Like the larger subject of Christianity’s role in antebellum and wartime American political and cultural discourse that they share, neither of these important monographs is uncomplicated. In broad strokes, the authors of both works succeed in adding depth and specificity to premises that most students of nineteenth-century American history already grant. At its heart, Ben Wright’s contention in Bonds of Salvation: How Christianity Inspired and Limited Abolitionism is that opposing and incompatible understandings of what their faith required of them in converting the world to the gospel led some Christian denominationalists to abide, and others to attack, American slavery. The notion that religion often serves different masters in common ideological contests is anything but new. Still, Wright’s detailed exploration of the designs and organizational efforts of American antislavery gradualists, colonizers, abolitionists, and southern advocators who alike claimed the mantle of their Christian faith as motivation reminds us that context must always play a leading role in efforts to historicize the religious debate over slavery. Likewise, James P. Byrd’s hypothesis in A Holy Baptism of Fire and Blood: The Bible and the American Civil War seems self-evident when stated in its simplest form. Christians of the Civil War era believed in the literalness of scripture, Byrd contends, and consequently used the Bible to support their actions in every area of their lives. Only after reading Byrd’s skillfully crafted study that combines discerning analysis with abundant quantification do the nuances, contestations, and contradictions of privileging the Bible as an agent of causation and/or justification become clear.
{"title":"Word and Bond in the Antebellum and Civil War Eras","authors":"Timothy L. Wesley","doi":"10.1353/rah.2022.0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/rah.2022.0030","url":null,"abstract":"Like the larger subject of Christianity’s role in antebellum and wartime American political and cultural discourse that they share, neither of these important monographs is uncomplicated. In broad strokes, the authors of both works succeed in adding depth and specificity to premises that most students of nineteenth-century American history already grant. At its heart, Ben Wright’s contention in Bonds of Salvation: How Christianity Inspired and Limited Abolitionism is that opposing and incompatible understandings of what their faith required of them in converting the world to the gospel led some Christian denominationalists to abide, and others to attack, American slavery. The notion that religion often serves different masters in common ideological contests is anything but new. Still, Wright’s detailed exploration of the designs and organizational efforts of American antislavery gradualists, colonizers, abolitionists, and southern advocators who alike claimed the mantle of their Christian faith as motivation reminds us that context must always play a leading role in efforts to historicize the religious debate over slavery. Likewise, James P. Byrd’s hypothesis in A Holy Baptism of Fire and Blood: The Bible and the American Civil War seems self-evident when stated in its simplest form. Christians of the Civil War era believed in the literalness of scripture, Byrd contends, and consequently used the Bible to support their actions in every area of their lives. Only after reading Byrd’s skillfully crafted study that combines discerning analysis with abundant quantification do the nuances, contestations, and contradictions of privileging the Bible as an agent of causation and/or justification become clear.","PeriodicalId":43597,"journal":{"name":"REVIEWS IN AMERICAN HISTORY","volume":"50 1","pages":"283 - 292"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66355205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The New Old-School American Revolution","authors":"F. Russo","doi":"10.1353/rah.2022.0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/rah.2022.0028","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43597,"journal":{"name":"REVIEWS IN AMERICAN HISTORY","volume":"50 1","pages":"264 - 275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45233068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The South's Legacy of White Supremacy","authors":"S. Cox","doi":"10.1353/rah.2022.0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/rah.2022.0032","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43597,"journal":{"name":"REVIEWS IN AMERICAN HISTORY","volume":"50 1","pages":"300 - 309"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44134667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Having It All","authors":"Flannery Burke","doi":"10.1353/rah.2022.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/rah.2022.0023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43597,"journal":{"name":"REVIEWS IN AMERICAN HISTORY","volume":"50 1","pages":"208 - 216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44463661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In studying change over time, historians have tended to pay more attention to the former than the latter. Since the mid-twentieth century, and especially in recent decades, a rich interdisciplinary scholarship has investigated the histories of timekeepers and time standards, diaries, calendars, Sabbath observances, commemorations, “free” and labor time, as well as the science, philosophy, and art of time. Yet instead of establishing an independent identity, the history of time has mostly surfaced across disparate subfields, in the guise of the history of technology, labor, leisure, religion, memory, material and visual culture.1 Conversely, history remains notably less represented than other disciplines in interdisciplinary venues for time studies, such as the Temporal Belongings network and the journal Time and Society. One impediment to a more coherent history of time is the subject’s inherent difficulty. Time is a frustratingly fluid and ambiguous concept, even in comparison with other social constructions. Time exists at a multitude of seemingly incommensurate scales, complicating the scholarly synthesis of everyday mechanical timekeeping with more purely ideological temporal conceptions,
