This article reviews a monograph by E. Sashalmi, a Hungarian Russianist, dedicated to the “transtemporal” reconstruction of the political thinking of Russian writers of the early modern period. The innovation of this book lies in the “contextual” and historical-comparative approaches. Comparing the political discourse of Muscovy with the Western Christian political thought of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the author does not find the concepts of “sovereignty”, “state”, or “politics” in Russian political thinking. E. Shashalmi connects the adaptation of the idea of a “modern sovereign state” in Russian intellectual discourse with Western Russian intellectuals of the second half of the seventeenth century and Feofan Prokopovich in the early eighteenth century. While appreciating the innovative character of the research goal and approaches, the reviewers evaluate the Hungarian historian’s conclusions as historiographic clichés about the immaturity of Russian culture and the political thought of pre-Petrine Rus’. In fact, E. Shashalmi’s research concerns the Westernisation of Russian political thought. The reviewers conclude that the main difficulty of such innovative historical and comparative studies is the problem of translatability of “concepts” from one culture to another.
{"title":"The Concepts of Power and State in Russian Political Thinking: On the Difficulties of the Comparative Approach","authors":"V. Vysokova, Mikhail Kiselev","doi":"10.15826/qr.2023.4.859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2023.4.859","url":null,"abstract":"This article reviews a monograph by E. Sashalmi, a Hungarian Russianist, dedicated to the “transtemporal” reconstruction of the political thinking of Russian writers of the early modern period. The innovation of this book lies in the “contextual” and historical-comparative approaches. Comparing the political discourse of Muscovy with the Western Christian political thought of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the author does not find the concepts of “sovereignty”, “state”, or “politics” in Russian political thinking. E. Shashalmi connects the adaptation of the idea of a “modern sovereign state” in Russian intellectual discourse with Western Russian intellectuals of the second half of the seventeenth century and Feofan Prokopovich in the early eighteenth century. While appreciating the innovative character of the research goal and approaches, the reviewers evaluate the Hungarian historian’s conclusions as historiographic clichés about the immaturity of Russian culture and the political thought of pre-Petrine Rus’. In fact, E. Shashalmi’s research concerns the Westernisation of Russian political thought. The reviewers conclude that the main difficulty of such innovative historical and comparative studies is the problem of translatability of “concepts” from one culture to another.","PeriodicalId":43664,"journal":{"name":"Quaestio Rossica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138950570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines the specifics of the set of prayers in the Old Russian psalters of the Studite era (before the early fifteenth century). The psalters of this period were distinguished by a wide variety of prayers after cathismata (in contrast to the modern psalters with a fixed set of prayers). Pre-revolutionary researchers, such as archimandrite Amphilochius (Sergievsky-Kazantsev) and V. Pogorelov and modern scholars G. R. Parpulov and priest Ilia Shugaev, examined the issue. However, most of these researchers considered not all but only part of the Old Russian psalters. Since many Old Russian prayers remain unexplored and unpublished, this issue is still relevant for scholarship. This article is devoted to the parchment manuscript of the Typographic Collection No. 28 (mid-fourteenth century) kept in the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts. The set of prayers of this psalter is considered against the background of a wide range of Old Russian psalters, horologia, and liturgical collections. The manuscript contains 17 prayers. Only three prayers are now in liturgical use; three prayers are typical of Old Russian psalters and horologia; four prayers are less common and can only be found in some cases. The rest are either rare or (partially or completely) unique. Five of these 17 prayers make part of the early printed editions of the Psalter (1632 and 1636). The Greek original of some prayers is known (in particular, two prayers originate from Pandektos by monk Antiochus), while some of the rest may be the creation of a Slavic author. The published text of four prayers from this manuscript (after cathismata 9, 11, 18, and 20) has never been examined previously. In terms of their message, the prayers are diverse as their tone varies from repentance to praise, with a pronounced didactic note. The author skillfully and professionally quotes the Bible and the Triodion (prayer after cathisma 11) and conveys the “sobbing” intonations of lamentation (prayer after cathisma 18).
