Pub Date : 2023-06-14DOI: 10.1080/07292473.2023.2223836
Junhui Qin
This article examines Inner Mongolian nationalism, which was promoted by Japan in Inner Mongolia during the Sino-Japanese War through the intermediary of Mongolian Buddhist Lamaism. It reveals the competition for the religious support of Lamaism among the nationalist political parties in Inner Mongolia, the reformation of Lamaism carried out by the Japanese under the slogan of Mongolian national awakening, and how the Japanese integrated this work into their larger Asian goals, specifically the Japanese army’s promotion of its own Pan-Asianism among other Asian peoples as the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere.
{"title":"Religion and Nationalism: Reform of Lamaism in Inner Mongolia by the Japanese","authors":"Junhui Qin","doi":"10.1080/07292473.2023.2223836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2023.2223836","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines Inner Mongolian nationalism, which was promoted by Japan in Inner Mongolia during the Sino-Japanese War through the intermediary of Mongolian Buddhist Lamaism. It reveals the competition for the religious support of Lamaism among the nationalist political parties in Inner Mongolia, the reformation of Lamaism carried out by the Japanese under the slogan of Mongolian national awakening, and how the Japanese integrated this work into their larger Asian goals, specifically the Japanese army’s promotion of its own Pan-Asianism among other Asian peoples as the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere.","PeriodicalId":43656,"journal":{"name":"War & Society","volume":"42 1","pages":"267 - 282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41897416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-26DOI: 10.1080/07292473.2023.2215035
Lindsey R. Peterson
This article examines how white Kansan Union veterans and their families commemorated the American Civil War throughout the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries. Kansans’ post-war narratives, including a monument erected to Gen. James B. McPherson in 1917, constructed a legacy of the war that asserted the Union war effort preserved the trans-Mississippi West for free-labour and celebrated veteran-pioneers for fulfilling the promise of a free-labour American empire by migrating to Kansas post-war. Distinct from their eastern counterparts, Kansan Union veterans and their families wielded collective memories of the Civil War as a tool of colonisation in the American West.
这篇文章考察了白人堪萨斯联盟退伍军人和他们的家人如何在19世纪末和20世纪初纪念美国内战。堪萨斯人的战后叙述，包括1917年为詹姆斯·b·麦克弗森将军(Gen. James B. McPherson)建立的纪念碑，构建了这场战争的遗产，宣称联邦的战争努力为自由劳工保留了横跨密西西比的西部地区，并赞扬老兵先驱们在战后移民到堪萨斯，实现了建立一个自由劳工的美国帝国的承诺。与东部不同的是，堪萨斯联盟的退伍军人和他们的家人将内战的集体记忆作为美国西部殖民的工具。
{"title":"‘The Defenders, Protectors and Builders of Our State’: The Colonial Legacy of Union Civil War Commemorations in Kansas, 1870s–1910s","authors":"Lindsey R. Peterson","doi":"10.1080/07292473.2023.2215035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2023.2215035","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines how white Kansan Union veterans and their families commemorated the American Civil War throughout the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries. Kansans’ post-war narratives, including a monument erected to Gen. James B. McPherson in 1917, constructed a legacy of the war that asserted the Union war effort preserved the trans-Mississippi West for free-labour and celebrated veteran-pioneers for fulfilling the promise of a free-labour American empire by migrating to Kansas post-war. Distinct from their eastern counterparts, Kansan Union veterans and their families wielded collective memories of the Civil War as a tool of colonisation in the American West.","PeriodicalId":43656,"journal":{"name":"War & Society","volume":"42 1","pages":"233 - 250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48030562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-12DOI: 10.1080/07292473.2023.2210896
T. Baycroft, Bernard Wilkin
This article investigates the development of balloon and pigeon-sent microfilm, both for military purposes and as a propaganda technique in besieged Paris in 1870–1871. It examines the aerial press used to communicate with the provinces, to help coordinate the actions of the French army, and to boost civilian morale. It analyses the content and reception of material sent in these ways and its effect on the mood in Paris, the objectives of the authorities and the state of the war effort and shows how early the French military developed techniques of aviation and propaganda for warfare, even though memory of this was lost and had to be re-invented in later wars.
