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Development of Russia’s creative economy in the context of modern challenges 现代挑战背景下的俄罗斯创意经济发展
IF 0.5 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.31737/2221-2264-2022-54-2-12
A. Auzan, A. Bakhtigaraeva, V. Bryzgalin
In this article we examine boundaries of the creative economy, its prospects in the context of global challenges, barriers, resources, and potential for its development in Russia. We show that the creative economy is a complex phenomenon and can be estimated with the combined use of sectoral and inter-sectoral indicators. The creative economy may be a response to digitalization and the threat of replacing human intelligence, climate change and glocalization. It may become a significant factor of economic development. Results of a study carried out by the Institute of National Projects and the MSU Faculty of Economics on behalf of the Creative Industries Federation show that realizing the potential of the creative economy in Russia is hampered by institutional and sociocultural barriers – they underlie most of the difficulties faced by representatives of creative industries. Joint actions of the state and the creative community is the only way to overcome both types of barriers and to develop the creative economy. These efforts may have significant economic returns due to Russia’s competitive advantage in highly educated population over most other countries. Thus, the model of economic development of Russia through a creative economy and human capital may be more successful than previous attempts of innovative development in Russia.
在本文中,我们将探讨创意经济的边界,在全球挑战、障碍、资源和俄罗斯发展潜力的背景下,创意经济的前景。我们表明,创意经济是一个复杂的现象,可以通过综合使用部门和跨部门指标来估计。创意经济可能是对数字化和取代人类智慧、气候变化和全球本地化威胁的回应。它可能成为经济发展的一个重要因素。国家项目研究所和密歇根州立大学经济学院代表创意产业联合会进行的一项研究结果表明,在俄罗斯实现创意经济的潜力受到制度和社会文化障碍的阻碍,这是创意产业代表面临的大部分困难的根源。只有国家和创意界共同努力,才能克服这两种障碍,发展创意经济。这些努力可能会有显著的经济回报,因为俄罗斯在受过高等教育的人口方面比大多数其他国家具有竞争优势。因此,俄罗斯通过创造性经济和人力资本的经济发展模式可能比俄罗斯以前的创新发展尝试更成功。
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引用次数: 5
Empirical analysis of the permanent income hypothesis based on the Post-Soviet Russian data 基于后苏联俄罗斯数据的永久收入假说实证分析
IF 0.5 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.31737/2221-2264-2022-54-2-4
S.G. Churbanov, I. Rozmainsky
The paper tests the hypothesis of permanent income on modern (2007– 2019) data of aggregated income indicators and expenditure of the Russian households. To test the hypothesis, we use John Shea’s methodology. According to his approach, the values of the predicted indicators of the current change in income and interest rates are determined using several sets of variables. The empirical analysis carried out by these authors shows that the behavior of households in Russia does not follow Milton Friedman’s permanent income hypothesis, but is consistent with Christopher Carroll’s “buffer stock” model. Fluctuations in income have a statistically significant effect on fluctuations in consumption. This means that Russian consumers are not inclined to smooth future consumption over the entire life cycle, but tend to maintain a certain level of savings for several periods in advance as a safety net in the event of a fall in permanent income. This conclusion is logical for the post-Soviet Russian space. As the studies show, in developing countries and with less developed financial institutions and markets, individuals have difficulties in planning their behavior. They face a narrow planning horizon with a high degree of uncertainty about the future.
