criticism for reifying outside-in, expert-driven approaches to solving problems and for overlooking and rejecting local solutions. In this article, we argue that diffusion scholars should pay more attention to approaches such as positive deviance (PD) that enable communities to discover the wisdom they already have and then to act on it. PD is an asset-based approach that identifies what is going right in a community to amplify it, as opposed to focusing on what is going wrong in a community and fixing it with outside expertise. In the PD approach, the change is led by internal change agents who, with access to no special resources, present the social behavioural proof to their peers that problems can be solved. Given that the solutions are generated locally, they are more likely to sustain and be owned by potential adopters.
{"title":"Flipping the Diffusion of Innovations Paradigm: Embracing the Positive Deviance Approach to Social Change","authors":"A. Singhal, P. Svenkerud","doi":"10.1177/1326365X19857010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1326365X19857010","url":null,"abstract":"The classical diffusion of the innovations paradigm has faced criticism for reifying outside-in, expert-driven approaches to solving problems and for overlooking and rejecting local solutions. In this article, we argue that diffusion scholars should pay more attention to approaches such as positive deviance (PD) that enable communities to discover the wisdom they already have and then to act on it. PD is an asset-based approach that identifies what is going right in a community to amplify it, as opposed to focusing on what is going wrong in a community and fixing it with outside expertise. In the PD approach, the change is led by internal change agents who, with access to no special resources, present the social behavioural proof to their peers that problems can be solved. Given that the solutions are generated locally, they are more likely to sustain and be owned by potential adopters.","PeriodicalId":43557,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific Media Educator","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1326365X19857010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49195226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-24DOI: 10.1177/1326365X19836297
Devina Sarwatay
Shakuntala Rao (Ed.), Indian Journalism in a New Era: Changes, Challenges, and Perspectives. New Delhi, India: Oxford University Press, 2019, 396 pp., ₹995 (hbk). ISBN 9780199490820.
{"title":"Book review: Shakuntala Rao (Ed.), Indian Journalism in a New Era: Changes, Challenges, and Perspectives","authors":"Devina Sarwatay","doi":"10.1177/1326365X19836297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1326365X19836297","url":null,"abstract":"Shakuntala Rao (Ed.), Indian Journalism in a New Era: Changes, Challenges, and Perspectives. New Delhi, India: Oxford University Press, 2019, 396 pp., ₹995 (hbk). ISBN 9780199490820.","PeriodicalId":43557,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific Media Educator","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1326365X19836297","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42778503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-24DOI: 10.1177/1326365X19844853
V. Sukmayadi
Democratization in communication is the starting point for mass media in achieving a prosperous information society. However, building an ideal democratic role of media is not trouble free. The incredible pace of the development of media industry in Indonesia in the last two decades poses at least two main threats to media consumers. First, the growth of the media industry in Indonesia has been driven by capital interests that lead to media oligopoly. Second, the integration of conventional media and the internet and social media technology place our society information flow on a stranglehold. The media consolidation gives the audience an illusion of information choice without realizing that actually they are losing their rights for reliable information. Hence, an upgrade of media literacy skill and a proper media policy are needed to cope with the current fast-paced world.
{"title":"The Dynamics of Media Landscape and Media Policy in Indonesia","authors":"V. Sukmayadi","doi":"10.1177/1326365X19844853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1326365X19844853","url":null,"abstract":"Democratization in communication is the starting point for mass media in achieving a prosperous information society. However, building an ideal democratic role of media is not trouble free. The incredible pace of the development of media industry in Indonesia in the last two decades poses at least two main threats to media consumers. First, the growth of the media industry in Indonesia has been driven by capital interests that lead to media oligopoly. Second, the integration of conventional media and the internet and social media technology place our society information flow on a stranglehold. The media consolidation gives the audience an illusion of information choice without realizing that actually they are losing their rights for reliable information. Hence, an upgrade of media literacy skill and a proper media policy are needed to cope with the current fast-paced world.","PeriodicalId":43557,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific Media Educator","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1326365X19844853","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44088742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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