Andreia Costa, P. Pintassilgo, António Matias, Patrícia Pinto, M. H. Guimarães
Dissertacao de mestrado, Economia do Turismo e Desenvolvimento Regional, Faculdade de Economia, Universidade do Algarve, 2015
硕士论文，旅游经济学与区域发展，阿尔加维大学经济学院，2015
{"title":"Birdwatcher profile in the Ria Formosa Natural Park","authors":"Andreia Costa, P. Pintassilgo, António Matias, Patrícia Pinto, M. H. Guimarães","doi":"10.18089/TMS.2018.14106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18089/TMS.2018.14106","url":null,"abstract":"Dissertacao de mestrado, Economia do Turismo e Desenvolvimento Regional, Faculdade de Economia, Universidade do Algarve, 2015","PeriodicalId":43763,"journal":{"name":"Tourism & Management Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2018-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44215680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Ruiz, Guillermo José Bermúdez González, Dolores Tous Zamora
Over the past decades cruise tourism is a sector that has experienced a tremendous growth around the globe. The relations that are establish between the different agents that interact in this industry, passengers, crew and residents are crucial for visitor satisfaction and the success of the tourist destination. The study has analyzed the different types of cruise passengers who landed at the port of Malaga and their perception of the capital through the destination image, satisfaction and destination loyalty in Malaga. A cluster analysis showed the existence of four different groups of passengers whose opinions can give a specific answer to the consolidation of Malaga as a quality tourist destination. From a practical point of view, recommendations about the adequate management of the destination attributes for the cruise industry are discussed in the conclusions.
{"title":"Destination image, satisfaction and destination loyalty in cruise tourism: the case of Málaga (Spain)","authors":"E. Ruiz, Guillermo José Bermúdez González, Dolores Tous Zamora","doi":"10.18089/TMS.2018.14105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18089/TMS.2018.14105","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past decades cruise tourism is a sector that has experienced a tremendous growth around the globe. The relations that are establish between the different agents that interact in this industry, passengers, crew and residents are crucial for visitor satisfaction and the success of the tourist destination. The study has analyzed the different types of cruise passengers who landed at the port of Malaga and their perception of the capital through the destination image, satisfaction and destination loyalty in Malaga. A cluster analysis showed the existence of four different groups of passengers whose opinions can give a specific answer to the consolidation of Malaga as a quality tourist destination. From a practical point of view, recommendations about the adequate management of the destination attributes for the cruise industry are discussed in the conclusions.","PeriodicalId":43763,"journal":{"name":"Tourism & Management Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2018-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44064742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The new paradigm of today’s world economy is characterized by the mobility of production resources and the ability to combine them in an efficient way. The strategic management research has recognized the importance of studying the companies’ resources and capabilities and its usefulness to achieve competitive advantage. This perspective is consistent with the Resource-Based View (RBV) and with the Dynamic Capabilities View (DCV). The source of competitive advantage is much more correlated with intangible resources, since these are rarer and socially complex, making their imitation difficult. Consequently, intangible resources are considered strategic resources, since it allows creating perceived value by the customer, outperforming the competition, competing in new markets and being use in a wide range of products and services. On the other hand, the processes for absorbing external knowledge became an essential element for firms to adapt to changes in the competitive environment. Thus knowledge plays an important role in firms’ internationalization process. Building on well-established theories, our research explores the influence of intangible resources and absorptive capacities in export performance of Portuguese small and medium enterprises (SMEs) of footwear associated to the Portuguese Footwear, Components and Leather Goods Association (APICCAPS). Based on survey data from 42 firms, our empirical results indicate that globally intangible resources and absorptive capacity have a positive and significant influence on export performance. On one hand, the intangible resources that most contribute to this end are reputational resources, access to financial resources and relational resources, and on the other hand the absorptive capacities that most contribute to export performance are exploitation of knowledge, transformation of knowledge and general knowledge acquisition.