本文利用俄罗斯家庭综合收入指标和支出的现代(2007 - 2019)数据对永久收入假设进行了检验。为了验证这一假设,我们使用了约翰·谢伊的方法。根据他的方法,当前收入和利率变化的预测指标的值是由几组变量决定的。这些作者的实证分析表明,俄罗斯家庭的行为并不遵循米尔顿·弗里德曼的永久收入假设,而是与克里斯托弗·卡罗尔的“缓冲库存”模型相一致。收入的波动对消费的波动有统计上显著的影响。这意味着,俄罗斯消费者不倾向于在整个生命周期内使未来的消费变得平稳,而是倾向于在未来几段时间内保持一定的储蓄水平,作为永久收入下降时的安全网。这个结论对于后苏联时代的俄罗斯来说是合乎逻辑的。这些研究表明,在发展中国家以及金融机构和市场欠发达的国家,个人在规划自己的行为方面存在困难。他们面临着一个狭窄的规划视野和未来的高度不确定性。
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引用次数: 0
Ecological modernization of Russia: Public request 俄罗斯的生态现代化:公众要求
IF 0.5 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.31737/2221-2264-2022-56-4-15
E. Gontmakher, A. Davydova
The success of Russia’s ecological modernization and decarbonization of the Russian economy can be ensured only by the joint efforts of all public institutions and, above all, the state, business and civil society. At the same time, it is diffi cult to assess the criticality of contribution of each institution. The only certain thing is: if at least one of the above-mentioned institutions is not involved in this activity, the probability of Russia’s environmental modernization success becomes extremely low. As world experience shows, public consensus on the goals of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and specifi c measures to achieve these goals is extremely important. For Russia, which economy is built basically on the extraction, production and export of carbonintensive products, the transformation of the socio-economic model will have serious social consequences, therefore, building a dialogue with society, taking into account the real opinion of the citizens and developing measures to support the population for a fair transition to a low-carbon development model are of crucial importance.
只有通过所有公共机构,尤其是国家、企业和民间社会的共同努力,才能确保俄罗斯生态现代化和俄罗斯经济脱碳的成功。与此同时,很难评估每个机构贡献的重要性。唯一可以肯定的是:如果上述机构中至少有一家没有参与这一活动,俄罗斯环境现代化成功的可能性将变得极低。世界经验表明,公众就减少温室气体排放的目标和实现这些目标的具体措施达成共识是极其重要的。对于经济基本建立在碳密集型产品开采、生产和出口基础上的俄罗斯来说,社会经济模式的转变将产生严重的社会后果,因此,与社会建立对话,考虑公民的真实意见,制定支持人民公平过渡到低碳发展模式的措施至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Quantitative estimates of intergenerational mobility 代际流动性的定量估计
IF 0.5 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.31737/2221-2264-2022-57-5-6
Н. А. Розинская, В МГУим.М., Москва Т. А Ломоносова, Дробышевская Мгу, В им.М., Москва Т. А Ломоносова, Т.А. Дробышевская, N. Rozinskaya, T. Drobyshevskaya
The article is about intergenerational mobility — one of the most important factors determining both the level of actual inequality in a society and the willingness of such society to tolerate this level. First part of the article provides a review of modern literature on quantitative estimates of intergenerational mobility. The main indicators and discussion issues related to the accuracy of assessing intergenerational mobility are considered, as well as methods for assessing the reasons for the dependence of heirs’ income on parental income. Second part provides an overview of the main approaches used in applied research in this area. Among them are the comparison of intergenerational mobility across countries and its relationship with social inequality, changes in intergenerational mobility over time, and the relationship between intergenerational mobility and economic growth. Particular attention is paid to the results of applied research based on Russian data. The original character of the work is in the fact that, giving an overview of research in the field of intergenerational mobility, the authors address not only the issue of what certain researchers claimed, but also what methods are used in the literature on intergenerational mobility to support the conclusions.
