The article presents an analysis of a widespread disorder in recent years the syndrome of night eating (SLEEP). The trajectory of the behavioral pattern of patients with this disorder is described. The criteria for distinguishing eating disorders in sleep (somnambulistic eating) are shown from the night food syndrome. The biological, psychological and social factors influencing and supporting the night eating syndrome are differentiated. Based on the biobehavioral model of A. Stankards night food syndrome, the psychological model of the relationship between the attachment style and night food syndrome L. Wilkinson and the Cognitive Behavioral Model (CBT) of SLEEP K. Allison substantiates the relevance of the use of psychotherapeutic strategies in the framework of complex treatment with the use of psychopharmacotherapy and light therapy. The structural components, effectiveness, and limitations of the protocol of cognitive behavioral therapy for K. Allisons night eating syndrome are detailed. It is shown that the connection of a psychodynamic or interpersonal psychotherapeutic model to CBT allows us to focus on the role of significant other people for the mental organization of the patient, their lack or loss in the development of psychological inflexibility and linking mental distress with deficiency in the processes of emotional self-regulation.
{"title":"Cognitive-behavioral approach to the treatment of night eating syndrome","authors":"Aleksey I. Melehin","doi":"10.17816/nb108188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/nb108188","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents an analysis of a widespread disorder in recent years the syndrome of night eating (SLEEP). The trajectory of the behavioral pattern of patients with this disorder is described. The criteria for distinguishing eating disorders in sleep (somnambulistic eating) are shown from the night food syndrome. The biological, psychological and social factors influencing and supporting the night eating syndrome are differentiated. Based on the biobehavioral model of A. Stankards night food syndrome, the psychological model of the relationship between the attachment style and night food syndrome L. Wilkinson and the Cognitive Behavioral Model (CBT) of SLEEP K. Allison substantiates the relevance of the use of psychotherapeutic strategies in the framework of complex treatment with the use of psychopharmacotherapy and light therapy. The structural components, effectiveness, and limitations of the protocol of cognitive behavioral therapy for K. Allisons night eating syndrome are detailed. It is shown that the connection of a psychodynamic or interpersonal psychotherapeutic model to CBT allows us to focus on the role of significant other people for the mental organization of the patient, their lack or loss in the development of psychological inflexibility and linking mental distress with deficiency in the processes of emotional self-regulation.","PeriodicalId":436189,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Bulletin","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122865254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Serazetdinova, N. Petrova, L. Serazetdinova, Lyubov Ya. Gluskina
BACKGROUND. Currently, it is relevant to study the gender characteristics of the incidence of schizophrenia, the age of onset, the features of the clinical picture and course of the disease, the response to treatment and the tolerability of antipsychotic drugs in patients. AIM. The aim of the study was to study the clinical and functional characteristics of remission, depending on the gender of patients with schizophrenia. MATERIAL AND METHODS. 61 outpatient patients with paranoid schizophrenia (28 men and 33 women) were examined at the stage of remission of the disease. Clinical and scale assessment was carried out using the PANSS, PSP, CGI-S, DAI scales. RESULTS. There were more married women than men. Restriction of professional activity and social contacts was more often observed in male patients. Among patients without disabilities and patients with the 3rd disability group, female persons prevailed, while among patients with the 2nd disability group men. It was shown that the age of onset of the disease was significantly less in men than in women. The indicator of the severity of the disease on the CGI-S scale during remission corresponded to moderate severity in men and mild severity in women (p 0.05). The severity of residual productive and, especially, negative symptoms is greater in male patients. The level of social and everyday functioning according to PSP is higher for women than for men. Noticeable disorders prevailed in patients of both sexes, however, they were observed more often among men, while women more often than male patients had minor difficulties in certain areas of functioning. The most pronounced differences were found in the degree of impaired functioning in the behavioral sphere. The paranoid type of remission unfavorable with respect to social functioning was more often observed in men. For women, the thymopathic type of remission turned out to be the most favorable from the point of view of compliance and social functioning. Antipsychotics of the first generation were more often prescribed for the paranoid type of remission in both men and women, while therapy with antipsychotics of the second generation was associated with the most favorable remission options for both men (apathetic type) and women (thymopathic type), which correlated with a higher level of social functioning. In general, the level of social functioning was higher when prescribing second-generation antipsychotics, regardless of the gender of patients with schizophrenia. CONCLUSION. The hypothesis about the best outcome of the disease in the framework of personal and social recovery in women has been confirmed.