{"title":"Unknown Prayers from the Old Russian Parchment Psalter of the Studite Era","authors":"Anton Shchepetkin","doi":"10.15826/qr.2023.4.852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2023.4.852","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the specifics of the set of prayers in the Old Russian psalters of the Studite era (before the early fifteenth century). The psalters of this period were distinguished by a wide variety of prayers after cathismata (in contrast to the modern psalters with a fixed set of prayers). Pre-revolutionary researchers, such as archimandrite Amphilochius (Sergievsky-Kazantsev) and V. Pogorelov and modern scholars G. R. Parpulov and priest Ilia Shugaev, examined the issue. However, most of these researchers considered not all but only part of the Old Russian psalters. Since many Old Russian prayers remain unexplored and unpublished, this issue is still relevant for scholarship. This article is devoted to the parchment manuscript of the Typographic Collection No. 28 (mid-fourteenth century) kept in the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts. The set of prayers of this psalter is considered against the background of a wide range of Old Russian psalters, horologia, and liturgical collections. The manuscript contains 17 prayers. Only three prayers are now in liturgical use; three prayers are typical of Old Russian psalters and horologia; four prayers are less common and can only be found in some cases. The rest are either rare or (partially or completely) unique. Five of these 17 prayers make part of the early printed editions of the Psalter (1632 and 1636). The Greek original of some prayers is known (in particular, two prayers originate from Pandektos by monk Antiochus), while some of the rest may be the creation of a Slavic author. The published text of four prayers from this manuscript (after cathismata 9, 11, 18, and 20) has never been examined previously. In terms of their message, the prayers are diverse as their tone varies from repentance to praise, with a pronounced didactic note. The author skillfully and professionally quotes the Bible and the Triodion (prayer after cathisma 11) and conveys the “sobbing” intonations of lamentation (prayer after cathisma 18).","PeriodicalId":43664,"journal":{"name":"Quaestio Rossica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138951588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article considers the trends that determine the development of Russian historiographical metafiction at the turn of the twenty-first century, examining its inclusion in the context of modern Russian literature. Also, the author reveals the specifics of the conceptualisation of history in historiographical metafiction and its interaction with the tradition of Russian conceptualism and the Western European tradition (U. Eco and P. Ackroyd). The article studies Yu. Buida’s The Fifth Kingdom as the most representative text that reflects the features of this phenomenon. An analysis of the novel makes it possible to draw a conclusion about the peculiarities of the functioning of the third wave of Russian postmodernism and consider the nature of the deconstruction of the traditional concept of historical knowledge in Russian literature of the turn of the century. The palimpsest in the structure of The Fifth Kingdom acts as the chief method of deconstructing the historical narrative and modelling a new concept of historical knowledge as “feeling into history”. The author reveals the peculiarities of the functioning of this technique in comparison with the general picture of its use in the literature of the time. The author’s appeal to the detective genre strategy consistently profanes the historiosophical approach to constructing the narrative of history, thereby exposing the failure of one of the most popular variants of the national episteme. The analysis focuses on the nature of the deconstruction of the concept of the Troubles, the main vectors being the profanation of the mythologemes the Fifth Kingdom and the Pretender, which form the core of the ideologeme of the Troubles, as well as the consistent textualisation of the historical narrative, exposing its “corporeal’ nature. The conclusion is made about Yu. Buida’s extensive use of the plot schemes of Western European historiographical prose and the simultaneous development of the traditions of Russian conceptualism. The first aspect is represented by the interaction of historical and detective genre strategies and the assimilation of the historical palimpsest model, which is relevant to P. Ackroyd’s work. In addition, the golemic plot also becomes one of the representations of P. Ackroyd’s “trace”. At the same time, the nature of the deconstruction of the concept of the Time of Troubles is built in the tradition of Russian conceptualism and – already – Socialist Art. At the same time, Yu. Buida avoids the predominant profaning of the system of ideological myths, emphasising them as the key markers of the national episteme of history.