这篇文章是关于代际流动性的——这是决定一个社会实际不平等程度以及这个社会容忍这种程度的意愿的最重要因素之一。文章的第一部分对代际流动的定量估计的现代文献进行了回顾。考虑了代际流动性评估准确性的主要指标和讨论问题,以及评估继承人收入依赖父母收入的原因的方法。第二部分概述了该领域应用研究中使用的主要方法。其中包括国家间代际流动性的比较及其与社会不平等的关系,代际流动性随时间的变化,以及代际流动性与经济增长的关系。特别注意以俄罗斯数据为基础的应用研究结果。这项工作的原创性在于,作者对代际流动领域的研究进行了概述,不仅解决了某些研究人员声称的问题,而且还讨论了代际流动文献中使用的方法来支持结论。
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引用次数: 0
The sentiment of private investors in explaining the differences in the trade characteristics of the Russian market stocks 私人投资者的情绪解释了俄罗斯市场股票交易特征的差异
IF 0.5 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.31737/2221-2264-2022-53-1-3
T. Teplova, T. Sokolova, A. Tomtosov, D. V. Buchko, D. Nikulin
In our paper, for the first time, we examine the influence of the sentiment of private investors in social networks on the trade characteristics of stocks in the Russian market. Monthly return rates and trading volumes are analyzed under the control of financial indicators and indicators of the quality of corporate governance of stock issuers, as well as the changing external environment in the period from 2013 to 2020. The sample for various sentiment metrics is based on unique data: messages in the Telegram and mfd.ru platforms. The tonality of messages is diagnosed according to the authors’ method using artificial intelligence (neural network). The main conclusion is: the sentiment can be seen as an explanatory factor in pricing and trading activity. The influence of sentiment is non-linear. The author’s HYPE indicator of sentiment is proposed and compared in terms of explanatory ability of the trade characteristics with a wide range of proxy variables. The explanatory ability to identify differences is realized through regression constructions on panel data. It is shown that trade characteristics are more sensitive to the growth of negative messages, which is consistent with the postulates of behavioral finance. An increase in messages’ number of both positive and negative sentiment contributes to the growth of trading activity. An important practical conclusion is: following the crowd when the company is most intensely discussed will not result in high returns to an investor.
在本文中,我们首次研究了社交网络中私人投资者的情绪对俄罗斯市场股票交易特征的影响。在股票发行人财务指标和公司治理质量指标以及外部环境变化的控制下,分析2013 - 2020年的月度收益率和交易量。各种情绪指标的样本基于独特的数据:Telegram和mfd.ru平台上的消息。采用人工智能(神经网络)方法对信息的调性进行诊断。主要结论是:情绪可以被视为定价和交易活动的一个解释性因素。情绪的影响是非线性的。本文提出了作者的HYPE情绪指标,并对多种代理变量对交易特征的解释能力进行了比较。通过对面板数据的回归构造来实现识别差异的解释能力。研究表明,贸易特征对负面信息的增长更为敏感,这与行为金融学的假设相一致。积极和消极情绪信息数量的增加有助于交易活动的增长。一个重要的实际结论是:当公司被讨论得最激烈的时候,随波逐流不会给投资者带来高回报。
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引用次数: 5
Mathematical models of stable jurisdiction partitions: A survey of results and new directions 稳定管辖权划分的数学模型:成果综述与新方向
IF 0.5 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.31737/2221-2264-2022-54-2-1
D. Musatov, A. Savvateev
The human society consists of many large and small groups. Why do these groups emerge? How does their structure form? What does their dynamics look like? Is there always a stable configuration that does not change anymore? In the models described in this survey it is assumed that agents live in some geographical or virtual space and groups are formed to produce some club good located in the same space and available only inside a group. There are two opposite forces that influence the size of the groups. On the one hand, in larger groups the agents enjoy economy of scale, so the good costs less. On the other hand, in smaller and homogeneous groups the good may be located close to all members. Do these forces always balance each other in some stable configuration and what does this configuration look like? The answer depends on the model details and on the notion of equilibrium. In this survey we present different frameworks and main known results about (non-)existence of equilibria and their properties, as well as some new directions of research.
人类社会由许多大大小小的群体组成。为什么会出现这些群体?它们的结构是如何形成的?它们的动力学是怎样的?是否总是有一个稳定的构型不再改变?在本调查中描述的模型中,假设代理人生活在某个地理或虚拟空间中,并且组成群体以生产位于同一空间且仅在群体内可用的俱乐部商品。有两种相反的力量影响着群体的规模。一方面,在较大的群体中,代理商享有规模经济,因此商品成本较低。另一方面,在较小的同质群体中,商品可能位于所有成员附近。这些力总是在某种稳定的构型中相互平衡吗?这种构型是什么样子的?答案取决于模型的细节和均衡的概念。在本文中,我们提出了关于平衡态(非)存在性及其性质的不同框架和主要已知结果,以及一些新的研究方向。
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引用次数: 0
Unemployment benefits and duration of registered unemployment in Russia: Regression kink design 俄罗斯失业救济与登记失业持续时间:回归扭结设计
IF 0.5 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.31737/2221-2264-2022-54-2-8
V.K. Kopytok
The unemployment insurance (UI) system is one of the key labor market institutes. UI benefits allow to smooth consumption during unemployment. Moreover, people receiving UI benefits can search for a new position more selectively, and thus find a job that with more appropriate qualification requirements and salary. Nevertheless, generous UI benefits lead to a decrease in the intensity of job search and an increase in the duration of registered unemployment. The optimal UI system design balances these effects. This paper is based on administrative microdata on registered unemployment in Russia in 2019 (collected by The Federal Service for Labor and Employment of Russia) to estimate the causal effect of UI benefits on the duration of registered unemployment. Regression kink design and the maximum UI benefits levels are exploited to identify the causal effect. Estimated elasticities of UI duration with respect to average daily benefits are positive and significant with values from 0.2 to 5.3 due to specification which corresponds to the estimates obtained for other countries.
