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Use of Senegalese music to raise coronavirus awareness on social media 在社交媒体上使用塞内加尔音乐提高对冠状病毒的认识
IF 0.8 4区 文学 Q3 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1386/jams_00066_1
Estrella Sendra, Journal Rappé
Senegal is a country with a long history of oral tradition, where the griot is the leading figure responsible for the transmission of messages from generation to generation over centuries. They are highly regarded and considered in society as a mediator and advisor through their music or spoken word. As Senegal witnessed the arrival of the first cases of coronavirus, a large number of musicians used social media to disseminate songs raising coronavirus awareness. Following these first initiatives, President Macky Sall met with several acclaimed musicians in the country. This led to the production of a polyphonic song released by the social media platforms of the Ministry of Health and Social Action. This article looks at music as an ‘edutaining’ and phenomenologically proximate communication strategy to raise awareness about coronavirus and the measures that can be taken to prevent its spread.
塞内加尔是一个有着悠久口述传统的国家,在那里,格里奥是几个世纪以来代代相传的信息传递的主要人物。他们在社会上被高度重视,并通过他们的音乐或口头语言被视为调解人和顾问。随着塞内加尔出现首例冠状病毒病例,大量音乐家利用社交媒体传播歌曲,提高人们对冠状病毒的认识。在这些最初的倡议之后,麦基·萨尔总统会见了该国几位著名的音乐家。为此,卫生和社会行动部的社交媒体平台制作了一首复调歌曲。本文将音乐视为一种“教育”和现象学上接近的传播策略,以提高对冠状病毒的认识,并采取措施防止其传播。
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引用次数: 0
Pandemic politics and Africa: Examining discourses of Afrophobia in the news media 流行病政治与非洲:检视新闻媒体中的恐非言论
IF 0.8 4区 文学 Q3 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1386/jams_00071_1
Téwodros W. Workneh
In addition to the devastating loss of lives, the harm caused by the COVID-19 pandemic to individuals and communities around the world has caused seismic disruptions in economic, social and interpersonal relationships. The pandemic has affected international diplomatic relations as well by amplifying existing geopolitical tensions. By situating discourses of Africa and Africans within global ferments of pandemic politics, this study interrogates how Africa and its peoples were invoked in global media. Drawing from postcolonial theory and conceptual propositions of Afrophobia, the study uses multimodal discourse analysis to critically examine news stories that engaged with two phenomena: controversies regarding the African director-general of the World Health Organization (WHO) and xenophobic treatment of Africans in China. Findings indicate elements of Afrophobia were evident in the Trump Administration’s and US conservative media outlets’ engagement with WHO. Additionally, the study showed the mainstreaming of non-western Afrophobia through the example of the xenophobic treatment of Africans in China. It concludes by proposing a contextual, intersectional and critical geopolitical analytical optics for a more robust understanding of the global Black experience.
除了毁灭性的生命损失外,2019冠状病毒病大流行对世界各地的个人和社区造成的伤害还对经济、社会和人际关系造成了巨大破坏。这次大流行还加剧了现有的地缘政治紧张局势,影响了国际外交关系。通过将非洲和非洲人的话语置于全球流行病政治的发酵中,本研究询问了非洲及其人民如何在全球媒体中被引用。根据后殖民理论和非洲恐惧症的概念命题,本研究使用多模态话语分析来批判性地审视涉及两种现象的新闻报道:关于世界卫生组织(世卫组织)非洲总干事的争议和中国对非洲人的仇外待遇。调查结果表明,在特朗普政府和美国保守派媒体与世卫组织的接触中,非洲恐惧症的因素很明显。此外,该研究通过中国对非洲人的仇外待遇的例子显示了非西方非洲恐惧症的主流化。最后,它提出了一个背景的、交叉的和关键的地缘政治分析光学,以更有力地理解全球黑人的经历。
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引用次数: 0
COVID-19 narratives and counter-narratives in Ghana: The dialectics of state messaging and alternative re/de-constructions 加纳的COVID-19叙事和反叙事:国家信息传递的辩证法和替代的重建/解构
IF 0.8 4区 文学 Q3 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1386/jams_00069_1
Kwame Akuffo Anoff-Ntow, Wisdom J. Tettey
As part of its efforts to manage the pandemic, the government of Ghana has tried to control messaging via press conferences, only to find out that it has to contend with a preponderance of, sometimes conflicting, narratives from a variety of sources. These messages come from traditional and social media, adopting conventional and alternative formats for content and delivery. In this article, we examine the dialectical relationship between the government’s COVID-19 communication strategy and alternative messages from a select range of sources that have emerged. We evaluate the extent to which the latter messages reinforced or undermined official narratives; the relative trust that each set of messages is generating among citizens; the implications for effective management of the crisis; and steps that the state took to maintain/regain control as it sought to combat what it considered to be (dis)misinformation from some of these sources.