{"title":"The Fifth Kingdom, Yuri Buida’s Historiographical Metafiction: Mystification of Historical Conceptualisation","authors":"T. Breeva","doi":"10.15826/qr.2023.4.850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2023.4.850","url":null,"abstract":"This article considers the trends that determine the development of Russian historiographical metafiction at the turn of the twenty-first century, examining its inclusion in the context of modern Russian literature. Also, the author reveals the specifics of the conceptualisation of history in historiographical metafiction and its interaction with the tradition of Russian conceptualism and the Western European tradition (U. Eco and P. Ackroyd). The article studies Yu. Buida’s The Fifth Kingdom as the most representative text that reflects the features of this phenomenon. An analysis of the novel makes it possible to draw a conclusion about the peculiarities of the functioning of the third wave of Russian postmodernism and consider the nature of the deconstruction of the traditional concept of historical knowledge in Russian literature of the turn of the century. The palimpsest in the structure of The Fifth Kingdom acts as the chief method of deconstructing the historical narrative and modelling a new concept of historical knowledge as “feeling into history”. The author reveals the peculiarities of the functioning of this technique in comparison with the general picture of its use in the literature of the time. The author’s appeal to the detective genre strategy consistently profanes the historiosophical approach to constructing the narrative of history, thereby exposing the failure of one of the most popular variants of the national episteme. The analysis focuses on the nature of the deconstruction of the concept of the Troubles, the main vectors being the profanation of the mythologemes the Fifth Kingdom and the Pretender, which form the core of the ideologeme of the Troubles, as well as the consistent textualisation of the historical narrative, exposing its “corporeal’ nature. The conclusion is made about Yu. Buida’s extensive use of the plot schemes of Western European historiographical prose and the simultaneous development of the traditions of Russian conceptualism. The first aspect is represented by the interaction of historical and detective genre strategies and the assimilation of the historical palimpsest model, which is relevant to P. Ackroyd’s work. In addition, the golemic plot also becomes one of the representations of P. Ackroyd’s “trace”. At the same time, the nature of the deconstruction of the concept of the Time of Troubles is built in the tradition of Russian conceptualism and – already – Socialist Art. At the same time, Yu. Buida avoids the predominant profaning of the system of ideological myths, emphasising them as the key markers of the national episteme of history.","PeriodicalId":43664,"journal":{"name":"Quaestio Rossica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138949831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The American scholar Daniel Scarborough has written a monograph dedicated to the history of the Russian Orthodox clergy in the late imperial regime. This work both encapsulates recent developments in the historiography of the imperial Russian Orthodox Church and contributes fresh archival research, principally using documents held in repositories in Moscow and Tver. His main focus is the mutual aid networks in which the clergy participated. Created over the course of the nineteenth century, these mutual aid networks were initially aimed at distributing resources among poor members of the clerical estate: the development of these networks was facilitated by the freedom of association granted to the clergy by the imperial state. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Scarborough argues, these networks began to lose their estate focus, both supporting and including members of the laity: this was partially a response to the fact that the material position of the clergy was heavily dependent on the material condition of the laity and partially due to the fact that the clergy slowly began to lose their estate focus and transform into a profession focused on the spiritual and material wellbeing of the Orthodox flock. Scarborough emphasises several key moments (such as the famine of 1891–1892) and institutions (the seminary, for example) to demonstrate the extent to which clerical support networks included members of the laity and the forces that either facilitated or blocked this development. He concludes that while the clerical mutual aid networks did succeed, to some extent, in incorporating members of the laity, they were hampered by the imperial state’s attempts to strictly control the clergy and use them as cheap civil servants, police officials, and propagandists: equally, while sometimes supporting the expansion of clerical aid networks, the episcopate and the Synod was often concerned to ensure that the Church’s thinly-spread resources were mostly used to support the members and institutions of the clerical estate. All of this damaged the prestige of the clergy in the eyes of their parishioners and made them less willing to transfer scarce resources to clerical networks. Only with the all-Russia local church council of 1917–1918 did the Russian Orthodox Church fully incorporate the laity, a step which allowed the institution to survive Bolshevik rule.