{"title":"Gender characteristics of schizophrenia remission","authors":"V. Serazetdinova, N. Petrova, L. Serazetdinova, Lyubov Ya. Gluskina","doi":"10.17816/nb109920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/nb109920","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND. Currently, it is relevant to study the gender characteristics of the incidence of schizophrenia, the age of onset, the features of the clinical picture and course of the disease, the response to treatment and the tolerability of antipsychotic drugs in patients. \u0000AIM. The aim of the study was to study the clinical and functional characteristics of remission, depending on the gender of patients with schizophrenia. \u0000MATERIAL AND METHODS. 61 outpatient patients with paranoid schizophrenia (28 men and 33 women) were examined at the stage of remission of the disease. Clinical and scale assessment was carried out using the PANSS, PSP, CGI-S, DAI scales. \u0000RESULTS. There were more married women than men. Restriction of professional activity and social contacts was more often observed in male patients. Among patients without disabilities and patients with the 3rd disability group, female persons prevailed, while among patients with the 2nd disability group men. It was shown that the age of onset of the disease was significantly less in men than in women. The indicator of the severity of the disease on the CGI-S scale during remission corresponded to moderate severity in men and mild severity in women (p 0.05). The severity of residual productive and, especially, negative symptoms is greater in male patients. The level of social and everyday functioning according to PSP is higher for women than for men. Noticeable disorders prevailed in patients of both sexes, however, they were observed more often among men, while women more often than male patients had minor difficulties in certain areas of functioning. The most pronounced differences were found in the degree of impaired functioning in the behavioral sphere. The paranoid type of remission unfavorable with respect to social functioning was more often observed in men. For women, the thymopathic type of remission turned out to be the most favorable from the point of view of compliance and social functioning. Antipsychotics of the first generation were more often prescribed for the paranoid type of remission in both men and women, while therapy with antipsychotics of the second generation was associated with the most favorable remission options for both men (apathetic type) and women (thymopathic type), which correlated with a higher level of social functioning. In general, the level of social functioning was higher when prescribing second-generation antipsychotics, regardless of the gender of patients with schizophrenia. \u0000CONCLUSION. The hypothesis about the best outcome of the disease in the framework of personal and social recovery in women has been confirmed.","PeriodicalId":436189,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Bulletin","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125515654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is not limited only to motor impairment, and can also manifest with cognitive and behavioral disorders. Currently these presentations of ALS are unrecognized. Hence the research of ALS variants with cognitive and behavioral impairments is necessary. AIM. To study the frequency and clinical characteristics of ALS variants with cognitive and behavioral impairments. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The patients were recruited in 20202021. All patients with definite and possible ALS according to El Escorial criteria were included. The Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioral ALS Screen (ECAS) was used to assess cognitive and behavioral changes. 44 patients, 26 males and 18 females, aged 39 to 77 years (median of age 61 years, interquartile range 53.574.5). Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 21. Continuous data were analyzed using the MannWhitney test, categorical data was analyzed by exact Fisher criteria. A p-value less than 0.05 was statistically significant. RESULTS. In 43.2% of patients cognitive and/or behavioral changes were observed. The majority of patients (approximately 20%) suffered from a variant of ALS with cognitive impairment, which was mostly presented with executive and social cognitive dysfunction. ALS with behavioral impairment was observed at 9% of patients, which mostly presented with apathy and disinhibition. A combination of cognitive and behavioral impairment was registered in 7% of patients. In another 7% of patients severity of cognitive and behavioral impairment reached a degree of dementia and corresponded to frontotemporal degeneration. CONCLUSION. This cognitive and behavioral impairment is observed in a substantial number of patients with ALS and mostly presented with moderate executive and social cognitive dysfunction, as well as apathy and less often disinhibition.