{"title":"The balloon post during the siege of Paris, 1870–71","authors":"T. Baycroft, Bernard Wilkin","doi":"10.1080/07292473.2023.2210896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2023.2210896","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates the development of balloon and pigeon-sent microfilm, both for military purposes and as a propaganda technique in besieged Paris in 1870–1871. It examines the aerial press used to communicate with the provinces, to help coordinate the actions of the French army, and to boost civilian morale. It analyses the content and reception of material sent in these ways and its effect on the mood in Paris, the objectives of the authorities and the state of the war effort and shows how early the French military developed techniques of aviation and propaganda for warfare, even though memory of this was lost and had to be re-invented in later wars.","PeriodicalId":43656,"journal":{"name":"War & Society","volume":"42 1","pages":"215 - 232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47459698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-08DOI: 10.1080/07292473.2023.2210897
Alexandros Makris
Care for the veterans of the Greek ‘war-decade’ (1912–22) was an enormous task. Greece’s response to this new social issue was not any kind of Greek exceptionalism. On the contrary, it was in line with significant international developments during this era. In Greece there was a crucial shift regarding veterans’ welfare aiming at their professional rehabilitation, similar to the processes that were taking place in other former belligerent nations. This article explores the establishment and effectiveness of these mechanisms and assesses the international influences on this field.
{"title":"Domestic dimensions of a transnational problem: social welfare for veterans in Greece (1912–1940)","authors":"Alexandros Makris","doi":"10.1080/07292473.2023.2210897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2023.2210897","url":null,"abstract":"Care for the veterans of the Greek ‘war-decade’ (1912–22) was an enormous task. Greece’s response to this new social issue was not any kind of Greek exceptionalism. On the contrary, it was in line with significant international developments during this era. In Greece there was a crucial shift regarding veterans’ welfare aiming at their professional rehabilitation, similar to the processes that were taking place in other former belligerent nations. This article explores the establishment and effectiveness of these mechanisms and assesses the international influences on this field.","PeriodicalId":43656,"journal":{"name":"War & Society","volume":"42 1","pages":"251 - 266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41885928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.1080/07292473.2023.2189345
Alessandro De Cola
The article focusses on transformations in the military labour regimes brought about by the recruitment of African soldiers during the early years of the Italian colony of Eritrea, by analysing colonial reports, correspondence and official regulations. On the one hand, it demonstrates that the lack of complete political control forced the Italians to adapt to the local multiple currency system for the building and maintenance of the indigenous corps. On the other hand, it shows that money was employed in colonial discourse and practice as a tool to facilitate the regularisation of indigenous soldiers.
{"title":"Money and the Regularisation of African Soldiers in the Early Phase of Italian Colonialism in Eritrea","authors":"Alessandro De Cola","doi":"10.1080/07292473.2023.2189345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2023.2189345","url":null,"abstract":"The article focusses on transformations in the military labour regimes brought about by the recruitment of African soldiers during the early years of the Italian colony of Eritrea, by analysing colonial reports, correspondence and official regulations. On the one hand, it demonstrates that the lack of complete political control forced the Italians to adapt to the local multiple currency system for the building and maintenance of the indigenous corps. On the other hand, it shows that money was employed in colonial discourse and practice as a tool to facilitate the regularisation of indigenous soldiers.","PeriodicalId":43656,"journal":{"name":"War & Society","volume":"42 1","pages":"140 - 156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41846420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-28DOI: 10.1080/07292473.2023.2178111
Xiaobing Li
Western scholars agree that Chinese military history remains understudied, and the history of China’s warfare overlooked. Before the 1970s, specialisation in Chinese military history was absent in Western academia and was a relatively new phenomenon. Since the 1980s, the study of Chinese warfare in the West has evolved significantly. Some attribute this to heightened tensions during the Cold War. ‘If military history is to help us meet this crisis, surely it must take account of the Chinese experience in conducting warfare and also in avoiding it’. 1 In the 2000s, when China rose to world military power status, historians explored untapped sources and addressed important issues such as the Chinese way of war, its strategic culture, military modernisation, and asymmetrical warfare. This essay provides a brief survey of the study of Chinese military history in the West from the last forty years as well as addressing a few current issues in the field. Since it is impossible for this author to recount every aspect of English-language Chinese military historiography from 1982–2023, the essay highlights some changes, a few conceptualisations, recent research foci, source availability, and new efforts in case studies and social components in Chinese military history research.