作为控制疫情努力的一部分,加纳政府试图通过新闻发布会控制信息传递,结果却发现,它不得不与来自各种来源的、有时相互矛盾的大量叙述作斗争。这些信息来自传统和社交媒体,采用传统和替代格式的内容和传递。在本文中,我们研究了政府的COVID-19传播策略与已出现的一系列精选来源的替代信息之间的辩证关系。我们评估了后一种信息在多大程度上加强或破坏了官方叙述;每组信息在公民中产生的相对信任;对有效管理危机的影响;以及政府为维持/重新获得控制权而采取的措施,因为它试图打击它认为来自其中一些来源的(disdis)错误信息。
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引用次数: 1
Media and the coronavirus pandemic in Africa 媒体与非洲冠状病毒大流行
IF 0.8 4区 文学 Q3 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1386/jams_00061_2
Martin N. Ndlela
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引用次数: 0
Active news audience in COVID-19 pandemic season: Online news sharing motives and secondary gatekeeping decisions by social media users in Nigeria 2019冠状病毒病大流行季节活跃的新闻受众:尼日利亚社交媒体用户的在线新闻分享动机和二级把关决策
IF 0.8 4区 文学 Q3 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1386/jams_00064_1
Babatunde Raphael Ojebuyi, A. Mobolaji, R. Kolawole
Despite its prevalence among Nigerian online readers, the motives for, and implications of, online secondary gatekeeping – a practice where online media audiences select further fragments from published news, aggregate them and share with fellow social media users – have remained unexplored particularly as regards possible sharing of news about the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, this study examined the motives for online news sharing, the newsworthiness criteria applied by Nigerian social media users while selecting and sharing COVID-19-related news and implications of this practice for users’ general knowledge about the virus. Online survey with 349 social media users and five Focus Group Discussion sessions with purposively selected social media users provided data for the study. Findings show that 94.8 per cent of the respondents shared news items about confirmed cases (48.7 per cent) and recoveries (46.1 per cent), while only 5.2 per cent of the respondents shared information about COVID-19 fatalities. Apart from fact-checking stories to confirm their veracity, users applied various newsworthiness criteria such as intensity (25.2 per cent), proximity (14.0 per cent), consequence (12.3 per cent), bizarre (11.2 per cent) and personality (10.9 per cent). Findings further show that the respondents applied 44.076 times the messages they were exposed to through social media to protect themselves against COVID-19. Nigerian social media users are active online secondary gatekeepers, and exposure to COVID-19 stories through social media during the pandemic enhanced their general knowledge about the virus.