{"title":"Cognitive and behavioral changes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","authors":"D. K. Areprintseva, M. Kutlubaev","doi":"10.17816/nb109965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/nb109965","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is not limited only to motor impairment, and can also manifest with cognitive and behavioral disorders. Currently these presentations of ALS are unrecognized. Hence the research of ALS variants with cognitive and behavioral impairments is necessary. \u0000AIM. To study the frequency and clinical characteristics of ALS variants with cognitive and behavioral impairments. \u0000MATERIAL AND METHODS. The patients were recruited in 20202021. All patients with definite and possible ALS according to El Escorial criteria were included. The Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioral ALS Screen (ECAS) was used to assess cognitive and behavioral changes. 44 patients, 26 males and 18 females, aged 39 to 77 years (median of age 61 years, interquartile range 53.574.5). Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 21. Continuous data were analyzed using the MannWhitney test, categorical data was analyzed by exact Fisher criteria. A p-value less than 0.05 was statistically significant. \u0000RESULTS. In 43.2% of patients cognitive and/or behavioral changes were observed. The majority of patients (approximately 20%) suffered from a variant of ALS with cognitive impairment, which was mostly presented with executive and social cognitive dysfunction. ALS with behavioral impairment was observed at 9% of patients, which mostly presented with apathy and disinhibition. A combination of cognitive and behavioral impairment was registered in 7% of patients. In another 7% of patients severity of cognitive and behavioral impairment reached a degree of dementia and corresponded to frontotemporal degeneration. \u0000CONCLUSION. This cognitive and behavioral impairment is observed in a substantial number of patients with ALS and mostly presented with moderate executive and social cognitive dysfunction, as well as apathy and less often disinhibition.","PeriodicalId":436189,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Bulletin","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134637104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND. Cognitive impairment is common after a stroke. However, the condition of social cognitive functions, in particular theory of mind, in this group of patients has been studied insufficiently. AIM. To study the frequency and predictors of the development of the social cognitive disorders based on theory of mind impairment in patients with acute ischemic stroke. MATERIAL AND METHODS. Theory of mind impairment was assessed using Reading the Mind in the Eyes test in the acute period of ischemic stroke. National Institutes of Health Stroke scale was used to assess the severity of neurological deficit, modified Rankin scale the degree of disability, Delirium Severity Rating Scale the symptoms of delirium, Buss Perry aggressiveness scale severity of aggressive behavior, Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale cognitive deficit. The severity of cortical atrophy was evaluated by computed tomography of the brain. The study included 86 patients, 53 males and 33 females. The average age of patients was 64 years. Statistical analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 21 software package. Nonparametric statistics methods were used. Binary data were compared using the chi-square parameter, categorical data were compared using the MannWhitney test. RESULTS. Seventy percent of patients suffered from the impairment of social cognitive functions. Independent predictors of the impairment of theory of mind according to linear regression analysis were cognitive dysfunction according to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (p=0.0001) and the severity of cortical atrophy on computed tomography of the brain (p=0.001). CONCLUSION. Social cognitive impairment is registered in a substantial number of patients in acute period of stroke; its predictors include general cognitive impairment and cortical atrophy of the brain.
{"title":"Impairment of social cognitive functions in the patients with acute ischemic stroke","authors":"A. I. Ozerova, M. Kutlubaev","doi":"10.17816/nb109614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/nb109614","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND. Cognitive impairment is common after a stroke. However, the condition of social cognitive functions, in particular theory of mind, in this group of patients has been studied insufficiently. \u0000AIM. To study the frequency and predictors of the development of the social cognitive disorders based on theory of mind impairment in patients with acute ischemic stroke. \u0000MATERIAL AND METHODS. Theory of mind impairment was assessed using Reading the Mind in the Eyes test in the acute period of ischemic stroke. National Institutes of Health Stroke scale was used to assess the severity of neurological deficit, modified Rankin scale the degree of disability, Delirium Severity Rating Scale the symptoms of delirium, Buss Perry aggressiveness scale severity of aggressive behavior, Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale cognitive deficit. The severity of cortical atrophy was evaluated by computed tomography of the brain. The study included 86 patients, 53 males and 33 females. The average age of patients was 64 years. Statistical analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 21 software package. Nonparametric statistics methods were used. Binary data were compared using the chi-square parameter, categorical data were compared using the MannWhitney test. \u0000RESULTS. Seventy percent of patients suffered from the impairment of social cognitive functions. Independent predictors of the impairment of theory of mind according to linear regression analysis were cognitive dysfunction according to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (p=0.0001) and the severity of cortical atrophy on computed tomography of the brain (p=0.001). \u0000CONCLUSION. Social cognitive impairment is registered in a substantial number of patients in acute period of stroke; its predictors include general cognitive impairment and cortical atrophy of the brain.","PeriodicalId":436189,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Bulletin","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114628746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article is devoted to the analysis of the correlation of approaches to diagnostics and therapy in the classification of mental and behavioral disorders (ICD-11), described in the article by V.D. Mendelevich. The author questions the validity of the antinosological principle of the new classification and ignoring a comprehensive study of the anamnesis of life and disease, the patients inner world, and the contextual connections of mental phenomena.