{"title":"Relationship between intangible resources, absorptive capacities and export performance","authors":"Alexandra França, O. Rua","doi":"10.18089/TMS.2018.14108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18089/TMS.2018.14108","url":null,"abstract":"The new paradigm of today’s world economy is characterized by the mobility of production resources and the ability to combine them in an efficient way. The strategic management research has recognized the importance of studying the companies’ resources and capabilities and its usefulness to achieve competitive advantage. This perspective is consistent with the Resource-Based View (RBV) and with the Dynamic Capabilities View (DCV). The source of competitive advantage is much more correlated with intangible resources, since these are rarer and socially complex, making their imitation difficult. Consequently, intangible resources are considered strategic resources, since it allows creating perceived value by the customer, outperforming the competition, competing in new markets and being use in a wide range of products and services. On the other hand, the processes for absorbing external knowledge became an essential element for firms to adapt to changes in the competitive environment. Thus knowledge plays an important role in firms’ internationalization process. Building on well-established theories, our research explores the influence of intangible resources and absorptive capacities in export performance of Portuguese small and medium enterprises (SMEs) of footwear associated to the Portuguese Footwear, Components and Leather Goods Association (APICCAPS). Based on survey data from 42 firms, our empirical results indicate that globally intangible resources and absorptive capacity have a positive and significant influence on export performance. On one hand, the intangible resources that most contribute to this end are reputational resources, access to financial resources and relational resources, and on the other hand the absorptive capacities that most contribute to export performance are exploitation of knowledge, transformation of knowledge and general knowledge acquisition.","PeriodicalId":43763,"journal":{"name":"Tourism & Management Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2018-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45380746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A country’s international recognition represents a significant aspect of its country branding and destination branding. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to explore ‘culture’ as a dimension of the country brand, particularly by analysing the case of Brazil in England. Using a focus group and thematic analysis, the study shows that Brazil is perceived as having a ‘diverse and positive culture’. Considering the English participants’ awareness of the country, the most prevalent themes were ‘football’, ‘Carnival,’ ‘Rio’ and ‘music.’ Furthermore, the most indicative of Brazil’s unique cultural associations were ‘flip-flops,’ ‘Amazon,’ ‘carnival parades,’ ‘Brazil nuts’, and ‘Brazilian native indigenous’. While the most positive associations were ‘carnival,’ ‘music,’ ‘indigenous tribes’ and ‘films’; the most negative associations were ‘social inequality,’ ‘poverty,’ ‘corruption,’ ‘political problems’ and ‘crime.’ Nevertheless, Brazil’s brand image is somewhat recognized more favourable than unfavourable by these English participants. This study can enhance country brand campaigns to refine their strategies for attracting business, investment, and tourism.
{"title":"Culture as a dimension of country brand: highs and lows of Brazil’s brand image","authors":"F. Mariutti, M. D. L. Medeiros","doi":"10.18089/TMS.2018.14110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18089/TMS.2018.14110","url":null,"abstract":"A country’s international recognition represents a significant aspect of its country branding and destination branding. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to explore ‘culture’ as a dimension of the country brand, particularly by analysing the case of Brazil in England. Using a focus group and thematic analysis, the study shows that Brazil is perceived as having a ‘diverse and positive culture’. Considering the English participants’ awareness of the country, the most prevalent themes were ‘football’, ‘Carnival,’ ‘Rio’ and ‘music.’ Furthermore, the most indicative of Brazil’s unique cultural associations were ‘flip-flops,’ ‘Amazon,’ ‘carnival parades,’ ‘Brazil nuts’, and ‘Brazilian native indigenous’. While the most positive associations were ‘carnival,’ ‘music,’ ‘indigenous tribes’ and ‘films’; the most negative associations were ‘social inequality,’ ‘poverty,’ ‘corruption,’ ‘political problems’ and ‘crime.’ Nevertheless, Brazil’s brand image is somewhat recognized more favourable than unfavourable by these English participants. This study can enhance country brand campaigns to refine their strategies for attracting business, investment, and tourism.","PeriodicalId":43763,"journal":{"name":"Tourism & Management Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2018-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45368571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juan Miguel Alcántara-Pilar, F. Blanco-Encomienda, Mª Eugenia Rodríguez-López, S. Barrio-García
This paper examines how consumers develop their attitude toward a destination website and are influenced by its usability, perceived risk and perceived usefulness – all of which can enhance their purchase intention. To create an authentic browsing scenario for the study, a website was specially designed for a fictitious tourist destination. Participants were invited to browse the site freely while carrying out the task assigned to them. This approach contributed added value to the research by simulating the real behavior of consumers who are faced with a range of options when selecting their purchase. The findings confirm that perceived usability and usefulness exert a positive influence on attitude toward the website, while the effect of the perceived risk is negative. The key implication is that if tourism business managers can better understand how attitude toward a website is developed this will enable them to market their products and services more effectively.
