Published in 2020, The Belgorod Line. History. Fortification. People, a book by Andrey Papkov, Nikolay Petrukhintsev, and Dmitry Khitrov is the first attempt to understand and update modern achievements in studying the Belgorod Line. The authors reveal the historical specifics behind the construction of this military-defensive line in the broad historical context of the seventeenth century. They show the background of events (before 1635), the building process, and the social processes after the line was erected (1658). A special place is given to the military reforms of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, preceding the famous army reforms of Peter the Great. The Belgorod Line. History. Fortification. People allows the scholarly community to move to a new stage in understanding the features of the social and military history of the southern border of Russia, but first, it is important to understand the political context of the events of the construction of the Belgorod line. Until 1645, the construction of fortifications was not systematic. But after the accession to the throne of Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov, the construction of the Belgorod line acquired a clear logic. However, in 1654 Russia entered the war with Poland, and the military potential of the southern Russian border was used for other military tasks in the west. This political context of the development of events is reflected in the book under review.
{"title":"The Belgorod Line as an Object of Research: Heuristic and Analytical Possibilities of Traditional and Modern Historical Methods","authors":"D. Lyapin","doi":"10.15826/qr.2023.2.813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2023.2.813","url":null,"abstract":"Published in 2020, The Belgorod Line. History. Fortification. People, a book by Andrey Papkov, Nikolay Petrukhintsev, and Dmitry Khitrov is the first attempt to understand and update modern achievements in studying the Belgorod Line. The authors reveal the historical specifics behind the construction of this military-defensive line in the broad historical context of the seventeenth century. They show the background of events (before 1635), the building process, and the social processes after the line was erected (1658). A special place is given to the military reforms of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, preceding the famous army reforms of Peter the Great. The Belgorod Line. History. Fortification. People allows the scholarly community to move to a new stage in understanding the features of the social and military history of the southern border of Russia, but first, it is important to understand the political context of the events of the construction of the Belgorod line. Until 1645, the construction of fortifications was not systematic. But after the accession to the throne of Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov, the construction of the Belgorod line acquired a clear logic. However, in 1654 Russia entered the war with Poland, and the military potential of the southern Russian border was used for other military tasks in the west. This political context of the development of events is reflected in the book under review.","PeriodicalId":43664,"journal":{"name":"Quaestio Rossica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44499322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article presents the results of the study of the composition of secret societies and the military conspiracy of the Decembrists conducted by the author over 20 years. One of the main tasks of this work was to identify the unknown Decembrists who remained unnoticed during the government investigation and, for the most part, in historiography. The article considers members of secret societies and participants of the military uprisings of 1825–1826, little-known in literature and never previously identified. The relevance and academic significance of the reconstruction based on the extant source data consists in the development of existing ideas about the Decembrist movement. The author clarifies insufficiently studied specific episodes of the history of secret societies, adjusting the biographies of identified participants, including those known in a general historical context. The article examines the personalities of the newly identified members of secret societies (K. M. Poltoratsky, S. S. Lanskoy, I. M. Lyubovsky, P. A. Nabokov, F. S. Panyutin). The affiliation of the personalities considered to conspiratorial unions is associated with issues little-studied in the history of Decembrism: the involvement of persons endowed with high official status and public authority in the movement, the spread of the Decembrist society among provincial officials, the involvement in the movement of regimental commanders, who the initiators of the “southern uprising” (Chernigov regiment) relied on in their plans. Other cases discussed in the article explore the participation in Decembrist unions of representatives of the capital’s merchants, and naval officers, unnoticed by the investigation of the participants in the St Petersburg conspiracy of 1825. Special attention is paid to the evidence base; the author evaluates the reliability of documentary indications, verifies them against other evidence, and reveals the channels for obtaining information to the authors of the evidence, which makes it possible to conclude that the affiliation of identified persons with the Decembrist societies is substantiated by documents.