{"title":"ICD-11 (psychiatric section): from regress in diagnosis to progress in therapy?","authors":"E. V. Snedkov","doi":"10.17816/nb109276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/nb109276","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the analysis of the correlation of approaches to diagnostics and therapy in the classification of mental and behavioral disorders (ICD-11), described in the article by V.D. Mendelevich. The author questions the validity of the antinosological principle of the new classification and ignoring a comprehensive study of the anamnesis of life and disease, the patients inner world, and the contextual connections of mental phenomena.","PeriodicalId":436189,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Bulletin","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122400172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ye. G. Klocheva, F. Z. Olimova, V. Goldobin, J. D. Bogatenkova
Actually, verifying neurological disorders associated with COVID-19 make clinicians ask several questions: the manifestation of neurological pathology is due to COVID-19, or there is a combination of several CNS pathologies with COVID-19. We report a clinical case of a 57-year-old female patient with demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, cerebral venous thrombosis associated with clinically transferred COVID-19. Differential diagnosis was performed with multiple sclerosis, acute multiple encephalomyelitis, opticomyelitis, cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy, sarcoidosis, antiphospholipid syndrome, mitochondrial encephalopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) and thrombosis veins of the large hemispheres. Probable pathogenetic variants of demyelination development and possible connection with cerebral venous thrombosis and COVID-19 are highlighted.
{"title":"Demyelinating disease in a patient with cerebral venous thrombosis and covid-19 clinical manifestations","authors":"Ye. G. Klocheva, F. Z. Olimova, V. Goldobin, J. D. Bogatenkova","doi":"10.17816/nb104446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/nb104446","url":null,"abstract":"Actually, verifying neurological disorders associated with COVID-19 make clinicians ask several questions: the manifestation of neurological pathology is due to COVID-19, or there is a combination of several CNS pathologies with COVID-19. We report a clinical case of a 57-year-old female patient with demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, cerebral venous thrombosis associated with clinically transferred COVID-19. Differential diagnosis was performed with multiple sclerosis, acute multiple encephalomyelitis, opticomyelitis, cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy, sarcoidosis, antiphospholipid syndrome, mitochondrial encephalopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) and thrombosis veins of the large hemispheres. Probable pathogenetic variants of demyelination development and possible connection with cerebral venous thrombosis and COVID-19 are highlighted.","PeriodicalId":436189,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Bulletin","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114971662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND. Anxiety disorders are frequently observed in patients with schizophrenia. Meanwhile lifetime frequency of these disorders in late-onset schizophrenia remains unknown. AIM. The aim of the study was to investigate frequency of anxiety disorders in patients with late-onset psychosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS. 85 patients with late-manifesting psychoses (after 40 years) aged 45 to 86 years (average age 66.5=9.5 years) were examined. Patients with late schizophrenia (n=42), late schizoaffective disorder (n=12), late chronic delusional disorder (n=15), organic schizoform psychosis (n=8), recurrent depression with psychotic symptoms (n=8) underwent psychiatric examination (PANSS, HDRS-17, MMSE, MoCA) and standard interviews. The diagnosis was carried out according to the criteria of the International Classification of Diseases of the 10th revision. The control group included 24 people over 45 years old without signs of mental disorders (average age 57.68.8 years). Statistical analysis included nonparametric criteria. RESULTS. Results. Patients with late schizophrenia were distinguished by certain premorbid features in the form of an increased frequency of social phobia, more animal phobias and multiple polysymptomatic habitual anxiety reactions. Patients with late schizoaffective disorder were characterized by a tendency to hypochondriac fears and multiple polysymptomatic habitual anxiety reactions. Patients with late delusional disorder were characterized by an increased frequency of animal phobias. Patients with late mental depression are characterized by the presence of multiple undeveloped anxiety reactions and hypochondriac fears. Patients with endomorphic organic psychoses were distinguished by a low frequency of hypochondriacal fears in the anamnesis. CONCLUSION. High frequency of anxiety disorders in patients with late-onset schizophrenia was detected. This data could improve diagnostics of late-onset psychosis.
