{"title":"Theology, Tragedy, and Farce: Protestants and Conservatism from the Puritans to the Proud Boys","authors":"P. Harvey","doi":"10.1353/rah.2022.0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/rah.2022.0035","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43597,"journal":{"name":"REVIEWS IN AMERICAN HISTORY","volume":"50 1","pages":"335 - 345"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49001273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"\"As characteristic an institution in America as the church was three hundred years ago\": New Perspectives on Higher Education's Past and Present","authors":"E. Shermer","doi":"10.1353/rah.2022.0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/rah.2022.0034","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43597,"journal":{"name":"REVIEWS IN AMERICAN HISTORY","volume":"50 1","pages":"324 - 334"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45339565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ex-Wives and the Welfare State","authors":"L. Gutterman","doi":"10.1353/rah.2022.0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/rah.2022.0038","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43597,"journal":{"name":"REVIEWS IN AMERICAN HISTORY","volume":"50 1","pages":"353 - 360"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48744177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
You pick up one of those glossy technology magazines, the kind that “bring you the future.” There’s a feature about a planned Mission to Mars. Expectations are electric; it’s finally happening. The talk is all of new worlds and new life forms. It’s the greatest scientific story of the age—or any age. Sure enough, a few months later, you read about the voyage. It’s an incredible tale. The mission lost its way and was almost completely wiped out, several of the crew perishing en route. The survivors managed to reach Mars, however, and explore the planet’s surface, and were dazzled by the marvels and aliens they found there. But the mission ended in mystery when the crew encountered a bizarre, almost mystical force: either some kind of meteorological phenomenon or, according to some, even an apparition. No one can explain what happened. It’s a miracle anyone survived to tell the tale. A few weeks later, you learn that the narrative you read was a complete and utter fabrication. Of course it was. Yet your mind is still spinning from the stories you read and you’re still thinking: what if? Edgar Allan Poe pulled a stunt very like this in the early nineteenth century, not about a trip to Mars, but concerning the United States Exploring Expedition to the Pacific, authorized by President Andrew Jackson. Strangely, Poe first promoted the “Ex Ex” as a serious scientific endeavor in the pages of the Southern Literary Messenger. Poe worked as the Messenger’s scientific correspondent, reviewing new science and technology for the American reading public. In 1838, however, he published the Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym, an anonymous travel saga that essentially imagined what happened on the Ex Ex as a tale of the supernatural—even before the expedition sailed—subverting the very idea of rational scientific exploration in the process with a story about the incomprehensibility of nature. John Tresch’s The Reason for the Darkness of the Night explores this contradiction in Poe’s engagement with science: the earnest scientific popularizer was also a visionary prankster. The same man who brought antebellum readers
{"title":"Antebellum Tech Bro","authors":"James Delbourgo","doi":"10.1353/rah.2022.0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/rah.2022.0029","url":null,"abstract":"You pick up one of those glossy technology magazines, the kind that “bring you the future.” There’s a feature about a planned Mission to Mars. Expectations are electric; it’s finally happening. The talk is all of new worlds and new life forms. It’s the greatest scientific story of the age—or any age. Sure enough, a few months later, you read about the voyage. It’s an incredible tale. The mission lost its way and was almost completely wiped out, several of the crew perishing en route. The survivors managed to reach Mars, however, and explore the planet’s surface, and were dazzled by the marvels and aliens they found there. But the mission ended in mystery when the crew encountered a bizarre, almost mystical force: either some kind of meteorological phenomenon or, according to some, even an apparition. No one can explain what happened. It’s a miracle anyone survived to tell the tale. A few weeks later, you learn that the narrative you read was a complete and utter fabrication. Of course it was. Yet your mind is still spinning from the stories you read and you’re still thinking: what if? Edgar Allan Poe pulled a stunt very like this in the early nineteenth century, not about a trip to Mars, but concerning the United States Exploring Expedition to the Pacific, authorized by President Andrew Jackson. Strangely, Poe first promoted the “Ex Ex” as a serious scientific endeavor in the pages of the Southern Literary Messenger. Poe worked as the Messenger’s scientific correspondent, reviewing new science and technology for the American reading public. In 1838, however, he published the Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym, an anonymous travel saga that essentially imagined what happened on the Ex Ex as a tale of the supernatural—even before the expedition sailed—subverting the very idea of rational scientific exploration in the process with a story about the incomprehensibility of nature. John Tresch’s The Reason for the Darkness of the Night explores this contradiction in Poe’s engagement with science: the earnest scientific popularizer