{"title":"Enhancing consumer attitudes toward a website as a contributing factor in business success","authors":"Juan Miguel Alcántara-Pilar, F. Blanco-Encomienda, Mª Eugenia Rodríguez-López, S. Barrio-García","doi":"10.18089/TMS.2018.14109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18089/TMS.2018.14109","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines how consumers develop their attitude toward a destination website and are influenced by its usability, perceived risk and perceived usefulness – all of which can enhance their purchase intention. To create an authentic browsing scenario for the study, a website was specially designed for a fictitious tourist destination. Participants were invited to browse the site freely while carrying out the task assigned to them. This approach contributed added value to the research by simulating the real behavior of consumers who are faced with a range of options when selecting their purchase. The findings confirm that perceived usability and usefulness exert a positive influence on attitude toward the website, while the effect of the perceived risk is negative. The key implication is that if tourism business managers can better understand how attitude toward a website is developed this will enable them to market their products and services more effectively.","PeriodicalId":43763,"journal":{"name":"Tourism & Management Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2018-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41526332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coastal urbanization dynamics in the Algarve are intimately related with tourism, which dominates the regional economy. We present part of the results of a research project in the coastal landscapes of Algarve, focusing on land use and land change, particularly urban sprawl around Faro, one of the highest concentrations of tourism resorts in the region. We performed a diacronic analysis (1990-2000) based on Corine Land Cover data. We combined contingence tables and landscape metrics. A parsimonious suite of these spatial metrics were selected in order to be easily combined as to derive results with a straighforward interpretation, and moving windows technique facilitated the task in identifying gradients of landscape heterogeneity. Land use planning must pay more attention to tourism, adopting combined spatial approaches, monitor initiatives, and do better plans. Metrics are good indicators for this purpose.
{"title":"An alternative planning paradigm for coastal landscapes and tourism. Spatial metrics as indicators for planning coastal tourism landscapes","authors":"André Botequilha-Leitão, E. Díaz-Varela","doi":"10.18089/TMS.2018.14104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18089/TMS.2018.14104","url":null,"abstract":"Coastal urbanization dynamics in the Algarve are intimately related with tourism, which dominates the regional economy. We present part of the results of a research project in the coastal landscapes of Algarve, focusing on land use and land change, particularly urban sprawl around Faro, one of the highest concentrations of tourism resorts in the region. We performed a diacronic analysis (1990-2000) based on Corine Land Cover data. We combined contingence tables and landscape metrics. A parsimonious suite of these spatial metrics were selected in order to be easily combined as to derive results with a straighforward interpretation, and moving windows technique facilitated the task in identifying gradients of landscape heterogeneity. Land use planning must pay more attention to tourism, adopting combined spatial approaches, monitor initiatives, and do better plans. Metrics are good indicators for this purpose.","PeriodicalId":43763,"journal":{"name":"Tourism & Management Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2018-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46575441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Business model innovation (BMI) is core for entrepreneurship in industrial or service sectors, including tourism. Our submission focuses on the development of the field of BMI. We perform systematic literature review based on 316 valid papers indexed on ISI Current Contents, published between 2000 and 2015. Bibliometric results indicate a significant increase in the number of papers, journals and authors, and lack of specialized journals/authors publishing regularly in the BMI field. Thematic analysis reveals that BMI has been extensively studied, however there is rarely any cumulative knowledge effect between authors. Most researches were conceptual or qualitative, however few constructs have been defined and tested to enable quantitative studies. We conclude that there had been little evolution in terms of theoretically developing the BMI field. We argue that there is a need to adopt already existing conceptual models, develop constructs and validate them with primary quantitative data and advanced statistical analysis.