{"title":"Life-time anxiety disorders in patients with late-onset psychosis","authors":"M. Savina, V. Sheshenin, V. Pochueva","doi":"10.17816/nb87487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/nb87487","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND. Anxiety disorders are frequently observed in patients with schizophrenia. Meanwhile lifetime frequency of these disorders in late-onset schizophrenia remains unknown. \u0000AIM. The aim of the study was to investigate frequency of anxiety disorders in patients with late-onset psychosis. \u0000MATERIAL AND METHODS. 85 patients with late-manifesting psychoses (after 40 years) aged 45 to 86 years (average age 66.5=9.5 years) were examined. Patients with late schizophrenia (n=42), late schizoaffective disorder (n=12), late chronic delusional disorder (n=15), organic schizoform psychosis (n=8), recurrent depression with psychotic symptoms (n=8) underwent psychiatric examination (PANSS, HDRS-17, MMSE, MoCA) and standard interviews. The diagnosis was carried out according to the criteria of the International Classification of Diseases of the 10th revision. The control group included 24 people over 45 years old without signs of mental disorders (average age 57.68.8 years). Statistical analysis included nonparametric criteria. \u0000RESULTS. Results. Patients with late schizophrenia were distinguished by certain premorbid features in the form of an increased frequency of social phobia, more animal phobias and multiple polysymptomatic habitual anxiety reactions. Patients with late schizoaffective disorder were characterized by a tendency to hypochondriac fears and multiple polysymptomatic habitual anxiety reactions. Patients with late delusional disorder were characterized by an increased frequency of animal phobias. Patients with late mental depression are characterized by the presence of multiple undeveloped anxiety reactions and hypochondriac fears. Patients with endomorphic organic psychoses were distinguished by a low frequency of hypochondriacal fears in the anamnesis. \u0000CONCLUSION. High frequency of anxiety disorders in patients with late-onset schizophrenia was detected. This data could improve diagnostics of late-onset psychosis.","PeriodicalId":436189,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Bulletin","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133990961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Vorobev, A. Emelin, S. N. Yanishevskij, E. V. Kostina, Anna A. Galaeva
Over the past historical period, views on Alzheimers disease therapy have undergone significant changes. This was facilitated by new research in the framework of studying the mechanisms of its development. Currently, the amyloid hypothesis remains prevalent, the central link of which is the accumulation of insoluble beta-amyloid protein, which provokes a subsequent cascade of pathochemical reactions leading to the formation of dementia. The presence of reliable evidence of a significant contribution of -amyloid in the processes of neurodegeneration contributed to the development of therapeutic strategies aimed at leveling its pathological influence. In this regard, attempts are being made to develop antibodies to -amyloid, to create -secretase and -secretase inhibitors, -secretase stimulants, as well as the synthesis of drugs capable of blocking zinc- and copper-induced formation of toxic forms of oligomers and aggregation of -amyloid. The greatest success was achieved with the introduction of monoclonal antibodies to the protein -amyloid. It is in this direction that the greatest efforts of scientists are focused on creating a new effective treatment for Alzheimers disease.
{"title":"Antiamyloid therapy of Alzheimer’s disease: origins, current state and prospects of development","authors":"S. Vorobev, A. Emelin, S. N. Yanishevskij, E. V. Kostina, Anna A. Galaeva","doi":"10.17816/nb108278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/nb108278","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past historical period, views on Alzheimers disease therapy have undergone significant changes. This was facilitated by new research in the framework of studying the mechanisms of its development. Currently, the amyloid hypothesis remains prevalent, the central link of which is the accumulation of insoluble beta-amyloid protein, which provokes a subsequent cascade of pathochemical reactions leading to the formation of dementia. The presence of reliable evidence of a significant contribution of -amyloid in the processes of neurodegeneration contributed to the development of therapeutic strategies aimed at leveling its pathological influence. In this regard, attempts are being made to develop antibodies to -amyloid, to create -secretase and -secretase inhibitors, -secretase stimulants, as well as the synthesis of drugs capable of blocking zinc- and copper-induced formation of toxic forms of oligomers and aggregation of -amyloid. The greatest success was achieved with the introduction of monoclonal antibodies to the protein -amyloid. It is in