这篇文章介绍了作者20多年来对秘密社团的组成和十二月党人的军事阴谋进行研究的结果。这项工作的主要任务之一是确定那些在政府调查中未被注意到的不知名的十二月党人，在很大程度上，在历史编纂中。这篇文章考虑了秘密社团的成员和1825-1826年军事起义的参与者，他们在文学中鲜为人知，以前也从未被发现过。基于现存原始资料的重建的相关性和学术意义在于对十二月党人运动的现有观念的发展。作者澄清了研究不足的秘密社团历史的具体事件，调整了已确定的参与者的传记，包括那些在一般历史背景下已知的人。这篇文章考察了新发现的秘密社团成员的个性(K. M. Poltoratsky, S. S. Lanskoy, I. M. Lyubovsky, P. A. Nabokov, F. S. Panyutin)。被认为是阴谋联盟的人物的隶属关系与十二月党人历史上很少研究的问题有关:在运动中被赋予高级官员地位和公共权力的人的参与，十二月党人社会在省级官员中的传播，参与运动的团指挥官，“南方起义”(切尔尼戈夫团)的发起人在他们的计划中依赖于他们。文章中讨论的其他案例探讨了首都商人代表和海军军官参加十二月党人工会的情况，而对1825年圣彼得堡阴谋参与者的调查却没有注意到这一点。特别注意证据基础;发件人评估了文件记载的可靠性，对照其他证据加以核实，并向证据的作者透露了获取资料的渠道，从而可以得出结论，文件证实了已查明的人与12月党人团体的联系。
{"title":"New Personalities of Participants of the Russian Secret Societies of the 1810s–1820s: Touches to the Traditional Picture of the Decembrist Movement","authors":"P. Ilyin","doi":"10.15826/qr.2023.2.798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2023.2.798","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the results of the study of the composition of secret societies and the military conspiracy of the Decembrists conducted by the author over 20 years. One of the main tasks of this work was to identify the unknown Decembrists who remained unnoticed during the government investigation and, for the most part, in historiography. The article considers members of secret societies and participants of the military uprisings of 1825–1826, little-known in literature and never previously identified. The relevance and academic significance of the reconstruction based on the extant source data consists in the development of existing ideas about the Decembrist movement. The author clarifies insufficiently studied specific episodes of the history of secret societies, adjusting the biographies of identified participants, including those known in a general historical context. The article examines the personalities of the newly identified members of secret societies (K. M. Poltoratsky, S. S. Lanskoy, I. M. Lyubovsky, P. A. Nabokov, F. S. Panyutin). The affiliation of the personalities considered to conspiratorial unions is associated with issues little-studied in the history of Decembrism: the involvement of persons endowed with high official status and public authority in the movement, the spread of the Decembrist society among provincial officials, the involvement in the movement of regimental commanders, who the initiators of the “southern uprising” (Chernigov regiment) relied on in their plans. Other cases discussed in the article explore the participation in Decembrist unions of representatives of the capital’s merchants, and naval officers, unnoticed by the investigation of the participants in the St Petersburg conspiracy of 1825. Special attention is paid to the evidence base; the author evaluates the reliability of documentary indications, verifies them against other evidence, and reveals the channels for obtaining information to the authors of the evidence, which makes it possible to conclude that the affiliation of identified persons with the Decembrist societies is substantiated by documents.","PeriodicalId":43664,"journal":{"name":"Quaestio Rossica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43547085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article analyses a monograph on the political biography of Alikhan Bukeikhanov, an outstanding researcher and public figure of Kazakhstan, written by a Russian author. The undeniable achievements of Kazakh historiography consist in the introduction to academic use of a significant volume of sources about the life and activities of the participants of the Alash movement and their fate in the Soviet state. Documents and literature on A. Bukeikhanov occupy a significant place among them. The book by V. I. Kozodoy assesses some misconceptions and unsubstantiated assertions entrenched in historiography concerning terminological inaccuracies and episodes of the character’s life. At the same time, the book contains hypotheses and assumptions which are not substantiated. Meanwhile, in the reviewer’s opinion, they become the basis for making fundamental conclusions and revising the predecessors’ assessments. While Kozodoy selectively addresses studies by Russian historians, conceptually, his book is based on Kazakh historiography. Following it, he portrays Bukeykhanov as a founder of modern democratic independent Kazakhstan, compares him to M. Kemal (Ataturk), and characterizes the revolutionary process and civil war as Kazakhs’ struggle for independence. The analysis makes it possible to estimate Kozodoy’s monograph not so much as a scholarly project but as an important part of the nation-building political mythology of modern Kazakhstan.