商业模式创新是包括旅游业在内的工业或服务业创业的核心。我们提交的材料重点关注BMI领域的发展。我们根据2000年至2015年间发表的316篇基于ISI Current Contents的有效论文进行了系统的文献综述。文献计量结果表明，论文、期刊和作者的数量显著增加，BMI领域缺乏定期出版的专业期刊/作者。专题分析表明，BMI已经得到了广泛的研究，但作者之间很少有任何累积的知识效应。大多数研究都是概念性或定性的，但很少有结构被定义和测试以实现定量研究。我们得出的结论是，在BMI领域的理论发展方面几乎没有什么进展。我们认为，有必要采用现有的概念模型，开发结构，并用初级定量数据和高级统计分析对其进行验证。
{"title":"Business model innovation: towards a conceptual framework","authors":"Irina Saur‐Amaral, R. Soares, João F. Proença","doi":"10.18089/TMS.2018.14107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18089/TMS.2018.14107","url":null,"abstract":"Business model innovation (BMI) is core for entrepreneurship in industrial or service sectors, including tourism. Our submission focuses on the development of the field of BMI. We perform systematic literature review based on 316 valid papers indexed on ISI Current Contents, published between 2000 and 2015. Bibliometric results indicate a significant increase in the number of papers, journals and authors, and lack of specialized journals/authors publishing regularly in the BMI field. Thematic analysis reveals that BMI has been extensively studied, however there is rarely any cumulative knowledge effect between authors. Most researches were conceptual or qualitative, however few constructs have been defined and tested to enable quantitative studies. We conclude that there had been little evolution in terms of theoretically developing the BMI field. We argue that there is a need to adopt already existing conceptual models, develop constructs and validate them with primary quantitative data and advanced statistical analysis.","PeriodicalId":43763,"journal":{"name":"Tourism & Management Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2018-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48834505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Culture is the preferred activity of sun & sand tourists visiting the Spanish Mediterranean regions. Improving our knowledge on the factors surrounding this type of demand appears to be pivotal for the continuous renewal of those mature destinations. With this objective we apply probit models to a data set of more than 200,000 questionnaires accounting for the socio-economic characteristics of the tourists, their trip behaviour, and destination and time fixed effects. Results allow us to identify interesting characteristics of tourism of cultural activities making this product a good candidate to contribute to the sustainability of destinations.
{"title":"Tourism, cultural activities and sustainability in the Spanish Mediterranean regions: A probit approach","authors":"Andrés Artal-Tur, Antonio-Juan BRIONES-PEÑALVER, Marina Villena-Navarro","doi":"10.18089/TMS.2018.14101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18089/TMS.2018.14101","url":null,"abstract":"Culture is the preferred activity of sun & sand tourists visiting the Spanish Mediterranean regions. Improving our knowledge on the factors surrounding this type of demand appears to be pivotal for the continuous renewal of those mature destinations. With this objective we apply probit models to a data set of more than 200,000 questionnaires accounting for the socio-economic characteristics of the tourists, their trip behaviour, and destination and time fixed effects. Results allow us to identify interesting characteristics of tourism of cultural activities making this product a good candidate to contribute to the sustainability of destinations.","PeriodicalId":43763,"journal":{"name":"Tourism & Management Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2018-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49544684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Bernal-Conesa, Antonio-Juan Briones-Peñalver, Carmen de Nieves-Nieto
This study used structural equation modelling to analyse and investigate the adoption of corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategies by the Spanish technology industry and the impacts of these strategies on technology companies’ performance and competitiveness. The research was conducted using a survey of companies located in Spanish science and technology parks. The analyses’ results reveal positive, direct and statistically significant relationships between companies’ CSR strategies and competitiveness and between their competitiveness and performance.In addition, the results show that competitiveness is a mediating variable in the relationship between CSR strategies and technology companies’ performance.
