Zhicheng Yang, P. Pathak, Yunze Zeng, P. Mohapatra
The potential to provide multi-gbps throughput has made 60 GHz communication an attractive choice for next-generation WLANs. Due to highly directional nature of the communication, a 60 GHz link faces frequent outages in the presence of mobility. In this work, we present a sensor-assisted multi-level codebook-based beam width adaptation and beam switching to address the mobility challenges in 60 GHz WLANs. First, we show that by combining antenna element selection with codebook design, it is possible to generate a multilevel codebook that can cover different beam forming directions with many possible beam widths and directive gain. Second, we propose that accelerometer and magnetometer sensors which are commonly available on mobile devices can be used to better account for mobility, and perform near-real time beam width adaptation and beam switching. We evaluate the sensor-assisted multi-level codebook-based beam forming with trace-driven simulations using real mobility traces. Numeric evaluation shows that such beam forming can maintain the connectivity over 84% of the time even in presence of high device mobility.
{"title":"Sensor-Assisted Codebook-Based Beamforming for Mobility Management in 60 GHz WLANs","authors":"Zhicheng Yang, P. Pathak, Yunze Zeng, P. Mohapatra","doi":"10.1109/MASS.2015.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MASS.2015.58","url":null,"abstract":"The potential to provide multi-gbps throughput has made 60 GHz communication an attractive choice for next-generation WLANs. Due to highly directional nature of the communication, a 60 GHz link faces frequent outages in the presence of mobility. In this work, we present a sensor-assisted multi-level codebook-based beam width adaptation and beam switching to address the mobility challenges in 60 GHz WLANs. First, we show that by combining antenna element selection with codebook design, it is possible to generate a multilevel codebook that can cover different beam forming directions with many possible beam widths and directive gain. Second, we propose that accelerometer and magnetometer sensors which are commonly available on mobile devices can be used to better account for mobility, and perform near-real time beam width adaptation and beam switching. We evaluate the sensor-assisted multi-level codebook-based beam forming with trace-driven simulations using real mobility traces. Numeric evaluation shows that such beam forming can maintain the connectivity over 84% of the time even in presence of high device mobility.","PeriodicalId":436496,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 12th International Conference on Mobile Ad Hoc and Sensor Systems","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114988571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nowadays more and more users tend to take photos with their smart phones. However, energy-saving continues to be a thorny problem for smart camera phones, since smart phone photographing is a very power hungry function. In this paper, we propose a context aware energy-saving scheme for smart camera phones, by accurately sensing the user's activities in the photographing process. Our solution is based on the observation that during the process of photographing, most of the energy are wasted in the preparations before the shooting. By leveraging the embedded sensors like the accelerometer and gyroscope, our solution is able to extract representative features to perceive the user's current activities including body movement, arm movement and wrist movement. Furthermore, by maintaining an activity state machine, our solution can accurately determine the user's current activity states and make the corresponding energy saving strategies. Experiment results show that, our solution is able to perceive the user's activities with an average accuracy of 95.5% and reduce the overall energy consumption by 46.5% for smart camera phones compared to that without energy-saving scheme.