{"title":"The Founder of Kazakh Autonomy as Seen by a Modern Russian Author","authors":"V. Rynkov","doi":"10.15826/qr.2023.2.814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2023.2.814","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyses a monograph on the political biography of Alikhan Bukeikhanov, an outstanding researcher and public figure of Kazakhstan, written by a Russian author. The undeniable achievements of Kazakh historiography consist in the introduction to academic use of a significant volume of sources about the life and activities of the participants of the Alash movement and their fate in the Soviet state. Documents and literature on A. Bukeikhanov occupy a significant place among them. The book by V. I. Kozodoy assesses some misconceptions and unsubstantiated assertions entrenched in historiography concerning terminological inaccuracies and episodes of the character’s life. At the same time, the book contains hypotheses and assumptions which are not substantiated. Meanwhile, in the reviewer’s opinion, they become the basis for making fundamental conclusions and revising the predecessors’ assessments. While Kozodoy selectively addresses studies by Russian historians, conceptually, his book is based on Kazakh historiography. Following it, he portrays Bukeykhanov as a founder of modern democratic independent Kazakhstan, compares him to M. Kemal (Ataturk), and characterizes the revolutionary process and civil war as Kazakhs’ struggle for independence. The analysis makes it possible to estimate Kozodoy’s monograph not so much as a scholarly project but as an important part of the nation-building political mythology of modern Kazakhstan.","PeriodicalId":43664,"journal":{"name":"Quaestio Rossica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46894983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is a great deal of recent scholarship exploring how foreign news reached early modern Russia and what its impact there was. Of particular importance is the study of the kuranty, the translations of Western newspapers and pamphlets. By examining closely what may seem to have been an unusual choice to translate from Dutch newspapers – the cargo lists of Dutch ships from the East Indies – this article suggests how it might be possible to contextualize the news translations more broadly than has been done to date. It is important to examine the significance of the news where it originally appeared, since its significance in the Russian context may be quite different. And it is also important not just to focus on the Russian government’s interest in the political news that informed its foreign policy. Over a period of decades, the importance given certain topics may have changed. The interests of the translators themselves – among them Andrei Vinius – may help to explain why they selected particular items for translation from the substantial quantity of foreign news which began to arrive in Moscow regularly upon the establishment of the foreign postal connection in 1665. The article is published in two parts, the first one here covering the background and the analysis of the evidence up through 1665. The second part, to appear in a subsequent number of the journal, will deal with the lading lists of 1667 and 1671 and the complex analysis of the context within which they may have been of particular interest in Moscow.