was also a visionary prankster. The same man who brought antebellum readers","PeriodicalId":43597,"journal":{"name":"REVIEWS IN AMERICAN HISTORY","volume":"50 1","pages":"276 - 282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41856204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Owen Stanwood’s examination of the Huguenot refuge follows the historiographical trend of placing events, once viewed mainly as European, in a global context. Many studies have examined the impact of the Huguenots in specific national contexts in Europe: Switzerland, the Netherlands, the German states, and England. Others have focused on the Huguenot diaspora in specific regions of overseas empires, including the American colonies and South Africa.1 Edited volumes have addressed the issue of integration by including nationor colony-specific articles but offer little direct comparison.2 Another approach that does move beyond national borders has been analyses of Huguenot networks, such as financial, mercantile, or familial networks.3 Stanwood integrates these approaches into an account that emphasizes the connections among the Huguenots “on the edges of empire” as well as within Europe. Stanwood sets his research in the context of an age of overseas expansion and mercantilism, one in which religious tensions informed international rivalries. His argument compliments recent revisionist examinations of the Refuge by challenging the image created by the Huguenots themselves, one that portrays them as emigrating primarily for religious reasons.4 He argues that empire builders, particularly the Dutch and English, were, indeed, horrified by the persecution of fellow Protestants and saw the Huguenots as victims. But he also demonstrates that they viewed the French refugees as industrious workers who could people and develop their overseas empires, particularly by producing wine and silk. The Huguenots promoted themselves as God’s chosen as shown by their resistance to intolerance, but were far from responding only to religious imperatives, because they needed powerful patrons to survive. Driven by pragmatism, they also styled themselves as people with special skills in order to attract patrons. Stanwood argues against the idea, promoted in later memory, that the Huguenots were simply martyrs for religious liberty. Instead, he suggests they had had multiple motives as they parlayed their international mercantile and family ties across the globe to survive in an age of empire.
{"title":"The Huguenot Global Diaspora","authors":"Rebecca Mccoy","doi":"10.1353/rah.2022.0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/rah.2022.0027","url":null,"abstract":"Owen Stanwood’s examination of the Huguenot refuge follows the historiographical trend of placing events, once viewed mainly as European, in a global context. Many studies have examined the impact of the Huguenots in specific national contexts in Europe: Switzerland, the Netherlands, the German states, and England. Others have focused on the Huguenot diaspora in specific regions of overseas empires, including the American colonies and South Africa.1 Edited volumes have addressed the issue of integration by including nationor colony-specific articles but offer little direct comparison.2 Another approach that does move beyond national borders has been analyses of Huguenot networks, such as financial, mercantile, or familial networks.3 Stanwood integrates these approaches into an account that emphasizes the connections among the Huguenots “on the edges of empire” as well as within Europe. Stanwood sets his research in the context of an age of overseas expansion and mercantilism, one in which religious tensions informed international rivalries. His argument compliments recent revisionist examinations of the Refuge by challenging the image created by the Huguenots themselves, one that portrays them as emigrating primarily for religious reasons.4 He argues that empire builders, particularly the Dutch and English, were, indeed, horrified by the persecution of fellow Protestants and saw the Huguenots as victims. But he also demonstrates that they viewed the French refugees as industrious workers who could people and develop their overseas empires, particularly by producing wine and silk. The Huguenots promoted themselves as God’s chosen as shown by their resistance to intolerance, but were far from responding only to religious imperatives, because they needed powerful patrons to survive. Driven by pragmatism, they also styled themselves as people with special skills in order to attract patrons. Stanwood argues against the idea, promoted in later memory, that the Huguenots were simply martyrs for religious liberty. Instead, he suggests they had had multiple motives as they parlayed their international mercantile and family ties across the globe to survive in an age of empire.","PeriodicalId":43597,"journal":{"name":"REVIEWS IN AMERICAN HISTORY","volume":"50 1","pages":"257 - 263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47914424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
from an Indigenous space to an American-dominated state. Tyler reveals that these important issues shaped the state’s legal and political history and explores the consequences of these early policies for the subsequent demographics of the state that continue to resonate in the present day