{"title":"Becoming Pastors: The Russian Orthodox Parish Clergy and Civil Society in the Last Decades of the Russian Empire","authors":"James White","doi":"10.15826/qr.2023.4.860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2023.4.860","url":null,"abstract":"The American scholar Daniel Scarborough has written a monograph dedicated to the history of the Russian Orthodox clergy in the late imperial regime. This work both encapsulates recent developments in the historiography of the imperial Russian Orthodox Church and contributes fresh archival research, principally using documents held in repositories in Moscow and Tver. His main focus is the mutual aid networks in which the clergy participated. Created over the course of the nineteenth century, these mutual aid networks were initially aimed at distributing resources among poor members of the clerical estate: the development of these networks was facilitated by the freedom of association granted to the clergy by the imperial state. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Scarborough argues, these networks began to lose their estate focus, both supporting and including members of the laity: this was partially a response to the fact that the material position of the clergy was heavily dependent on the material condition of the laity and partially due to the fact that the clergy slowly began to lose their estate focus and transform into a profession focused on the spiritual and material wellbeing of the Orthodox flock. Scarborough emphasises several key moments (such as the famine of 1891–1892) and institutions (the seminary, for example) to demonstrate the extent to which clerical support networks included members of the laity and the forces that either facilitated or blocked this development. He concludes that while the clerical mutual aid networks did succeed, to some extent, in incorporating members of the laity, they were hampered by the imperial state’s attempts to strictly control the clergy and use them as cheap civil servants, police officials, and propagandists: equally, while sometimes supporting the expansion of clerical aid networks, the episcopate and the Synod was often concerned to ensure that the Church’s thinly-spread resources were mostly used to support the members and institutions of the clerical estate. All of this damaged the prestige of the clergy in the eyes of their parishioners and made them less willing to transfer scarce resources to clerical networks. Only with the all-Russia local church council of 1917–1918 did the Russian Orthodox Church fully incorporate the laity, a step which allowed the institution to survive Bolshevik rule.","PeriodicalId":43664,"journal":{"name":"Quaestio Rossica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138950362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The languages of Russian-Swedish negotiations, congresses, and peace treaties of the reign of Peter I have rarely been mentioned in the works covering the history of Russian-Swedish relations or foreign policy, and they have never become the subject of special research. Based on a vast set of sources deposited in the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts (RGADA), the Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire (AVPRI), and the Swedish National Archives (Riksarkivet), the article provides an overview of major diplomatic events of the Russian-Swedish relations of 1718–1724, paying close attention to the language of negotiations, peace treaties, ratifications, and correspondence. At the time, when both sides used their national language, the traditional bilingualism of the Russian-Swedish diplomatic documents coexisted with the active use of the German language as a neutral one. More particularly, this was due to the lack of Swedish translators in Russia and the fact that both Russian and Swedish diplomats were of German descent or spoke German. However, the author argues that the use of German was not obvious and had limits, as languages of diplomacy retained their symbolic meaning. Traditionally, the formation of the Petrine diplomatic system is described as a departure from tradition, the inclusion of Russia into the eighteenth-century state system, and its adaptation to the diplomatic customs of European diplomacy. A review of the Russian-Swedish diplomatic language practices shows that each side employed its language, and Swedish diplomats refused outright to communicate with Russian authorities in German. The author assumes that studying early modern European diplomacy requires a micro-perspective and regional focus. This approach could be more productive for understanding the formation and functioning of early modern diplomacy than the traditional framework of Russian integration into the uniform European diplomatic system.
{"title":"Russian-Swedish Diplomatic Communication in the Petrine Era: The Chronicle of Language Choice","authors":"Yana Larina","doi":"10.15826/qr.2023.4.842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2023.4.842","url":null,"abstract":"The languages of Russian-Swedish negotiations, congresses, and peace treaties of the reign of Peter I have rarely been mentioned in the works covering the history of Russian-Swedish relations or foreign policy, and they have never become the subject of special research. Based on a vast set of sources deposited in the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts (RGADA), the Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire (AVPRI), and the Swedish National Archives (Riksarkivet), the article provides an overview of major diplomatic events of the Russian-Swedish relations of 1718–1724, paying close attention to the language of negotiations, peace treaties, ratifications, and correspondence. At the time, when both sides used their national language, the traditional bilingualism of the Russian-Swedish diplomatic documents coexisted with the active use of the German language as a neutral one. More particularly, this was due to the lack of Swedish translators in Russia and the fact that both Russian and Swedish diplomats were of German descent or spoke German. However, the author argues that the use of German was not obvious and had limits, as languages of diplomacy retained their symbolic meaning. Traditionally, the formation of the Petrine diplomatic system is described as a departure from tradition, the inclusion of Russia into the eighteenth-century state system, and its adaptation to the diplomatic customs of European diplomacy. A review of the Russian-Swedish diplomatic language practices shows that each side employed its language, and Swedish diplomats refused outright to communicate with Russian authorities in German. The author assumes that studying early modern European diplomacy requires a micro-perspective and regional focus. This approach could be more productive for understanding the formation and functioning of early modern diplomacy than the traditional framework of Russian integration into the uniform European diplomatic system.","PeriodicalId":43664,"journal":{"name":"Quaestio Rossica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138953026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Olga Varshaver, Alejandro Ariel Gonzalez, T. Kuznetsova, Elena Petrova, Olga Sidorova, Karen Hewitt
This paper summarises the materials of the discussion devoted to the role and specificity of artistic translation in the contemporary world, which was held in the summer of 2023. The participants of the discussion are specialists from Argentina, the UK, and Russia (Moscow, St Petersburg, and Yekaterinburg), all of whom are active translators, as well as researchers, lecturers, and translation editors. The participants received questions they were offered to answer, and their written responses make up the text of the article. The article is relevant, as today, the role of translation is increasing, and translation theory is one of the dynamically developing areas of modern scholarly knowledge. The contributors examine such topical issues of translation theory as translatability/non-translatability, didactics of translation, and the reliability of the source base for translation. The discussion also considers the role of new translations of classical literary works whose earlier translations have already entered the receiving culture, and translations meant for different groups of readers. Additionally, the contributors of the article express their views on the identity of the translator, on what it means to be a “good translator”, the requirements and demands that are placed upon them.