{"title":"The Kuranty in Context: Dutch Lading Lists and Their Russian Translations. Part 1","authors":"D. Waugh","doi":"10.15826/qr.2023.2.796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2023.2.796","url":null,"abstract":"There is a great deal of recent scholarship exploring how foreign news reached early modern Russia and what its impact there was. Of particular importance is the study of the kuranty, the translations of Western newspapers and pamphlets. By examining closely what may seem to have been an unusual choice to translate from Dutch newspapers – the cargo lists of Dutch ships from the East Indies – this article suggests how it might be possible to contextualize the news translations more broadly than has been done to date. It is important to examine the significance of the news where it originally appeared, since its significance in the Russian context may be quite different. And it is also important not just to focus on the Russian government’s interest in the political news that informed its foreign policy. Over a period of decades, the importance given certain topics may have changed. The interests of the translators themselves – among them Andrei Vinius – may help to explain why they selected particular items for translation from the substantial quantity of foreign news which began to arrive in Moscow regularly upon the establishment of the foreign postal connection in 1665. The article is published in two parts, the first one here covering the background and the analysis of the evidence up through 1665. The second part, to appear in a subsequent number of the journal, will deal with the lading lists of 1667 and 1671 and the complex analysis of the context within which they may have been of particular interest in Moscow.","PeriodicalId":43664,"journal":{"name":"Quaestio Rossica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46466184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines the history of the establishment of departmental medical statistics in the Russian Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia in the first half of the nineteenth century. Starting from M. Foucault’s concepts of biopolitics and governmentality, historians have studied the medical and statistical mechanisms for representing “public health” in England, France, and other West European countries in some detail. The case of the Russian Empire remains unexplored in this respect. Researchers have predominantly turned to hygienic statistics and data on mortality and fertility in Russian cities of the late imperial period, while the early period has long remained untouched. Moreover, these data have been analyzed apart from the transnational context of their creation. This article seeks to fill this gap partially. By comparing the introduction of two key medico-statistical indicators in Prussia and Russia (the nomenclature of diseases and the indicator of causes of death by disease), it has been argued that the Russian authorities, in their governing practices, followed mainly the Prussian path. In addition, both countries came to the same statistical model of representing the “public health” of the nation/empire. However, in the case of the Russian Empire, this transition was stretched over many decades and was carried out haphazardly. The article analyzes the main causes of this uneven implementation. In conclusion, it discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each country’s medical and statistical models.
{"title":"“Her Language Must Be the Language of Figures”. Medical Statistics of the Russian Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia: A Comparative Perspective","authors":"R. Mitrofanov","doi":"10.15826/qr.2023.2.801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2023.2.801","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the history of the establishment of departmental medical statistics in the Russian Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia in the first half of the nineteenth century. Starting from M. Foucault’s concepts of biopolitics and governmentality, historians have studied the medical and statistical mechanisms for representing “public health” in England, France, and other West European countries in some detail. The case of the Russian Empire remains unexplored in this respect. Researchers have predominantly turned to hygienic statistics and data on mortality and fertility in Russian cities of the late imperial period, while the early period has long remained untouched. Moreover, these data have been analyzed apart from the transnational context of their creation. This article seeks to fill this gap partially. By comparing the introduction of two key medico-statistical indicators in Prussia and Russia (the nomenclature of diseases and the indicator of causes of death by disease), it has been argued that the Russian authorities, in their governing practices, followed mainly the Prussian path. In addition, both countries came to the same statistical model of representing the “public health” of the nation/empire. However, in the case of the Russian Empire, this transition was stretched over many decades and was carried out haphazardly. The article analyzes the main causes of this uneven implementation. In conclusion, it discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each country’s medical and statistical models.","PeriodicalId":43664,"journal":{"name":"Quaestio Rossica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47389512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article analyzes a campaign to involve Russian and foreign sailors in discovering a sea route to Siberia. The campaign was launched in the 1860s–1870s by M. K. Sidorov, a Siberian gold miner and public figure (1823–1887). Sidorov’s recruiting campaign is a perfect example of an attempt to establish cooperation between segments of the imperial periphery in the realm of a private commercial project while avoiding direct participation of the imperial center. Sidorov acted as a third party in the communication between the imperial authorities and local communities, successfully pitching himself as an independent, albeit not always successful, actor. The window of opportunity for the enterprising Siberian industrialist opened due to the Great Reforms of the 1860s, which launched the process of a dynamic and multifaceted transformation of the Empire. This process was gradually encompassing the most remote borderland territories of the Empire, including those in the North. But, unlike businessmen from different classes who perceived these territories as a source of enrichment (export of timber, graphite, sea-hunting industry, fisheries, etc.), the imperial center treated its vast northern territorial possessions as a burden and did not want to invest in their development. In the 1860s–1870s, the transportation infrastructure of the northern borderland or the Empire developed largely due to specialists from Great Britain, the United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway, Finland, the Governorate of Livonia, and Estonia. The northern periphery of the Russian Empire was increasingly falling under foreign influence, which caused concern for private entrepreneurs and government officials. A way to replace foreign sailors was training indigenous peoples of the Russian North in maritime affairs.
