Pub Date : 2023-08-14DOI: 10.1080/07292473.2023.2245254
E. O'keeffe
This article examines the hitherto overlooked contribution of military charities to veteran welfare and reintegration after the First World War. I use the records of the King’s Own Scottish Borderers Association War Memorial Fund (KOSB WMF), which operated similarly to other regimental charities, to argue that the scale of this apparatus – its social reach and its funding capacity – may be comparable to the better-known and nationally recognised British Legion. It thus represents an important arena to examine processes that informed veteran reintegration, especially for the wider, non-disabled veteran population whose experiences have been largely omitted from histories of veteran welfare. These archives not only demonstrate the interventions of military associational life in veteran welfare. They also provide an entry point to examine how the system worked holistically. Military charities, like the KOSB WMF, represented one of a range of agencies that cooperated to support veterans in the ‘mixed economy of welfare’. Their bureaucratic archival traces provide a productive route to illuminate the relationships behind fund allocation and delivery and to assess what politics animated these processes.
{"title":"Paying the Debts of the ‘Economy of Sacrifice’: Military Charities as Brokers in Veteran Care, 1919–1929","authors":"E. O'keeffe","doi":"10.1080/07292473.2023.2245254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2023.2245254","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the hitherto overlooked contribution of military charities to veteran welfare and reintegration after the First World War. I use the records of the King’s Own Scottish Borderers Association War Memorial Fund (KOSB WMF), which operated similarly to other regimental charities, to argue that the scale of this apparatus – its social reach and its funding capacity – may be comparable to the better-known and nationally recognised British Legion. It thus represents an important arena to examine processes that informed veteran reintegration, especially for the wider, non-disabled veteran population whose experiences have been largely omitted from histories of veteran welfare. These archives not only demonstrate the interventions of military associational life in veteran welfare. They also provide an entry point to examine how the system worked holistically. Military charities, like the KOSB WMF, represented one of a range of agencies that cooperated to support veterans in the ‘mixed economy of welfare’. Their bureaucratic archival traces provide a productive route to illuminate the relationships behind fund allocation and delivery and to assess what politics animated these processes.","PeriodicalId":43656,"journal":{"name":"War & Society","volume":"42 1","pages":"332 - 348"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42066312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-14DOI: 10.1080/07292473.2023.2245257
Laura McEnaney
Military welfare history as a scholarly project is both well developed and still evolving. We now have a substantive community of scholars who have produced a robust body of literature. But what about the teaching project? How can we ‘translate’ military welfare scholarship into lesson plans? How can we share scholarly findings and questions with new generations of students – and, indeed, with public audiences of all kinds? This article reflects on military welfare history as a pedagogy project, offering some reflections on how we can rethink our approaches to teaching academic research in our classrooms – wherever they may be.
{"title":"Military welfare history in the classroom: converting research passions into lesson plans","authors":"Laura McEnaney","doi":"10.1080/07292473.2023.2245257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2023.2245257","url":null,"abstract":"Military welfare history as a scholarly project is both well developed and still evolving. We now have a substantive community of scholars who have produced a robust body of literature. But what about the teaching project? How can we ‘translate’ military welfare scholarship into lesson plans? How can we share scholarly findings and questions with new generations of students – and, indeed, with public audiences of all kinds? This article reflects on military welfare history as a pedagogy project, offering some reflections on how we can rethink our approaches to teaching academic research in our classrooms – wherever they may be.","PeriodicalId":43656,"journal":{"name":"War & Society","volume":"42 1","pages":"381 - 389"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44315898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-09DOI: 10.1080/07292473.2023.2245253
S. Correia
The First World War deployed means of combat that brought about devastating effects on the minds and bodies of the men who fought it. In keeping with the sources available for the study of Portuguese soldiers, this article aims to explore the ways in which war disabilities were perceived and represented within the post-war context, stemming from the hegemonic discourses of masculinity. Overlapping masculinity and disability, I show how the ideals of the former (preceding the conflict and being mobilised by it) were subsequently invoked by disabled Portuguese veterans in their public demands for recognition. I also demonstrate the continuity of pre-war cultural representations of masculinity and disability despite the deep impacts inflicted by the conflict on the men and Portuguese society.
{"title":"Framing War Disability through Masculinity: The Disabled Soldiers of the First World War in Portugal","authors":"S. Correia","doi":"10.1080/07292473.2023.2245253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2023.2245253","url":null,"abstract":"The First World War deployed means of combat that brought about devastating effects on the minds and bodies of the men who fought it. In keeping with the sources available for the study of Portuguese soldiers, this article aims to explore the ways in which war disabilities were perceived and represented within the post-war context, stemming from the hegemonic discourses of masculinity. Overlapping masculinity and disability, I show how the ideals of the former (preceding the conflict and being mobilised by it) were subsequently invoked by disabled Portuguese veterans in their public demands for recognition. I also demonstrate the continuity of pre-war cultural representations of masculinity and disability despite the deep impacts inflicted by the conflict on the men and Portuguese society.","PeriodicalId":43656,"journal":{"name":"War & Society","volume":"42 1","pages":"317 - 331"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44010508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-09DOI: 10.1080/07292473.2023.2245256
C. Moore
More than a quarter million Filipino soldiers fought under American command during the Second World War, but the US Congress declared in 1946 that the vast majority would be ineligible to receive benefits under the GI Bill, a landmark piece of social legislation that provided financial and educational assistance to most veterans of the war. This article examines the contested politics of denying these benefits to veterans of the Philippine Commonwealth Army. It demonstrates how the US Federal Government’s efforts to suppress its imperial past shaped military welfare policy in the post-war era.