{"title":"“It is untranslatable, but we try hard”: Translators and Translation Experts on the Current Problems of Translation Theory and Practice","authors":"Olga Varshaver, Alejandro Ariel Gonzalez, T. Kuznetsova, Elena Petrova, Olga Sidorova, Karen Hewitt","doi":"10.15826/qr.2023.4.853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2023.4.853","url":null,"abstract":"This paper summarises the materials of the discussion devoted to the role and specificity of artistic translation in the contemporary world, which was held in the summer of 2023. The participants of the discussion are specialists from Argentina, the UK, and Russia (Moscow, St Petersburg, and Yekaterinburg), all of whom are active translators, as well as researchers, lecturers, and translation editors. The participants received questions they were offered to answer, and their written responses make up the text of the article. The article is relevant, as today, the role of translation is increasing, and translation theory is one of the dynamically developing areas of modern scholarly knowledge. The contributors examine such topical issues of translation theory as translatability/non-translatability, didactics of translation, and the reliability of the source base for translation. The discussion also considers the role of new translations of classical literary works whose earlier translations have already entered the receiving culture, and translations meant for different groups of readers. Additionally, the contributors of the article express their views on the identity of the translator, on what it means to be a “good translator”, the requirements and demands that are placed upon them.","PeriodicalId":43664,"journal":{"name":"Quaestio Rossica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138950134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines the Ural Plant of Chemical Engineering in Sverdlovsk as an example of unfinished industrial construction through the command economy formation, industry management structure, and city-planning activities development in the USSR during the first five-year plans. The authors refer to sources kept in the GARF, RGAE, GASO, TsDOOSO, and the Uralhimmashzavod History Museum and periodicals. They characterise the scale of unfinished industrial construction in the Urals during the first five-year plans, which predetermined the geography of the evacuation and the direction of future industrial and city-building development of the regional centres. The article describes the circumstances behind the emergence of the Ural Plant of Chemical Engineering in the first five-year plan programme and its construction process. The authors single out three periods of the plant’s construction, which correspond to the waves of mobilisation of the project discourse: 1930–1933, 1934–1935, and 1938–1941. They explain the causes of failure by the late emergence of the Uralhimmashstroi project in the plan, which coincided with the economic crisis of the turn of the first five-year plans. These factors necessitated a situational prioritisation of construction projects and the concentration of resources on the most important ones to ensure the earliest possible launch. The design of the social city of the Ural Plant of Chemical Engineering is discussed in the context of the development of the master plan of Greater Sverdlovsk and the competition between the central (Leningrad branch of Standartgorproekt) and regional (Uralgiprogor Institute) design organisations. Despite the existence of preliminary designs for the social city and a general settlement scheme, the location and appearance of the residential area were determined by available financial resources and the existing transport infrastructure. Although the project was not realised, the Ural Plant of Chemical Engineering acquired a discursively real status, whose maintenance required real human, monetary, and managerial resources even when construction stopped. Noting the frequency of change of activity waves at the Ural Plant of Chemical Engineering in comparison with the unrealised infrastructure projects of the New and Modern times analysed in foreign literature, as well as public announcements of each new “revival” of construction and silence about its suspensions, the authors conclude that in the conditions of socialist industrialisation, unfinished construction had a high mobilisation value.