{"title":"The Northern Sea Route: National Patriotism and Business Interests","authors":"M. Agapov","doi":"10.15826/qr.2023.2.800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2023.2.800","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyzes a campaign to involve Russian and foreign sailors in discovering a sea route to Siberia. The campaign was launched in the 1860s–1870s by M. K. Sidorov, a Siberian gold miner and public figure (1823–1887). Sidorov’s recruiting campaign is a perfect example of an attempt to establish cooperation between segments of the imperial periphery in the realm of a private commercial project while avoiding direct participation of the imperial center. Sidorov acted as a third party in the communication between the imperial authorities and local communities, successfully pitching himself as an independent, albeit not always successful, actor. The window of opportunity for the enterprising Siberian industrialist opened due to the Great Reforms of the 1860s, which launched the process of a dynamic and multifaceted transformation of the Empire. This process was gradually encompassing the most remote borderland territories of the Empire, including those in the North. But, unlike businessmen from different classes who perceived these territories as a source of enrichment (export of timber, graphite, sea-hunting industry, fisheries, etc.), the imperial center treated its vast northern territorial possessions as a burden and did not want to invest in their development. In the 1860s–1870s, the transportation infrastructure of the northern borderland or the Empire developed largely due to specialists from Great Britain, the United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway, Finland, the Governorate of Livonia, and Estonia. The northern periphery of the Russian Empire was increasingly falling under foreign influence, which caused concern for private entrepreneurs and government officials. A way to replace foreign sailors was training indigenous peoples of the Russian North in maritime affairs.","PeriodicalId":43664,"journal":{"name":"Quaestio Rossica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49355961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elena Beliakova, L. Zhurova, K. Kostromin, A. Pigin, L. Soboleva
The actualization of the study of the irrational in the interpretation of man and communication with society in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries can be explained by modern ideas about the limitless incognizability of the phenomenon of life. Rational knowledge is accompanied by knowledge of the exceptional significance of the belief in the influence of otherworldliness for certain periods of history when the totality of conflicts, clashes, and features in people’s behavior is explained through an appeal to images of demonic properties. Historians, philologists, and theologians from various Russian academic centers discuss the representation of “otherworldliness” and the prospects of its study. The panelists discuss the studies of the functional properties of otherworldliness in various spheres of life and art and its manifestation in the genres of oral and written literature. Finally, they put forward ideas about the further directions of scholarly research in the sphere.
{"title":"Demons and Heretics in Transitional Culture: Historical-Literary and Attitudinal Contexts in a Research Perspective","authors":"Elena Beliakova, L. Zhurova, K. Kostromin, A. Pigin, L. Soboleva","doi":"10.15826/qr.2023.2.810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2023.2.810","url":null,"abstract":"The actualization of the study of the irrational in the interpretation of man and communication with society in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries can be explained by modern ideas about the limitless incognizability of the phenomenon of life. Rational knowledge is accompanied by knowledge of the exceptional significance of the belief in the influence of otherworldliness for certain periods of history when the totality of conflicts, clashes, and features in people’s behavior is explained through an appeal to images of demonic properties. Historians, philologists, and theologians from various Russian academic centers discuss the representation of “otherworldliness” and the prospects of its study. The panelists discuss the studies of the functional properties of otherworldliness in various spheres of life and art and its manifestation in the genres of oral and written