{"title":"Impacts of the CSR strategies of technology companies on performance and competitiveness","authors":"J. Bernal-Conesa, Antonio-Juan Briones-Peñalver, Carmen de Nieves-Nieto","doi":"10.18089/tms.2017.13408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18089/tms.2017.13408","url":null,"abstract":"This study used structural equation modelling to analyse and investigate the adoption of corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategies by the Spanish technology industry and the impacts of these strategies on technology companies’ performance and competitiveness. The research was conducted using a survey of companies located in Spanish science and technology parks. The analyses’ results reveal positive, direct and statistically significant relationships between companies’ CSR strategies and competitiveness and between their competitiveness and performance.In addition, the results show that competitiveness is a mediating variable in the relationship between CSR strategies and technology companies’ performance.","PeriodicalId":43763,"journal":{"name":"Tourism & Management Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2017-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44146249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The European Capitals of Culture (ECOC) are the most ambitious European cultural partnership project implemented in Europe, if one looks at its scale. In 2012, for the first time in Portugal, a medium sized city was its host. Guimaraes (in the northwest of Portugal) was the city chosen. Three years after hosting the ECOC, it is time to assess what has changed as a consequence of hosting the event, in terms of visitors’ profile and the perception of the city´s attributes. Primary data sources were used, gathered via conducting surveys on tourists in the ex-ante (2010/11) and post-event periods (2015) to Guimaraes. Analytically, statistical methods were used putting in evidence the similarities and /or differences found regarding the visitors’ profiles and perceptions towards the destination´s attributes, when looking at the two time periods being analyzed. In relation to the results achieved, it was concluded that a change in the visitors’ profile to Guimaraes took place (there was a more balance between men and women; a decrease in the amount of tourists aged from 0 to 25 and an increase in those aged from 46 to 65; as well as an increase in tourists with lower schooling levels), aside from a notorious evolution in what regards the perceived city attributes. One believes that the empirical results attained are a valuable source of information for tour operators and, mainly, for city planning and for the managing authorities.
{"title":"Changes in the Guimarães visitors` profile and the city attributes perceptions in the post hosting of the 2012 European Capital of Culture","authors":"P. Remoaldo, L. Vareiro, J. C. Ribeiro","doi":"10.18089/TMS.2017.13405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18089/TMS.2017.13405","url":null,"abstract":"The European Capitals of Culture (ECOC) are the most ambitious European cultural partnership project implemented in Europe, if one looks at its scale. In 2012, for the first time in Portugal, a medium sized city was its host. Guimaraes (in the northwest of Portugal) was the city chosen. Three years after hosting the ECOC, it is time to assess what has changed as a consequence of hosting the event, in terms of visitors’ profile and the perception of the city´s attributes. Primary data sources were used, gathered via conducting surveys on tourists in the ex-ante (2010/11) and post-event periods (2015) to Guimaraes. Analytically, statistical methods were used putting in evidence the similarities and /or differences found regarding the visitors’ profiles and perceptions towards the destination´s attributes, when looking at the two time periods being analyzed. In relation to the results achieved, it was concluded that a change in the visitors’ profile to Guimaraes took place (there was a more balance between men and women; a decrease in the amount of tourists aged from 0 to 25 and an increase in those aged from 46 to 65; as well as an increase in tourists with lower schooling levels), aside from a notorious evolution in what regards the perceived city attributes. One believes that the empirical results attained are a valuable source of information for tour operators and, mainly, for city planning and for the managing authorities.","PeriodicalId":43763,"journal":{"name":"Tourism & Management Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2017-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46843744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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