尽管这种做法在尼日利亚的在线读者中很普遍,但其动机和影响仍未得到探索,特别是在分享有关COVID-19大流行的新闻方面。在线二级把关是一种做法,在线媒体受众从已发布的新闻中进一步选择片段,汇总并与其他社交媒体用户分享。因此,本研究考察了在线新闻分享的动机,尼日利亚社交媒体用户在选择和分享covid -19相关新闻时采用的新闻价值标准,以及这种做法对用户对该病毒的一般知识的影响。对349名社交媒体用户进行在线调查,并与有目的地选择的社交媒体用户进行五次焦点小组讨论,为研究提供了数据。调查结果显示,94.8%的受访者分享了确诊病例(48.7%)和康复情况(46.1%)的新闻,而只有5.2%的受访者分享了COVID-19死亡人数的信息。除了核实新闻的真实性外,用户还采用了各种新闻价值标准,如强度(25.2%)、接近度(14.0%)、后果(12.3%)、奇异性(11.2%)和个性(10.9%)。调查结果进一步显示,受访者使用了44.076倍于他们通过社交媒体接触到的信息来保护自己免受COVID-19的侵害。尼日利亚社交媒体用户是活跃的在线二级看门人,在大流行期间通过社交媒体接触COVID-19故事增强了他们对该病毒的一般了解。
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引用次数: 1
Language in a pandemic: A multimodal analysis of social media representation of COVID-19 大流行中的语言:对COVID-19社交媒体表征的多模态分析
IF 0.8 4区 文学 Q3 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1386/jams_00062_1
O. Adebomi
Since COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on 11 March 2020, it has become a source of worry across countries within the global space. It has posed not only a health challenge but also an economic and a linguistic burden. Linguistic burden because many efforts are being made by stakeholders to appropriately represent or codify the manifestations of the disease in unambiguous and understandable terms. Hence, one of the major platforms where COVID-19 has been variously represented is the social media. This study, therefore, focuses on a multimodal analysis of the representation of the COVID-19 pandemic on two social media platforms: Facebook and WhatsApp. The study adopts Kress’s social semiotic model as theoretical framework. This model explains the meaning affordances of verbal and non-verbal semiotic resources. It examines communicators’ intentions and makes meanings through multiple semiotic modes. This model is adopted because it offers a sociological perspective to the interpretation of visual texts. Twenty-five semiotic resources comprising memes and flash headlines, which were purposively sourced from Facebook and WhatsApp over a period of twelve weeks between April and July 2020, were analysed in the study. The data were subjected to both pictorial and simple descriptive linguistic analysis. The study reveals that COVID-19 memes extend economic and social concerns in Nigeria. The semiotic resources expose social problems such as poverty, insecurity and inequality in the Nigerian society which pose a threat to strict adherence to safety measures; and establish the manifestation of religion and gender issues in COVID-19 debates. Furthermore, it provides informative-cum-instructional functions in the fight against COVID-19. The study suggests that the deployment of appropriate linguistic and extralinguistic codes could guarantee effective and targeted public health enlightenment on COVID-19.
自2020年3月11日世界卫生组织宣布2019冠状病毒病为大流行以来,它已成为全球各国担忧的根源。它不仅构成健康挑战,而且构成经济和语言负担。语言负担,因为利益攸关方正在作出许多努力,以明确和可理解的术语适当地代表或编纂疾病的表现。因此,社交媒体是新型冠状病毒传播的主要平台之一。因此,本研究侧重于对COVID-19大流行在两个社交媒体平台(Facebook和WhatsApp)上的表现进行多模式分析。本研究采用克雷斯的社会符号学模型作为理论框架。该模型解释了语言和非语言符号资源的意义支持性。它通过多种符号学模式来考察交际者的意图和意义。这一模式之所以被采用,是因为它为视觉文本的解读提供了社会学的视角。该研究分析了包括模因和闪光标题在内的25种符号资源,这些资源是在2020年4月至7月的12周内有目的地从Facebook和WhatsApp获取的。对数据进行了图像分析和简单的描述性语言分析。该研究表明,COVID-19表情包扩大了尼日利亚的经济和社会担忧。符号学资源暴露了尼日利亚社会的贫困、不安全和不平等等社会问题,这些问题对严格遵守安全措施构成威胁;并在COVID-19辩论中确立宗教和性别问题的体现。此外,它还为抗击COVID-19提供信息和指导功能。研究表明,适当的语言和语言外代码的部署可以确保有效和有针对性的公共卫生启蒙。
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引用次数: 2
Guardians of truth? Fact-checking the ‘disinfodemic’ in Southern Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic 真理的守护者?在COVID-19大流行期间,对南部非洲的“虚假信息”进行事实核查
IF 0.8 4区 文学 Q3 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1386/jams_00065_1
Admire Mare, Allen Munoriyarwa
Based on virtual ethnography and online interviews, we provide new evidence of how fact-checking organizations based in Zimbabwe, South Africa and Namibia responded to the influx of conspiracy theories, mis- and disinformation during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study seeks to answer the following questions: What kind of responses did ZimFact, Africa Check and Namibia Fact Check put in place to combat the spread of the ‘disinfodemic’ during the outbreak of COVID-19 in Southern Africa? To what extent were these interventions effective in terms of combating the viral spread of the ‘disinfodemic’ in the broader information ecosystem? It argues that through a combination of manual and technology-enabled verification processes, these organizations were partly able to debunk some of the harmful, conspiratorial and misleading claims related to the coronavirus. It demonstrates that fact-checking alone is not enough to stem the ‘disinfodemic’ unless it is complemented by an ecosystem that prioritizes access to information, media literacy initiatives, proactive takedown interventions by platform companies and increased public awareness on truthful and credible public health information. Furthermore, fact-checking organizations need to increase the speed at which they respond to the ‘disinfodemic’ if virality, which is the major driver of this ‘phenomenon’, is to be mitigated. We recommend that fact-checkers should implement efficient mechanisms of decentralizing their activities, amplify the sharing of verified information, forge collaborative initiatives with key actors and ramp up critical media literacy programmes.