{"title":"A Context Aware Energy-Saving Scheme for Smart Camera Phones Based on Activity Sensing","authors":"Yuanyuan Fan, Lei Xie, Yafeng Yin, Sanglu Lu","doi":"10.1109/MASS.2015.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MASS.2015.17","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays more and more users tend to take photos with their smart phones. However, energy-saving continues to be a thorny problem for smart camera phones, since smart phone photographing is a very power hungry function. In this paper, we propose a context aware energy-saving scheme for smart camera phones, by accurately sensing the user's activities in the photographing process. Our solution is based on the observation that during the process of photographing, most of the energy are wasted in the preparations before the shooting. By leveraging the embedded sensors like the accelerometer and gyroscope, our solution is able to extract representative features to perceive the user's current activities including body movement, arm movement and wrist movement. Furthermore, by maintaining an activity state machine, our solution can accurately determine the user's current activity states and make the corresponding energy saving strategies. Experiment results show that, our solution is able to perceive the user's activities with an average accuracy of 95.5% and reduce the overall energy consumption by 46.5% for smart camera phones compared to that without energy-saving scheme.","PeriodicalId":436496,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 12th International Conference on Mobile Ad Hoc and Sensor Systems","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124401325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) have gained wide popularity, however, developing and debugging CPS remain significant challenges. Many bugs are detectable only at runtime under deployment conditions that may be unpredictable or at least unexpected at development time. The current state of the practice of debugging CPS is generally ad hoc, involving trial and error in a real deployment. For increased rigor, it is appealing to bring formal methods to CPS verification. However developers often eschew formal approaches due to complexity and lack of efficiency. This paper presents Brace Assertion, a specification framework based on natural language queries that are automatically converted to a determinitic class of timed automata used for runtime monitoring. To reduce runtime overhead and support properties that reference predicate logic, we use a second monitor automaton to create filtered traces on which to run the analysis using the specification monitor. We evaluate the Brace Assertion framework using a real CPS case study and show that the framework is able to minimize runtime overhead with an increasing number of monitors.
{"title":"BraceAssertion: Runtime Verification of Cyber-Physical Systems","authors":"Xi Zheng, C. Julien, R. Podorozhny, F. Cassez","doi":"10.1109/MASS.2015.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MASS.2015.15","url":null,"abstract":"Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) have gained wide popularity, however, developing and debugging CPS remain significant challenges. Many bugs are detectable only at runtime under deployment conditions that may be unpredictable or at least unexpected at development time. The current state of the practice of debugging CPS is generally ad hoc, involving trial and error in a real deployment. For increased rigor, it is appealing to bring formal methods to CPS verification. However developers often eschew formal approaches due to complexity and lack of efficiency. This paper presents Brace Assertion, a specification framework based on natural language queries that are automatically converted to a determinitic class of timed automata used for runtime monitoring. To reduce runtime overhead and support properties that reference predicate logic, we use a second monitor automaton to create filtered traces on which to run the analysis using the specification monitor. We evaluate the Brace Assertion framework using a real CPS case study and show that the framework is able to minimize runtime overhead with an increasing number of monitors.","PeriodicalId":436496,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 12th International Conference on Mobile Ad Hoc and Sensor Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125874516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We propose a new sensing device that can simultaneously monitor urban traffic congestion and another phenomenon of interest (flash floods on the present case). This sensing device is based on the combination of an ultrasonic rangefinder with one or multiple remote temperature sensors. We show an implementation of this device, and illustrate its performance in both traffic flow sensing. Field data shows that the sensor can detect vehicles with a 99% accuracy, in addition to estimating their speed and classifying them in function of their length. The same sensor can also monitor urban water levels with an accuracy of less than 2 cm.
{"title":"Vehicle Detection and Classification Using Passive Infrared Sensing","authors":"Enas Odat, M. Mousa, C. Claudel","doi":"10.1109/MASS.2015.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MASS.2015.62","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a new sensing device that can simultaneously monitor urban traffic congestion and another phenomenon of interest (flash floods on the present case). This sensing device is based on the combination of an ultrasonic rangefinder with one or multiple remote temperature sensors. We show an implementation of this device, and illustrate its performance in both traffic flow sensing. Field data shows that the sensor can detect vehicles with a 99% accuracy, in addition to estimating their speed and classifying them in function of their length. The same sensor can also monitor urban water levels with an accuracy of less than 2 cm.","PeriodicalId":436496,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 12th International Conference on Mobile Ad Hoc and Sensor Systems","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114902411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work investigates the theoretical analysis to enable fast and accurate estimation of dominant frequencies from randomly sampled signals by compressive sensing (CS). We show that dominant frequencies can be discovered using partially computed Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). We also propose a new system structure with an estimation unit that enables the signal reconstruction to be selectively bypassed for CS-based devices on signals with dominant frequencies, thus increasing the responsiveness and further reducing the power consumption. For verification, we design a photoplethysmagram (PPG) based heart rate monitor using the proposed algorithm. The accuracy is tested using MIMIC database. The detected heart rate is within 1 beat per minute from the reference over 99% of the data.