{"title":"Soldiers of a forgotten empire: American memory and the battle for Filipino veterans’ benefits","authors":"C. Moore","doi":"10.1080/07292473.2023.2245256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2023.2245256","url":null,"abstract":"More than a quarter million Filipino soldiers fought under American command during the Second World War, but the US Congress declared in 1946 that the vast majority would be ineligible to receive benefits under the GI Bill, a landmark piece of social legislation that provided financial and educational assistance to most veterans of the war. This article examines the contested politics of denying these benefits to veterans of the Philippine Commonwealth Army. It demonstrates how the US Federal Government’s efforts to suppress its imperial past shaped military welfare policy in the post-war era.","PeriodicalId":43656,"journal":{"name":"War & Society","volume":"42 1","pages":"366 - 380"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43081297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-19DOI: 10.1080/07292473.2023.2223837
K. Roy
The British-officered Indian Army (colonial Indian Army/Sepoy Army) was the principal pillar of the British Empire in India. This force constituted the main item of expenditure in the state budget. Modern historical writing on the Indian colonial armed forces started in the 1970s. This survey is organised along four interrelated themes of war and the British–Indian state, British–Indian armed forces and Indian society, warfare and British-India’s military culture, and finally the British–Indian military as a combat organisation. It charts the trends and shifts in historical writings in the field of British-era Indian militaries.
{"title":"Revisiting British–India’s Military Historiography","authors":"K. Roy","doi":"10.1080/07292473.2023.2223837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2023.2223837","url":null,"abstract":"The British-officered Indian Army (colonial Indian Army/Sepoy Army) was the principal pillar of the British Empire in India. This force constituted the main item of expenditure in the state budget. Modern historical writing on the Indian colonial armed forces started in the 1970s. This survey is organised along four interrelated themes of war and the British–Indian state, British–Indian armed forces and Indian society, warfare and British-India’s military culture, and finally the British–Indian military as a combat organisation. It charts the trends and shifts in historical writings in the field of British-era Indian militaries.","PeriodicalId":43656,"journal":{"name":"War & Society","volume":"42 1","pages":"283 - 303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44710485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-14DOI: 10.1080/07292473.2023.2223836
Junhui Qin
This article examines Inner Mongolian nationalism, which was promoted by Japan in Inner Mongolia during the Sino-Japanese War through the intermediary of Mongolian Buddhist Lamaism. It reveals the competition for the religious support of Lamaism among the nationalist political parties in Inner Mongolia, the reformation of Lamaism carried out by the Japanese under the slogan of Mongolian national awakening, and how the Japanese integrated this work into their larger Asian goals, specifically the Japanese army’s promotion of its own Pan-Asianism among other Asian peoples as the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere.
{"title":"Religion and Nationalism: Reform of Lamaism in Inner Mongolia by the Japanese","authors":"Junhui Qin","doi":"10.1080/07292473.2023.2223836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2023.2223836","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines Inner Mongolian nationalism, which was promoted by Japan in Inner Mongolia during the Sino-Japanese War through the intermediary of Mongolian Buddhist Lamaism. It reveals the competition for the religious support of Lamaism among the nationalist political parties in Inner Mongolia, the reformation of Lamaism carried out by the Japanese under the slogan of Mongolian national awakening, and how the Japanese integrated this work into their larger Asian goals, specifically the Japanese army’s promotion of its own Pan-Asianism among other Asian peoples as the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere.","PeriodicalId":43656,"journal":{"name":"War & Society","volume":"42 1","pages":"267 - 282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41897416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-26DOI: 10.1080/07292473.2023.2215035
Lindsey R. Peterson
This article examines how white Kansan Union veterans and their families commemorated the American Civil War throughout the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries. Kansans’ post-war narratives, including a monument erected to Gen. James B. McPherson in 1917, constructed a legacy of the war that asserted the Union war effort preserved the trans-Mississippi West for free-labour and celebrated veteran-pioneers for fulfilling the promise of a free-labour American empire by migrating to Kansas post-war. Distinct from their eastern counterparts, Kansan Union veterans and their families wielded collective memories of the Civil War as a tool of colonisation in the American West.