{"title":"An Uncompleted Machine-Building Giant in the Urals: Mobilisation Policy and Construction Practice","authors":"Aleksandr Dumchikov, Kseniya Pimenova","doi":"10.15826/qr.2023.4.857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2023.4.857","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the Ural Plant of Chemical Engineering in Sverdlovsk as an example of unfinished industrial construction through the command economy formation, industry management structure, and city-planning activities development in the USSR during the first five-year plans. The authors refer to sources kept in the GARF, RGAE, GASO, TsDOOSO, and the Uralhimmashzavod History Museum and periodicals. They characterise the scale of unfinished industrial construction in the Urals during the first five-year plans, which predetermined the geography of the evacuation and the direction of future industrial and city-building development of the regional centres. The article describes the circumstances behind the emergence of the Ural Plant of Chemical Engineering in the first five-year plan programme and its construction process. The authors single out three periods of the plant’s construction, which correspond to the waves of mobilisation of the project discourse: 1930–1933, 1934–1935, and 1938–1941. They explain the causes of failure by the late emergence of the Uralhimmashstroi project in the plan, which coincided with the economic crisis of the turn of the first five-year plans. These factors necessitated a situational prioritisation of construction projects and the concentration of resources on the most important ones to ensure the earliest possible launch. The design of the social city of the Ural Plant of Chemical Engineering is discussed in the context of the development of the master plan of Greater Sverdlovsk and the competition between the central (Leningrad branch of Standartgorproekt) and regional (Uralgiprogor Institute) design organisations. Despite the existence of preliminary designs for the social city and a general settlement scheme, the location and appearance of the residential area were determined by available financial resources and the existing transport infrastructure. Although the project was not realised, the Ural Plant of Chemical Engineering acquired a discursively real status, whose maintenance required real human, monetary, and managerial resources even when construction stopped. Noting the frequency of change of activity waves at the Ural Plant of Chemical Engineering in comparison with the unrealised infrastructure projects of the New and Modern times analysed in foreign literature, as well as public announcements of each new “revival” of construction and silence about its suspensions, the authors conclude that in the conditions of socialist industrialisation, unfinished construction had a high mobilisation value.","PeriodicalId":43664,"journal":{"name":"Quaestio Rossica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138948799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article scrutinizes the patterns of written and oral communication of the imperial and Austrian ambassador to St Petersburg, Count Nikolaus (Miklós) Esterházy. He was the first Hungarian aristocrat to secure a diplomatic career, representing the House of Austria and the Holy Roman Empire at several European courts, including Saxony, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Spain, and Russia. Only a few of his autographs in German and French survive. Esterházy’s biography, however, proves that he was fluent in these languages and additionally mastered the basics of written Latin and (at least) spoken Hungarian. Furthermore, the article illustrates how the Austrian mission in St Petersburg functioned in the middle of the eighteenth century and what languages were used in correspondence with the imperial vice chancellor and state chancellor. It also shows what languages diplomats needed to be proficient in to manage incoming and outgoing correspondence and how present-day historians use the private archives of the diplomat, which preserve most documents processed by the mission in their completeness and variety. Attention is paid to the diplomat’s principal counterparts at the Russian court – Empress Elizabeth, Grand Duchess Ekaterina Alekseevna, Alexei P. Bestuzhev-Riumin, Mikhail I. Vorontsov, and Petr I. Shuvalov. During his stay in Russia, Esterházy followed the existing practices of writing dispatches to Vienna and communicating with the College of International Affairs in St Peterburg in German. Although it is not always clear if he used German or French at the Russian court, he was flexible enough to use both for acquiring information and gaining favors.