{"title":"Fast Compressive Sensing Based on Dominant Frequency Estimation","authors":"Jun Luan, Seung Jae Lee, P. Chou","doi":"10.1109/MASS.2015.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MASS.2015.45","url":null,"abstract":"This work investigates the theoretical analysis to enable fast and accurate estimation of dominant frequencies from randomly sampled signals by compressive sensing (CS). We show that dominant frequencies can be discovered using partially computed Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). We also propose a new system structure with an estimation unit that enables the signal reconstruction to be selectively bypassed for CS-based devices on signals with dominant frequencies, thus increasing the responsiveness and further reducing the power consumption. For verification, we design a photoplethysmagram (PPG) based heart rate monitor using the proposed algorithm. The accuracy is tested using MIMIC database. The detected heart rate is within 1 beat per minute from the reference over 99% of the data.","PeriodicalId":436496,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 12th International Conference on Mobile Ad Hoc and Sensor Systems","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128753009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael Lin, S. Silvestri, N. Bartolini, T. L. Porta
Provisioning the capacity of wireless networks is difficult when peak load is significantly higher than average load, for example, in public spaces like airports or train stations. Service providers can use femtocells and small cells to increase local capacity, but deploying enough femtocells to serve peak loads requires a large number of femtocells that will remain idle most of the time, which wastes a significant amount of power. To reduce the energy consumption of over-provisioned femtocell networks, we formulate a femtocell selective activation problem, which we formalize as an integer nonlinear optimization problem. Then we introduce Green Femto, a distributed femtocell selective activation algorithm that deactivates idle femtocells to save power and activates them on-the-fly as the number of users increases. We prove that Green Femto converges to a locally Pareto optimal solution and demonstrate its performance using extensive simulations of an LTE wireless system. Overall, we find that Green Femto requires up to 55% fewer femtocells to serve a given user load, relative to an existing femtocell power-saving procedure, and comes within 15% of a globally optimal solution.
{"title":"Energy-Efficient Selective Activation in Femtocell Networks","authors":"Michael Lin, S. Silvestri, N. Bartolini, T. L. Porta","doi":"10.1109/MASS.2015.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MASS.2015.16","url":null,"abstract":"Provisioning the capacity of wireless networks is difficult when peak load is significantly higher than average load, for example, in public spaces like airports or train stations. Service providers can use femtocells and small cells to increase local capacity, but deploying enough femtocells to serve peak loads requires a large number of femtocells that will remain idle most of the time, which wastes a significant amount of power. To reduce the energy consumption of over-provisioned femtocell networks, we formulate a femtocell selective activation problem, which we formalize as an integer nonlinear optimization problem. Then we introduce Green Femto, a distributed femtocell selective activation algorithm that deactivates idle femtocells to save power and activates them on-the-fly as the number of users increases. We prove that Green Femto converges to a locally Pareto optimal solution and demonstrate its performance using extensive simulations of an LTE wireless system. Overall, we find that Green Femto requires up to 55% fewer femtocells to serve a given user load, relative to an existing femtocell power-saving procedure, and comes within 15% of a globally optimal solution.","PeriodicalId":436496,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 12th International Conference on Mobile Ad Hoc and Sensor Systems","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124657640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Meera Radhakrishnan, Archan Misra, R. Balan, Youngki Lee
Driven by the rapid market growth of sensors and beacons that offer Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) based connectivity, this paper empirically investigates the performance characteristics of the BLE interface on multiple Android smartphones, and the consequent impact on a proposed BLE-based service: continuous indoor location. We first use extensive measurement studies with multiple Android devices to establish that the BLE interface on current smartphones is not as "low-energy" as nominally expected, and establish that continuous use of such a BLE interface is not feasible unless we choose a moderately large scan interval and a low duty cycle. We then explore the implications of such constraints, on the parameters of a smart phone's BLE stack, on the accuracy of a BLE-based indoor localization techniques. We show that while RF-based indoor location can be highly accurate (80% of estimates have errors less than or equal to 4 meters) for stationary users only if the density of beacons is high, the combination of (large scan interval, low duty cycle) causes the location error to degrade significantly for moving users. These results provide practical insights into the use cases and limitations for future BLE-based mobile services.