这篇文章考察了白人堪萨斯联盟退伍军人和他们的家人如何在19世纪末和20世纪初纪念美国内战。堪萨斯人的战后叙述，包括1917年为詹姆斯·b·麦克弗森将军(Gen. James B. McPherson)建立的纪念碑，构建了这场战争的遗产，宣称联邦的战争努力为自由劳工保留了横跨密西西比的西部地区，并赞扬老兵先驱们在战后移民到堪萨斯，实现了建立一个自由劳工的美国帝国的承诺。与东部不同的是，堪萨斯联盟的退伍军人和他们的家人将内战的集体记忆作为美国西部殖民的工具。
{"title":"‘The Defenders, Protectors and Builders of Our State’: The Colonial Legacy of Union Civil War Commemorations in Kansas, 1870s–1910s","authors":"Lindsey R. Peterson","doi":"10.1080/07292473.2023.2215035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2023.2215035","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines how white Kansan Union veterans and their families commemorated the American Civil War throughout the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries. Kansans’ post-war narratives, including a monument erected to Gen. James B. McPherson in 1917, constructed a legacy of the war that asserted the Union war effort preserved the trans-Mississippi West for free-labour and celebrated veteran-pioneers for fulfilling the promise of a free-labour American empire by migrating to Kansas post-war. Distinct from their eastern counterparts, Kansan Union veterans and their families wielded collective memories of the Civil War as a tool of colonisation in the American West.","PeriodicalId":43656,"journal":{"name":"War & Society","volume":"42 1","pages":"233 - 250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48030562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-12DOI: 10.1080/07292473.2023.2210896
T. Baycroft, Bernard Wilkin
This article investigates the development of balloon and pigeon-sent microfilm, both for military purposes and as a propaganda technique in besieged Paris in 1870–1871. It examines the aerial press used to communicate with the provinces, to help coordinate the actions of the French army, and to boost civilian morale. It analyses the content and reception of material sent in these ways and its effect on the mood in Paris, the objectives of the authorities and the state of the war effort and shows how early the French military developed techniques of aviation and propaganda for warfare, even though memory of this was lost and had to be re-invented in later wars.
{"title":"The balloon post during the siege of Paris, 1870–71","authors":"T. Baycroft, Bernard Wilkin","doi":"10.1080/07292473.2023.2210896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2023.2210896","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates the development of balloon and pigeon-sent microfilm, both for military purposes and as a propaganda technique in besieged Paris in 1870–1871. It examines the aerial press used to communicate with the provinces, to help coordinate the actions of the French army, and to boost civilian morale. It analyses the content and reception of material sent in these ways and its effect on the mood in Paris, the objectives of the authorities and the state of the war effort and shows how early the French military developed techniques of aviation and propaganda for warfare, even though memory of this was lost and had to be re-invented in later wars.","PeriodicalId":43656,"journal":{"name":"War & Society","volume":"42 1","pages":"215 - 232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47459698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-08DOI: 10.1080/07292473.2023.2210897
Alexandros Makris
Care for the veterans of the Greek ‘war-decade’ (1912–22) was an enormous task. Greece’s response to this new social issue was not any kind of Greek exceptionalism. On the contrary, it was in line with significant international developments during this era. In Greece there was a crucial shift regarding veterans’ welfare aiming at their professional rehabilitation, similar to the processes that were taking place in other former belligerent nations. This article explores the establishment and effectiveness of these mechanisms and assesses the international influences on this field.
{"title":"Domestic dimensions of a transnational problem: social welfare for veterans in Greece (1912–1940)","authors":"Alexandros Makris","doi":"10.1080/07292473.2023.2210897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2023.2210897","url":null,"abstract":"Care for the veterans of the Greek ‘war-decade’ (1912–22) was an enormous task. Greece’s response to this new social issue was not any kind of Greek exceptionalism. On the contrary, it was in line with significant international developments during this era. In Greece there was a crucial shift regarding veterans’ welfare aiming at their professional rehabilitation, similar to the processes that were taking place in other former belligerent nations. This article explores the establishment and effectiveness of these mechanisms and assesses the international influences on this field.","PeriodicalId":43656,"journal":{"name":"War & Society","volume":"42 1","pages":"251 - 266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41885928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.1080/07292473.2023.2189345
Alessandro De Cola
The article focusses on transformations in the military labour regimes brought about by the recruitment of African soldiers during the early years of the Italian colony of Eritrea, by analysing colonial reports, correspondence and official regulations. On the one hand, it demonstrates that the lack of complete political control forced the Italians to adapt to the local multiple currency system for the building and maintenance of the indigenous corps. On the other hand, it shows that money was employed in colonial discourse and practice as a tool to facilitate the regularisation of indigenous soldiers.
{"title":"Money and the Regularisation of African Soldiers in the Early Phase of Italian Colonialism in Eritrea","authors":"Alessandro De Cola","doi":"10.1080/07292473.2023.2189345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2023.2189345","url":null,"abstract":"The article focusses on transformations in the military labour regimes brought about by the recruitment of African soldiers during the early years of the Italian colony of Eritrea, by analysing colonial reports, correspondence and official regulations. On the one hand, it demonstrates that the lack of complete political control forced the Italians to adapt to the local multiple currency system for the building and maintenance of the indigenous corps. On the other hand, it shows that money was employed in colonial discourse and practice as a tool to facilitate the regularisation of indigenous soldiers.","PeriodicalId":43656,"journal":{"name":"War & Society","volume":"42 1","pages":"140 - 156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41846420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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