{"title":"Chinese military history research in the past forty years","authors":"Xiaobing Li","doi":"10.1080/07292473.2023.2178111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2023.2178111","url":null,"abstract":"Western scholars agree that Chinese military history remains understudied, and the history of China’s warfare overlooked. Before the 1970s, specialisation in Chinese military history was absent in Western academia and was a relatively new phenomenon. Since the 1980s, the study of Chinese warfare in the West has evolved significantly. Some attribute this to heightened tensions during the Cold War. ‘If military history is to help us meet this crisis, surely it must take account of the Chinese experience in conducting warfare and also in avoiding it’. 1 In the 2000s, when China rose to world military power status, historians explored untapped sources and addressed important issues such as the Chinese way of war, its strategic culture, military modernisation, and asymmetrical warfare. This essay provides a brief survey of the study of Chinese military history in the West from the last forty years as well as addressing a few current issues in the field. Since it is impossible for this author to recount every aspect of English-language Chinese military historiography from 1982–2023, the essay highlights some changes, a few conceptualisations, recent research foci, source availability, and new efforts in case studies and social components in Chinese military history research.","PeriodicalId":43656,"journal":{"name":"War & Society","volume":"42 1","pages":"197 - 213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45976073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-24DOI: 10.1080/07292473.2023.2178108
Peter Overlack
Some Australian historians still fail to acknowledge that the young Commonwealth faced an existential threat in the First World War. Such an assessment is untenable in the light of the evidence available in the German archives. The German Naval Intelligence System was central to the economic warfare planning of Germany’s East Asian Cruiser Squadron, which aimed to interdict raw material and food exports from Australia to Britain in the event of war and bombard port infrastructure. Australian defence capabilities and economic production were reported on, and assessed, at the highest levels in Berlin. This required the establishment of an intelligence gathering network managed by the various German consulates in Australasian cities who employed leading businessmen loyal to the German empire.
一些澳大利亚历史学家仍然不承认，年轻的联邦在第一次世界大战中面临着生死存亡的威胁。鉴于德国档案中现有的证据，这种评价是站不住脚的。德国海军情报系统是德国东亚巡洋舰中队(East Asian Cruiser Squadron)经济战计划的核心，该中队的目标是在战争爆发时阻断从澳大利亚到英国的原材料和食品出口，并轰炸港口基础设施。在柏林，澳大利亚的国防能力和经济生产得到了最高级别的报告和评估。这需要建立一个情报收集网络，由澳大利亚各城市的德国领事馆管理，这些领事馆雇佣忠于德意志帝国的主要商人。
{"title":"The German Naval Intelligence Network in East Asia and Australia before the First World War","authors":"Peter Overlack","doi":"10.1080/07292473.2023.2178108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2023.2178108","url":null,"abstract":"Some Australian historians still fail to acknowledge that the young Commonwealth faced an existential threat in the First World War. Such an assessment is untenable in the light of the evidence available in the German archives. The German Naval Intelligence System was central to the economic warfare planning of Germany’s East Asian Cruiser Squadron, which aimed to interdict raw material and food exports from Australia to Britain in the event of war and bombard port infrastructure. Australian defence capabilities and economic production were reported on, and assessed, at the highest levels in Berlin. This required the establishment of an intelligence gathering network managed by the various German consulates in Australasian cities who employed leading businessmen loyal to the German empire.","PeriodicalId":43656,"journal":{"name":"War & Society","volume":"42 1","pages":"157 - 177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46539157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-15DOI: 10.1080/07292473.2023.2179171
A. Tzavaras
Contemporary European perceptions of Sultan Süleyman the Magnificent’s naval power inflated its actual strength. Using accounts of ambassadors and spies, this article juxtaposes the ‘fear of the Turk’ that captured Christian Europe’s imagination to the observation of the Ottoman navy. It will be argued that the sultan’s relationship with the North African corsairs and their judicious application of military power lent itself to exaggerated perceptions of Suleyman’s naval strength and his military reach.