literature. Finally, they put forward ideas about the further directions of scholarly research in the sphere.","PeriodicalId":43664,"journal":{"name":"Quaestio Rossica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42437898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The two-year confrontation in the Ural Medical Society (hereinafter – UMS) in Yekaterinburg in 1905–1907 has not been an object of scholarly analysis previously. This is largely due to the religious aspect, i. e. the withdrawal of all Jewish doctors from the organization. The reconstruction of contradictions in the corporate medical environment of Yekaterinburg relied on the historical-genetic method within the framework of anthropologically oriented history. For information about the participants in the conflict, the author refers to a consolidated database created by him on doctors who served in Perm province. New documents from periodical press and archival funds play an essential role in understanding certain aspects of the confrontation. The article restores a complex of interconnected objective and subjective contradictions in the medical corporation of Yekaterinburg in the early twentieth century, which was aggravated during the revolutionary upheavals of 1905–1907. The determining factor for the beginning of the confrontation in the spring of 1905 was the actual erosion of the basic principle behind the UMS, which was its being apolitical. It was consistently observed starting with the establishment of the organization, which led to a deterioration in relations between its long-standing members. At the heart of acute political and interpersonal disagreements were different ideas of UMS members on national healthcare. They naturally aggravated during revolutionary upheavals and an oversaturation of the doctor “market” in Yekaterinburg. The peak of the growing confrontation was an unexpected scandal for the participants in the spring of 1906. It unfolded because of the intolerant wording in a letter asking for help with finding a qualified ophthalmologist for the eye clinic created in Yekaterinburg. Some of the members of the UMS extremely painfully perceived the harsh assessments of the ambiguous act of A. A. Mislavsky, the oldest honorary doctor of Yekaterinburg. As a result, the anti-Semitic component became not an “unfortunate misunderstanding” but a large-scale exacerbation in the long-term confrontation. In addition, the search for reasonable compromises that had begun was interrupted by external interference, which led to a new round of conflict. As a result, a large-scale confrontation in the UMS, during which its leadership changed three times, ended in considerable losses in 1907. A logical consequence was the return to apoliticism as the basic principle of UMS’s activity.
1905-1907年在叶卡捷琳堡乌拉尔医学会(以下简称乌拉尔医学会)为期两年的对抗，此前并没有成为学术分析的对象。这主要是由于宗教方面的原因，即所有犹太医生都退出了该组织。叶卡捷琳堡企业医疗环境中的矛盾重构依赖于人类学历史框架下的历史遗传学方法。关于冲突参与者的资料，提交人参考了他建立的关于在彼尔姆省服役的医生的综合数据库。来自期刊出版社和档案基金的新文件对了解对抗的某些方面起着至关重要的作用。本文还原了20世纪初叶卡捷琳堡医疗公司中相互关联的客观和主观矛盾的复杂性，这种矛盾在1905-1907年的革命动荡中加剧。1905年春天对抗开始的决定性因素是统一运动背后的基本原则的实际侵蚀，即它的非政治性。这种情况从本组织成立开始就一直存在，这导致其长期成员之间的关系恶化。在尖锐的政治和人际分歧的核心是UMS成员对国家医疗保健的不同想法。在革命动荡和叶卡捷琳堡医生“市场”过度饱和的情况下，这种情况自然会加剧。1906年春天，对参与者来说，一个意想不到的丑闻是这场日益激烈的对抗的顶峰。这起事件的起因是，在叶卡捷琳堡开设的眼科诊所里，一封寻求帮助寻找合格眼科医生的信中措辞不宽容。叶卡捷琳堡最年长的荣誉博士a·a·米拉夫斯基(A. A. Mislavsky)模棱两可的行为所招致的严厉评价，让该协会的一些成员感到极其痛苦。其结果是，反犹太成分不是一种“不幸的误解”，而是长期对抗的大规模恶化。此外，已经开始的寻求合理妥协的努力因外来干涉而中断，从而导致了新一轮的冲突。结果，联合工会内部发生了大规模的对抗，领导层三次更换，最终在1907年损失惨重。一个合乎逻辑的结果是，回归到非政治主义，将其作为UMS活动的基本原则。
{"title":"Nationalist Conflict in the Medical Corporation of Yekaterinburg: A Case Study in the Early Twentieth-Century Crisis","authors":"E. Chernoukhov","doi":"10.15826/qr.2023.2.804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2023.2.804","url":null,"abstract":"The two-year confrontation in the Ural Medical Society (hereinafter – UMS) in Yekaterinburg in 1905–1907 has not been an object of scholarly analysis previously. This is largely due to the religious aspect, i. e. the withdrawal of all Jewish doctors from the organization. The reconstruction of contradictions in the corporate medical environment of Yekaterinburg relied on the historical-genetic method within the framework of anthropologically oriented history. For information about the participants in the conflict, the author refers to a consolidated database created by him on doctors who served in Perm province. New documents from periodical press and archival funds play an essential role in understanding certain aspects of the