基于虚拟人种学和在线访谈,我们提供了新的证据,说明津巴布韦、南非和纳米比亚的事实核查组织如何应对2019冠状病毒病大流行期间涌入的阴谋论、错误和虚假信息。本研究旨在回答以下问题:在南部非洲COVID-19爆发期间,ZimFact、Africa Check和Namibia Fact Check采取了什么样的应对措施来应对“虚假信息”的传播?在更广泛的信息生态系统中,这些干预措施在多大程度上有效地遏制了“虚假信息”的病毒式传播?它认为,通过人工和技术支持的验证过程相结合,这些组织在一定程度上能够揭穿与冠状病毒有关的一些有害、阴谋和误导性的说法。它表明,事实核查本身不足以遏制“虚假信息”,除非辅以一个生态系统,该生态系统优先考虑信息获取、媒体素养倡议、平台公司的主动删除干预措施以及提高公众对真实和可信的公共卫生信息的认识。此外,事实核查组织需要加快应对“虚假信息”的速度,如果要减轻病毒式传播,病毒式传播是这一“现象”的主要驱动因素。我们建议,事实核查人员应实施有效的活动分散机制,扩大已核实信息的共享,与关键行为体制定合作倡议,并加强关键的媒体扫盲方案。
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引用次数: 7
Imagine dying from an overseas disease, when you do not even own a passport: A critical analysis of Twitter conversations in the wake of COVID-19 in Kenya and South Africa 想象一下,你甚至没有护照,却死于海外疾病:对肯尼亚和南非新冠肺炎疫情后推特对话的批判性分析
IF 0.8 4区 文学 Q3 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1386/jams_00063_1
J. Mwaura, Ufuoma Akpojivi
South Africa has had a long history of institutionalized racial segregation and although it came to an end in the early 1990s, the level of power, racial and inequalities are still evident to date, making South Africa one of the most unequal societies in the world. Kenya, on the other hand, has had its share of inequalities, particularly inclined towards political and ethnic dimensions. The emergence of COVID-19 has further uncovered social and political fractures within the two societies with racialized and discriminatory responses to fear disproportionately affecting marginalized groups. Using qualitative research design, and case study approach, a corpus of tweets from social media archive (Twitter) when the first COVID-19 cases were recorded in both countries were analysed to ascertain the conversations occurring and if it re-enforces existing postcolonial issues. The study argued that Twitter conversations that occurred in both countries show that postcolonial issues of power and race are rife and appeared in many public conversations on social media.