{"title":"Smartphones and BLE Services: Empirical Insights","authors":"Meera Radhakrishnan, Archan Misra, R. Balan, Youngki Lee","doi":"10.1109/MASS.2015.92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MASS.2015.92","url":null,"abstract":"Driven by the rapid market growth of sensors and beacons that offer Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) based connectivity, this paper empirically investigates the performance characteristics of the BLE interface on multiple Android smartphones, and the consequent impact on a proposed BLE-based service: continuous indoor location. We first use extensive measurement studies with multiple Android devices to establish that the BLE interface on current smartphones is not as \"low-energy\" as nominally expected, and establish that continuous use of such a BLE interface is not feasible unless we choose a moderately large scan interval and a low duty cycle. We then explore the implications of such constraints, on the parameters of a smart phone's BLE stack, on the accuracy of a BLE-based indoor localization techniques. We show that while RF-based indoor location can be highly accurate (80% of estimates have errors less than or equal to 4 meters) for stationary users only if the density of beacons is high, the combination of (large scan interval, low duty cycle) causes the location error to degrade significantly for moving users. These results provide practical insights into the use cases and limitations for future BLE-based mobile services.","PeriodicalId":436496,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 12th International Conference on Mobile Ad Hoc and Sensor Systems","volume":"95 8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130564142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Smida, Hamed Mojtahed, Holly Markovich, Andie Lee
In this paper, we consider two nodes that wish to communicate through wireless channels simultaneously at the same frequency. Our concept is based on backscatter modulation (BM), where electromagnetic waves are modulated and reflected by the same antenna that receives them. The base-station transmits a signal by varying amplitude and phase of the carrier wave. The end-user reflects the same signal with a new message modulated onto the received waveform. In this paper, we investigate different backscatter modulation constellations adequate for the full-duplex wireless communication system. Formulation for ASK, PSK and QAM 16 modulation, backscatter modulation and demodulation will be explored.
{"title":"Backscatter-Modulation Constellation for Full-Duplex Wireless Communication","authors":"B. Smida, Hamed Mojtahed, Holly Markovich, Andie Lee","doi":"10.1109/MASS.2015.88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MASS.2015.88","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we consider two nodes that wish to communicate through wireless channels simultaneously at the same frequency. Our concept is based on backscatter modulation (BM), where electromagnetic waves are modulated and reflected by the same antenna that receives them. The base-station transmits a signal by varying amplitude and phase of the carrier wave. The end-user reflects the same signal with a new message modulated onto the received waveform. In this paper, we investigate different backscatter modulation constellations adequate for the full-duplex wireless communication system. Formulation for ASK, PSK and QAM 16 modulation, backscatter modulation and demodulation will be explored.","PeriodicalId":436496,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 12th International Conference on Mobile Ad Hoc and Sensor Systems","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114557906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we present Black SDN, a Software Defined Networking (SDN) architecture for secure Internet of Things (IoT) networking and communications. SDN architectures were developed to provide improved routing and networking performance for broadband networks by separating the control plain from the data plain. This basic SDN concept is amenable to IoT networks, however, the common SDN implementations designed for wired networks are not directly amenable to the distributed, ad hoc, low-power, mesh networks commonly found in IoT systems. SDN promises to improve the overall lifespan and performance of IoT networks. However, the SDN architecture changes the IoT network's communication patterns, allowing new types of attacks, and necessitating a new approach to securing the IoT network. Black SDN is a novel SDN-based secure networking architecture that secures both the meta-data and the payload within each layer of an IoT communication packet while utilizing the SDN centralized controller as a trusted third party for secure routing and optimized system performance management. We demonstrate through simulation the feasibility of Black SDN in networks where nodes are asleep most of their lives, and specifically examine a Black SDN IoT network based upon the IEEE 802.15.4 LR WPAN (Low Rate - Wireless Personal Area Network) protocol.