{"title":"Ambassador Count Nikolaus Esterházy: Languages and Network-Building in St Petersburg, 1753–1761","authors":"Olga Khavanova","doi":"10.15826/qr.2023.4.845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2023.4.845","url":null,"abstract":"This article scrutinizes the patterns of written and oral communication of the imperial and Austrian ambassador to St Petersburg, Count Nikolaus (Miklós) Esterházy. He was the first Hungarian aristocrat to secure a diplomatic career, representing the House of Austria and the Holy Roman Empire at several European courts, including Saxony, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Spain, and Russia. Only a few of his autographs in German and French survive. Esterházy’s biography, however, proves that he was fluent in these languages and additionally mastered the basics of written Latin and (at least) spoken Hungarian. Furthermore, the article illustrates how the Austrian mission in St Petersburg functioned in the middle of the eighteenth century and what languages were used in correspondence with the imperial vice chancellor and state chancellor. It also shows what languages diplomats needed to be proficient in to manage incoming and outgoing correspondence and how present-day historians use the private archives of the diplomat, which preserve most documents processed by the mission in their completeness and variety. Attention is paid to the diplomat’s principal counterparts at the Russian court – Empress Elizabeth, Grand Duchess Ekaterina Alekseevna, Alexei P. Bestuzhev-Riumin, Mikhail I. Vorontsov, and Petr I. Shuvalov. During his stay in Russia, Esterházy followed the existing practices of writing dispatches to Vienna and communicating with the College of International Affairs in St Peterburg in German. Although it is not always clear if he used German or French at the Russian court, he was flexible enough to use both for acquiring information and gaining favors.","PeriodicalId":43664,"journal":{"name":"Quaestio Rossica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138951771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article analyses Central Asia in the Middle Ages, an unfinished novel by Pavel Saltzman (1939–1950), first published in 2018. In the novel, the aesthetic of film editing and the discursive “madeness” of the narrative used by the author, which refers both to the literature of German Romanticism and to Eastern historical and literary sources, transforms an example of artistic avant-garde into a fundamentally new work in terms of artistic features. According to the article, the literary game of the Gothic novel employed by the author gives Saltzman’s text the dynamics of a spectacular film text, which conceals several symbolic and associative meanings. These include the adventurous narrative itself, the medieval historical plot, the inevitable associative parallels with the tragic pages of the history of the twentieth century, and the philosophical and aesthetic comprehension of man and their place in the world in the spirit of the German Romantics and modern postmodernism simultaneously. The research methods in relation to this literary text rely on the semiotic theory of Yu. M. Lotman and B. A. Uspensky. The results of the study are determined both by the author’s approach and modern literary and cultural studies concepts of Aage A. Hanzen-Löve, I. S. Kukui, and O. D. Burenina-Petrova. The novel is analysed for the first time according to the directions of “residual” memory of the author’s text that are relevant to this work, primarily in intertextual connection with E. T. A. Hoffmann’s The Devil’s Elixirs, as well as according to the cinematic ways of expressing the narrative. The author proves that Saltzman’s text relies on the principle of compositional film editing, which brings it into the sociocultural discursive practice. Additionally, the article traces intertextual links between the two novels in the plot and thematic aspects, concluding that the text is original for modern literature and determining the prospects of its transfer in sociocultural practice.
本文分析了帕维尔-萨尔茨曼（Pavel Saltzman，1939-1950 年）未完成的小说《中世纪的中亚》（Central Asia in the Middle Ages），该小说于 2018 年首次出版。在这部小说中，电影剪辑美学和作者使用的叙事话语 "疯狂"，既参考了德国浪漫主义文学，也参考了东方历史和文学资料，将一个艺术前卫的例子转化为一部在艺术特征上具有根本性新意的作品。文章称，作者采用的哥特式小说文学游戏赋予萨尔茨曼的文本以壮观的电影文本的活力，其中隐藏着若干象征和联想意义。其中包括冒险叙事本身、中世纪历史情节、与二十世纪历史悲剧篇章不可避免的关联性相似之处，以及同时具有德国浪漫主义和现代后现代主义精神的对人及其在世界中的地位的哲学和美学理解。对这一文学文本的研究方法依赖于尤.M. Lotman 和 B. A. Uspensky 的符号学理论。研究结果由作者的研究方法以及 Aage A. Hanzen-Löve、I. S. Kukui 和 O. D. Burenina-Petrova 的现代文学和文化研究概念决定。作者首次根据与这部作品相关的作者文本 "残余 "记忆的方向，主要是与 E. T. A. Hoffmann 的《The Devil's Elixirs》的互文关系，以及根据电影的叙事表达方式，对这部小说进行了分析。作者证明，萨尔茨曼的文本依赖于电影剪辑的构成原则，这将其带入了社会文化的话语实践中。此外，文章还追溯了两部小说在情节和主题方面的互文联系，从而得出结论：该文本是现代文学的原创，并确定了其在社会文化实践中的转移前景。