失业保险制度是劳动力市场的重要制度之一。失业救济金允许在失业期间平稳消费。此外,领取失业救济金的人可以更有选择性地寻找新的职位,从而找到更合适的资格要求和薪水的工作。然而,慷慨的失业救济金导致找工作的强度降低,登记失业的持续时间增加。最佳UI系统设计能够平衡这些影响。本文基于俄罗斯2019年登记失业的行政微观数据(由俄罗斯联邦劳动和就业部收集),估计失业救济金对登记失业持续时间的因果影响。回归扭结设计和最大UI效益水平被用来确定因果关系。失业保险持续时间相对于平均每日福利的估计弹性为正且显著,其值在0.2至5.3之间,因为规格与其他国家获得的估计相对应。
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引用次数: 0
Russia’s agri-food exports until 2030: Projection from a partial equilibrium model 俄罗斯到2030年的农产品出口:部分均衡模型的预测
IF 0.5 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.31737/2221-2264-2022-56-4-4
S. Kiselev, R. Romashkin, A. Belugin
Based on the applied economic and mathematical partial equilibrium model, the article estimates the volume of Russian exports of basic agri-food products until 2030. The results of simulation indicate a more dynamic increase in exports compared to the agricultural output. At the same time, grain and sunfl ower oil will remain the main products of Russian agrifood exports. Among the agri-food products presented in the study, sugar and milk exports will decline. The reduction in sugar exports is mainly due to a decrease in sugar production, while milk exports are infl uenced by growing domestic demand. In general, the supply of domestic products to Russian consumers is relatively stable, and the share of exports in agri-food products under certain conditions may increase from 19.6% in 2019 to 24.6% in 2030. Agri-food output is growing under the infl uence of technological progress, increasing consumer expenditures and export-stimulating measures by 5.6–6.5% compared to 2019, while measures to restrict the exports of grain and sunfl ower oil limit the growth of agri-food output to 0.6–0.8%.In this regard, the development of Russia’s agri-food sector is largely determined by the dynamics of real incomes of the population and the need to gradually abandon the application of export restriction measures.
基于应用经济和数学偏均衡模型,本文估计了俄罗斯到2030年的基本农产品出口量。模拟结果表明,与农业产出相比,出口的增长更为动态。与此同时,谷物和葵花籽油仍将是俄罗斯农产品出口的主要产品。在研究中提出的农产品中,糖和牛奶的出口将下降。糖出口减少的主要原因是糖产量减少,而牛奶出口则受到国内需求增长的影响。总体而言,俄罗斯消费者的国内产品供应相对稳定,在一定条件下,出口在农产品中的份额可能从2019年的19.6%增加到2030年的24.6%。在技术进步的影响下,农业食品产量正在增长,与2019年相比,消费者支出和出口刺激措施增加了5.6-6.5%,而限制粮食和葵花籽油出口的措施将农业食品产量的增长限制在0.6-0.8%。在这方面,俄罗斯农业食品部门的发展在很大程度上取决于人口实际收入的动态以及逐步放弃出口限制措施的必要性。
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引用次数: 1
Predicting the value of professional sport clubs. A study of European soccer, 2005–2018 职业体育俱乐部价值预测。2005-2018年欧洲足球研究
IF 0.5 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.31737/2221-2264-2022-56-4-2
Yury Zelenkov, I. Solntsev
This article aims to build a general valuation model that can be applied by investors and current shareholders of professional sport clubs from different countries and leagues. The study is based on panel data on the valuation of soccer clubs published annually by Forbes. Authors analyze all value-drivers that were used previously, expanding the time horizon (number of observations) and incorporating various models including linear and non-linear mixed effect regressions. The best performance is obtained using a mixed-effect model with treebased fi xed part. The following determinants were found signifi cant for the fi xed effect: revenue and number of Google search requests. Analysis of actual deals in 2015–2020 confi rms the model’s predictive ability. It is also shown that since Forbes overestimates the market value of soccer clubs, the proposed model predicts an upper bound on the real value. In this regard, transactions with real value exceeding the estimates are of particular interest. A deeper analysis of such transactions allows to identify additional “non-soccer” factors affecting the deal. Therefore, the proposed model can serve as a tool for the rapid assessment of a soccer club based on open data.