南非有长期制度化的种族隔离的历史,虽然它在1990年代初结束,但权力、种族和不平等的程度至今仍然很明显,使南非成为世界上最不平等的社会之一。另一方面,肯尼亚也存在不平等现象,特别是政治和种族方面的不平等现象。2019冠状病毒病的出现进一步暴露了这两个社会内部的社会和政治裂痕,对恐惧的种族化和歧视性反应对边缘群体的影响尤为严重。采用定性研究设计和案例研究方法,分析了两国首次记录COVID-19病例时社交媒体档案(Twitter)的推文语料库,以确定正在发生的对话,以及它是否重新强化了现有的后殖民问题。该研究认为,在这两个国家发生的推特对话表明,权力和种族的后殖民问题很普遍,出现在社交媒体上的许多公开对话中。
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引用次数: 1
Analysing the mythologies and the ideological nuances in photographic representation of COVID-19 containment in Kenya’s newspapers 分析肯尼亚报纸上关于COVID-19遏制的摄影表现中的神话和意识形态的细微差别
IF 0.8 4区 文学 Q3 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1386/jams_00068_1
Joseph N. Nyanoti
When the first death from Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was reported in Kenya on 15 March 2020 the mainstream media seemed to play its role of sensitizing the public and giving coverage as the government enforced regulations to fight the pandemic. However, a critical observation indicated that the media were not doing much more than government propaganda. The focus of this study is to analyse the ideology that drives the Kenyan mainstream media. The research particularly focuses on the study of photographs that were published in Kenya’s two leading newspapers, the Daily Nation and The Standard, between 15 March and 30 April 2020, to decode the ideological meanings hidden in the photographs. This study is guided by these three research questions: how is the fight against COVID-19 photographically represented in Kenyan newspapers? What mythic meanings are embedded in these photographs? What ideological nuances can be read in these photographs? The analysis used Roland Barthes’s framework of semiotic analysis. Findings show that the photographs published in the two newspapers in the period of study support the dominant government ideology and promote gender and class inequality.
2020年3月15日,肯尼亚报告了首例冠状病毒病(COVID-19)死亡病例,随着政府执行抗击疫情的法规,主流媒体似乎发挥了提高公众认识和报道的作用。然而,一项批判性的观察表明,媒体所做的不过是政府的宣传。本研究的重点是分析驱动肯尼亚主流媒体的意识形态。该研究特别侧重于研究2020年3月15日至4月30日期间在肯尼亚两家主要报纸《每日国家报》和《标准报》上发表的照片,以破译照片中隐藏的意识形态含义。本研究以以下三个研究问题为指导:肯尼亚报纸如何以摄影方式呈现抗击COVID-19的斗争?这些照片中蕴含着什么样的神话意义?从这些照片中可以看出什么意识形态的细微差别?分析采用了罗兰·巴特的符号学分析框架。研究结果表明,两家报纸在研究期间刊登的照片支持了占主导地位的政府意识形态,助长了性别和阶级不平等。
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引用次数: 1
Nigerian government and management of news and information on the coronavirus pandemic 尼日利亚政府和有关冠状病毒大流行的新闻和信息的管理
IF 0.8 4区 文学 Q3 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1386/jams_00070_1
G. Ernest-Samuel, N. Uduma
This research is conducted to ascertain informed public’s views on Nigerian government’s management of news and information during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in Nigeria. Purposively selected participants were engaged in a WhatsApp conference to investigate how they perceive government’s management of news and information on the pandemic; expose government’s efforts in disseminating news and information, and its influence on the overall management and control of the disease in Nigeria. Using framing theory in its analysis, the article argues that government’s nepotistic, secretive management of news and information on COVID adversely affected public trust, which is read as a form of censorship through silence designed to obstruct transparency, accountability and citizenship participation on national issues, contrary to the principles of Open Government Partnership (OGP) which Nigeria, is member to. The article reiterates on the need for government to build the confidence of Nigerians and boost its overall image.
本研究旨在确定知情公众对尼日利亚冠状病毒(COVID-19)大流行期间尼日利亚政府对新闻和信息的管理的看法。有意挑选的参与者参加了WhatsApp会议,以调查他们如何看待政府对大流行新闻和信息的管理;揭露政府在传播新闻和信息方面所做的努力,及其对尼日利亚疾病的整体管理和控制的影响。文章在分析中使用框架理论,认为政府对COVID新闻和信息的裙带关系和秘密管理对公众信任产生了不利影响,这被解读为一种通过沉默进行审查的形式,旨在阻碍国家问题的透明度、问责制和公民参与,这违背了尼日利亚作为成员的开放政府伙伴关系(OGP)的原则。文章重申政府需要建立尼日利亚人的信心并提升其整体形象。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Journal of African Media Studies
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