在本文中，我们提出了黑色SDN，一种用于安全物联网(IoT)网络和通信的软件定义网络(SDN)架构。开发SDN架构是为了通过将控制平面与数据平面分离，为宽带网络提供改进的路由和网络性能。这种基本的SDN概念适用于物联网网络，然而，为有线网络设计的常见SDN实现并不直接适用于物联网系统中常见的分布式、自组织、低功耗网状网络。SDN有望改善物联网网络的整体寿命和性能。然而，SDN架构改变了物联网网络的通信模式，允许新的攻击类型，并且需要一种新的方法来保护物联网网络。黑色SDN是一种新颖的基于SDN的安全网络架构，可保护物联网通信数据包每层中的元数据和有效载荷，同时利用SDN集中控制器作为可信第三方进行安全路由和优化系统性能管理。我们通过模拟演示了黑色SDN在节点大部分时间处于休眠状态的网络中的可行性，并具体研究了基于IEEE 802.15.4 LR WPAN(低速率无线个人区域网络)协议的黑色SDN物联网网络。
{"title":"Black SDN for the Internet of Things","authors":"Shaibal Chakrabarty, D. Engels, Selina Thathapudi","doi":"10.1109/MASS.2015.100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MASS.2015.100","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present Black SDN, a Software Defined Networking (SDN) architecture for secure Internet of Things (IoT) networking and communications. SDN architectures were developed to provide improved routing and networking performance for broadband networks by separating the control plain from the data plain. This basic SDN concept is amenable to IoT networks, however, the common SDN implementations designed for wired networks are not directly amenable to the distributed, ad hoc, low-power, mesh networks commonly found in IoT systems. SDN promises to improve the overall lifespan and performance of IoT networks. However, the SDN architecture changes the IoT network's communication patterns, allowing new types of attacks, and necessitating a new approach to securing the IoT network. Black SDN is a novel SDN-based secure networking architecture that secures both the meta-data and the payload within each layer of an IoT communication packet while utilizing the SDN centralized controller as a trusted third party for secure routing and optimized system performance management. We demonstrate through simulation the feasibility of Black SDN in networks where nodes are asleep most of their lives, and specifically examine a Black SDN IoT network based upon the IEEE 802.15.4 LR WPAN (Low Rate - Wireless Personal Area Network) protocol.","PeriodicalId":436496,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 12th International Conference on Mobile Ad Hoc and Sensor Systems","volume":"133 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116265761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Underwater target detection has been widely used nowadays. In this paper, we show that the 3-D nested-array system can provide O(N2) degree of freedom(DOF) by using only N physical sensors when the second order statistics of the received data is used, which means we can use less sensors to get a better performance. A maximum likelihood (ML) estimation algorithm for underwater target size detection is also introduced. Theoretical analysis illustrates that our underwater sensor network can greatly reduce the variance of target estimation. We show that our maximum likelihood estimator is unbiased, also the Cramer-Rao lower bound can be achieved when estimating the variance of parameter. Simulations further validate these theoretical results.
{"title":"Target Detection Using 3-D Sparse Underwater Senor Array Network","authors":"Hao Liang, Q. Liang","doi":"10.1109/MASS.2015.113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MASS.2015.113","url":null,"abstract":"Underwater target detection has been widely used nowadays. In this paper, we show that the 3-D nested-array system can provide O(N2) degree of freedom(DOF) by using only N physical sensors when the second order statistics of the received data is used, which means we can use less sensors to get a better performance. A maximum likelihood (ML) estimation algorithm for underwater target size detection is also introduced. Theoretical analysis illustrates that our underwater sensor network can greatly reduce the variance of target estimation. We show that our maximum likelihood estimator is unbiased, also the Cramer-Rao lower bound can be achieved when estimating the variance of parameter. Simulations further validate these theoretical results.","PeriodicalId":436496,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 12th International Conference on Mobile Ad Hoc and Sensor Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133915568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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