confrontation. The article restores a complex of interconnected objective and subjective contradictions in the medical corporation of Yekaterinburg in the early twentieth century, which was aggravated during the revolutionary upheavals of 1905–1907. The determining factor for the beginning of the confrontation in the spring of 1905 was the actual erosion of the basic principle behind the UMS, which was its being apolitical. It was consistently observed starting with the establishment of the organization, which led to a deterioration in relations between its long-standing members. At the heart of acute political and interpersonal disagreements were different ideas of UMS members on national healthcare. They naturally aggravated during revolutionary upheavals and an oversaturation of the doctor “market” in Yekaterinburg. The peak of the growing confrontation was an unexpected scandal for the participants in the spring of 1906. It unfolded because of the intolerant wording in a letter asking for help with finding a qualified ophthalmologist for the eye clinic created in Yekaterinburg. Some of the members of the UMS extremely painfully perceived the harsh assessments of the ambiguous act of A. A. Mislavsky, the oldest honorary doctor of Yekaterinburg. As a result, the anti-Semitic component became not an “unfortunate misunderstanding” but a large-scale exacerbation in the long-term confrontation. In addition, the search for reasonable compromises that had begun was interrupted by external interference, which led to a new round of conflict. As a result, a large-scale confrontation in the UMS, during which its leadership changed three times, ended in considerable losses in 1907. A logical consequence was the return to apoliticism as the basic principle of UMS’s activity.","PeriodicalId":43664,"journal":{"name":"Quaestio Rossica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49003743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the 1960s–1970s, researchers focused on the figure of elder Kapiton when V. S. Shulgin and S. A. Zenkovsky simultaneously became interested in him. As a result, the image of an ascetic and charismatic leader formed, uniting small communities of followers around him. Of particular interest was the fact that Kapiton seemed to show some skepticism about some church practices before Patriarch Nikon’s liturgical reform. Thus, he appeared to be an “Old Believer” before the Raskol. While most of the documents about Kapiton’s activities rely on the testimonies of his opponents, the petition found in the State Archive of Vologda Region provides an exceptional opportunity to understand how his supporters perceived the elder. The petition shows that the monastery founded by Kapiton was divided into two opposing camps, the reconciliation between which was impossible. The sources created in these conditions deserve a particularly critical approach, so it is difficult to restore the ideas and practices characteristic of Kapiton on their basis.
{"title":"An Old Believer before the Schism: A New 17th-Century Document on Elder Kapiton","authors":"Aleksander Lavrov, A. Morokhin","doi":"10.15826/qr.2023.2.809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2023.2.809","url":null,"abstract":"In the 1960s–1970s, researchers focused on the figure of elder Kapiton when V. S. Shulgin and S. A. Zenkovsky simultaneously became interested in him. As a result, the image of an ascetic and charismatic leader formed, uniting small communities of followers around him. Of particular interest was the fact that Kapiton seemed to show some skepticism about some church practices before Patriarch Nikon’s liturgical reform. Thus, he appeared to be an “Old Believer” before the Raskol. While most of the documents about Kapiton’s activities rely on the testimonies of his opponents, the petition found in the State Archive of Vologda Region provides an exceptional opportunity to understand how his supporters perceived the elder. The petition shows that the monastery founded by Kapiton was divided into two opposing camps, the reconciliation between which was impossible. The sources created in these conditions deserve a particularly critical approach, so it is difficult to restore the ideas and practices characteristic of Kapiton on their basis.","PeriodicalId":43664,"journal":{"name":"Quaestio Rossica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47225051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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