{"title":"Two Perceptions of Süleyman’s ‘Magnificent’ Navy during the Later Italian Wars","authors":"A. Tzavaras","doi":"10.1080/07292473.2023.2179171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2023.2179171","url":null,"abstract":"Contemporary European perceptions of Sultan Süleyman the Magnificent’s naval power inflated its actual strength. Using accounts of ambassadors and spies, this article juxtaposes the ‘fear of the Turk’ that captured Christian Europe’s imagination to the observation of the Ottoman navy. It will be argued that the sultan’s relationship with the North African corsairs and their judicious application of military power lent itself to exaggerated perceptions of Suleyman’s naval strength and his military reach.","PeriodicalId":43656,"journal":{"name":"War & Society","volume":"42 1","pages":"123 - 139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41714431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-14DOI: 10.1080/07292473.2023.2178109
M. Samuels
Although much has been written about the arguments between Churchill and Auchinleck over when Eighth Army should move over to the offensive in the spring of 1942, the plans for that offensive have been almost entirely overlooked in the literature. Drawing on the records in the archives, and on Auchinleck’s personal correspondence, reveals a planning process characterised by disagreements between the senior officers involved, a lack of urgency, and a flawed operational concept.
{"title":"Operation Buckshot: Churchill’s Forgotten Offensive against Rommel, March-May 1942","authors":"M. Samuels","doi":"10.1080/07292473.2023.2178109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2023.2178109","url":null,"abstract":"Although much has been written about the arguments between Churchill and Auchinleck over when Eighth Army should move over to the offensive in the spring of 1942, the plans for that offensive have been almost entirely overlooked in the literature. Drawing on the records in the archives, and on Auchinleck’s personal correspondence, reveals a planning process characterised by disagreements between the senior officers involved, a lack of urgency, and a flawed operational concept.","PeriodicalId":43656,"journal":{"name":"War & Society","volume":"42 1","pages":"178 - 196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48066402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.1080/07292473.2023.2150485
J. Beaumont
Over the past century Australian historiography of war has ranged from strategy, command, battle and defence policy to the social, political, and cultural aspects of conflict. Historians themselves have mirrored this diversity. A gulf has often existed between chauvinistic popular history and the more critical scholarly research; while academic historians have been divided, between operational historians, who have eschewed theory in favour of narrative and empiricism, and social and cultural historians who have embraced successive waves of theoretical paradigms. The ‘greater’ historiography of the national experience of war would be enriched by a more active dialogue across these divides, as well as a deeper engagement with the economics and finance of war, and with the insights afforded by transnational history.
{"title":"Australian military historiography","authors":"J. Beaumont","doi":"10.1080/07292473.2023.2150485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2023.2150485","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past century Australian historiography of war has ranged from strategy, command, battle and defence policy to the social, political, and cultural aspects of conflict. Historians themselves have mirrored this diversity. A gulf has often existed between chauvinistic popular history and the more critical scholarly research; while academic historians have been divided, between operational historians, who have eschewed theory in favour of narrative and empiricism, and social and cultural historians who have embraced successive waves of theoretical paradigms. The ‘greater’ historiography of the national experience of war would be enriched by a more active dialogue across these divides, as well as a deeper engagement with the economics and finance of war, and with the insights afforded by transnational history.","PeriodicalId":43656,"journal":{"name":"War & Society","volume":"42 1","pages":"99 - 121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47947910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：