{"title":"Objects and Rituals of Time in the Nineteenth-Century United States","authors":"Justin T. Clark","doi":"10.1353/rah.2022.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/rah.2022.0020","url":null,"abstract":"In studying change over time, historians have tended to pay more attention to the former than the latter. Since the mid-twentieth century, and especially in recent decades, a rich interdisciplinary scholarship has investigated the histories of timekeepers and time standards, diaries, calendars, Sabbath observances, commemorations, “free” and labor time, as well as the science, philosophy, and art of time. Yet instead of establishing an independent identity, the history of time has mostly surfaced across disparate subfields, in the guise of the history of technology, labor, leisure, religion, memory, material and visual culture.1 Conversely, history remains notably less represented than other disciplines in interdisciplinary venues for time studies, such as the Temporal Belongings network and the journal Time and Society. One impediment to a more coherent history of time is the subject’s inherent difficulty. Time is a frustratingly fluid and ambiguous concept, even in comparison with other social constructions. Time exists at a multitude of seemingly incommensurate scales, complicating the scholarly synthesis of everyday mechanical timekeeping with more purely ideological temporal conceptions,","PeriodicalId":43597,"journal":{"name":"REVIEWS IN AMERICAN HISTORY","volume":"50 1","pages":"183 - 194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44793773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"American Vanguardism","authors":"M. Stanley","doi":"10.1353/rah.2022.0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/rah.2022.0018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43597,"journal":{"name":"REVIEWS IN AMERICAN HISTORY","volume":"50 1","pages":"168 - 176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44853215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Not since the late 1950s and early 1960s have Americans heard as much about a right-wing fringe as they have in the six years since the election of Donald Trump. Just to name a few examples in what turned out to be a parade of horrors: in 2017, white supremacist groups attacked peaceful advocates of racial equality in Charlottesville, North Carolina, killing one. An anti-Semitic extremist killed 11 people at a synagogue in Pittsburgh in 2018. In 2019, a xenophobic white-supremacist targeted Latinos, murdering 23 people in El Paso, Texas. And a coalition of right-wing extremists coordinated and participated in the attack on the U.S. Capitol to overturn the election of President-elect Joseph Biden in 2021. Many journalists have asked “what happened to America’s political center of gravity?”1 The “menace,” they report, finally “has entered the mainstream,” as “the GOP fringe has taken over American politics.”2 If journalists and commentators expressed surprise at the power of the so-called far-right fringe, historians John Huntington and Edward Miller do not. Huntington’s Far-Right Vanguard: The Radical Roots of Modern Conservatism and Edward Miller’s A Conspiratorial Life: Robert Welch, the John Birch Society, and the Revolution of American Conservatism have located new sources—people, organizations and events long neglected or taken for granted—and their different histories converge on a compelling argument: the growing power of the American right in the late 20th century derived not from the influence of the so-called respectable right and mainstream Republican Party, but from the far right, or ultraright. The ultraright’s activists led the growth of the right in every way: they fueled the communications used to educate a wider grassroots right and a national political leadership; they peopled movement
{"title":"The Metaphor of the Fringe in the Historiography of the American Right","authors":"Jennifer Mittelstadt","doi":"10.1353/rah.2022.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/rah.2022.0025","url":null,"abstract":"Not since the late 1950s and early 1960s have Americans heard as much about a right-wing fringe as they have in the six years since the election of Donald Trump. Just to name a few examples in what turned out to be a parade of horrors: in 2017, white supremacist groups attacked peaceful advocates of racial equality in Charlottesville, North Carolina, killing one. An anti-Semitic extremist killed 11 people at a synagogue in Pittsburgh in 2018. In 2019, a xenophobic white-supremacist targeted Latinos, murdering 23 people in El Paso, Texas. And a coalition of right-wing extremists coordinated and participated in the attack on the U.S. Capitol to overturn the election of President-elect Joseph Biden in 2021. Many journalists have asked “what happened to America’s political center of gravity?”1 The “menace,” they report, finally “has entered the mainstream,” as “the GOP fringe has taken over American politics.”2 If journalists and commentators expressed surprise at the power of the so-called far-right fringe, historians John Huntington and Edward Miller do not. Huntington’s Far-Right Vanguard: The Radical Roots of Modern Conservatism and Edward Miller’s A Conspiratorial Life: Robert Welch, the John Birch Society, and the Revolution of American Conservatism have located new sources—people, organizations and events long neglected or taken for granted—and their different histories converge on a compelling argument: the growing power of the American right in the late 20th century derived not from the influence of the so-called respectable right and mainstream Republican Party, but from the far right, or ultraright. The ultraright’s activists led the growth of the right in every way: they fueled the communications used to educate a wider grassroots right and a national political leadership; they peopled movement","PeriodicalId":43597,"journal":{"name":"REVIEWS IN AMERICAN HISTORY","volume":"50 1","pages":"226 - 247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43341015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"People in Cold Storage: The Cruel Limbos of Historical and Current Detainees in the United States","authors":"Lorin Flores","doi":"10.1353/rah.2022.0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/rah.2022.0024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43597,"journal":{"name":"REVIEWS IN AMERICAN HISTORY","volume":"50 1","pages":"217 - 225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45841377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Border History is Indigenous History","authors":"Ryan Hall","doi":"10.1353/rah.2022.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/rah.2022.0017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43597,"journal":{"name":"REVIEWS IN AMERICAN HISTORY","volume":"50 1","pages":"160 - 167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44486927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Trials, Travels, and Triumphs of the ADAMS Family","authors":"Lindsay M. Chervinsky","doi":"10.1353/rah.2022.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/rah.2022.0014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43597,"journal":{"name":"REVIEWS IN AMERICAN HISTORY","volume":"50 1","pages":"123 - 135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42696478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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