{"title":"“Residual Meanings” and the Aesthetic of Intermediality in Pavel Saltzman’s Central Asia in the Middle Ages","authors":"Gazinur Gizdatov","doi":"10.15826/qr.2023.4.856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2023.4.856","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyses Central Asia in the Middle Ages, an unfinished novel by Pavel Saltzman (1939–1950), first published in 2018. In the novel, the aesthetic of film editing and the discursive “madeness” of the narrative used by the author, which refers both to the literature of German Romanticism and to Eastern historical and literary sources, transforms an example of artistic avant-garde into a fundamentally new work in terms of artistic features. According to the article, the literary game of the Gothic novel employed by the author gives Saltzman’s text the dynamics of a spectacular film text, which conceals several symbolic and associative meanings. These include the adventurous narrative itself, the medieval historical plot, the inevitable associative parallels with the tragic pages of the history of the twentieth century, and the philosophical and aesthetic comprehension of man and their place in the world in the spirit of the German Romantics and modern postmodernism simultaneously. The research methods in relation to this literary text rely on the semiotic theory of Yu. M. Lotman and B. A. Uspensky. The results of the study are determined both by the author’s approach and modern literary and cultural studies concepts of Aage A. Hanzen-Löve, I. S. Kukui, and O. D. Burenina-Petrova. The novel is analysed for the first time according to the directions of “residual” memory of the author’s text that are relevant to this work, primarily in intertextual connection with E. T. A. Hoffmann’s The Devil’s Elixirs, as well as according to the cinematic ways of expressing the narrative. The author proves that Saltzman’s text relies on the principle of compositional film editing, which brings it into the sociocultural discursive practice. Additionally, the article traces intertextual links between the two novels in the plot and thematic aspects, concluding that the text is original for modern literature and determining the prospects of its transfer in sociocultural practice.","PeriodicalId":43664,"journal":{"name":"Quaestio Rossica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139166311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article considers the current formation of the Kyrgyz diaspora. Scholarly literature persists in attempting to interpret Kyrgyz communities outside their homeland as diaspora, which makes the issue relevant. Methodologically, the study draws on a transnational approach, which makes it possible to understand the relationships and connections between the place of residence and the local homeland, with reference to Kyrgyz nationals, and to compare the diaspora itself and transnational communities or, as T. Faist puts it, “two awkward partners in the dance”. The author refers to data from the Kyrgyz Diaspora Mapping Project, carried out under the auspices of the International Organisation for Migration in 2021, as well as in-depth unstructured interviews collected during the author’s fieldwork in Chelyabinsk (47 interviewees), Yekaterinburg (19 interviewees), and Krasnoyarsk (14 interviewees). On average, the interviews lasted for half an hour, and the gender ratio in the group of informants was 31 women and 49 men. The author considers the following parameters of belonging to the diaspora: diaspora and transnationalism, participation in the activities of Kyrgyz public organisations, settlement of Kyrgyz migrants, their orientation to their historical homeland, and specificity of identity. This review tells us more about the absence or incompleteness of the Kyrgyz diaspora in Russia. It is noted that, on the one hand, Kyrgyz migrants are disconnected and distrust the activities of diaspora organisations, and, on the other hand, they form dynamic transnational spaces linking the areas of origin and residence, in this case, the Urals and Siberian regional capitals (Chelyabinsk, Yekaterinburg and Krasnoyarsk).
{"title":"The Kyrgyz Diaspora in the Regions of Russia: Transnationalism and Migrants’ Problems","authors":"A. Avdashkin","doi":"10.15826/qr.2023.4.858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2023.4.858","url":null,"abstract":"This article considers the current formation of the Kyrgyz diaspora. Scholarly literature persists in attempting to interpret Kyrgyz communities outside their homeland as diaspora, which makes the issue relevant. Methodologically, the study draws on a transnational approach, which makes it possible to understand the relationships and connections between the place of residence and the local homeland, with reference to Kyrgyz nationals, and to compare the diaspora itself and transnational communities or, as T. Faist puts it, “two awkward partners in the dance”. The author refers to data from the Kyrgyz Diaspora Mapping Project, carried out under the auspices of the International Organisation for Migration in 2021, as well as in-depth unstructured interviews collected during the author’s fieldwork in Chelyabinsk (47 interviewees), Yekaterinburg (19 interviewees), and Krasnoyarsk (14 interviewees). On average, the interviews lasted for half an hour, and the gender ratio in the group of informants was 31 women and 49 men. The author considers the following parameters of belonging to the diaspora: diaspora and transnationalism, participation in the activities of Kyrgyz public organisations, settlement of Kyrgyz migrants, their orientation to their historical homeland, and specificity of identity. This review tells us more about the absence or incompleteness of the Kyrgyz diaspora in Russia. It is noted that, on the one hand, Kyrgyz migrants are disconnected and distrust the activities of diaspora organisations, and, on the other hand, they form dynamic transnational spaces linking the areas of origin and residence, in this case, the Urals and Siberian regional capitals (Chelyabinsk, Yekaterinburg and Krasnoyarsk).","PeriodicalId":43664,"journal":{"name":"Quaestio Rossica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138952110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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