{"title":"Leveraging Whiteness in Settler Colonial Oregon","authors":"L. Wadewitz","doi":"10.1353/rah.2022.0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/rah.2022.0037","url":null,"abstract":"from an Indigenous space to an American-dominated state. Tyler reveals that these important issues shaped the state’s legal and political history and explores the consequences of these early policies for the subsequent demographics of the state that continue to resonate in the present day","PeriodicalId":43597,"journal":{"name":"REVIEWS IN AMERICAN HISTORY","volume":"50 1","pages":"310 - 316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47977249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 2007, Richard S. Newman introduced a group of essays in the William and Mary Quarterly under the rubric of “Black Founders in the New Republic.” He argued that the relatively neglected first generations of antislavery activists and community leaders like Richard Allen deserved that title at least as much as the white founding fathers who had been experiencing a revival in popular narratives and some scholarly circles. Calling them Black founders, Newman implied, would help historians appreciate the “spectrum of thought and activism” they displayed even as figures like Allen and Benjamin Banneker alternately claimed and challenged Washington and Jefferson. The analogy of founding fathers, as a generation and an array of leaders who theorized and strategized and organized, might even gain them some of the attention and veneration that white founders had been afforded in a spate of bestsellers.1 At the time I remember thinking at the time that applying “founders” lingo to African Americans in the early republic risked letting what I and others had been calling “Founders Chic” off the hook. It begged the question of the relationship between white and Black founders and thus obscured the question of the relationship of slavery and of African Americans to the larger narrative of U.S. history. It also might bury the increasingly evident historiographical relationship between the two topics, slavery and the founding of the United States, which was not so much one of an emerging opportunity for African American history as a backlash to it—for it seemed obvious that increased attention to slavery and Black histories, especially in the form of Sally Hemings, had itself sent some historians into impassioned searches for still-heroic, still “revolutionary” founders (first Adams, then Washington, then Franklin, later Hamilton) whose antislavery credentials had been newly exaggerated.2 Perhaps I needn’t have worried so much. There proved to be plenty, perhaps all too many, other ways to keep those tensions in focus—and even on the front page.
{"title":"Does Whiggish Founderism Work for Black or Cultural History?","authors":"D. Waldstreicher","doi":"10.1353/rah.2022.0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/rah.2022.0026","url":null,"abstract":"In 2007, Richard S. Newman introduced a group of essays in the William and Mary Quarterly under the rubric of “Black Founders in the New Republic.” He argued that the relatively neglected first generations of antislavery activists and community leaders like Richard Allen deserved that title at least as much as the white founding fathers who had been experiencing a revival in popular narratives and some scholarly circles. Calling them Black founders, Newman implied, would help historians appreciate the “spectrum of thought and activism” they displayed even as figures like Allen and Benjamin Banneker alternately claimed and challenged Washington and Jefferson. The analogy of founding fathers, as a generation and an array of leaders who theorized and strategized and organized, might even gain them some of the attention and veneration that white founders had been afforded in a spate of bestsellers.1 At the time I remember thinking at the time that applying “founders” lingo to African Americans in the early republic risked letting what I and others had been calling “Founders Chic” off the hook. It begged the question of the relationship between white and Black founders and thus obscured the question of the relationship of slavery and of African Americans to the larger narrative of U.S. history. It also might bury the increasingly evident historiographical relationship between the two topics, slavery and the founding of the United States, which was not so much one of an emerging opportunity for African American history as a backlash to it—for it seemed obvious that increased attention to slavery and Black histories, especially in the form of Sally Hemings, had itself sent some historians into impassioned searches for still-heroic, still “revolutionary” founders (first Adams, then Washington, then Franklin, later Hamilton) whose antislavery credentials had been newly exaggerated.2 Perhaps I needn’t have worried so much. There proved to be plenty, perhaps all too many, other ways to keep those tensions in focus—and even on the front page.","PeriodicalId":43597,"journal":{"name":"REVIEWS IN AMERICAN HISTORY","volume":"50 1","pages":"249 - 256"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47087048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Changing Perspectives on the Third World: Kennedy, Johnson, and Nixon, 1961-1975","authors":"Benjamin E. Varat","doi":"10.1353/rah.2022.0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/rah.2022.0036","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43597,"journal":{"name":"REVIEWS IN AMERICAN HISTORY","volume":"50 1","pages":"346 - 352"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45466669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Ordeal of Reunion: Magnanimous Peace or Prelude to Violence at Appomattox?","authors":"Erik J. Chaput","doi":"10.1353/rah.2022.0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/rah.2022.0031","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43597,"journal":{"name":"REVIEWS IN AMERICAN HISTORY","volume":"50 1","pages":"293 - 299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46140306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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