this direction that the greatest efforts of scientists are focused on creating a new effective treatment for Alzheimers disease.","PeriodicalId":436189,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Bulletin","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132889606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND. Chiari malformation type 1 (CM1) is a multicomponent pathology. The CM1 symptom complex has a variable structure within the limits of cerebrospinal fluid, cerebellar, brainstem and spinal disorders. A new component is cognitive dysfunction. Various hypotheses of its formation are discussed. Along with the independent role of CM1 in the development of cognitive dysfunction, great importance is attached to pain and affective disorders. AIM. To identify the features of cognitive status in patients with CM1 and to assess the relationship with pain and affective disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The study included 110 adult patients with CM1 aged 25.616.9 years. The control group consisted of 50 people aged 26.365.0 years. The assessment of neuroimaging parameters was carried out on an MR tomograph with an induction of a magnetic field of 1.5 T. MMSE, MoCA, and the Trail Making Test were used to assess cognitive status. The pain syndrome was assessed using the SF-MPQ-2-RU questionnaire and the visual analogue scale, assessment of affective disorders HADS and DASS-21. RESULTS. Patients with CM1 had significantly lower cognitive indicators. Deficits are found in the domains of executive functioning, visual-spatial skills, attention, delayed recall and speech. The association of cognitive decline and pathognomonic headache for CM1 may indicate the presence of common pathogenic mechanisms. The decisive importance probably belongs to cerebellar dysregulation dysfunction of the universal process of cerebellar transformation. It is assumed that emotional disorders collectively affect the structure of cognitive status, not being the main link in pathogenesis. CONCLUSIONS. Patients with CM1 show significant cognitive decline. Cerebellar dysregulation may be a common mechanism underlying cognitive dysfunction and pathognomonic for CM1 headache. Emotional disorders collectively affect the structure of cognitive status, not being the main link in pathogenesis.
背景。1型Chiari畸形(CM1)是一种多组分病理。CM1症状复合体在脑脊液、小脑、脑干和脊柱疾病范围内具有可变结构。一个新的组成部分是认知功能障碍。讨论了其形成的各种假设。随着CM1在认知功能障碍发展中的独立作用，疼痛和情感性障碍也受到高度重视。的目标。确定CM1患者的认知状态特征，并评估其与疼痛和情感性障碍的关系。材料和方法。该研究纳入了110例年龄25.616.9岁的CM1成年患者。对照组50例，年龄26.365.0岁。神经影像学参数评估在磁场感应为1.5 t的MR断层扫描上进行，采用MMSE、MoCA和Trail Making Test评估认知状态。采用SF-MPQ-2-RU问卷、视觉模拟量表、情感障碍HADS和DASS-21评估疼痛综合征。结果。CM1患者的认知指标明显降低。缺陷存在于执行功能、视觉空间技能、注意力、延迟回忆和语言等领域。认知能力下降与CM1的病理性头痛的关联可能表明存在共同的致病机制。决定性的重要性可能属于小脑转化普遍过程的小脑失调功能障碍。人们认为情绪障碍共同影响认知状态结构，而不是发病的主要环节。结论。CM1患者表现出明显的认知能力下降。小脑失调可能是CM1头痛的认知功能障碍和病理特征的共同机制。情绪障碍共同影响认知状态结构，不是发病的主要环节。
{"title":"Cognitive dysfunction, pain and affective disorders in patients with Chiari malformation type 1 in the context of reciprocal relationships","authors":"R. G. Kokurkina, E. Mendelevich","doi":"10.17816/nb106977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/nb106977","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND. Chiari malformation type 1 (CM1) is a multicomponent pathology. The CM1 symptom complex has a variable structure within the limits of cerebrospinal fluid, cerebellar, brainstem and spinal disorders. A new component is cognitive dysfunction. Various hypotheses of its formation are discussed. Along with the independent role of CM1 in the development of cognitive dysfunction, great importance is attached to pain and affective disorders. \u0000AIM. To identify the features of cognitive status in patients with CM1 and to assess the relationship with pain and affective disorders. \u0000MATERIAL AND METHODS. The study included 110 adult patients with CM1 aged 25.616.9 years. The control group consisted of 50 people aged 26.365.0 years. The assessment of neuroimaging parameters was carried out on an MR tomograph with an induction of a magnetic field of 1.5 T. MMSE, MoCA, and the Trail Making Test were used to assess cognitive status. The pain syndrome was assessed using the SF-MPQ-2-RU questionnaire and the visual analogue scale, assessment of affective disorders HADS and DASS-21. \u0000RESULTS. Patients with CM1 had significantly lower cognitive indicators. Deficits are found in the domains of executive functioning, visual-spatial skills, attention, delayed recall and speech. The association of cognitive decline and pathognomonic headache for CM1 may indicate the presence of common pathogenic mechanisms. The decisive importance probably belongs to cerebellar dysregulation dysfunction of the universal process of cerebellar transformation. It is assumed that emotional disorders collectively affect the structure of cognitive status, not being the main link in pathogenesis. \u0000CONCLUSIONS. Patients with CM1 show significant cognitive decline. Cerebellar dysregulation may be a common mechanism underlying cognitive dysfunction and pathognomonic for