本文旨在建立一个通用的估值模型,供不同国家和联赛的职业体育俱乐部的投资者和现有股东使用。这项研究基于《福布斯》(Forbes)每年发布的足球俱乐部估值面板数据。作者分析了以前使用的所有价值驱动因素,扩大了时间范围(观察次数),并结合了各种模型,包括线性和非线性混合效应回归。采用基于树的固定部分混合效果模型获得最佳效果。以下决定因素被发现对固定效应有显著影响:收入和谷歌搜索请求的数量。对2015-2020年实际交易的分析证实了该模型的预测能力。研究还表明,由于福布斯高估了足球俱乐部的市场价值,所提出的模型预测了真实价值的上限。在这方面,我们特别感兴趣的是实际价值超过估计数的交易。对此类交易进行更深入的分析,可以发现影响交易的其他“非足球”因素。因此,所提出的模型可以作为基于公开数据的足球俱乐部快速评估工具。
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引用次数: 0
Russian electric power industry until 2035: On the way to full transition to renewable energy sources 俄罗斯电力工业到2035年:在向可再生能源全面过渡的道路上
IF 0.5 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.31737/2221-2264-2022-56-4-14
T. Lanshina, V. Slivyak, S. V. Strelkova
This study presents two scenarios for the development of the Russian electric power industry for the period up to 2035 — the baseline and the energy transition scenario. The baseline scenario assumes that in the next 15 years the country will implement the policy envisaged by the key energy strategic documents. In the baseline scenario, the share of wind and solar generation will increase slightly — from 0.3% in 2020 to 2.2% in 2035, which will be signifi cantly lower than in the vast majority of the world major economies. The energy transition scenario assumes the abandonment of the construction of new thermal power plants and nuclear power plants and the gradual decommissioning of thermal and nuclear power plants as their service life expires, with replacement by wind and solar power plants. Hydroelectric power plants, nuclear power plants, gas thermal power plants and biomass thermal power plants will collectively account for about 28% of permanent generation by 2035, which will ensure the stability of the energy system. The remaining share of generation will be provided by variable sources — wind and sun in a ratio of 2:1. The energy transition scenario provides for the abandonment of coal generation by 2030, from nuclear generation by 2060.
本研究提出了到2035年俄罗斯电力工业发展的两种情景——基线情景和能源转型情景。基线情景假定在今后15年内,该国将执行关键能源战略文件所设想的政策。在基线情景中,风能和太阳能发电的份额将略有增加——从2020年的0.3%增加到2035年的2.2%,这将大大低于世界上绝大多数主要经济体。能源转型情景假设放弃新建火电厂和核电站,火电厂和核电站随着使用寿命的到期而逐步退役,取而代之的是风能和太阳能发电厂。到2035年,水力发电厂、核电站、燃气热电厂和生物质热电厂将合计占永久发电量的28%左右,这将确保能源系统的稳定性。剩余的发电份额将由风能和太阳能以2:1的比例提供。能源转型方案规定到2030年放弃煤炭发电,到2060年放弃核能发电。
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引用次数: 0
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Zhurnal Novaya Ekonomicheskaya Assotsiatsiya-Journal of the New Economic Association
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