CM1 headache. Emotional disorders collectively affect the structure of cognitive status, not being the main link in pathogenesis.","PeriodicalId":436189,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Bulletin","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130727243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND. The relevance is due to the negative consequences caused by the COVID-19 pandemic for individuals and for society as a whole, covering almost all aspects of life at the macro and individual levels, and the lack of detailed studies of the psychological state of the population. AIM. Study of the specifics and dynamics of psychological adaptation in subjects during the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIAL AND METHODS. Method of studying personality accentuations of K. Leonhard (modified by S. Shmishek); diagnostics of the state of aggression (Bass-Darkey questionnaire), multilevel personality questionnaire Adaptiveness by A.G. Maklakov and S.V. Chermyanin, test-questionnaire Health, activity, mood, clinical questionnaire for the detection and evaluation of neurotic conditions (Yakhin K.K., Mendelevich D.M.). Statistical analysis of the data was performed using Spearmans rank correlation coefficient, Students t-test for independent samples, and Students t-test for dependent samples. The study involved 51 people 16% are men and 84% are women, who were selected by a random continuous method, whose average age is 21.31.87 years. The study was carried out in 2 stages. The first stage: the end of April 2020 21 days after the start of voluntary self-isolation; second stage: end of September beginning of November 2020. RESULTS. The subjects were found to have such character accentuations as exaltation 94%, hyperthymism 88%, emotivity 86%, low level of personal adaptive potential (2.11.43), neurotic depression prevailed 43%, obsessive-phobic disorders 33%, conversion disorders 27%. The expression of aggression was carried out mainly through verbal aggression (6.352.43), guilt (5.591.72) and irritation (5.371.92). CONCLUSION. The subjects have a low level of personal adaptive potential, which increased with the end of self-isolation, accompanied by a gradual acceptance of what is happening, stabilization of the growth in the number of sick and dead, news about the development of measures to combat the spread of the virus, methods of treatment and prevention.
{"title":"Specificity and dynamics of psychological adaptation during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"E. V. Makaricheva, M. S. Burguvan","doi":"10.17816/nb106247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/nb106247","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND. The relevance is due to the negative consequences caused by the COVID-19 pandemic for individuals and for society as a whole, covering almost all aspects of life at the macro and individual levels, and the lack of detailed studies of the psychological state of the population. \u0000AIM. Study of the specifics and dynamics of psychological adaptation in subjects during the COVID-19 pandemic. \u0000MATERIAL AND METHODS. Method of studying personality accentuations of K. Leonhard (modified by S. Shmishek); diagnostics of the state of aggression (Bass-Darkey questionnaire), multilevel personality questionnaire Adaptiveness by A.G. Maklakov and S.V. Chermyanin, test-questionnaire Health, activity, mood, clinical questionnaire for the detection and evaluation of neurotic conditions (Yakhin K.K., Mendelevich D.M.). Statistical analysis of the data was performed using Spearmans rank correlation coefficient, Students t-test for independent samples, and Students t-test for dependent samples. The study involved 51 people 16% are men and 84% are women, who were selected by a random continuous method, whose average age is 21.31.87 years. The study was carried out in 2 stages. The first stage: the end of April 2020 21 days after the start of voluntary self-isolation; second stage: end of September beginning of November 2020. \u0000RESULTS. The subjects were found to have such character accentuations as exaltation 94%, hyperthymism 88%, emotivity 86%, low level of personal adaptive potential (2.11.43), neurotic depression prevailed 43%, obsessive-phobic disorders 33%, conversion disorders 27%. The expression of aggression was carried out mainly through verbal aggression (6.352.43), guilt (5.591.72) and irritation (5.371.92). \u0000CONCLUSION. The subjects have a low level of personal adaptive potential, which increased with the end of self-isolation, accompanied by a gradual acceptance of what is happening, stabilization of the growth in the number of sick and dead, news about the development of measures to combat the spread of the virus, methods of treatment and prevention.","PeriodicalId":436189,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Bulletin","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117213717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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